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Year 5: Forces

This list consists of lesson plans, activities and video clips to support the teaching of forces in Year Five. It contains tips on using the resources, suggestions for further use and background subject knowledge. Possible misconceptions are highlighted so that teachers may plan lessons to facilitate correct conceptual understanding. Designed to support the new curriculum programme of study it aims to cover many of the requirements for knowledge and understanding and working scientifically. The statutory requirements are that children are taught to:

• explain that unsupported objects fall towards the Earth because of the force of gravity acting between the Earth and the falling object

• identify the effects of air resistance, water resistance and friction, that act between moving surfaces

•  recognise that some mechanisms, including levers, pulleys and gears, allow a smaller force to have a greater effect.

Visit the primary science  webpage to access all lists.

Forces and Gravity

Quality Assured Category: Science Publisher: Institute of Physics

Children think of forces in terms of movement, not staying still. If an object is not moving they think that there are no forces acting upon it. This misconception may be challenged using the demonstration on slides 14-17. A ping pong ball is  prevented from falling to the ground by placing a straw on top of it and sucking some of the air out. The pressure of the air above the ball is lower than the pressure below it so the ball is prevented from being pulled down by gravity.    This video , which could be carried out in class also uses a ping pong ball to demonstrate forces in action.

Arrows are used to show the direction of forces acting on the object. It is important to place these arrows on the object as they act on objects. Quite often children will try to place the arrows next to or above the objects. A good way of getting children to think about placing the arrows is to cut out arrows abd have them physically stick them onto the object on which they are acting.

Selenia and the Victorian Adventure *suitable for home teaching*

Quality Assured Category: Science Publisher: University of the West of England (Bristol)

Providing a context for an investigation always excites children's imagination and gives them a reason for their investigations. It is based around the science that when an object falls to the ground it is affected by two forces: the force of gravity pulling it down and the force of air resistance, a type of friction, which slows down its fall. Parachutes work by using air resistance to oppose the force of gravity, slowing down the rate at which an object falls to Earth. This colourful comic provides a link into an air resistance investigation to find which is the best shape and size for a parachute. It also focusses on asking questions that can be investigated scientifically by devising a test.

Forces and Air Resistance

Quality Assured Category: Science Publisher: Rolls-Royce

Five activities related to the topic area of forces.

In the  Balloon Buggy  investigation children are challenged to work in teams to make their own balloon powered car. These cars may be modified by groups and then raced to see which is the fastest or used as a fair test by changing one aspect of the design in each group.

Other activities look at friction, how the force of air resistance affects moving objects, pushing and pulling and directions in which forces act.

Aircraft Forces

Quality Assured Category: Science Publisher: Innovate Educate

Challenge children to think about the types of forces that apply to an aircraft during flight using activities based on the RAF's Red Arrows display team. Includes a presentation showing the pushes and pulls acting on an aircraft in flight an investigation using plastic tubs to investigate how pushing forces and friction affect movement.

Could show a video of the Red Arrows display team to stimulate discussion at the start of the lesson.

Popular Mechanics: Becoming a Designer of Machines

Quality Assured Category: Design and technology Publisher: ENGINEER Project

This D & T project provides a practical way of looking at the means by which machines (cams, levers, gears and pulleys) transform force into movement. Children explore a range of toys and mechanical devices identifying features like gears, cams and axles and thinking about how they transmit and transform movement. They then explore gears and cams in everyday objects, looking at how they work and gathering the knowledge they need to create their own mechanical objects.

Machines and Engines

Quality Assured Category: Engineering Publisher: Longman

Pages 6-9 on the pdf show pictures of levers and pulleys with suggested questions to stimulate thinking and discussion in class. It also shows diagrams of lever and pulley systems which could be set up in class for children to investigate. This investigation would help children understand that if you want to lift a big load with a smaller effort, the load must be nearer the pivot than the effort is.

This is an older resource with some good ideas, which could be updated by using more modern images.   Though designed for lower secondary it can be adapted for use at primary level with children exploring and observing the effects of simple machines on movement.

Vertically Challenged

Quality Assured Category: Design and technology Publisher: British Science Association

The activities within this pack demonstrate key ideas and concepts used in designing and constructing buildings such as: how levers and pulleys work, the properties of materials and the forces involved in different structures.It includes a practical activity in which children make a lever to lift a grown up.

Simple machines

Trying to pick up a large heavy box is difficult, however if a lever is used it becomes much easier to move it. This is because levers make it easier to move objects as they allow for a smaller force to be applied over a longer distance. This short video demonstrates how levers, gears and pulleys work. A 'Scientist' demonstrates how different simple machines work and helps reinforce key vocabulary in context. It is interspersed with clips showing these simple machines in action in the real world and children demonstrating pulleys and levers. Children could create design and create their own simple machines and explain how they help move objects

How Do Bike Gears Work?

 This short video on YouTube  is a useful way of showing children the practical application of gears in the real world. Two cyclists demonstrate how bicycle gears help them to cycle up a hill. They look at how far the bicycle will travel for one revolution of the wheel whilst in different gears.

Investigating levers

When carrying out an investigation trying to move a large object using a lever, children often think the best place to put the fulcrum is in the centre of the lever rather than closer to the object being moved. In this activity children learn that a lever is a simple machine that can give a mechanical advantage. They set up their own lever, with fulcrum, beam and load, and investigate how far from the fulcrum different forces (weights) need to be in order to balance the load. They transfer their results to a line graph and attempt to find a relationship between the force required and the distance from the fulcrum.

Farm Machine 2040

Quality Assured Collection Category: Design and technology Publisher: NFU Education

This resource provides a series of four activities based around teaching of simple machines, including: forces, levers, gears and pulleys. Designed to help children to think about the day to day issues faced by farmers, each activity is grounded in a real world context. These activities are available in both English and Welsh.

Compasses and Magnetism

Quality Assured Category: Space Publisher: Royal Observatory Greenwich

This resource explores magnetism and how it is used in a compass. After a short introductory video there are a series of three practical activities looking at: magnetic materials, attraction and repulsion, and how to make compass.

Feel the Force

Quality Assured Category: Science Publisher: Centre for Industry Education Collaboration (CIEC)

Children explore streamlining and forces through a range of practical real-world activities.

Forces and Recycling

Aimed at supporting children with measuring forces and accurate use of forcemeters, this resource comes with a range of activities and guides.

Home » Forces » Year 5 & 6

Forces Year 5 & 6

Forces Year 5 & 6

Forces Year 5 & 6 KS2 learning at Primary School. Homework help with Forces and Motion. Learn about friction, air pressure & water resistance Key Stage 2.

Pick a level

What is friction.

Friction is when two surfaces touch each other. A rough surface creates a lot of friction whereas a smooth surface creates less friction. For this reason, roads are rough to help cars slow down. Have you ever walked on ice? It is very hard to stop sliding as ice has a smooth surface and very little friction.

Know this about friction we can create rough surfaces to stop us slipping, like on the bottom of your shoes, or we can create smooth surfaces like a snooker ball on a table.

Friction also produces heat . Rub your hands together. Are your hands getting hot? Your hands are creating friction so your hands will start to fill warm.

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Forces In Action

This Forces in Action Year 5 Science scheme of work teaches your children how forces affect everything around us. They will learn about the effects of gravity, friction, air and water resistance as well as build models to explore the ways in which pulleys, levers and gears work!

#TheCompleteSeries6lessons

Completely ready-to-teach, this forces Year 5 planning pack contains lesson plans, slides, differentiated worksheets and a whole range of other resources you need to deliver the forces KS2 objectives for Year 5. Making it easy for you and good fun for the children too!

#Lesson1Gravity

In this Year 5 Gravity lesson children will learn about the effects of gravity and, in particular, the ways in which falling objects of different sizes are affected by the force of gravity.

They may then either conduct a gravity experiement, or study a range of sources to find out more about the lives and work of some important scientists.

This downloadable lesson contains a lesson plan, slideshow presentation and teaching resources.

What's included:

• Lesson plan
• Activity ideas
• Differentiated worksheets
• Challenge cards

#Lesson2Friction

This Year 5 friction investigation for KS2 explains what friction is and gets children thinking about instances of high and low friction. It includes a choice of two exciting, practical activities which enable your class to explore the effect of friction acting between two surfaces.

This ready-to-teach downloadable science lesson contains a lesson plan, slideshow presentation and printable teaching resources.

#Lesson3AirResistance

What is air resistance? How can we observe its effects?

This Year 5 Air Resistance Experiment lesson clearly explains how this force affects moving objects and includes a choice of two practical activities that will get your class working scientifically to explore the effects of air resistance on falling objects.

Containing a detailed plan, engaging slides and printable teaching resources this lesson really is ready-to-teach.

• Plastic bag parachute sheet
• Spinner template

#Lesson4WaterResistance

In this Water Resistance KS2 Year 5 Forces lesson, your children will consider the differences between moving on land and in water. They will discus their predictions of the speed at which different objects will fall through water before exploring their ideas in an exciting practical activity.

This downloadable lesson contains a lesson plan, slideshow presentation and printable teaching resources.

• Results sheet

#Lesson5LeversandPulleys

This Levers and Pulleys Year 5 lesson explains how these mechanisms work. It will get your children thinking about ways in which we use 'simple machines' and why they are so useful.

With a choice of two practical activities, your children will love making models to explore how these ancient devices make lifting and moving easier.

This ready-to-teach downloadable lesson contains a lesson plan, slideshow presentation and printable teaching resources.

• Lolly stick catapult sheet

#Lesson6Gears

This Year 5 Gears lesson describes how gears work together in a variety of different transmissions. It will challenge your children to consider how speed, direction and torque change in different transmissions before making and testing their own gearboxes and transmissions.

• Cut-out gears sheet
• Types of transmission sheet
• End of Unit Quiz

Free Overview (Medium-Term Plan)

Download a free overview to support your teaching of this scheme of work.

Free Assessment Grid

Download a free, editable assessment grid to support your teaching of this scheme of work.

Curriculum Objectives covered

Year 5/6 working scientifically objectives.

• planning different types of scientific enquiries to answer questions, including recognising and controlling variables where necessary
• taking measurements, using a range of scientific equipment, with increasing accuracy and precision, taking repeat readings when appropriate
• recording data and results of increasing complexity using scientific diagrams and labels, classification keys, tables, scatter graphs, bar and line graphs
• reporting and presenting findings from enquiries, including conclusions, causal relationships and explanations of and degree of trust in results, in oral and written forms such as displays and other presentations

Year 5 Forces Objectives

• explain that unsupported objects fall towards the Earth because of the force of gravity acting between the Earth and the falling object
• identify the effects of air resistance, water resistance and friction, that act between moving surfaces
• recognise that some mechanisms, including levers, pulleys and gears, allow a smaller force to have a greater effect

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Primary Science Resources for the National Curriculum

Ks2 - year 5 forces.

• Outstanding Science Year 5

Knowledge and Understanding

Statutory requirements, notes and guidance, upper ks2 - working scientifically, investigating levers investigation free, outstanding science year 5 | forces | os5e006.

• Description
• National Curriculum
• Key learning

Learning objective

I can explain how a lever works.

Children set up their own lever, with fulcrum, beam and load, and investigate how far from the fulcrum different forces (weights) need to be in order to balance the load. They transfer their results to a line graph and attempt to find a relationship between the force required and the distance from the fulcrum.

• 5e3 : recognise that some mechanisms, including levers, pulleys and gears, allow a smaller force to have a greater effect.

Gravity and weight Worksheet

Outstanding science year 5 | forces | os5e001.

I can explain why objects fall to Earth.

Children explore why people don't fall off the 'bottom' of the Earth, and why the Moon dies not fall out of the sky. Children investigate the force of gravity by weighing 5 objects in grams, and then measuring the pull between them and the Earth using a force meter, measuring the force in newtons (N). They look for a relationship between their two measurements.

• 5e1 : explain that unsupported objects fall towards the Earth because of the force of gravity acting between the Earth and the falling object

Force meters Investigation

Outstanding science year 5 | forces | os5e002.

I can make and calibrate a force meter and explain how it works.

Children create their own force meter using simple classroom equipment. They use known masses to calibrate their force meter, adding a sensible scale. Children learn that a mass of 100g experiences a pull towards the Earth due to the force of gravity of approximately 1 newton. Children explain how their force meter works and why they needed to calibrate it before using it.

• 5e2 : identify the effects of air resistance, water resistance and friction, that act between moving surfaces

Air resistance Investigation

Outstanding science year 5 | forces | os5e003.

I can investigate the effects of air resistance.

Children investigate how canopy size affect's a parachute's rate of descent. They construct 4 parachutes with different canopy areas and predict and then measure how long they tale to descend from a given height. They take each measurement 3 times and calculate the mean. Children show their results in a bar chart and attempt to answer the scientific question.

Water resistance Worksheet

Outstanding science year 5 | forces | os5e004.

I can identify when objects are experiencing high or low water resistance.

Children look at 6 different situations, identify whether the object is experiencing high or low water resistance, and explain why.

Investigating friction Investigation

Outstanding science year 5 | forces | os5e005.

I can investigate the effects of friction on different materials.

Children investigate the best surface to place on a floor to prevent people from slipping. They predict and then measure the force required to make a shoe containing a weight slide across a range of surfaces. They present their results in a bar chart and attempt to answer the scientific question.

Investigating pulleys Investigation

Outstanding science year 5 | forces | os5e007.

I can explain how a pulley works.

Children construct a simple pulley from 2 karabiner clips. They use a force meter to compare the force required to lift loads with and without the pulley. They record their results in a table and then transfer their results to a line graph showing two lines. They compare both sets of results and explain the advantage that a pulley provides.

Gears Worksheet

Outstanding science year 5 | forces | os5e008.

I can explain how a gear train works.

Children look at 8 different examples of gear trains. They work out whether the driven gear will rotate clockwise or anticlockwise and whether it will rotate more quickly or slowly than the driver. If possible, they use Lego gears to test their ideas.

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Forces homework 12

Subject: Forces and motion

Age range: 7-11

Resource type: Worksheet/Activity

Last updated

20 May 2013

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Science year 5 may the forces be with you.

A rare and valuable meteorite has just landed on Earth and the Natural History Museum is sending in a recovery team to retrieve it. As the remote part of this retrieval team you need to overcome an array of challenges that will require you to put your knowledge and understanding of forces into action. May the forces be with you.

Session 1 Forces mission training camp

A rare and important meteorite has landed in a remote part of Europe. The Natural History Museum recovery team is on its way to retrieve it, but they need a remote back up team with forces expertise. Are you up for the challenge?

Science Objectives i) Explain that unsupported objects fall towards the Earth because of the force of gravity acting between the Earth and the falling object.

Working Scientifically

• Identify scientific evidence that has been used to support or refute ideas or arguments.

Extended Writing Opportunity Biography: Research key facts about Isaac Newton and write a brief biography for a science hall of fame.

You Will Need

Provided Resources

• Photos to add forces in to resource
• Sample annotated photo and statement resource
• Print out of the word glossary (Weblinks)

Additional Resources

• Cameras (optional)
• Unit Resources

Weblinks Meteorite landing from https://vimeo.com Forces, friction and gravity - watch to 2:00 from Teachers TV on https://www.youtube.com Word Glossary from Sellafield Gravity - watch to 1:37 from https://www.bbc.co.uk

Lesson Planning

• Know what gravity and resistance are and identify balanced and unbalanced forces.
• Compose scientific enquiry questions.
• Identify and label gravity and resistance forces, identifying balanced and unbalanced forces.
• Compose forces scientific enquiry questions based on observations of the world around them.

Vocabulary Support, fall, Earth, gravity, air resistance, friction, balancing force, weight, newtons, resistance force

Session 2 Parachuting in

Parachuting In The recovery team needs to parachute in to begin the process of repatriation - but which parachute is best? Your remote team needs to work out the solution.

ii) Identify the effects of air resistance, that acts between moving surfaces.

• Plan different types of scientific enquiries to answer questions, including recognising and controlling variables where necessary.
• Take measurements, using a range of scientific equipment, with increasing accuracy and precision, taking repeat readings when appropriate.
• Record data and results of increasing complexity using scientific diagrams and labels, and tables.
• Use test results to make predictions to set up further comparative and fair tests.
• Report and present findings from enquiries, including conclusions, causal relationships and explanations of and degree of trust in results, in oral form.

Other Curriculum Areas Maths

• Calculate and compare the area of rectangles (including squares) using square centimetres (cm2).
• Use all four operations to solve problems involving measure using decimal notation, including scaling.
• Scale speed from cm/second to m/min and km/hr.
• Broad to specific scientific questions
• Investigation remit
• Key science questions (differentiated)
• Parachute equipment
• Video recording equipment if desired

Weblinks Forces, friction and gravity 5:00 – 8:20 from Teachers TV on https://www.youtube.com Umbrella to parachute from https://www.bbc.co.uk Air resistance from https://www.bbc.co.uk

• Plan an investigation into the effectiveness of various parachutes.
• Identify variables that need to change and that need to stay constant.
• Record data using a ‘best of three’ approach.
• Video record findings offering possible explanations.
• Explore parachutes and air resistance, identifying enquiry questions for investigating effective parachutes.
• Set up and carry out a parachute investigation to determine which one travels the slowest (and safest). Recording data and drawing conclusions.
• Calculate the area of the parachute and its scaled up speed.
• Video recommendations for the best parachute design and materials for the job, based on findings.

Investigation - problem solving/fair testing Investigate parachutes and air resistance.

Vocabulary Variables, support, fall, Earth, gravity, air resistance, friction, moving surfaces

Session 3 The lever and pulley challenge

The meteorite is in a big hole - how will the recovery team get it out in order to retrieve it? Take a masterclass in levers and pulleys in order to send a brief to your forces on the ground.

Science Objectives

i) Explain that unsupported objects fall towards the Earth because of the force of gravity acting between the Earth and the falling object.

iii) Recognise that some mechanisms, including levers and pulleys, allow a smaller force to have a greater effect.

• Record data and results of increasing complexity using scientific diagrams and labels and tables.
• Report and present findings from enquiries, including conclusions, causal relationships and explanations of and degree of trust in results, in written forms.
• Scale weights and lengths using appropriate calculations.
• Transcript from NHM recovery team phone call
• Types of lever
• Lever investigation guidance (child facing)
• Pulley images, instructions and guidance
• Calculations for positioning a fulcrum
• Lever investigation equipment
• Investigate how levers work. Explore how the position of fulcrum, load and effort impacts on use.
• Investigate how pulleys work and how the number of pulleys used changes the effort required.
• Draw diagrams that explain the forces, loads, weights and efforts for levers and pulleys.
• Investigate how levers work and how the position of the fulcrum impacts on its effectiveness.
• Scale weights and lengths.
• Investigate how pulleys work and note the correlation between effort required and the number of pulleys.
• Set out instructions for forces on the ground to help them implement findings from investigations.

Investigation - problem solving/fair testing Investigate and create levers. Investigate and create pulleys.

Vocabulary Variables, accuracy, precision, causal relationships, gravity, mechanisms, levers, pulleys, transfers

Session 4 The bike gears challenge

The meteorite is on its way, but the rest of the team are on bikes - and the gears are not labelled. Can you help them to work out which gears will help them on which terrain?

Science Objectives i) Recognise that gear mechanisms allow a smaller force to have a greater effect.

ii) Identify the effects of friction, that acts between moving surfaces.

• Record data and results of increasing complexity using scientific diagrams and labels, tables, scatter graphs, bar and line graphs.
• Report and present findings from enquiries, including conclusions, causal relationships and explanations of and degree of trust in results, in oral and written forms such as displays and other presentations.
• Solve problems involving multiplication and division, including scaling by simple fractions and problems involving simple rates.

Extended Writing Opportunity Journalistic reports: Write an article, for a cycling magazine, based on your investigation of bike gears and tell them the best gear combinations for specific terrains.

• Differentiated questions for investigations
• Bike gear images and statements
• Gear construction kits

Weblinks Gears - to 9:00 from www.sciencekids.co.nz Tour de France - to 2:00 from www.theguardian.com

• Understand how gears and gear ratios work.
• Identify appropriate gear combinations for specific terrains.
• Identify and record gear ratios.
• Explore gears noting how they help cyclists ride.
• Calculate gear ratios.
• Recommend gear combinations that relate to specific terrains.

Investigation - problem solving/fair testing Investigate gears.

Vocabulary Variables, accuracy, precision, gravity, friction, moving surfaces, mechanisms, gears, transfers

Session 5 The Goldilocks path challenge

Your team has reached a three way split of paths, all with differing surfaces. Can you recommend the path that won’t be too fast or too slow, but just right?

Science Objectives i) Identify the effects of friction that acts between moving surfaces.

• Three path images
• Force meter
• Access to mud, tarmac and a tiled floor
• Relatively ‘heavy’ cars/vehicles for testing

Weblinks Forces, Friction and Gravity – 10:40 –end from Teachers TV on https://www.youtube.com Wind resistance in cycling from https://www.bbc.co.uk Friction from https://www.bbc.co.uk

• Investigate the effect ground friction has on movement.
• Identify an appropriate amount of friction for the safe onward journey of a bike.
• Use results to make further predictions and suggest further investigation.
• Investigate the effect of ground friction on the force needed to move a toy car.
• Recommend a ground covering that creates the right level of friction for the safe onward journey of a bike.
• Predict the likely speed of a bike on different surfaces, based on findings from friction investigation.

Investigation - problem solving/fair testing

Investigate friction.

Session 6 The boat challenge

ii) Identify the effects of water resistance, that acts between moving surfaces.

Extended Writing Opportunities Explanation: Based on your scientific investigation, explain clearly to the recovery team leader which shape of boat is best for crossing safely across a water way and why, giving scientific reasons.

• Guidance for boat investigations
• Half drain pipe full of water
• Hair dryers/hand held fans
• Equipment for boat investigations (see guidance)

Weblinks Air and water resistance from https://www.bbc.co.uk Forces Quiz from https://www.bbc.co.uk NHM Meteorites collection from https://www.nhm.ac.uk

• Investigate and identify the effect of boat shape on water resistance.
• Investigate and identify the effect of salty water on water resistance.
• Present findings and recommendations, based on scientific evidence, in written form.
• Investigate and identify which shape of boat is best to beat the water resistance of a river, offering an explanation.
• Make recommendations for the best boat shape and waterway to get the meteorite across, based on scientific evidence.

Investigation - problem solving/fair testing Investigate boats and water resistance.

Vocabulary Variables, accuracy, causal relationships, support/refute, fall, gravity, water resistance

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