what is national service training program essay

• Search Search Search …
• Search Search …

National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES CONGRESS OF THE PHILIPPINES METRO MANILA

Begun and held in Metro Manila, on Monday, the twenty-third day of July,2001.

(REPUBLIC ACT 9163)

“AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM (NSTP) FOR THE TERTIARY LEVEL STUDENTS, AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE REPUBLIC ACT NO 7077 AND PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO 1706 AND FOR OTHER PURPOSE”

Be enacted by the senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

SECTION 1. Short Title.  – This Act shall be known as the National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001.

SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy.  – It is hereby affirmed the prime duty of the Government to serve and protect its citizen. In turn it shall be the responsibility of all citizens to defend the security of the State and in fulfillment thereof, the Government may require each citizen to render personal military or civil service.

Recognizing the youth’s virtual role in nation building, then state shall promote civic consciousness among the youth and shall develop their physical moral, spiritual intellectual and social well-being.

It shall inculcate to the youth patriotism, nationalism and advance their involvement in public and civic affairs. In pursuit of this goals the youth the most valuable resource of the national shall motivate trained organized and mobilized in military training, literacy civic welfare and other similar endeavors in the service of nation.

SECTION 3. Definition of Term.  – For purpose of this Act the following are hereby defined as follows:

“National Service Training Program” (NSTP)  – is a program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the ethic of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program components. Its various components are specially designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to the general welfare.

“Reserve Officer Training Corps” (ROTC)  – is program institutionalized under Section 38 and 39 of RA No. 7077 designed to provide military training to tertiary level students in order to motivate, train, organized and mobilize them for national defense preparedness.

“Literacy Training Service”  – is a program designed to train students to become teachers of literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out of school youth, and other segments of society in need of their service.

“Civic Welfare Training Service”  – refers to programs of activities contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of life for members of the community or the enhancement of its facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and morals of the citizen; and

“Program Component”  – shall refer to the service components of the NSTP as enumerated in Section 4 of this Act.

SECTION 4. Establishment of the National Service Program.  – There is hereby established a National Service Training Program (NSTP) which shall form part of the curricula of all baccalaureate degree courses and of at least two-years technical vocational courses and is a requisite for graduation, consisting of the following service components: The Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) which is hereby made optional and voluntary upon the effectivity of this Act; The Literacy Training Service; and The Civic Welfare Training Service

The ROTC under the NSTP shall instill patriotism, moral virtues, respect for rights of civilians and adherence to the constitution among other, Citizenship Training shall be given emphasis in all three (3) program components.

The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) in consultation with the Department of National Defense (DND) Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC).

Coordinating Council of Private Association of the Philippines (COCOPAP) and other concerned government agencies, may design and implement such other program components as maybe necessary in consonance with the provisions of this Act.

SECTION 5. Coverage.  – Students, male and female of any baccalaureate degree course or at least two (2) year technical vocational courses in public and private educational institutions shall be required to complete one (1) of the NSTP components are requisite for graduation.

SECTION 6. Duration and Equivalent Course Unit.  – Each of the aforementioned NSTP Program components shall be undertaken for and academic period of two (2) semesters. In lieu of the two-semester program for any of the components of the NSTP a one (1) summer program may be designed formulated and adopted by the DND, CHED and TESDA.

SECTION 7. NSTP Offering in Higher and Technical Educational Institutions . – All higher and technical and vocational institutions, public and private, must offer at least one of the program components, provided that state universities and colleges shall offer the ROTC components and at least one other component as education institution may ROTC if they have at least three hundred and fifty (350) cadets students.

In offering the NSTP whether during the semestral or summer periods, clustering of affected students from different educational institutions may be done, taking into account logistics, branch of service and geographical considerations.

Schools that do not meet the required number of students shall allow their students to cross enroll to other school irrespective of whether or not the NSTP components in said schools are being administered by the same or another branch of service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) CHED and TESDA to which schools are identified.

SECTION 8. Fees and Incentive.  – Higher and technical-vocational institutions shall not collect any fee for any of the NSTP components, except basic tuition fees, which shall be more than fifty (50%) percent of what is currently charged by schools per unit.

In case of ROTC, the DND shall formulate and adopt a program of assistance for health and accident shall be provide for students enrolled in any of the NSTP components.

SECTION 9. Scholarship.  – There is hereby created a special scholarship program for qualified students taking NSTP which shall be administered by CHED and TESDA funds for this purpose shall be include in the annual regular appropriations of CHED and TESDA.

SECTION 10. Management of NSTP Components.  – The school authorities shall exercise academic and administrative supervision over the design, formulation, adoption and implementation of the different NSTP components in their respective schools, provided that in case a CHED – or TESDA – accredited Non-Government Organization (NGO) has been contracted to formulate and administer a training module for any of the NSTP components, such academic and administrative supervision shall be exercised jointly with the accredited NGO.

Provided further, that such training module shall be accredited by CHED and TESDA.

SECTION 11. Creation of the National Service Corps.  – There is hereby created a National Service Corps to be composed of the graduates of the non-ROTC components Members of this corps may be tapped by the State for Literacy and civic welfare activities through the joint effort of DND, CHED and TESDA.

Graduates of the ROTC shall form part of the Citizen Armed Force, pursuant to Republic Act No. 7077.

SECTION 12. Implementing Rules.  – The DND, CHED and TESDA shall have the joint responsibility for the adoption of the implementing rules of this Act with sixty (60) days from the approval of this Act.

These are three (3) agencies shall consult with other concerned government agencies, PASUC and COCPAP, NGO’s and recognized students in drafting the implementing rules.

The implementing rules shall include the guidelines for the adoption of the appropriate curriculum for each of the NSTP components as well as for the accreditation of the same.

SECTION 13. Transitory Provision.  – Students, who have yet to complete the Basic ROTC, except those failing under Section 14 of this Act, may either continue in the program component they are currently enrolled or shift to any of the another program component, the Basic ROTC courses he has completed further.

That once he has shifted to other program component, he shall completed further. That once he has shifted to other program component, he shall completed the NSTP in the component.

SECTION 14. Suspension of ROTC Requirement.  – The completion of ROTC training as a requisite for graduation is hereby set aside for those students who despite all their academic units as of effectivity of this Act have been allowed to graduate.

SECTION 15. Separability Clause.  – If any section or provision of this act shall be declared unconstitutional or invalid, the other section or provision not affected thereby remain in full force and effect.

SECTION 16. Amendatory Clause.  – Section 35 of Commonwealth Act No. 1 Executive Order No. 207 of 1930. Section 2 and 3 of Presidential Degree No. 1706 and Section 38 and 39 RA No. 7077 as well as all laws decrees order rules and regulations and other issuance’s inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby deemed and modified accordingly.

SECTION 17. Effectivity.  – This act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in two (2) newspapers of national circulation but the implementation of this Act shall commence in the school year 2002-2003.

s/t  FRANKLIN M DRILON President of the Senate

s/t  JOSE DE VENECIA Speaker of the House of Representative

This act which is a consolidation of H B No. 3593 and S B No. 1824 was finally passed by the House of Representative and the Senate on December 19, 2001.

s/t  OSCAR G TABES Secretary of the Senate

ROBERTO P NAZARENO Secretary General House of Representative

s/t  GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO President of the Philippines

Advertisement

Application of the Literacy Training Service component of the National Service Training Program in New Bilibid Prison (Philippines)

• Original Paper
• Published: 10 September 2019
• Volume 65 , pages 755–784, ( 2019 )

Cite this article

• Emma Lina F. Lopez 1  

348 Accesses

1 Altmetric

Explore all metrics

In 2000, the government of the Philippines launched its National Service Training Program (NSTP), a compulsory 2-semester course component for all the country’s Bachelor and technical vocational students. There is a choice of three subject areas, one of which is the Literacy Training Service (LTS) module. This is designed to train students in teaching literacy and numeracy skills to schoolchildren, out-of-school youths and other citizens in need of their services, including prison inmates. This article looks into the application of NSTP-LTS at New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila. The author’s study involved 24 students (13 female, 11 male) from the University of the Philippines teaching 40 male inmate learners incarcerated in the national penitentiary’s medium security compound over a period of two months. Many of the inmate learners (aged 14–61) had very low literacy and numeracy skills, and some had never been to school at all. The university students were immersed in an environment entirely unknown to them and performed roles from which they obtained a different perspective and understanding of society. The inmate learners were eager to avail of this opportunity to participate in second-chance education. Despite the many benefits of this learning process for all participants, in her conclusion, the author points out several challenges which still need to be overcome to optimise the application of NSTP-LTS in correctional institutions of the Philippines.

Application du module Service de formation à l'alphabétisation du Programme national de service de formation dans la prison de New Bilibid (Philippines) – Le Gouvernement philippin a lancé en 2000 son programme national de formation, module didactique sur deux semestres obligatoire pour tous les élèves en formation professionnelle technique et les étudiants en licence du pays. Ils peuvent choisir entre trois domaines, dont le service d’alphabétisation. Ce dernier a pour but de former les étudiants à enseigner les compétences de base en alphabétisme et numératie aux écoliers, aux jeunes déscolarisés et à d’autres citoyens nécessitant ces prestations, dont les personnes incarcérées. Le présent article analyse l’application de ce module dans la prison de New Bilibid de Muntinlupa-Ville, Metro Manila. L’auteure a impliqué dans son étude 13 étudiantes et 11 étudiants de l’université des Philippines, qui ont dispensé pendant une période de deux mois un enseignement à 40 apprenants masculins incarcérés dans le centre pénitentiaire national de sécurité moyenne. Un grand nombre d’entre eux (âgés de 14 à 61 ans) avaient des compétences de base très succinctes, et quelques-uns n’avaient jamais été scolarisés. Les étudiants ont été immergés dans un environnement qui leur était entièrement inconnu, ils ont assumé des tâches qui leur ont ouvert une perspective et permis une appréhension différentes de la société. Les détenus apprenants étaient très désireux de saisir cette occasion de suivre un enseignement de la seconde chance. Malgré les nombreux bienfaits de cette démarche d’apprentissage pour tous les participants, l’auteure relève dans sa conclusion plusieurs défis qui restent à surmonter afin d’optimiser l’application de ce programme dans les établissements pénitentiaires des Philippines.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price includes VAT (Russian Federation)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Rent this article via DeepDyve

Institutional subscriptions

Source: Peters and Waterman ( 1982 )

Similar content being viewed by others

The European Agenda for Education in Prison

Modern Approaches in Czech Prison Staff Education and Training Against a Background of Comenius’ Thoughts

Teaching the ‘Poor’ a Lesson: Beyond Punitive Discipline in Schools

Short historical portraits of each of the seven facilities are provided on the website of the Bureau of Corrections at http://www.bucor.gov.ph/facilities.html [accessed 8 July 2019].

The formal education system in the Philippines has three main sections. Elementary education comprises kindergarten and Grades 1–6 (with the language of instruction up to Grade 3 being one of 12 local mother tongues, before switching to English in Grade 4); Junior high (lower secondary) school comprises Grades 7–10, and Senior high (upper secondary) school comprises Grades 11 and 12. ALS Levels 1, 2 and 3 correspond to elementary Grades 1,2 and 3, but are only taught in Filipino (sometimes complemented by English), and not in provincial local languages.

The other two are Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) and the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC).

DALTA stands for Daisy and Antonio Laperal Tamayo, who founded this university in 1975.

While the Philippine school year starts in June, ALS enrolment may coincide with that, but being module-based, admission to ALS is possible year-round.

Videoke , which is popular particularly in the Philippines, is a derivative of karaoke. A karaoke machine, invented in Japan in the early 1970s, plays popular songs with the singer’s voice tuned out and the lyrics shown on a screen. Participants using the machine sing along, microphone in hand, following the lyrics. A videoke machine has the added features of video recording and rating of performers, enhancing the competitive aspect.

The model was developed by four people, Richard Tanner Pascale and Anthony Athos (Pascale and Athos 1981 ), and Tom Peters and Robert Waterman (Peters and Waterman 1982 ), with the latter two being former consultants at McKinsey & Co, an international management consulting company, hence the name. For more information, see Peters ( 2011 ).

The term dark tourism refers to visiting travel destinations which are historically associated with death and tragedy.

At July 2019 conversion rates, the amount of PHP 1,000 equals roughly USD 19.56.

“Of these, 183 are living and 2 are extinct. Of the living languages, 175 are indigenous and 8 are non-indigenous. Furthermore, 39 are institutional, 67 are developing, 38 are vigorous, 28 are in trouble, and 11 are dying” (Ethnologue 2019 ).

The Student Body Council is the inmate learners’ representative body. It is comprised of inmate learners’ duly-elected batch mates, also referred to as “batch officers” (a batch, in this context, is a class).

Bartolina, the Filipino word for dungeon, refers to isolation dormitories.

This also applied to the NSTP-LTS students involved in this study. Their experiences of their first encounter with the prison environment are reflected in their statements presented in a separate section of this article.

Positive psychology refers to “the scientific study of what makes life most worth living” (Peterson 2008 ).

The CWTS [Civic Welfare Training Service] is one of the other two NSTP modules university students can opt for.

Ayala, G. (1996). Custody and rehabilitation of prisoners: Its implications for national security. Unpublished Master’s thesis. National Defense College of the Philippines, Quezon City.

Beccaria, C. (1986 [1764]). On crimes and punishments. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett.

BuCor (Bureau of Corrections). (2000). Bureau of Corrections operating manual. NBP Reservation, Muntinlupa City: Bureau of Corrections. Retrieved 1 August 2019 from http://www.bucor.gov.ph/publication/Bucor%20Manual/bucor_manual.html .

DepEd (Department of Education). (n.d.). About Alternative learning system (ALS) [dedicated webpage]. Retrieved 1 August 2019 from https://www.deped.gov.ph/k-to-12/inclusive-education/about-alternative-learning-system/ .

Ethnologue. (2019). Languages of the world: Philippines [online resource; 22nd edn]. Retrieved 1 August from https://www.ethnologue.com/country/PH .

Ghailani, J. S., & Khan, S. A. (2004). Quality of secondary education and labour market requirement. Journal of Services Research, 4 (1), 161–172.

Google Scholar  

Jurevicius, O. (2013). McKinsey 7s model. SM Insight [online article, 20 Dec]. Retrieved 1 August from https://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/mckinsey-7s-model-framework.html .

Lopez, E. L. F. (2006). Management of prison education: A model . Unpublished dissertation. College of Education, University of the Philippines, Diliman.

Lopez, E. L. F. (2015). Management of the correctional education program for students behind bars. Asian Journal of Management Sciences & Education, 4 (1), 102–109.

Morales, H. (2003). Assessment of the rehabilitation programs and services and the adjustment level of inmates at the BuCor (National Penitentiary) . Unpublished dissertation. University of Santo Tomas, Manila.

Mote, V. L. (1985). Development of Management Education in India: Role of the Institutes of Management. Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, 10 (4), 371–385.

Article   Google Scholar  

OHCHR (Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights). (1990). Basic principles for the treatment of prisoners . Geneva: OHCHR. Retrieved 1 August 2019 from https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/BasicPrinciplesTreatmentOfPrisoners.aspx .

Pascale, R. T., & Athos, A. G. (1981). The art of Japanese management . New York: Simon & Schuster.

Book   Google Scholar  

Peters, T. (2011). A brief history of the 7-S (“McKinsey 7-S”) model. TomPeters!, 9 January 2011 [blogpost]. Retrieved 1 August 2019 from https://tompeters.com/2011/03/a-brief-history-of-the-7-s-mckinsey-7-s-model/ .

Peters, T., & Waterman, R. H. (1982). In search of excellence: Lessons from America’s best-run companies . New York, NY: Harper & Row Publishers.

Peterson, C. (2008). What is positive psychology, and what is it not? Psychology Today [blogpost 16 May]. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-good-life/200805/what-is-positive-psychology-and-what-is-it-not .

RoP (Republic of the Philippines). (1987). The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. Quezon City: The Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 1 August 2019 from https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/ .

RoP. (2000). Non-formal education system National Literacy Awards entry conditions . Manila: Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines.

RoP. (2001a). Republic Act no. 9155. An Act instituting a framework of governance for basic education, establishing authority and accountability, renaming the Department of Education, Culture and Sports as the Department of Education, and for other purposes [also known as the “Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001”]. Manila: Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 1 August 2019 from https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2001/08/11/republic-act-no-9155/ .

RoP. (2001b). Republic Act no. 9163. An Act establishing the National Service Training Program (NSTP) for the tertiary level students, amending for the purpose Republic Act no. 7077 Presidential Decree no. 1706, and for other purposes. Manila: Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 1 August 2019 from http://nstp.upd.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Republic-Act.-No-9163-NSTP-Act-2001.pdf .

Seppings, C. (2015). To study the rehabilitative role of ex-prisoners/offenders on peer mentors in reintegration models—In the UK, Republic of Ireland, Sweden and USA. Canberra, ACT: The Winston Churchill Memorial Trust of Australia. Retrieved 31 May 2019 from https://www.churchilltrust.com.au/media/fellows/Seppings_C_2015_Rehabilitative_role_of_ex-prisoners__offenders_as_peer_mentors.pdf .

Simister, P. (2011). McKinsey 7 S framework for strategic fit. Differentiate your business [blogpost 2 September]. Retrieved 1 August 2019 from http://www.differentiateyourbusiness.co.uk/mckinsey-7-s-framework-for-strategic-fit .

Tetenbaum, T. J. (1998). Shifting paradigms: From Newton to chaos. Organizational Dynamics, 26 (4), 21–32.

UN (United Nations). (1955). Standard minimum rules for the treatment of prisoners. New York: United Nations. Retrieved 1 August 2019 from http://www.hrw.org/advocacy/prisons/un-smrs.htm .

Download references

Acknowledgements

This article/the work discussed in it was funded by a Research Grant from the Asian Institute of Tourism, University of the Philippines in Diliman.

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Asian Institute of Tourism, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines

Emma Lina F. Lopez

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emma Lina F. Lopez .

Additional information

Publisher's note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Lopez, E.L.F. Application of the Literacy Training Service component of the National Service Training Program in New Bilibid Prison (Philippines). Int Rev Educ 65 , 755–784 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-019-09799-w

Download citation

Published : 10 September 2019

Issue Date : October 2019

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-019-09799-w

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• teacher training
• National Service Training Program
• Literacy Training Service
• Alternative Learning System (ALS)
• New Bilibid Prison
• prison education
• inmate learners
• Find a journal
• Publish with us
• Track your research

• Essay examples
• Management essays

The National Service Training Program

THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM The National Service Training Program was also known as “An Act Establishing the National Service Training Program (NSTP) for Tertiary Level Students, Amending for the Purpose Republic Act No. 7077 and Presidential Decree no. 1706, and for other Purposes” or Republic Act No. 9163. It was signed into law in January 23, 2002 amidst the various calls of dissenting sectors for its abolition or reform.

We Will Write a Custom Essay Specifically For You For Only $13.90/page!

It invoked the constitutional provision regarding the “duty of the state to serve and protect its citizens,” specifically Article II (Declaration of Principles and State Policies), Section 2, which states that “The prime duty of the government is to serve and protect the people. The government may call upon the people to defend the state, and in fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required under conditions provided by law, to render personal military or civil service” (italics supplied). This is the same principle that created and sustained the Reserve Officers Training Corps.

The primary objective of the NSTP law is to promote the role of the youth in nation-building. As such, it aims to encourage the youth to become civic and/or military leaders and volunteers whom could be called upon by the nation in cases their services are needed. Compared with the ROTC which specializes in military training, and the E-ROTC which granted three options for students yet was limited in implementation, the NSTP law ensured that the three components – Civic Welfare Service, Literacy Training Service, and Reserve Officers Training Corps – will be given the same and equal implementation in educational institutions.

Moreover, it defined the different components, the duration of the training, coverage, etc. National Service Training Program Act of 2001 (RA 9163) This Act affirms that the prime duty of the government shall be to serve and protect its citizens. In turn, it shall be the responsibility of all citizens to defend the security of the State; thus the government may require each citizen to render personal, military or civil service. In recognition of the vital role of the youth in nation-building, the State shall promote civic consciousness among them and shall develop their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well being.

It shall inculcate the ideals of patriotism, nationalism, and advance their involvement in public and civic affairs. In the pursuit of these goals, the youth shall be motivated, trained, organized and mobilized in military training, literacy, civic welfare and other similar endeavors in service to the nation. National Service Training Program (NSTP) This program is aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program components, namely

Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) – designed to provide military training to tertiary level students in order to motivate, train, organize and mobilize them for national defense preparedness. Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) – refers to programs or activities contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement of its facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and morals of the citizenry.

Literacy Training Service (LTS) – designed to train students to become teachers of literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out of school youth, and other segments of society in need of their service. Starting Academic Year 2002-2003, all male and female students enrolled in any baccalaureate or of at least two (2) year technical/vocational courses are required to complete the equivalent of two (2) semesters of any one of the NSTP components listed above as a requisite for graduation.

Each NSTP component shall be undertaken for a period of two (2) semesters, with fifty-four (54) training hours and student load credit of 3 units per semester. Under the NSTP law, state universities are required to offer ROTC and at least one other NSTP component. Schools may collect not more than 50% of the current basic tuition for NSTP courses. Meanwhile, Reserve Officers’ Training Corps, while deemed equally important by the NSTP law (it maintained its existence and nature mentioned in RA 7077 having the primary objective to prepare the youth in national defense, became merely a component of the program.

The NSTP required male and female students to undergo the program they have chosen for two (2) semesters or one (1) academic year in contrast with the ROTC which required males to take military training for four (4) semesters or two (2) academic years. Students taking NSTP will get three (3) units from taking the program; equivalent of 1. 5 units every semester. Thus, in contrast to the mandatory – yet free – ROTC, students will now have to pay for their NSTP. This included the former cadets of the ROTC who enjoyed the free reservist program.

Also, the law states that private learning institutions could offer one of the three options but required state colleges and universities to maintain their ROTC units together with an alternative unit from the two other options. The law also limited the existence of the ROTC in private and vocational institutions requiring it to have 350 cadets for it to be called a unit, otherwise – and considering other factors such as insufficient cadet number, lack of logistics to support ROTC program of instruction (POI), etc. – cross-enrolling the students to other schools for their NSTP is an option.

The goal of the law and of the program is to harness the strength and capacity of the youth to contribute to nation-building, thus the National Service Reserve Force was created to enlist CWTS and LTS graduates which is also equivalent to the Citizen Armed Force of the ROTC. In the event that the state will need people for its civic and literacy activities, it will merely utilize the personnel of the reserve force, the student volunteers the NSTP-CWTS and the NSTP-LTS has produced. As with the need of the Armed Forces for additional force for its defense campaigns, it can easily use its body of reservists in the Reserve Command.

Related posts:

• Principles of Discipline
• Soccer Development
• Hoe Teachers Behaviour Effects Students Motivation to Learn
• The Effects of Advertising on Children
• Business Report Writing Formal Report
• Importance of Literacy

Recent Posts

• Product Lifecycle Management project – Travel Dress
• Public Debt Management
• Time Management by the Parents for Quality Upbringing of Their Child
• Business Conflict Analysis and Management
• Brand Management
• CocaCola’s Operations and Management Processes
• Illusion Above Addiction: Based on Hubert Selby Jr.’s novel “Requiem for a Dream”
• A Characteristic Feature of the Aesthetics of Romanticism
• Inconsistency of Theories of Racism
• Culture of Speech
• Terms & Conditions
• Privacy policy

Haven't found the Essay You Want?

For Only $13.90/page

Hi! I'm Iris

Would you like to get such a paper? How about receiving a customized one?

Sample details

• Literature,
• Views: 2,349

Related Topics

• the pardoner's tale
• 12 Angry Men
• Tobacco Industry
• The Things They Carried
• Textile Industry
• West Side Story
• Beauty salon
• Petroleum Industry
• Vocational education
• Edward Scissorhands
• Engineering And Construct...
• Protagonist
• Construction
• Health education

National Service Training Program

Introduction.

National Service Training Program (NSTP) is a required course mandated by law It is a preparation and opportunity to improve yourself to serve others Gives you the chance to be to be socially involved and have deeper awareness of yourself in relation to others Endows you with theoretical and practical knowledge and experiences that are needed for community services It opens a window for you to see the current situation of the country Trains you to respond to present challenges, harnessing your instinct for national service Contributions of young people have been recognized by many.

What Is NSTP?

A compulsory 1 year course for all freshmen in the universities and colleges in the country Article I Section 3 of RA 9163. It’s three (3) components are as follow : Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) – which aims to provide military training to tertiary level students in order to motivate, train and mobilize them for national defense preparedness. Skills: military leadership, basic combat, map reading, military intelligence, artillery operations, unconventional warfare, marches, and bivouac training. Literacy Training Service (LTS) – this serves to train the students to teach literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out-of-school youth and other segments of society who needs this service. Hold tutorials and other non-formal education related activities in public schools and underprivileged communities Promoting importance of education among grade school and HS student, even adults, who were not given the chance to study. Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) – this designs activities that will contribute to the general welfare and betterment of life for the community as well as enhancing its facilities and improving the health condition of the community. This can be done by focusing on providing the members of the community basic skills on health, environmental sanitation, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and enhancing the moral values of the constituents. shelter-building, tree planting, medical mission.

ready to help you now

Without paying upfront

Learning Experience

Taking up NSTP II is fun and informative at the same time. I have learned many things from the beginning of the lecture about the Rationale of Community Building, up to the last meeting about CWTS. Also, I learned much about the environment and know that whatever I learned will never be forgotten just that I should be able to apply the knowledge I have acquired. Before, I thought that disaster just causes destruction to human lives and material but the truth is it also disrupts the functioning of society. So I realized, in order to prevent disasters, we should be united, organized and start doing good things for the environment. I had a lot of fun listening to the lecture about Process Documentation too, because people from different generations learn a lot from history so it is important to learn such thing. One more thing that I love about taking up CWTS was the Community Service. Our first Community Service was in the Green Island. I have learned more about the importance of trees to the environment during our tree planting activity. Also, I was amazed of the different views of the place since that was the first time I’ve been there.

The Culminating Activity in DENR Park Beach Jawili Tangalan Aklan, where I have learned more things about waste management. During our coastal clean-up, I realized that in order to have a clean environment we should practice the proper waste segregation. Also, garbage should be separated from biodegradable to non-biodegradable. Last but certainly not the least is my experience in making ecological suit together with my other classmate for our contestant for the search of Mr. NSTP, it was my first time to do it, but since I had enough courage, I had done my part successfully. After all the activity, I realized that it is not an easy kind of fun; it also involves discipline and concentration in order to accomplish it safely. In NSTP II, I have been taught to be a responsible adult. I am happy that I had able to take CWTS for NSTP II because I want to help our community by protecting the environment without asking for anything in return. By doing simple things, we can contribute to our nation’s development because remember that big things come from small things.

Cite this page

https://graduateway.com/nstp-term-paper/

You can get a custom paper by one of our expert writers

• Everyday Use By Alice Walker
• Chemical Industry
• Writing process
• Airline Industry
• Amusing Ourselves to Death
• Female education
• Romanticism
• Right to education
• Flowers For Algernon
• Pharmaceutical Industry
• Philosophy of Education

Check more samples on your topics

Why is evaluating training an important part of strategic training.

Effective training requires the use of a systematic training process. Evaluation of training is one part of this, it allows you Measure training outcomes and Compare outcome to training objectives and criteria. Evaluation of training compares the post-training results to the pre-training objectives of managers, trainers, and trainees. Too often, training is conducted with little

Enhancing Training Effectiveness: Examples of the Army’s 8-Step Training Model in Action

Military troops must undergo rigorous training in order to be ready for whatever difficulties they may encounter in the field. The U.S. Army uses the 8-Step Training Model to provide efficient and successful training. This paradigm offers a methodical way to creating, carrying out, and reviewing training programs. In order to demonstrate the Army's 8-Step

Implementation of SBAR Training Program

Social cognitive theory

The first step in implementing this project will be for the author of this evidence-based practice SBAR (situation, background, assessment, and recommendation) program to approach the Director of Nursing to get approval for the project. The author will discuss the project with Director of Nursing and present this project for approval to the administration. Once

New Employee Training and Development Program

ADZE REGENCY HOTEL (Four Star Hotel)New Employee Training and Development ProgramVisionWe envision global and dynamic 4-star Adze Hotel offering consistent and above bar services which are in sync with communal corporate growth and development in which everyone must claim participation. Our growth shall be bolstered mainly through team work and a sense of pride and

The New Training Program at Carter Cleaning Company

I. PROBLEM STATEMENTHow to formalise orientation. preparation policies and processs within Carter Cleaning Company?II. Aim1. To do employees adhere to the company criterions set by the proprietors2. To supply equal employee preparation and orientation relation to place3. To cut down employee turnovers4. To decide issues on wage and benefits5. Bottom line: employees to carry through

Global Assignments: Pre-departure Training Program

Global assignment of directors has been a traditional method of operating far flung commercial imperiums since the yearss of Robert Clive and the British East India Company. The importance of reassigning cognition. upskilling remote or local directors and transfusing best pattern throughout a transnational organisation has long been recognized as a beginning of competitory advantage

Navy Seal Training: Why It’s Important to America’s National Security

Scuba diving

Why Is Navy Seal Training Important to America’s National Security “We will be hunting you down, and we are going to deliver you to the doorsteps of hell”, (Blehm 245) said one of Adam's buddies at his funeral. Adam Brown's wife heard his buddy say that to the men standing at the funeral, all while

Reflection Paper – Every year the Civic Welfare Training Service

We would also like to thank our clear Parents for being supportive through financial support, moral support, we like to highly acknowledgement our agreements or being attentive , active & responsible enough to Join the outreach program lastly , we would like to thank our dear God for keeping us safe and always being on

National Toxicology Program – Bisphenol A

Environmental Issues

The first country in the world to regulate the BPA as a toxic substance is Canada. It adopted and used precautionary approach on this compound which is harmful to the environment and human health (Saxx, 2007). Bisphenol A is found in polycarbonate plastics like baby bottles and water bottles and the epoxy resins in metal

Hi, my name is Amy 👋

In case you can't find a relevant example, our professional writers are ready to help you write a unique paper. Just talk to our smart assistant Amy and she'll connect you with the best match.

• American History (1,320)
• Biographies (722)
• Book Reports (1,617)
• Business (9,201)
• English (4,172)
• History Other (1,404)
• Miscellaneous (3,117)
• Music and Movies (518)
• Philosophy (589)
• Psychology (1,286)
• Religion (554)
• Science (1,608)
• Social Issues (2,797)
• Technology (1,269)
• Browse Essays
• / Book Reports
• / National Service Training Program

National Service Training Program

Essay by Rheesa   •  March 6, 2013  •  Essay  •  297 Words (2 Pages)  •  11,219 Views

Essay Preview: National Service Training Program

National Service Training Program (NSTP) is a required course mandated by law which is a preparation and opportunity to improve yourself to serve others and gives you the chance to be socially involved and have deeper awareness of yourself in relation to others. NSTP endows you with theoretical and practical knowledge and experiences that are needed for community services and it opens a window for you to see the current situation of the country. It trains you to respond to present challenges, harnessing your instinct for national service.

I've learned that it aims to promote and integrate values education, transformational leadership, spirit of patriotism and nationalism and sustainable social mobilization for youth development, community building and national security. And also it is a program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program components which are Literacy Training System (LTS), Civil Welfare Training System (CWTS), and Reserved Officers Training Corps (ROTC). These various components are specially designed to enhance the youth's active contribution to the general welfare.

The National Service Training Program (NSTP) is a curriculum requirement for all college students under Republic Act (RA) No. 9163. The law provides an opportunity for the youth to directly contribute in nation building.

As I have said earlier every student should finish in any of the NSTP three (3) components. Reserved Officers Training Corps or simply ROTC deals with military training that will motivate, train, organize, and mobilize students or youth for

national defense preparedness. While Civic Welfare Training Service provides an opportunity for students to share their time, talent, energy, and resources with marginalized communities or sectors. And the program component that designed to train students to teach literacy and... [continues]

• MLA 7  
• CHICAGO  

(2013, 03). National Service Training Program. OtherPapers.com . Retrieved 03, 2013, from https://www.otherpapers.com/essay/National-Service-Training-Program/43063.html

"National Service Training Program" OtherPapers.com . 03 2013. 2013. 03 2013 <https://www.otherpapers.com/essay/National-Service-Training-Program/43063.html>.

"National Service Training Program." OtherPapers.com . OtherPapers.com, 03 2013. Web. 03 2013. <https://www.otherpapers.com/essay/National-Service-Training-Program/43063.html>.

"National Service Training Program." OtherPapers.com. 03, 2013. Accessed 03, 2013. https://www.otherpapers.com/essay/National-Service-Training-Program/43063.html.

We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. By continuing we’ll assume you’re on board with our cookie policy

National Service Training Program (NSTP)

• Word count: 2552
• Category: Service

A limited time offer! Get a custom sample essay written according to your requirements urgent 3h delivery guaranteed

God has been in this documentation, in giving such strength and guidance that accomplish this documentation paper. I would like to thank and extend my profound gratitude to those who helped me, such a way and even in a small way. Mr. Romy G. Ebi, my subject teacher who gave his valuable guidance for his worthy advice and warm support during the implementation of our OUTREACH PROGRAM. Finally, I wishes to express my unending thanks to my parents who made scarifies, financial and moral support which made this outreach program a successful one. Thank you!

-The Author-

DEDICATION My family and friends who helped with the mundane activities of daily living valuable guidance for her worthy advice and warm support during the implementation of our outreach program. And to our teacher who allowed us to write and construct a action paper and who support and give us strength and encouragement in all our endeavors. We dedicate also this Action plan to all the AMAers who give information. To our almighty GOD who always protecting and guiding us in our daily living. To all who mentioned above for without you this action plan will not be successful one.

INTRODUCTION

National Service Training Program (NSTP) is a program aimed at enhancing civic consciousnessand defense preparedness in the youth by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three program components. Its various components are specially designed to enhance youth’s active contribution to the general welfare. This Act was made to answer the movement to abolish ROTC and others to create reform of the program. The Act affirmed that the prime duty of the government was to serve and protect its citizens. In turn, it shall be the responsibility of all the citizens to defend the security of the State and because of this the government may require each citizen to render personal, military or civil service. Recognizing the youth’s vital role in national building, the State shall promote civic consciousness among the youth and shall develop their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism, nationalism and advance their involvement in public and civic affairs.

Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) – is a program institutionalized under sections 38 of RA 7077 designed to provide military training to tertiary level students in order to motivate, train, organize and mobilize them for national defense Literacy Training Service (LTS) – is a program designed to train students to become teachers of literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out of school youth, and other segments of society in need of their service. Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) – refers to programs or activities contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community of the enhancement of its facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and morals of the citizenry. CWTS is an avenue for students, the youth to partake in the general welfare of the community. Its intention is to promote a more community based activity that the students can involve themselves through immersions and program planning.

An acronym was coined for the NSTP-CWTS dimensions of development, SERVICE. This stands for: S-afety and Security E-ducation R-ecreation V-alues Formation and Moral Recovery I-ndustry and Entrepreneurship C-are for Health E-nvironment 1. Safety and Security – This area involves disaster preparedness during fire, earthquake or other calamity that needs immediate response from any trained civilians during emergency situations. Basic life saving seminar, fire drill and the like are some of these examples. 2. Education – This area involves enhancement of institutional support materials and facilities for the community and school such as providing materials containing basic literacy skills for pre-schoolers, alternative learning system for out-of-school youths and adults, mathematics and science tutorials and extended services of skilled students. 3. Recreation – This area involves sports fest, parlor games for street children and painting that enrich youth’s capacities to relate with one another in the community. 4. Values Formation and Moral Recovery – This involves the development of youth to be good leaders, responsible individuals imbued with good moral values and active agent of development of the community. 5. Industry and Entrepreneurship

– This area includes programs and activities that are vital to economic growth. CWTS students demonstrate technical skills in communities like meat processing, silkscreen making and how to establish small business. 6. Care for Health – This area aims to give knowledge on medical-related fields and extend health services needed in the community. It includes medical services like first-aid operation, vaccination, info dissemination, basic life saving seminars, heath / nutrition technical assistance and training of youth to be first aid assistants. 7. Environment – This area inculcates environmental awareness and its contribution to health and related fields. It involves management of waste, environmental protection, dissemination and application of technologies supportive of the community needs and livelihood activities related to environment and other related fields supportive of the national

NARRATIVE REPORT ON HEALTH CARE SEMINAR AND FEEDING ROGRAM AT MALVAR, SANTIAGO CITY

Introduction: Children’s Feeding Program at designed to help children who have a medical or behavioral issue that impedes their feeding and growth. Treatment is geared to help a child overcome feeding issues and establish proper feeding and nutritional habits so that additional health problems can be avoided. Health care, or healthcare, refers to the treatment and management of illness, and the preservation of health through services offered by the medical, pharmaceutical, dental, clinical laboratory sciences (in vitro diagnostics), nursing, and allied health professions. Health care embraces all the goods and services designed to promote health, including “preventive, curative and palliative interventions, whether directed to individuals or to populations”.

Narrative report:

February 21, 2009, at Brgy . Malvar Santigo City AMA NSTP students held an Outreach Program it was the health care seminar and feeding program for the malnourish child of the said Barangay. At 7:00 in the morning Romy G. Ebi the NSTP adviser of AMACC students cheeked the attendance. At 7:30 we proceed to Malvar community center. At exactly 9 o’clock Health care seminar start. Nursing students manage the seminar, allied teach the Malvar selected children with proper nutrition. Before 10 o’clock parlor game (with prize) hosted by lolito and eric , and some singing intermission was done manage by the T1 concerned. At 10 o’ clock was the feeding program. And all AMACC NSTP students feed the child they choose. After the feeding program, brgy Malvar gave their message to thanks AMACC for helding our outreach to their brgy, then Nursing students demonstrate how to brush teeth in a proper way and all selected children of Malvar simultaneously Brush their teeth. Then last but not the least NSTP students clean the Malvar Community center. With the warm support of the brgy official of Malvar, and NSTP adviser, the first outreach program successfully done at exactly 5:00 pm.

NARRATIVE REPORT ON TREE PLANTING PROGRAM AT ILOT CORDON ISABELA.

Introduction: Trees…Release oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide to freshen the air we breathe. Each of us inhales 35 pounds of oxygen daily, all from plants. Every day, we need seven trees to convert our carbon dioxide to oxygen. Remove ozone and other air pollutants, as well as trap dust and dirt.. Save energy and reduce cooling costs. Trees strategically placed around a home can shade the home in the summer, cutting air-conditioning costs, and act as windbreaks in the winter, cutting heating costs. Trees also act like air conditioners, releasing cooling moisture into the air.

Last February 28, 2009 at Brgy. Ilot, Cordon, Isabela, AMACC Santiago Campus NSTP held the Tree Planting Program entitled “Sagip Kalikasan”. Section T1 was the section assigned to assist the tree planting. At exactly 7:00 am, all NSTP students proceed first in the Heritage first floor to check the attendance and tree guard of the students one by one. At 8:00 am is the arrival to DENR, Ilot, Cordon. At 8:30 am, everybody prepared their own tree guard, then the DENR officer show what is the proper way how to plant seedlings. At exactly 9:00, we proceed to the area where we can plant our seedling (Tagumbao).

And lastly, exactly 11:00 am the Tree Planting Program successfully done with the help of the DENR, NSTP adviser and with the coordination of AMACC Santiago Campus NSTP students.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this narrative report. I want to thank my beloved family for sending me to school and for the financial support. I want to thank my son and my husband who have been my constant inspiration and for the valuable word support extended to me I have furthermore to thank my fellow classmates who gave their best and cooperation in conducting the seminars. I am deeply indebted to my instructor, Mr. Romy Ebi whose help, stimulating suggestions and encouragement helped me in all the time and also in making this narrative report. And above all, to Almighty God, for giving us our strength and courage to overcome every problem and difficulty in fulfilling this study. DEDICATION

The current Action Paper is dedicated to our instructor , Mr.Romy Ebi, classmate, friends, parents, family, my husband and to my son for their continued support, encouragement, motivation, inspiration and understanding throughout the period of my studies. Without them, I wouldn’t have made it. Introduction

The Civic Welfare Training Servie (CWTS) is a program component of the National Service Training Program (NSTP)under the Republic Act N. 9163. The course is offered for two academic semesters with 6 units credit for both CWTS 1 (3 units) and CWTS 2 (3 units). The program activities are designed to contribute to the general welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the marginalized sectors of the community. The Civic Welfare Training Service 1 (CWTS 1) is the first phase in the year long implantation of the program. This first semester is focused on the basic orientation that grounds the implementation of the program in Ateneo de Davao University. Over and above the emphasis of CWTS on Citizenship and Role of the Youth, the Ateneo de Davao University takes this opportunity to include in its student formation the guiding principles for its Social Involvement. These principles are presented through the school’s Vision, Mission and Goals and find its founddation in the social teachings of the Church as well as that of the Society of Jesus. Through this basic orientation, CWTS 1 hopes to develop students who are prepared for the actual challenges of CWTS 2. General Objectives:

• The National Service Training Program (NSTP). To enhance civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth, by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to the general welfare. • Civic Welfare Training Service, as a component of the NSTP. To contribute to the general welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community. Activities are undertaken towards the improvement of health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation, morale of the citizenry and other social welfare concerns. TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction… Narrative Reports… Communication Letter… Attendance… Waiver… Committee… Programs… Documentation… Community Responses… AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE Heritage Building, Maharlika High-way Santiago City WAIVER March 14, 2009 MRS. JOSEPHINE G. GALO, MBM School Director AMA Computer College Santiago Campus Madame: This is to inform you that I approved the participation of my son/daughter ___________________________________ to attend the Drug Prevention Seminar at Barangay Malvar, Santiago City Isabela, held on March 14, 2009 at 7:30 o’clock in the morning. I have considered the benefits that my son/daughter will derive from this activity and with the understanding that every precaution will be taken to insure his/her safety during the said Program. Likewise I waive my rights to change the administration for any untoward incident hat is beyond the schools control. Very truly yours,

________________________________ Signature over printed Name of Parents AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE Heritage Building, Maharlika High-way Santiago City WAIVER March 14, 2009 MRS. JOSEPHINE G. GALO, MBM School Director AMA Computer College Santiago Campus Madame: This is to inform you that I approved the participation of my son/daughter ___________________________________ to attend the Tree Planting at Ilot Cordon, Isabela, held on February 28, 2009 at 7:30 o’clock in the morning. I have considered the benefits that my son/daughter will derive from this activity and with the understanding that every precaution will be taken to insure his/her safety during the said Program. Likewise I waive my rights to change the administration for any untoward incident hat is beyond the schools control. Very truly yours,

________________________________ Signature over printed Name of Parents TREE PLANTING Since I was in elementary, I wish I could change the world into one where there’s abundance instead of poverty, love instead of hatred, and peace instead of war, While change can be good, it can also devastating. Change will be difficult to achieve unless each individuals is willing to accept the fact that it has started within a person itself. It’s my fondest dream and not just a simple wish to see the beauty of GOD’s creation in its natural appearance. I’m a nature lover and admirer of the magnificent of creation. I have seen nature slowly determinate. I wish people would be more conscious in preserving whatever left of Mother Nature.

On February 28, 2009. We, the NSTP students together with our instructor Mr. Romy Ebi find a way to beautify our nature. As part of the NSTP requirements, we decided to plant trees to preserve our forests. One of the forest we chose to plant trees was in Ilot, Cordon, Isabela which we thought the forest needs more beautification and to help decrease the devastated forests particularly in ISABELA, our beloved town. We planted variety of plants like kalamansi, “Tuba tuba” herbal plant and others. We also made a tree guard which composed of four pegs around the plant for protection. Then watered the plants. DRUG PREVENTION

I still remember in the day and even now, there seem to have a downward slide in our morality. More and more crimes were committed which could have been prevented through discipline. Again, we, the NSTP students attended a seminar in our community which invokes the awareness on how to prevent Drug Addiction. With the Theme “Unity, The Key to Prevent Drug Addiction in our Community” and as a part of the community, we participated with the projects of our Barangay Officials together with the PNP in Santiago, to help and promote the awareness on Drug Addiction. Our guest speaker is from the PNP, Police Chief Inspector Pilarito Mallillin. He discusses important information about Drug Prevention like the Laws of PDEA; On how to spot a drug user; What is drug abuse; Different forms of drugs.; Effects of using drugs; Reason why people turn to drugs; and Common sign of drug abuse. Right after that… Our NSTP coordinator, Mr. Romy Ebi awards the certificate to the Guest Speaker and a closing remarks by Ms. Jazreel Bridget Brutas. Now, I wish that parents should more responsible in uplifting moral standards that will change and shape our future. Making the list of the things we want to change is never easy unless we learn from our mistakes and a total renewal immediately takes place.

Related Topics

We can write a custom essay

According to Your Specific Requirements

Sorry, but copying text is forbidden on this website. If you need this or any other sample, we can send it to you via email.

Copying is only available for logged-in users

If you need this sample for free, we can send it to you via email

By clicking "SEND", you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We'll occasionally send you account related and promo emails.

We have received your request for getting a sample. Please choose the access option you need:

With a 24-hour delay (you will have to wait for 24 hours) due to heavy workload and high demand - for free

Choose an optimal rate and be sure to get the unlimited number of samples immediately without having to wait in the waiting list

3 Hours Waiting For Unregistered user

Using our plagiarism checker for free you will receive the requested result within 3 hours directly to your email

Jump the queue with a membership plan, get unlimited samples and plagiarism results – immediately!

We have received your request for getting a sample

Only the users having paid subscription get the unlimited number of samples immediately.

How about getting this access immediately?

Or if you need this sample for free, we can send it to you via email.

Your membership has been canceled.

Your Answer Is Very Helpful For Us Thank You A Lot!

Emma Taylor

Hi there! Would you like to get such a paper? How about getting a customized one?

Get access to our huge, continuously updated knowledge base