interior design research paper thesis

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Past Thesis Titles

All M.F.A. students in Interior Architecture complete theses. Theses cover a wide range of topics within interior architecture and reflect the variety of student research interests. The thesis topic is developed by the student in concert with her/ his faculty in the first year of study. The following theses have been completed by graduate students since 1990. All IAR theses since 2005 are available online through the UNCG Library .

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Thesis - Interior adaptation within the existing built environment. A comparative study of restoration, preservation and adaptive reuse

This thesis explores the fundamental aspects of interior architecture regarding the existing built environment. It focuses on the necessity of restoration, preservation and adaptive reuse as possible solutions when approaching a new project concerning an existing building. Through the study of books, current journals and relevant projects, a universal understanding is formed about approaches that can be used to react to the existing built environment. Also discussed are the more challenging situations that can arise, such as how to deal with heritage, contentious places or the concept of memory of place. Examples and case studies are worldwide to appeal to a greater audience. The thesis outlines and defines possibilities for repairing, restoring, and protecting the existing built environment while keeping them practical in the current time. Before concluding the thesis, a design project, done in conjunction with the thesis, is discussed and explores how the different approaches and interventions discussed can be used to react to a site based on the specific site’s history, value and intangible qualities.

Related Papers

Iran University of Science & Technology

Ehsan Masoud

Changing and repurposing existing buildings for their continued use was quite common in the past and structurally safe buildings were adapted to meet new functions and needs. In modern conservation theory, Adaptive Reuse is an important means of preserving cultural heritage. The main question is what are the priorities and shortcomings of adaptive reuse theoretical references within interior architecture based on comparative study with Nara Document parameters. The research method of this study is qualitative, with logical argument as a strategy. The priorities were studied and then the most important weaknesses and drawbacks of these approaches to Adaptive Reuse were analyzed in a comparative study with the Nara Grid by 32 semi-structured interviews with experts in the fields of Architecture, Interior architecture and conservation. The results show four main Adaptive Reuse priorities extracted from the reviewed literature: Host Space Function, Programmatic Approach to New Use, Tech...

Inas Abdelsabour

Existing old buildings were considered as the city’s culture reminder. By the time, they could be kept via adaptation for contemporary usages. That adopting considered the context of the environmental, social and economic idea of the prior eras, related to the building’s life cycle, that guided by local solutions. This paper started with the adaptation process definition with an evaluation of a number of building’s state to bring out the different potential outcomes for discussing the future adaptation possibilities, especially that known as “alterations and extensions”. Therefore, by rethinking of the new addition’s integration into the heritage buildings will support the heritage value and fit new functions to present innovative design process approaches in the field of heritage preservation’s design. By analysing some case studies, the study achieved some criteria for designing the alterations and extensions by making them an effective component in the design of old heritage buil...

Ramola Lewis

6-page report giving an overview of the topic - completed for Bachelors degree in Architecture

Natascha Meuser

The architectural monuments of every society form a part of its cultural heritage and must be preserved for future generations. Today this process involves a range of complex challenges. The conservation of monuments entails not only assessing and evaluating those monuments but also engaging in a wide range of public relations activities. The aim of this course is therefore to help students gain a good working knowledge of architectural fundamentals as well as architectural history and theory. As such, this lecture series is divided into three broad modules: • History and Theory • Methods and Tools • Concepts and Projects During the course students will undertake a great deal of research, developing their own questions and viewpoints and gaining academic insights. They will work their way through academic tasks and apply what they have learnt to investigate a research question of their own choice.

REDUCE, REUSE, RETHINK AND PRESERVE: THE REUSE OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS AS A STRATEGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND HERITAGE APPRECIATION (Atena Editora)

Atena Editora

This article seeks to explore adaptive reuse as a form of connection between the preservation of architectural and urban heritage and the sustainability of the built environment. Reuse in architecture can make the use of spaces more effective while preserving memory, as new life is given to buildings that have potential for use. Furthermore, bringing new function to an underutilized or disused historic building means avoiding complete demolition and less need for construction. Historic buildings represent much more than simply a physical construction, but also something that brings identity and character to the city and serves as a witness to the history of the place. Adaptive reuse is considered a preservation strategy; however it is only effective if it brings social fruition to the building. In this study, the category of reuse represents a new way of conceiving architecture in the 21st century. In this context, we discuss the reasons that make the reuse of architecture and urban ambience a viable alternative, in many cases, for the sustainable preservation of heritage and for the best use of a potential built environment. The criteria that make adaptive reuse an effective strategy for both environmental sustainability and heritage preservation are also presented and discussed. To be considered sustainable, adaptive reuse must preserve the historical value of the building and, at the same time, holistically bring social, economic and environmental advantages to it.

IntechOpen eBooks

Maya Hassan

nilufer saglar onay

Interior architecture is mainly concerned with adapting existing buildings to new uses and requirements. While determining the extent of intervention, the historic and cultural background of the building plays a very important role. Therefore in adaptive reuse, before starting to develop design proposals, buildings of cultural significance need to be analyzed carefully in order to determine architectural and spatial potentials. This paper aims to evaluate the process and results of a design studio, which was realized during 2014-2015 Fall Semester in the ITU Department of Interior Architecture. The main purpose of the studio experience was to create adaptive reuse proposals for a historic commercial building by focusing on the theme of “functional unity”. In the first phase of the study, course program was organized in three basic steps: analyzing spatial potential, determining compatible use and developing project proposals. At the end of every step there was a jury to evaluate each phase. Every step had its own priorities and criteria for the jury. After evaluations project proposals were classified according to their main foci as well as advantages and disadvantages of different approaches in terms of functional unity. As a result it was observed that in historic buildings there are different ways of maintaining functional unity based on the intention of the intervention. While identifying compatible use or uses for a historic building, functional unity needs to be evaluated as one of the basic design criteria in order to retain its cultural significance. This is mainly because a historic building can fully reveal it’s potential only if it is experienced and evaluated as a whole.

Esra Ozkan Yazgan

In this study, the Museum of Innocence, a personal museum fictionalized in parallel to Orhan Pamuk's novel of the same name, is examined in context of adaptive re-use on the basis of its adaptive reuse fiction directing the transformation of the Brukner Apartment. By reason of the fact that it is built both in architectural and literal fields collaterally, the Museum of Innocence has an unusual transformation story created within the intersection of fact and fiction. On that sense, as promoting an alternative way to reuse a historical house, it sets a unique example to discuss the transformation and evolution of residential environment and its sustainability within the urban context. Through the study, the transformation process of the Brukner Apartment and the dynamics of this transformation are discussed. Focusing on the method of the transformation and the content of the new usage, creation of the adaptive reuse fiction in collaboration of architecture and literature through an interdisciplinary dialog and configuration of the content of the fiction to be based on everyday life practices are highlighted. Analyzing the new spatial situation of the Museum of Innocence, success of the adaptive re-use fiction to ensure the sustainability of urban, cultural and social structure is exposed.

Jack Chongbut

Winsor house has a long standing continuous history for 100 years. It presents a unique setting especially with its architectural styles, its land use components and spatial patterns reflecting the change of their living’s patterns. The characteristics of the house is generally crowed, placed in rows and separated by narrow walkways; some ancient style wooden houses. This report is focused on the cultural significance of Winsor house and proposing a conservational plan of this house and contributing to the general understanding of its value and how to conserve the house for cultural tourism. There is need for a conservational plan to be presented to the community, local government, private and government sectors in order to set a conservational plan. These conservational and developing plans should avoid adverse impacts on the authenticity and physical aspects of cultural heritage. Clearly, there is a need to conserve its cultural heritage attractions. And this affords the opportunity to enhance tourism’s economic contribution to a community and a country. Therefore, these conservational and developing plans can be the tool to create a future in which a stable residential core is enlivened and sustained by a widespread system of retail activities, supported by essential infrastructure and community facilities and made more attractive by well-maintained open spaces and monuments.

Dicle AYDIN

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Aesthetic Evaluation of Interior Design Based on Visual Features

In the modern context, interior design has inevitably become a part of social culture. All kinds of modeling, decoration and furnishings in modern interior space show people's pursuit and desire for a better life. These different styles of modern interior design rely on science and technology, utilize culture and art as the connotation. Its development often reflects the cultural spirit of a nation. The aesthetic evaluation plays an important role in the modern interior design. With development of derivative digital devices, a large number of digital images have been emerged. The rapid development of computer vision and artificial intelligence makes aesthetic evaluation for interior design become automatic. This paper implements an intelligent aesthetic evaluation of interior design framework to help people choose the appropriate and effective interior design from collected images or mobile digital devices.

Effect of Variable Conditions of Exposure on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Blockboards

The growing demand for wood and the continued increase of the raw material price have resulted in companies using more efficient wood resources in wood-based products such as blockboard. These boards are used in the field of interior design, especially. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of variable environmental conditions on the physical and mechanical properties of blockboard (BK). Two types of commercial BK were exposed in variable environmental conditions (kitchen, bathroom and climatic chamber) for three months. The BK structures were composed of veneer (V) and high-density fibreboards (HDF) for the face sheets and glued, solid wood, resinous strips for the core. The temperature and relative humidity of the air (RH) ranged from 18 °C to 25 °C and from 25% to 90%, respectively. In the climatic chamber (CC), the dynamics of the parameter variations were different than in the other two exposure climates, being determined by the programmed cyclic changes in RH. The changes observed on physical and mechanical properties were more extreme for the blockboards tested in the CC than in the kitchen (K) and bathroom (Ba). After 3 months of exposure in the CC, the thickness and weight of the boards increased by 1.8 and 1.1 times, respectively, for veneered BK, and by 4.4 and 0.4 times, for BK with HDF faces, compared to values recorded in the kitchen. The panels exposed in the CC exhibited the highest increase in moisture content (MC): 41% for veneered BK and 82% for BK with HDF faces after three months of exposure, followed by those exposed in the bathroom and kitchen. Increases in MC determined decreases of flexural properties and soundness surfaces, more evident for HDF face structures compared to V ones.

Natural Fibre Insulation Materials: Use of Textile and Agri-food Waste in a Circular Economy Perspective

AbstractFibrous materials are among those most used for the thermal and acoustic insulation of building envelopes and are also suitable for a wide range of applications. In building construction, the demand for products with low environmental impact — in line with the Green Deal challenge of the European Community — is growing, but the building market is still mostly oriented towards traditional products, missing the many opportunities for using waste materials from existing industrial production. The paper presents the experimental results of new thermal and acoustic insulation products for building construction and interior design, based on previous experiences of the research group. They are produced entirely using waste sheep’s wool as a “matrix” and other waste fibres as “fillers”. The materials proposed originate from textile and agri-industrial chains in the Piedmont region and have no uses other than waste-to-heat biomass. The panels have characteristics of rigidity, workability, and thermal conductivity that make them suitable for building envelope insulation.

The impact of independent campus learning program (MBKM) through matching fund program for lecturers, students and partners in Minggirsari Village, Blitar

One of the activities in the implementation of the Independent Campus Learning Program (MBKM) has been implemented through the Matching Fund program which was held in Minggirsari Village, Blitar. This activity has succeeded in establishing the Creative Economy and Tourism Research Center. The potential of Minggirsari village is divided into 17 sub-sectors based on creative economy sub sector, namely game development, architecture, interior design, music, fine arts, product design, fashion, culinary, film-animation-video, photography, visual communication design, TV-radio, crafts, advertising, performing arts, publishing and applications. The synergy between intellectuals, business, and government is the main actor driving the birth of creativity, ideas, science and technology that are vital for the growth of creative industries in Indonesia. Based on the existing potential, this activity provides the widest possible learning space to improve students' ability in creative thinking and critical thinking to enter the business world. In addition, this activity is also a forum for lecturers to develop research results on the creative economy. This activity also facilitates village residents to get provisions in developing their potential to help build Minggirsari village into a creative economy village. For this reason, this research is expected to be able to measure the impact resulting from learning activities that have been carried out through the matching fund program for lecturers, students and partners. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data analysis in this study used descriptive data analysis methods.

Research on Optimization of Climate Responsive Indoor Space Design in Residential Buildings

This paper first analyzes the climate characteristics of five typical cities in China, including Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Kunming. Then, based on Grasshopper, Ladybug and Honeybee analysis software, according to the indoor layout of typical residential buildings, this research extracts design parameters such as the depth and width of different rooms and their window-to-wall ratios etc., to establish a climate responsive optimization design process with indoor lighting environment comfort, with heating and cooling demand as the objective functions. Meanwhile, based on Monte Carlo simulation data, ANN (Artificial Neural Network) is used to establish a prediction model to analyze the sensitivity of interior design parameters under different typical cities’ climatic conditions. The study results show that the recommended values for the total width and total depth of indoor units under the climatic conditions of each city are both approximately 14.97 m and 7.88 m. Among them, under the climatic conditions of Harbin and Shenzhen, the design parameters of residential interiors can take the recommended value of UDI optimal or nZEB optimal. While the recommended values of window-to-wall ratios for the north bedroom, master bedroom and living room in Shanghai residential interiors are 0.26, 0.32 and 0.33, respectively. The recommended value of the window-to-wall ratio of the master bedroom in Kunming residences is 0.36, and that of the remaining rooms is between 0.15 and 0.18. The recommended values of window-to-wall ratios for the master bedroom and living room in Beijing residences are 0.41 and 0.59, respectively, and that for the remaining rooms are 0.15. The multi-objective optimization process based on parametric performance simulation used in the study can effectively assist architects in making energy-saving design decisions in the preliminary stage, allowing architects to have a case to follow in the actual design operation process.

A review of research in activity-based working over the last ten years: lessons for the post-COVID workplace

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to map and describe findings from research conducted in workspaces designed to support activity-based working (ABW) over the past 10 years (2010–2020) with a view of informing post-COVID workplaces of the positive and negative attributes of ABW. Design/methodology/approach Scopus was used as the search engine for this review. Papers which reported findings related to ABW and performed field study in ABW workspaces with adult occupants were included. Out of the 442 initial papers, 40 papers were included following iterative title and abstract and full text review process and consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria. These papers were divided into three groupings (organizational, human and physical environment) based on their major focus. Positive and negative effects of ABW environments on occupants are discussed within these three topics in consideration of the implications for the post-COVID workplace. Findings Although the included studies were inclined to be either more positive (i.e. interior design) or negative (i.e. indoor environmental quality, productivity, distraction and privacy) in relation to various attributes of ABW, no single effect of ABW environments on occupants was in full agreement between the studies. The shortcomings of ABW environments are more related to how this way of working is implemented and how occupants use it, rather than the concept itself. A partial uptake of ABW leads to occupants’ dissatisfaction, lower productivity and lower well-being, while a holistic approach increases the chance of success. It is hypothesised that many currently reported negative aspects of the ABW concept might diminish overtime as ABW evolves and as new challenges arise. A continuous post-occupancy evaluation after relocation to an ABW-supportive environment can inform the organization about the changing needs and preference of the occupants; hence, the organization can tailor the ABW solution to the arising needs. The inter-connection between the three key ABW pillars (organizational, human and physical environment) is crucial to the success of this concept specifically in the context of the post-COVID-19 workplace. Originality/value This paper highlights the key shortcomings and limitations of studies produced over the past decade and identifies keys gaps in the current body of literature. It provides a new insight on how findings related to open-plan offices designed to support ABW can be categorized on the three big heading of organizational, physical and human-related aspects, and further investigates the positive and negatives outcomes reported on ABW under these headings. It also discusses how the findings arising from this literature review can inform the post-COVID workplace.

A Pedagogical Model to Integrate Computational Thinking Logic to First Year Design Studio

Today, computational thinking and computational design approaches transform almost all stages of architectural practice and education. In this context, since students are most likely to encounter computers, in this study, the approach of teaching students computational design logic is adopted instead of teaching how to use computers only as a drafting or representation tool. This study focuses on developing a pedagogical model that aims to teach computational thinking logic and analog computing through a design process. The proposed model consists of four modules as follows: abstraction of music and text (Module 1), decomposition of buildings (Module 2), analysis of body-space (Module 3), design of a space by the help of spatial patterns (Module 4). The proposed model is applied to first-year students in Interior Design Studio in the 2019-2020 fall semester. As a result of Module 4, students designed both anticipated and unanticipated spaces in an algorithmic way.

Interior Design of the Residential Architecture Based on Graphic Methods A Case study of Rahimi's house in Garmsar

Innovation mode of architectural interior design based on big data, early interior design magazines in germany, 1890–1914, export citation format, share document.

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Research Paper On Interior Design

Type of paper: Research Paper

Topic: Architecture , Building , Space , Love , Real Estate , Design , Feeling , Interior

Words: 2500

Published: 01/29/2020

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Interior design

A look at the history of art and architecture, it is clear that architecture has undergone significant changes mostly in depiction and areas of concentration. This can be attributed to change of focus and sources of design from the exterior aspect of landscape design in building design to other aspects like space and illumination 2. The major changes in design were in the interior architecture which occurred in the 19th century. This was due to the widespread civilization that was taking place in almost all areas of the world. This also impacted heavily on building architecture as well as the filming industry 2. One of the major impacts of changes in the aspects of interior design was exhibited in movies from Hollywood. The films shifted their changes from the exterior appearance of mega structures to the interior layout and arrangement of the structures (rooms and space utilization). This appeared to fill the gap that was missing in the refreshment and house arrangement layouts in the preceding periods of art. This was one of the major improvements to be witnessed in the filming industry that appeared to move great masses of people and designers. The other aspect that can be claimed to have accelerated and facilitated the development of interior design was space continuity. This is well exhibited in the early twentieth century structures which appeared to pay more attention to the interior organization of space and continuity. Lastly, illumination of the interior played a very important role in the development of interior design architecture 1. This was exhibited in a number of Hollywood movies that were produced around the same time in history. - Henry R. Architecture: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Penguin Books 1977 - Holden J Universal Principles of Design, Massachusetts: Rockport Publishers 2010 The illumination part of interior design affected greatly building architecture where the designers were forced to put into consideration matters pertaining to interior organization of a building so as to ensure that all sections of the building were well illuminated. One building design that is fully rooted in this aspect of interior design is the open floor layout or the famous pillar wall building. The most historic piece of architecture under this category is the Barcelona pavilion which was designed in 1928 and construction completed in 1932. With the style gaining application and consideration in the building architecture, this paper attempts to look into the style and explain some of the factors that might have influenced it. The paper also tries to analyze the style and its application in modern architecture. The paper uses Crystal Palace and Exhibition Hall of 1851 which was designed by Sir Joseph Paxton in its analysis of interior design. Crystal palace was designed and constructed in London by the above named architect. The building designed initially for exhibition of the best technologies of the time but at the end of the day became an item for the exhibition. It was built using cast iron for support and glass plates to fill the walls and the ceiling. This made the building to be well illuminated even without any lighting system. This made the place to be best suited since most technologies required enough illumination, which was taken care of very easily. The building was 564 meters long and interior height of about 39 meters. The space available for exhibition was approximately 92, 000 m2. This building was built only for the international exhibition thus the very goal was to create just a temporary and cheap building for the set purpose 1. - Henry R. Architecture: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Penguin Books 1977 This made the economic value of the building to play a very important role in estimating and even dictating the size of the structure. However, the exhibition had to take place within the building thus the interior was to be designed in a manner that the space inside had to be maximized.

Thesis statement

The structure of this building forms the basic thesis of this paper. In short, the main thesis of this paper is: interior design of crystal palace and factors that influenced the interior structure of the building. Other factors also considered are the political aspects that appeared to have influenced the interior structure as well as the basic factors of an interior design.

Crystal palace

This building was built following a need for a quick fix so as to have an arena for international technology exhibition. Due to time constraint that the country was facing before the exhibition, the best structure would only be temporary. This made it to have some conditions which might have facilitated its structure. These conditions include: the illumination had to be efficient so as to ensure that minimal costs were incurred in lighting the palace, the building was to be as economical as possible, the floor space had to be the maximum possible and general structure had to remain simple and temporary. These were the main guidelines which made the building to have such a simple structure as it had. Viewing this structure from an interior design perspective, it can be claimed to be a very effective masterpiece in interior design. The main aspects of the design that can be claimed to have been profoundly exhibited are discussed below. - White A. The Elements of Graphic Design, New York, NY: Allworth Press 2011

Illumination

In many designs prior to consideration of interior design, the aspect of illumination was mostly left out in the design phase. This often led to having some elements of the design being faulty or some areas in the actual structure having poor illumination. This led to development of structures that had aerial illumination which served as the only source of natural lighting in the structures 3. However, some structures had this problem still since only the ground floor and the topmost floor had enough of this illumination. Taking a close look at this structure, the architect designed it more like a greenhouse for horticultural products. In any greenhouse, the main aspect to consider is illumination. This is led to the suggestion of the architect to use glass sheets instead of brick walls. This highly improved the illumination of the house and it can be claimed to have aided greatly in reducing lighting costs of the palace since it was well lit by the natural light. The use of glass also played a very significant role in reducing the total cost of constructing the palace. This was because hard glass sheets were easily acquired in London as per that time and iron which was to be sued for support was in plenty. This led to the interior design of the palace being a very spectacular scene that fascinated many due to the great illumination that it had.

Though this was not fully considered by the architect, the use of open floor layout and transparent walls and ceiling played a very important role in maintaining continuity 3. This is well illustrated by use of glass as the main elements in walls and ceiling. Continuity allowed light to pass through and probably the people outside to feel that their vision is continuous through the walls of the building. - White A. The Elements of Graphic Design, New York, NY: Allworth Press 2011 Though this aspect was not developed uniquely for interior design, it also played a very significant role in creating continuous motion within the palace for the exhibition.

This aspect of interior design can be closely continuity. This aspect was maximized by the use of glass walls which were thin compared to building brick walls. This was one of the major aspects that had to be considered in the construction of this building. Open floor layout made the space continuous and easily accessible from any point within the building.

Critical aspects of interior design considered while constructing this building

- Balance and focal point. This is interior design aspect that dictates distribution of things within the room. Taking the palace as a single room or many rooms with a function of exhibition, symmetrical distribution was the consideration 4. This was mostly evidenced by almost uniform illumination taking all points to have equal focus at the exhibition. If the balance was to be asymmetrical, an aspect like continuity would not have been evidenced in the design. The open layout format of the floor would also have had no significance calling for segmentation of the palace and each segment having its own focal point. However, a radial balance appears to have had also played a significant role since the distribution would have certain points of focus on top of having uniform illumination. - Emphasis. This aspect is more like focus but deals especially with a single point of interest in an interior design. This means that the point of principal focus in the interior design have to contain the main theme of the design like artistic works and illumination. Taking a look this interior, there were trees and statues. - James H. The 5 critical aspects of interior design, 2012, retrieved from http://www.ldbdesign.com/the-5-critical-aspects-of-interior-design These acted as additional beauty to the interior of the palace and the power of man over nature. This emphasis created a feeling of ecological balance and the environmental diversity that existed as per that time 4. Another element of emphasis present in the palace was the segmentation. The segments appeared to have been put into sections for easier identification of what one wanted to see or the stand that he/she wanted to visit. The necessary emphasis was put by use of bright colors and oblique angle of projection to create a feeling of extension on the other side. - Unity. This is an interior design aspect that ties the whole room or palace together 4. It creates a feeling of continuity and harmony. This is mostly done by proper organization of the floor space and other facilities in the room. To achieve this mainly in the walls, colors are used. The colors used usually flow or augur well in harmony creating a cool effect with harmonious motion. For example, the use of cool colors might create harmony and unity in an interior. In the given place, the architect used glass walls to maintain continuity. This aspect greatly increased the harmony of the palace and made it appear one room in spite of its great size. The harmony was also emphasized by the use of great artistic works on display as well as inclusion of trees to indicate ecological balance. There were not competing elements in the palace like conflicting colors or use of solid iron walls instead of continuous glass which would have created a disorganization effect in the building. - Proportion. This is the aspect that relates what is found in a certain interior to the size of the room. If the interior is physically larger than its contents, it appears that there exists some imbalance which creates a feeling emptiness 4. On the other hand, having too many things in a certain interior creates a feeling of the space being too squeezed. Both of these scenarios create a feeling of space misappropriation. Therefore, for proportion to exist, everything must appear in its place and the place most be well organized. Looking for such features in the building, it is clear that the proportionality of the space was well managed. Taking into consideration the event that the interior had to host, it required quite a large floor space which was vital in design consideration. For this reason, open floor layout worked as the best remedy and pillars offered little obstruction to the proportionality aspect 6. As a result, this building can therefore be considered to be proportional to the use or intended occupancy during the occasion. It didn’t appear excessively squeezed of under populated to leave a lot of unused space. - Movement. This is the last very critical aspect of interior design which tries to analyze movement within a room. It dictates that the room arrangement and construction should be designed such that movement is free and effective. To achieve this, strategic planning must be considered. Trying to find this element in the palace, movement was enhanced by continuity and illumination. The open floor layout also played a very important role in the movement within the palace. To begin with, the intended purpose of the building was exhibition. During an exhibition, items on display must be arranged in a way to allow fast and effective movement of people with minimal obstruction. To maintain support and ease of movement, the building was supported by use of iron pillars inside 5. These pillars of support offered minimal obstruction compared to using the brick walls. Continuity due to enough illumination also played a very role in ensuring that people were able to move freely without any ‘visible end’ of the structure. - Pile J. Interior Design, New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc 2007 - Kilmer W. Designing Interior, Orland, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc 1992 Looking at some economical, political and other national aspects like social norms, it appears that the most significant contribution towards this interior design was the economic status. On political aspect, the country or region was very much politically neutral thus no effects of politics in the structure were visible. Social norms were also not exhibited in any way since the design was from an agricultural perspective where everything had to remain simple and temporal 5. Economic status of the project contributed greatly. The project was temporary thus the cost was to be minimized. This led to use of iron and glass to construct the building due to the ease or re-usability of the materials after demolition of the original building 6. In conclusion, the building was made using simple materials for temporal use only. However, it opened up the minds of architects who then began considering better interior organization, illumination and continuity of space within a building.

Holden J Universal Principles of Design, Massachusetts: Rockport Publishers, 2010 White A. The Elements of Graphic Design, New York, NY: Allworth Press 2011 Kilmer W. Designing Interior, Orland, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc 1992 Pile J. Interior Design, New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc, 2007 James H. The 5 critical aspects of interior design, 2012 retrieved from http://www.ldbdesign.com/the-5-critical-aspects-of-interior-design Henry R. Architecture: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Penguin Books, 1977

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