cause effect essay about smoking

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Cause and Effects of Smoking Cigarettes, Essay Example

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Words: 914

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Smoking cigarettes has historically been a leisurely and highly popular social activity that a litany of people turn to as a way to assuage daily stress, lose weight, and feel socially accepted in a constantly evolving social world. Tobacco, the main ingredient in cigarettes, has high levels of nicotine, which is a highly addictive ingredient that makes it hard for people to quit smoking if nicotine is ingested on a quotidian basis (Woolbright, 1994, p. 337). According to the CDC (2014), cigarette smoking causes over 480,000 deaths annually in the United States alone, which translates into one out of every five people extirpating due to the ingestion of tobacco. A preventable cause of death, cigarette smoking kills more persons than accidents caused due motor vehicle accidents, alcohol consumption, illegal drug use, deaths involving firearms, and the HIV/AIDS virus altogether (Center For Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Women who smoke tobacco disproportionately suffer from even more health problems as it directly harms not only their reproductive health but also their mortality and morbidity rates of their progeny or future children (American Lung Association, n.d.). People should not smoke because it not only spawns negative health effects but also because it is not economically useful. If people stopped smoking, many lives would be both indirectly and directly saved from premature and preventative deaths as a result.

Doctors and other medical experts pinpoint the various health hazards caused by smoking, especially to the statistics pertaining to the nexus between smoking cigarettes and premature death, in order to convince people to quit smoking. In the past five decades, the risk of premature death in both female and male smokers has profoundly increased (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). According to the CDC (2014), smoking cigarettes causes a handful of diseases because it adversely impacts almost all bodily organs and detracts from the general health of enthusiastic smokers. The risk of developing coronary heart disease (COPD), various cardiovascular maladies, and stroke–the leading cause of death in the United States alone–increases two to four times as much due to the damage it spawns to blood vessels because tobacco narrows and thickens them. These ramifications cause rapid heartbeat, which results in higher blood pressure levels which renders smokers vulnerable to blood clots. If blood clots prevent blood from reaching the heart, people put themselves  at risk for heart attack due to the fact that the heart does not get enough oxygen and thus kills the heart muscle. In addition, blood clots can also cause a stroke because they can hinder blood flow to the brain. Shockingly, quitting smoking even after just one year drastically enhances an individual’s risk of incurring poor cardiovascular health. Moreover, smoking is directly connected to various respiratory diseases due to the fact that it harms both airways and alveoli, or the minute air vacs, that are in the lungs. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), emphysema, and bronchitis are common forms of lung disease that chronic smokers often develop. In addition, medical experts correlate cigarette smoking with a litany of cancers, which have been pinpointed as the primary cause of lung cancer in individuals who smoke for a protracted period of time. Smoking cigarettes can also spawn various other types of cancer, including cancer in the stomach, liver, kidneys, bladders, pancreas, and oropharynx. Smoking not only puts smokers at risk for these often fatal types of cancer but also to those around smokes as a result of second-hand smoking. Second-hand smoke, according to the CDC (2014), causes an estimated 34,000 deaths per year in non-smokers because they too develop various cardiovascular diseases while an estimated 8,000 persons prematurely dying as a result of stroke (CDC, 2014). They also are put at risk for developing lung cancer by approximately thirty percent, and their risk for heart attack is also amplified. Physicians estimate that if nobody smoked cigarettes around the world, an estimated one out of every three deaths caused by cancer would not manifest (1).

More poignantly, smoking cigarettes negatively impacts women’s reproductive health, and children who are exposed to cigarette smoke suffer from often fatal effects. Many studies have analyzed and outlined the negative ramifications of maternal smoking on both the mother and the baby and/or infant ( Hofhuis, de Jongste, & Merkus, 2003 & Woolbright, 1994). Many states require documentation on birth certificates of maternal tobacco consumption (Woolbright, 1994). Despite the Surgeon General’s stern warning that maternal smoking has been linked to fetal injury, premature birth, and/or low birth rate, 15-37% of pregnant women still smoke cigarettes while pregnant (Hofhuis, de Jongste, & Merkus, 2003). Mothers who smoke also frequently participate in other high-risk behaviors that also negatively impacts the health of their progeny. Additionally, factors including marital and socio-economic status in addition education level affect the outcome of pregnancies due to increased vulnerability to cigarette smoking (Woolbright, 1994, p. 330). Low birth weight is the main impact of maternal smoking, although the existing literature pinpoints infant death and premature birth as major ramifications of it as well. Infant exposure to tobacco after they are born puts him or her at risk of premature death if they develop respiratory diseases in addition to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (Woolbright, 1994). Hofhuis, de Jongste, and Merkus (2003) assessed how smoking cigarettes during pregnancy in addition to passive smoking thereafter affects both the mortality and morbidity rates in children. Statistics show that other obstetric complications directly linked to smoking, including spontaneous abortions, premature rupture of membranes, ectopic pregnancies, and complications related to the placenta. Smoking also stunts the lung growth that fetuses need in utero, which results in the child suffering from weakened lungs after birth while also exponentially increases the child’s chance of suffering from asthma and a vast array of other crippling  respiratory diseases. In addition, it stunts brain development and detracts from the child’s mental acuity.

Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking. (2014, February 6).  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Retrieved November 21, 2015 from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_ cig_smoking/

American Lung Association. (n.d.). Women and tobacco use.  American Lung Association . Retrieved November 21, 2015 from http://www.lung.org/stop- smoking/about-smoking/facts- figures/women-and-tobacco-use.html

Ault, R. W., Jr., R. E., Jackson, J. D., Saba, R. S., & Saurman, D. S. (1991). Smoking and Absenteeism. Applied Economics ,  23 , 743-754.

Hodgson TA. Cigarette Smoking and Lifetime Medical Expenditures.  Millbank Q  1992, 70, 81-125.

Hofhuis, W., de Jongste, J. C., & Merkus, P. J. (2003). Adverse Health Effects of Prenatal and Postnatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Children.  Arch Dis Child ,  88 , 1086-1090.

Woolbright, L. A. (1994). The effects of maternal smoking on infant health. Population Research and Policy Review ,  13 (3), 327-339.

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Essay on Smoking

500 words essay on  smoking.

One of the most common problems we are facing in today’s world which is killing people is smoking. A lot of people pick up this habit because of stress , personal issues and more. In fact, some even begin showing it off. When someone smokes a cigarette, they not only hurt themselves but everyone around them. It has many ill-effects on the human body which we will go through in the essay on smoking.

Ill-Effects of Smoking

Tobacco can have a disastrous impact on our health. Nonetheless, people consume it daily for a long period of time till it’s too late. Nearly one billion people in the whole world smoke. It is a shocking figure as that 1 billion puts millions of people at risk along with themselves.

Cigarettes have a major impact on the lungs. Around a third of all cancer cases happen due to smoking. For instance, it can affect breathing and causes shortness of breath and coughing. Further, it also increases the risk of respiratory tract infection which ultimately reduces the quality of life.

In addition to these serious health consequences, smoking impacts the well-being of a person as well. It alters the sense of smell and taste. Further, it also reduces the ability to perform physical exercises.

It also hampers your physical appearances like giving yellow teeth and aged skin. You also get a greater risk of depression or anxiety . Smoking also affects our relationship with our family, friends and colleagues.

Most importantly, it is also an expensive habit. In other words, it entails heavy financial costs. Even though some people don’t have money to get by, they waste it on cigarettes because of their addiction.

How to Quit Smoking?

There are many ways through which one can quit smoking. The first one is preparing for the day when you will quit. It is not easy to quit a habit abruptly, so set a date to give yourself time to prepare mentally.

Further, you can also use NRTs for your nicotine dependence. They can reduce your craving and withdrawal symptoms. NRTs like skin patches, chewing gums, lozenges, nasal spray and inhalers can help greatly.

Moreover, you can also consider non-nicotine medications. They require a prescription so it is essential to talk to your doctor to get access to it. Most importantly, seek behavioural support. To tackle your dependence on nicotine, it is essential to get counselling services, self-materials or more to get through this phase.

One can also try alternative therapies if they want to try them. There is no harm in trying as long as you are determined to quit smoking. For instance, filters, smoking deterrents, e-cigarettes, acupuncture, cold laser therapy, yoga and more can work for some people.

Always remember that you cannot quit smoking instantly as it will be bad for you as well. Try cutting down on it and then slowly and steadily give it up altogether.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Conclusion of the Essay on Smoking

Thus, if anyone is a slave to cigarettes, it is essential for them to understand that it is never too late to stop smoking. With the help and a good action plan, anyone can quit it for good. Moreover, the benefits will be evident within a few days of quitting.

FAQ of Essay on Smoking

Question 1: What are the effects of smoking?

Answer 1: Smoking has major effects like cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, and more. It also increases the risk for tuberculosis, certain eye diseases, and problems with the immune system .

Question 2: Why should we avoid smoking?

Answer 2: We must avoid smoking as it can lengthen your life expectancy. Moreover, by not smoking, you decrease your risk of disease which includes lung cancer, throat cancer, heart disease, high blood pressure, and more.

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Smoking Cause and Effect Essay Sample – Disadvantages of Smoking

Smoking is a major cause of death in the USA. It causes cancer, heart disease, and stroke which are all very serious illnesses that can lead to premature death. With so many people smoking cigarettes or other tobacco products, it’s no wonder that these illnesses exist. This essay will discuss different aspects of smoking and how it affects you on a day-to-day basis as well as long-term effects such as cancer and heart disease.

Essay Example on Smoking (Dangers of Smoking)

• Thesis Statement of Smoking Essay
• Introduction of Smoking Essay
• Smoking and its causes and effects
• The harmful substances found in a cigarette
• The effects of smoking on pregnant women

Thesis Statement of Smoking Essay Smoking cigarettes is one of the leading causes of premature death in the United States. Whether being caused by cancer, heart disease, or stroke it’s no wonder that many are unaware of just how dangerous smoking really is. Introduction of Smoking Essay The most dangerous problem that is continuously responsible for killing people is smoking. This is a problem of not any one or two or group of countries but it is affecting the people globally. People are very well aware of the serious effects caused by it, but then too they get addicted to it. Sometimes people just start it as fun and it ends as an addiction to the person. There are various local and international brands available for people to smoke but all have bad impacts of their own. Main Body of Smoking Essay Smoking and its causes and effects As we discussed above that sometimes people start smoking just as fun. But there are people who start smoking because of high BP, personal issues, stress, etc. Smoking helps them to cope up with their tensions. Many students and boys start smoking just because of their bad friend circle and to show off. One-Time smoking can lead to more smoking which also acts as supreme addiction. The reason for attracting smoking teenagers is that they want to stay fit. They see their friends smoking and think that it makes them look cool amongst their friends. Also, it makes them free from all the tensions and worries. It causes major health problems in human beings. Cigarettes are a rich source of nicotine and carbon monoxide that has very bad and intense effects on the heart and lungs. If pregnant women engage in consuming cigarettes. It can have a very impact on them such as: Growing risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Placental abnormalities Premature rupture of membranes Preterm delivery Low birth weight babies The people who smoke look normally older as of their actual age because of reason that their blood vessels are half blocked and calcified. Placental abruptions are the most commonly found health problems in people indulging in smoking. Cigarette contains a great amount of carbon monoxide. As people smoke, the oxygen present in their blood is replaced by carbon monoxide that causes serious health problems. Get Non-Plagiarized Custom Essay on Smoking in USA Order Now Smoking is also responsible for lowering down the blood in the human heart. And it creates a high pressure on the heart to continue its normal functioning. It results in high blood pressure in the person. Cigarette consumption has a great impact on the cardiovascular system of a person. Damaging the cardiovascular system also results in high blood pressure and hypertension. It also causes many heart diseases. Cigarette also consists of tobacco which inside contains tobacco and many other harmful chemicals. Nicotine is responsible for narrowing down the blood vessel as compared to its normal size. The narrow blood vessels are responsible for causing hypertension which in turn results in paralysis and heart strokes. Cigarette smoking also badly impacts the quality of blood of a person. It also can increase the cholesterol level of the smoker and is also responsible for making clots in the heart. All these can also affect other parts of the body and can also cause a heart attack. Also see: Free Sample Essay on Breast Cancer The cigarette contains a combination of nicotine and carbon monoxide that results in anxious heart blood vessels and increased heart rate. It also restricts the transmission of oxygen to other different parts of the body of a person. Cigarette smoking also increases the risks of death of a person. There are lakhs of people who die per year all over the world because of smoking. We can also say smoking is a slow poison. Buy Customized Essay on Smoking At Cheapest Price Order Now The harmful substances found in a cigarette The cigarette which is loved to get consumed by people every day worldwide contains more than 4000 toxic and harmful substances. They are: Tar that is present inroads Hydrazine and Methanol that both are present in rocket fuel Carbon monoxide that is present in car fumes Butane that is present in lighter fluid Benzene that is present in rubber cement Ammonia that is present in household cleansers The acetic acid that is present in hair dye developer Arsenic that is present in rat poisons The effects of smoking on pregnant women If a pregnant lady smokes, it refrains the amount of nutrition that a newborn baby can get from his mother. It causes major problems in late pregnancy when the development of the baby is becoming very slow. The nicotine present in the cigarette has a bad impact on the development of nerve cells. It can also lead to problems such as brain malformations etc. Babies born from mothers who smoke can bear prematurely and may face serious learning problems in the whole of their lives. Conclusion Smoking is a very bad habit that once adopted by a person is tough to drop out. But it is very necessary for human beings to quit this bad habit to prevent themselves from dangerous diseases. A person has to accomplish practices of months to stop affecting from such problems. The school or college or young generation who smoke because of fashion, they should now understand the fact that it can damage your body from inside and may lead to serious problems. A single bad habit can lead you to harmful diseases such as cancer. Hire USA Experts for Smoking Essay Order Now

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This essay has discussed some of the main causes and effects of smoking on your body. The dangers of smoking, the effects on health and society are all negative.

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• Cause and effect essay on smoking

Causes and Effects of Smoking

Smoking is considered as one of the most dangerous habits of an individual, especially for women and children eventually leading to several complications and causing grave health problems. There are numerous harmful as well as dangerous effects related with smoking. Carbon monoxide and nicotine in cigarette smoking has been related with several adverse impacts on lungs and heart. For example, in pregnant women it can eventually result in grave outcomes including; low birth weight babies, preterm delivery; premature rupture of membranes, placental abnormalities, and increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. It is pertinent to mention that smoking causes vascular diseases that in turns affect flow of blood through the placenta. Smokers, in fact, look older than they actually are because the blood vessels are partially obstructed and calcified. The complications resulting from placental abruption are more common in smokers.

As mentioned above, smoking cigarette includes carbon monoxide. Since carbon monoxide is the replacement for oxygen in the blood during smoking, there are some fetuses that could attempt to compensate for this particular deprivation by creating extra red blood cells for the purpose of carrying extra oxygen. In some extraordinary cases, the blood gets thicker from the proliferation of such cells and ultimately cuts off the supply of blood to critical organs with fatal results.

Smoking causes a person's heart to run in overdrive and ultimately there is a shortage of oxygen in heart. Heart then has to work more for maintaining supply to the entire human body. The blood vessels are narrowed causing high blood pressure. Moreover, smoking impacts the cardiovascular system of human beings which also becomes a cause of high blood pressure or hypertension. The effect of high blood pressure is heart related diseases.

Cigarettes contain tobacco which, in turn, possesses nicotine and different other toxic chemicals. These chemicals cause blood vessel to be narrower than normal. When blood passes through these narrow vessels it creates extra pressure and results in hypertension having some serious effects on human body including heart strokes and paralysis. Cigarettes causes deterioration in quality of blood and increases cholesterol level, at times, also creates clots in the heart. The effect of increased level of cholesterol and creation of clots in blood is also heart attack as well as impacting other parts of body.

The combination of carbon monoxide and nicotine especially in cigarettes causes increase heart rate and strained heart blood vessels. It cuts off supply of oxygen to other parts of human body including hands and feet, and limbs. These causes have grave effects on entire human body and increase chances of death. In fact, hundreds of thousands of people die every year, around the world, due to smoking. Smoking is considered as a slow way of death. For example, it causes emphysema that slowly but continuously effects lungs. The effect of emphysema is repeated attacks of bronchitis, lung-diseases and heart failure.

Nicotine in blood causes shortage of oxygen in the human body which, in turn, exerts pressure on heart. Moreover, it blocks the arteries and causes damage to the blood vessels. The damage effects flow of blood and increase blood pressure. Chemicals present in tobacco causes damage to the lining of blood vessels that effects fats level and increase the risk of atheroma being a major cause of heart diseases.

Smoking during Pregnancy

Smoking limits, unfortunately, restricts the overall nutrition that a newly-born baby is able to receive. This can be specifically detrimental in late pregnancy when the brain of baby is swiftly developing. Furthermore, evidence suggests that nicotine has a direct adverse effect on developing nerve cells. Small doses, in animals, of nicotine injected into the mother in pregnancy normally result in brain malformations, learning problems, and poor functioning.

Studies have revealed the fact that women exposed to nicotine in pregnancy are more likely to show behavioral and learning problems years later. Babies born too small or prematurely for their gestational age may end up confronting learning problems their entire lives. Smokeless tobacco also includes nicotine. The quantity of nicotine absorbed is generally more than the quantity delivered by any cigarette. People, who chew or dip, receive about the similar quantity of nicotine as regular smokers.

The most dangerous substances causing substances in smokeless tobacco are known as 'tobacco-specific nitrosamines' that are found at levels hundred times higher compared with the nitrosamines allowed in beer, bacon, and different other foods. The juice resulted from the smokeless tobacco is, in fact, absorbed through the lining of the mouth. This creates white patches and sores that mostly lead to cancer of the mouth. Users of smokeless tobacco significantly increase their risk of other cancers. Other effects of smokeless tobacco use include stained teeth and filings, chronic bad breath, tooth decay, gum disease, tooth abrasion tooth loss, and loss of bone in the jaw. They could also have problems with high blood pressure and are exposed to the increased risk for heart disease.

Smokers have comparatively great risk of ectopic pregnancy- a pregnancy just outside the uterus- and also miscarriage. This risk exist more in smokers compared with non-smokers. It is most likely that smokers may develop other complications like more risk of infections. Discontinuing the habit of smoking during pregnancy is beneficial; however, ceasing right from the time it is planned or at the start of the pregnancy is considered wiser. Any pregnant women can be successful in giving up the habit of smoking; however, she may need sympathetic motivation-mental support and health.

Smoking during pregnancy causes certain complications such as detachment of placenta, bleeding, and premature birth. It produces effects not only on mother but also newly-born baby along with increased chances of abortion. Studies have shown that, in case of pregnant women, nicotine has more grave effects compared with heroine or similar drugs. Nicotine in smoking effects newly-born baby because blood is directly sent to the placenta through arteries and spans resulting from it can reduce the amount of oxygen received by the baby. Resultantly, chances of low-birth rate are more. Moreover, premature delivery can eventually lead to disastrous health conditions of both mother and baby, for example, cerebral palsy, metal retardation, and in some cases death.

Persuasive Essay Guide

Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Persuasive Essay About Smoking - Making a Powerful Argument with Examples

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Are you wondering how to write your next persuasive essay about smoking?

Smoking has been one of the most controversial topics in our society for years. It is associated with many health risks and can be seen as a danger to both individuals and communities.

Writing an effective persuasive essay about smoking can help sway public opinion. It can also encourage people to make healthier choices and stop smoking. 

But where do you begin?

In this blog, we’ll provide some examples to get you started. So read on to get inspired!

• 1. What You Need To Know About Persuasive Essay
• 2. Persuasive Essay Examples About Smoking
• 3. Argumentative Essay About Smoking Examples
• 4. Tips for Writing a Persuasive Essay About Smoking

What You Need To Know About Persuasive Essay

A persuasive essay is a type of writing that aims to convince its readers to take a certain stance or action. It often uses logical arguments and evidence to back up its argument in order to persuade readers.

It also utilizes rhetorical techniques such as ethos, pathos, and logos to make the argument more convincing. In other words, persuasive essays use facts and evidence as well as emotion to make their points.

A persuasive essay about smoking would use these techniques to convince its readers about any point about smoking. Check out an example below:

Simple persuasive essay about smoking

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Persuasive Essay Examples About Smoking

Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death in the world. It leads to adverse health effects, including lung cancer, heart disease, and damage to the respiratory tract. However, the number of people who smoke cigarettes has been on the rise globally.

A lot has been written on topics related to the effects of smoking. Reading essays about it can help you get an idea of what makes a good persuasive essay.

Here are some sample persuasive essays about smoking that you can use as inspiration for your own writing:

Persuasive speech on smoking outline

Persuasive essay about smoking should be banned

Persuasive essay about smoking pdf

Persuasive essay about smoking cannot relieve stress

Persuasive essay about smoking in public places

Speech about smoking is dangerous

Persuasive Essay About Smoking Introduction

Persuasive Essay About Stop Smoking

Short Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Stop Smoking Persuasive Speech

Check out some more persuasive essay examples on various other topics.

Argumentative Essay About Smoking Examples

An argumentative essay is a type of essay that uses facts and logical arguments to back up a point. It is similar to a persuasive essay but differs in that it utilizes more evidence than emotion.

If you’re looking to write an argumentative essay about smoking, here are some examples to get you started on the arguments of why you should not smoke.

Argumentative essay about smoking pdf

Argumentative essay about smoking in public places

Argumentative essay about smoking introduction

Check out the video below to find useful arguments against smoking:

Tips for Writing a Persuasive Essay About Smoking

You have read some examples of persuasive and argumentative essays about smoking. Now here are some tips that will help you craft a powerful essay on this topic.

Choose a Specific Angle

Select a particular perspective on the issue that you can use to form your argument. When talking about smoking, you can focus on any aspect such as the health risks, economic costs, or environmental impact.

Think about how you want to approach the topic. For instance, you could write about why smoking should be banned. 

Check out the list of persuasive essay topics to help you while you are thinking of an angle to choose!

Research the Facts

Before writing your essay, make sure to research the facts about smoking. This will give you reliable information to use in your arguments and evidence for why people should avoid smoking.

You can find and use credible data and information from reputable sources such as government websites, health organizations, and scientific studies. 

For instance, you should gather facts about health issues and negative effects of tobacco if arguing against smoking. Moreover, you should use and cite sources carefully.

Paper Due? Why Suffer? That's our Job!

Make an Outline

The next step is to create an outline for your essay. This will help you organize your thoughts and make sure that all the points in your essay flow together logically.

Your outline should include the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. This will help ensure that your essay has a clear structure and argument.

Use Persuasive Language

When writing your essay, make sure to use persuasive language such as “it is necessary” or “people must be aware”. This will help you convey your message more effectively and emphasize the importance of your point.

Also, don’t forget to use rhetorical devices such as ethos, pathos, and logos to make your arguments more convincing. That is, you should incorporate emotion, personal experience, and logic into your arguments.

Introduce Opposing Arguments

Another important tip when writing a persuasive essay on smoking is to introduce opposing arguments. It will show that you are aware of the counterarguments and can provide evidence to refute them. This will help you strengthen your argument.

By doing this, your essay will come off as more balanced and objective, making it more convincing.

Finish Strong

Finally, make sure to finish your essay with a powerful conclusion. This will help you leave a lasting impression on your readers and reinforce the main points of your argument. You can end by summarizing the key points or giving some advice to the reader.

A powerful conclusion could either include food for thought or a call to action. So be sure to use persuasive language and make your conclusion strong.

To conclude,

By following these tips, you can write an effective and persuasive essay on smoking. Remember to research the facts, make an outline, and use persuasive language.

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Cause And Effect Of Smoking Essay

Type of paper: Essay

Topic: Smoking , Health , Medicine , United States , People , Sociology , Cigarettes , Tobacco

Words: 1100

Published: 02/07/2021

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Smoking has greatly affected billions of people all over the world and it became one of the greatest issues in the 21st century affecting billions of people. The health issue caused by smoking has been the greatest concern of the health providers. It is the challenge for them to strictly provide the standard healthcare caused by the smoking. Smoking is one of the vices most people engaged into. Smoking is also a way of spending time to relax as a pleasure. Smokers cannot refuse from smoking because it became their habit and they cannot resist tasting the different brands available in the market. In addition, the cigarette substance can stimulate the eagerness of the user to smoke more often. Scientifically, smoking is addictive to everyone who used the product. Cigarettes contain nicotine that is highly addictive to human. The majority of the scientists support the idea that smoking is detrimental to the health of the individuals. Some surveys have shown that smoking has nothing to do with the perspective that it is a way to enjoy life. However, it is evident that smoking is one of the fashionable trends in the business world. The businessmen and the company gained more profits from selling or manufacturing cigarettes. In accordance with the several studies conducted, the most common causes of smoking is socializing with other smokers regularly and smoking directly. Consequently, regular smoking leads to negative effects such as health issues, financial issues, and other social issues related to smoking. Certainly, the majority of the scientists argued that smoking has negative effects on the health of the people . Medical studies proved that smoking can cause several diseases and in most cases, fatal to the human body. Smokers are at high risk of acquiring chronic diseases such as heart attack, erectile dysfunction, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD. According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Society that, approximately 5 percent of infant mortality caused by exposure of the mother to smoking during pregnancy . Cigarette smoking causes more than 480,000 deaths each year in the United States. In addition, smoking can cause a sudden infant death syndrome and low birth rate. Among the diseases smokers can acquire are respiratory cancers (lungs, mouth, throat, etc.), cervical cancer, kidney, and even leukemia. Even the non-smokers can also acquire similar health problems when expose to the smoking environment. Passive smoking is more detrimental than active smoking and the negative health effects are similar. Recently, reports indicated that 25 percent American smokers have cancers; young and adult . While 3 percent of Americans are non-smokers; however, acquired the chronic disease and caused death. Another illness caused by smoking is emphysema; a peripheral vascular disease leading to heart attack. Smoking is the biggest cause of preventable deaths in different countries all over the world. One of the effects of smoking is financial issues; smokers spend the large amount of money just to satisfy their urge in smoking. Indeed, smoking is one of the expensive habits . Annually, in the corporate world, reports show that tobacco industries gained large profits in the market. Most tobacco companies advertise their products to convince consumers to patronize their goods. The American Medical Association conducted a survey; the result shows that a single smoker spent 1,500 US dollars a year in smoking alone. Overly spend the amount in smoking is a burden financially. The CostofSmoking.com, one of the online surveys reported that, 10 percent of the smokers tend to spend 15 percent of their time on smoking. The percentage of their time spent in smoking can be explained during office breaks and spare time at work, at home or anywhere. The public are aware of the social issues smokers’ are facing. Commonly, most people, especially non-smokers avoid those who smoke in public places. Their avoidance is a sign of discrimination with possible reasons. This kind of treatment leads to misunderstanding of both parties. The other social issue is that regular smokers find it difficult to smoke in the free-smoking zones such as cinemas, shopping malls, and other restricted smoking areas or indoor areas in the community. Smoking is not allowed on the premises that mean smokers stay outside. Consequently, the smokers’ social interaction is limited. Smokers are absolutely facing many social issues. Most people are aware of the negative effects of smoking; parents or adults has been informing majority of the young children that smoking is dangerous to the health of human being or smoking is bad for the health and can cause negative health effects. However, the smokers still engage in smoking despite some extremely negative impacts on their health. Advertisements or social media contribute to their interest to smoke regularly. At times, some non-smokers tend to change their lifestyle when constantly expose to a smoking environment or influence by their friends who have smoking habit. One way to eliminate or simply minimize the smokers in the community is to ban smoking or strict rules and regulations should be implemented consistently. Young children are not allowed to purchase cigarette and parents or adults are responsible to guide them. Noticeably, smoking is always perceived as a negative habit based on debates and discussion over the radio, on television or other social media. Only few are favorable in smoking, only those who are engaged in the product for pleasure and source of living and they viewed smoking as an advantage. Even they know the negative effects to the body; some people still ignore it because the most important to them is to gain more profits. Manufacturing tobacco is one of the contributing factors to the development of the economy. Manufacturers need workers and by providing job to the unemployed is a good sign of progress. On the contrary, the effects of smoking are harmful to individuals affecting them physically, socially, and financially. It surely damages every healthy body gradually. Smoking caused great damages to the health of the individuals and the entire humanity. It is clear that despite the serious difficulties that the majority of people undergo while making attempts to give up smoking, they should still pass through this trial since smoking habit causes dreadful consequences. Thus, it is more beneficial to quit the smoking habit for a healthier life.

Works Cited

Brooks, Ashley, et al. "Cigars, Cigarettes, and Adolescents." American Journal of Health Behavior 32.6 (2008): 640-649. King, Brian., et al. "Current Tobacco Use Among Adults in the United States: Findings from the National Adult Tobacco Survey." American Journal of Public Health (2012). Parrott, Andy. "Does cigarette smoking cause stress?" American Psychologist 54.10 (1999): 817-820. Tonstad, Serena et al. "Effect of maintenance therapy with varenicline on smoking cessation. A randomized controlled trial." JAMA 296 (2006): 64-71.

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Causes and Effects of Smoking in Public Essay

Introduction, core problems.

Smoking in public places has been banned in most parts of the world. Some people smoke publicly simply because this is their personal lifestyles and individual choice on which they should not be victimized. However the right to smoke as one pleases could greatly be countered by another person’s lifestyle of the right to breathing smokeless air. Recent researches have shown that those who do not smoke are at risk of being exposed to the same carcinogens which are cancer causing as those who are active smokers and they smoke in public settings.

The environmental tobacco smoke is known to contain more than 4000 chemicals and at least 40 carcinogens that are known. The research has further indicated that the carcinogens are in higher concentrations in the second hand smoke rather than in the mainstream smoke which makes it more harmful for people to smoke publicly. This is because there are very harmful effects that follow on the smokers themselves and to those who inhale the second hand smoke. One of the major effects for smoking in public places is that it causes a higher risk of cancer, emphysema heart diseases and other acute and chronic diseases. Cigarette smoking is known to increase the aggregation of blood platelets or the clotting of blood. It also damages the endolithium a layer of cells in the blood vessels. Due to public smoking, the second hand smoke has been a triggering factor for the heart attacks and there have been an increased number of heart attack hospitalizations and even deaths from the smoke effects. For the smokers and the non smokers who inhale the fumes they are at a greater risk of developing heart diseases especially if one has high blood pressure. Another effect of smoking in the public places is that there are increased risks of fire break outs in the areas that have any explosive hazards or even where there is handling of flammable materials. Similarly when smokers smoke publicly they increase the risk of contamination in places where pharmaceuticals and foods are manufactured and prepared for human consumption.

On the other hand smokers litter around without considering the environmental effects and this causes the environment to be hazardous. Public smoking also affects the air quality in public establishments where some respirable suspended particles are released thus enhancing air pollution and also increasing the toxin exposure to human beings. Public smoking on the other hand has made many businesses to suffer directly or indirectly due to the loss of customers especially in establishments like hotels which encourage smoking in their premises. Public smoking similarly affects people from vulnerable groups such as the children, the pregnant women and also the disabled who are unable to choose their environments.

There is a more serious concern that the banning of a smoking in public places may lead to an increased rate of smoking in the homes and this could be more hazardous especially when there is the presence of small children. Passive smoke contains very strong sensitizers and irritants and many children as well as adults the suffer a lot of irritation and other acute effects when they are exposed to secondhand smoke.In addition to this there is increasing evidence that an individuals exposure to passive smoke can affect the cardiovascular system. (Scollo, 2003).

Smoking publicly has negative effects on the health of those who work in the public places especially the bars workers. On the contrary smoking in public places brings a sense of belonging and identity to those who smoke since they can easily identify with other public smokers in the public setting as they share similar habits. Public smoking needs to be controlled so as to reduce the negative effects that come as a result of the exposure of individuals to the fumes. (The New York Times, 2003).

Scollo, M. (2003): Review of the quality of studies on the economic effects of smoke-free policies on the hospitality industry. Tobacco Control, pgs 13-20.

The New York Times (2003): Bars and Restaurants Thrive Amid Smoking Ban, New York Times Archives.

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IvyPanda. (2021, September 11). Causes and Effects of Smoking in Public. https://ivypanda.com/essays/causes-and-effects-of-smoking-in-public/

"Causes and Effects of Smoking in Public." IvyPanda , 11 Sept. 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/causes-and-effects-of-smoking-in-public/.

IvyPanda . (2021) 'Causes and Effects of Smoking in Public'. 11 September.

IvyPanda . 2021. "Causes and Effects of Smoking in Public." September 11, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/causes-and-effects-of-smoking-in-public/.

1. IvyPanda . "Causes and Effects of Smoking in Public." September 11, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/causes-and-effects-of-smoking-in-public/.

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Free Cause and Effect Essay on Smoking

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Smoking Cause and Effect Essay Outline

Introduction  .

Thesis: To understand the social and health implications of smoking it is essential to look into some of its causes and effects.

Paragraph 1:

Peer pressure is the most prevalent cause of smoking.

• Most people start smoking through the influence of their friends,
• Smoking begins when most people are young; that is during adolescence and in their early twenties.
• Quitting smoking due to addiction is difficult.

Paragraph 2:

Parenting style determines whether or not one will be a smoker.

• A child whose parents were smokers is highly likely to become a smoker.
• Children take after their parents’ behaviors.

Paragraph 3:

People are duped into believing that smoking relieves stress.

• People engage in smoking as a way of managing stress.
• Smoking does not relieve stress; instead, it increases it.
• The level of stress in smokers is higher compared to non-smokers.

Paragraph 4:

Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer in the world.

• Smoking causes cancer both in active and passive smokers.
• Smoking also causes anxiety on the victim.
• Smoking damages the lining of one’s lungs thus causing lung cancer.
• Continued smoking leads to permanent damage to lung tissues.

Paragraph 5:

Smoking causes loss of sight.

• Cataracts are the number one cause of blindness in the world.
• Smokers are twice at the risk of developing cataracts than non-smokers.
• AMD is the leading cause of permanent blindness in people aged 65years and above.
• Smokers are three times likely to develop AMD than non-smokers.

Paragraph 6:

Smoking is one of the major causes of type-2 diabetes.

• 40% of smokers are likely to develop type-2 diabetes.
• Diabetic smokers make it hard to control the disease progress and insulin levels thus increasing their chances of dying from the disease.
• Diabetic smokers are also likely to suffer from other health complications linked to diabetes such as heart failure, kidney problems, high blood pressure, retinopathy, and peripheral neuropathy.

Paragraph 7:

Smoking is the number one cause of death in the US among all the causes of preventable deaths.

• 480,000 deaths in the country are caused by cigarette smoking each year.
• This translates to 20% of the total yearly deaths.

Conclusion:

Smoking is a general lifestyle behavior among young people. People engage in the practice as a way of having fun. Peer pressure is one of the leading factors that drive people to smoke. Parenting style also contributes to the chances of one becoming a smoker. Most people underestimate the health risks associated with smoking. Lung cancer, blindness, and type-2 diabetes are some of the few health effects attributed to smoking.

Learn how to write a cause and effect essay that will get you good grades.

Cause and Effect Essay on Smoking

Introduction.

Smoking is considered a lifestyle behavior. Many people engage in the practice without the awareness of the health risks it is associated with. Smoking is one of the most addictive lifestyle behaviors and has life-changing implications. It has been termed as one of the most significant health challenges that health organizations are facing today (Onor et al., 2017). According to reports by World Health Organization, there were more than 1 billion smokers all over the world in 2014. To understand the social and health implications of smoking, it is essential to look into some of its causes and effects.

Peer pressure is the most prevalent cause of smoking. According to research, most smokers start the smoking habit at a tender age. During adolescence and in the early twenties, most people are infatuated with friendships (Ukwayi, Eja & Unwanede, 2012). At this stage in life, friends hold great value and meaning in individuals. It is at this age that most people are either in their final years in high school or just starting off in college. Most young people particularly those at the college and high school levels engage in various dangerous and life-harming activities, one of which is smoking (Ukwayi, Eja & Unwanede, 2012). Often, their intent is not to become smokers but to enjoy the experience of being young and feel a celebrated status over their peers. If one belongs to a group whose members are smokers, then they too will likely start smoking (Ukwayi, Eja & Unwanede, 2012). Later in life, such people try to drop the smoking behavior, but it becomes challenging due to withdrawal effects.

Parenting style is another factor that may determine whether or not one will become a smoker. The manner in which a child is raised contributes significantly to their behavior as adults (Gilman et al., 2009). Most children look up to their parents and will adopt most of the lifestyle behaviors portrayed by the parents (Gilman et al., 2009). There are parents who have the habit of smoking in the presence of their children, a behavior which is utterly irresponsible (Gilman et al., 2009). Children get the idea that smoking is not unhealthy if their parents do it in their presence (Gilman et al., 2009). Once such children grow up, they develop a liking for tobacco smoking without knowing that it is an unhealthy lifestyle behavior.

There is also a misconception that smoking acts as strain reliever. This delusion blinds most people that smoking helps one relieve stress. Many people therefore find themselves engaging in the habit as a stress management strategy (Choi, Ota & Watanuki, 2015). Noteworthy, continued smoking leads to addiction, thereby making it very difficult for one to do away with the habit once they start it. Research has shown that smoking does not relieve stress, instead it increases it (Choi, Ota & Watanuki, 2015). The level of stress in smokers is twice as high as that in non-smokers.

Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer in the world, according to research. The practice is likely to cause lung cancer both in active and passive smokers. Passive smokers are people who do not smoke but are exposed to cigarette smoke (Onor et al., 2017). According to medics, smoking damages the lining of one’s lungs thus causing lung cancer. When one inhales cigarette smoke, which consists of cancer-causing carcinogens, lung tissues start changing immediately (Onor et al., 2017). If one smokes for a small period then quits, the lung tissues will repair themselves thus reducing the chances of contracting lung cancer (Onor et al., 2017). However, continued smoking leads to permanent damage of the lung tissues to the extent that they become irreparable. These damages accelerate the development of lung cancer.

Smoking also causes loss of sight. According to medical research, cataracts are the number one cause of blindness in the world. Cataract is the blurring of the eyes standard lens. Studies reveal that smokers are twice at the risk of developing cataracts than non-smokers (Kennedy et al., 2017). Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) has an impact on the retina, which is the part of the eye that is responsible for the sharp vision that people use while driving and reading. AMD has been termed as the leading cause of permanent blindness in people aged 65years and above (Kennedy et al., 2017). Research shows that smokers are three times likely to develop AMD than non-smokers (Kennedy et al., 2017). However, if one quits smoking at an early stage, the damage caused to the eyes is repairable, but prolonged smoking leads to increased destruction of the eyes that in turn translates to permanent blindness.

Further, smoking is one of the major causes of type-2 diabetes. Research shows that 40% of smokers are likely to develop type-2 diabetes (Onor et al., 2017). Diabetic people who smoke are likely to experience difficulties in managing insulin levels in their bodies even with prescribed medications. Since increased smoking leads to increased chances of developing type-2 diabetes, diabetic smokers make it hard to control the disease’s progress and insulin levels thus increasing their chances of dying from it (Onor et al., 2017). Diabetic smokers are also likely to suffer from other health complications linked to diabetes such as heart failure, kidney problems, high blood pressure, retinopathy, and peripheral neuropathy (Onor et al., 2017). For a diabetic person, quitting smoking can help control insulin levels in the body.

Even more disheartening is the fact that even though preventable, cigarette smoking is the number one cause of death in the US among all the causes of deaths that are preventable. The same applies to the United Kingdom. In the US alone, 480,000 deaths are caused by cigarette smoking each year, translating to 20% of the total yearly deaths ( Marshall , 2016). The total deaths resulting from a combination of the following causes every year is less than the number of deaths caused by cigarette smoking: firearm-related accidents, motor vehicle injuries, alcohol use, illegal drug use, and HIV. This further shows the seriousness of the effects of smoking on human health.

Smoking is a general lifestyle behavior among young and older people alike. People engage in the practice as a way of having fun. Peer pressure is one of the leading factors that drive people to smoke. Parenting style also contributes to the chances of one becoming a smoker. Many people underestimate the health risks associated with smoking. Lung cancer, blindness, and type-2 diabetes are some of the health effects associated with this habit.

Choi, D., Ota, S., & Watanuki, S. (2015). Does cigarette smoking relieve stress? Evidence from the event-related potential (ERP).  International Journal of Psychophysiology ,  98 (3), 470-476.

Gilman, S. E., Rende, R., Boergers, J., Abrams, D. B., Buka, S. L., Clark, M. A., … & Lloyd-Richardson, E. E. (2009). Parental smoking and adolescent smoking initiation: an intergenerational perspective on tobacco control.  Pediatrics ,  123 (2), e274-e281.

Kennedy, R. D., Hammond, D., Spafford, M. M., Douglas, O., Brûlé, J., Fong, G. T., & Schultz, A. S. (2016). Educating smokers about the risk of blindness–insights to improve tobacco product health warning labels.  Tobacco Induced Diseases ,  14 (1), 30.

Marshall, T. (2016). Public opinion, public policy, and smoking: the transformation of American attitudes and cigarette use, 1890–2016 (1st ed.) . Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

Onor, I. O., Stirling, D. L., Williams, S. R., Bediako, D., Borghol, A., Harris, M. B., … & Sarpong, D. F. (2017). Clinical effects of cigarette smoking: epidemiologic impact and review of pharmacotherapy options.  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ,  14 (10), 1147.

Ukwayi, J. K., Eja, O. F., & Unwanede, C. C. (2012). Peer pressure and tobacco smoking among undergraduate students of the University of Calabar, Cross River State.  Higher Education Studies ,  2 (3), 92.

Smoking Essay 2: The Effects of Smoking on Health and Social Care

A sample smoking essay outline.

Thesis:  Smoking is harmful to nearly all body organs and thus quitting has health benefits.

Smoking damages the human heart and interferes with normal blood circulation.

• This increases the risks of such conditions as cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, heart attack, and coronary heart disease.
• The heart is made to work faster and thereby strained.
• The cigarette contents increase the risks of blood clots.
• Smoking leads to furring of the coronary arteries.

Paragraph 2: 

Smoking can cause lung disease.

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the lung diseases.
• Most cases of lung cancer are caused by smoking.
• An attack can be triggered or made worse by tobacco smoke in asthmatic people.

Smoking can cause serious damages to the mouth and throat.

• It can cause strained teeth, bad breath and gum disease.
• It causes an increased cancer risk in the gullet, voice box, throat, tongue, and lips.

Smoking can make a woman to experience difficulties in becoming pregnant.

• There are higher risks for a pregnant smoker to miscarry.
• They may have their baby born with a cleft palate and/or cleft lip,
• They may give birth before time to a baby with an abnormally low birth weight,
• They may have an ectopic pregnancy.

Quitting smoking reduces the risk of many diseases caused by the habit.

• Reduced chances of dying from illnesses that are smoking-related
• Quitters have substantial life expectancy gains in comparison to those who continue to smoke.

Paragraph 6: 

It is only through quitting that one would be free from the problems caused by smoking.

• Set the stage to quit by mentally preparing oneself.
• Control cravings of smoking by using nicotine replacement products.
• Apply SmokEnders’ behavioral changes in completely breaking emotional bonds developed between smokers and cigarettes.

Smoking affects almost every organ of the human body and is thus detrimental to health. It causes fatal diseases such as cancer, heart disease, COPD, and can also damage the mouth and throat. Quitting is highly recommendable.

Smoking Essay Sample

The harmful effects of smoking on health and social care essay.

There are many chemicals contained in tobacco smoke that pose health risks both to smokers and nonsmokers. It can be harmful to even breathe a little tobacco smoke. “Of the more than 7,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 250 are known to be harmful, including hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and ammonia” (National Cancer Institute, 2017). At least 69 of these 250 known harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke cause cancer. This explains why cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable premature deaths in the United States. Overall, smoking is harmful to nearly all body organs and thus quitting has health benefits.

Smoking damages the human heart and interferes with normal blood circulation. This increases the risks of such conditions as cerebrovascular disease (damage to arteries supplying blood to the brain), peripheral vascular disease (damaged blood vessels), stroke, heart attack, and coronary heart disease. The heart is made to work faster by nicotine and carbon monoxide from the smoke thereby straining it. The cigarette contents also increase the risks of one experiencing blood clots in their circulation system. In addition, smoking leads to furring of the coronary arteries as the lining of the arteries are damaged by other chemicals in the cigarette smoke. As a matter of fact, one faces a double risk of having a heart attack by smoking (NHS, 2018). Their risk of dying from coronary heart disease is also twice that of nonsmokers.

According to CDC (2018), “Smoking can cause lung disease by damaging your airways and the small air sacs (alveoli) found in your lungs.” Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the lung diseases caused by smoking and it includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It is also noteworthy that most cases of lung cancer are caused by smoking. An attack can be triggered or made worse by tobacco smoke in people who have asthma. Compared to nonsmokers, the chances of smokers dying from COPD are 12 to 13 times higher. Additionally, smoking causes a cancer that forms in the intestines (rectum or colon) known as colorectal cancer and is the second leading contributor to cancer deaths in the U.S. (American Lung Association, 2018). A smoker has higher risks of developing this type of cancer.

Smoking can also cause serious damages to the mouth and throat. It can cause such unattractive problems as strained teeth, bad breath, and gum disease, as well as damage one’s sense of taste. The most serious damage caused by smoking in the throat and mouth is an increased cancer risk in the gullet (esophagus), voice box, throat, tongue, and lips. This risk increases with an increase in the intake of tobacco contents. “More than 93% of oropharyngeal cancers (cancer in part of the throat) are caused by smoking” (NHS, 2018). This implies that nonsmokers have a greatly reduced risk of developing mouth and throat cancers.

Further, smoking can make a woman to experience difficulties in becoming pregnant. Even if they succeed at conceiving, there are higher risks for a pregnant smoker to miscarry. In addition, they may have their baby born with a cleft palate and/or cleft lip, they may give birth before time to a baby with an abnormally low birth weight, and they may also have an ectopic pregnancy. Moreover, if a woman smokes during or after pregnancy, her infant would have higher risks of dying from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) (National Cancer Institute, 2017). This implies that even after birth, a mother’s consumption of tobacco contents is harmful to the baby because the baby feeds from her breasts. Furthermore, according to CDC (2018), a pregnant smoker may likely experience stillbirth whereby her baby may die before birth.

Quitting smoking reduces the risk of many diseases caused by the habit, including COPD, heart disease, and cancer. Data from the U.S. National Health Interview Survey indicate that if one quits smoking, they have reduced chances of dying from illnesses that are smoking-related as compared to those who continues to smoke. “Smokers who quit before age 40 reduce their chance of dying prematurely from smoking-related diseases by about 90%, and those who quit by age 45-54 reduce their chance of dying prematurely by about two-thirds” (National Cancer Institute, 2017). Generally, quitters have substantial life expectancy gains in comparison to those who continue to smoke. According to the U.S. National Health Interview Survey, quitters aged between 25 and 34 live longer for about ten years, 35 and 44 for about nine years, 45 and 54 for about six years, and 55 and 64 for about four years.

It is therefore only through quitting that one would be free from the problems caused by smoking. In this respect, there can never be specific solutions to specific health problems caused by smoking; rather, the problems may be best addressed through solutions whose target would be to make one quit. One of the solutions, as suggested by Usman and Davidson (2016), would be to set the stage to quit by mentally preparing oneself. One may also quit by controlling cravings of smoking by using nicotine replacement products which should be used based on consultations with a doctor. Another solution may be to apply SmokEnders’ behavioral changes in completely breaking emotional bonds developed between smokers and cigarettes.

Smoking affects almost every organ of the human body and is thus detrimental to health. It causes fatal diseases such as cancer, heart disease, COPD, and can also damage the mouth and throat. It results into premature deaths that could otherwise be prevented. It also affects pregnant women who may experience increased risks of orofacial clefts in infants, ectopic pregnancy, sudden infant death syndrome, low birth weight, stillbirth, and preterm delivery. As such, quitting smoking has several health benefits and generally increases one’s life expectancy. This is so irrespective of the age at which one quits the habit.

American Lung Association. (2018). “10 health effects caused by smoking you didn’t know about”.  American Lung Association . Retrieved May 28, 2018 from  http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/tobacco/reports-resources/sotc/by-the-numbers/10-health-effects-caused-by-smoking.html

CDC. (2018). “Health effects of cigarette smoking”.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Retrieved May 28, 2018 from  https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/index.htm

National Cancer Institute. (2017). “Harms of cigarette smoking and health benefits of quitting”.  National Cancer Institute . Retrieved May 28, 2018 from  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/cessation-fact-sheet#q8

NHS. (2018). “How smoking affects your body”.  NHS . Retrieved May 28, 2018 from  https://www.nhs.uk/smokefree/why-quit/smoking-health-problems

Usman, M. & Davidson, J. (2016).  Tips on how to stop smoking . Mendon, MA: Mendon Cottage Books.

More examples of cause and effect essays;

• Environmental Sciences and Causes of Climate Change
• Essay Sample on Causes and Effects of Stress on Students

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