unique_ptr assignment operator

22.5 — std::unique_ptr

At the beginning of the chapter, we discussed how the use of pointers can lead to bugs and memory leaks in some situations. For example, this can happen when a function early returns, or throws an exception, and the pointer is not properly deleted.

Now that we’ve covered the fundamentals of move semantics, we can return to the topic of smart pointer classes. As a reminder, a smart pointer is a class that manages a dynamically allocated object. Although smart pointers can offer other features, the defining characteristic of a smart pointer is that it manages a dynamically allocated resource, and ensures the dynamically allocated object is properly cleaned up at the appropriate time (usually when the smart pointer goes out of scope).

Because of this, smart pointers should never be dynamically allocated themselves (otherwise, there is the risk that the smart pointer may not be properly deallocated, which means the object it owns would not be deallocated, causing a memory leak). By always allocating smart pointers on the stack (as local variables or composition members of a class), we’re guaranteed that the smart pointer will properly go out of scope when the function or object it is contained within ends, ensuring the object the smart pointer owns is properly deallocated.

C++11 standard library ships with 4 smart pointer classes: std::auto_ptr (removed in C++17), std::unique_ptr, std::shared_ptr, and std::weak_ptr. std::unique_ptr is by far the most used smart pointer class, so we’ll cover that one first. In the following lessons, we’ll cover std::shared_ptr and std::weak_ptr.

std::unique_ptr

std::unique_ptr is the C++11 replacement for std::auto_ptr. It should be used to manage any dynamically allocated object that is not shared by multiple objects. That is, std::unique_ptr should completely own the object it manages, not share that ownership with other classes. std::unique_ptr lives in the <memory> header.

Let’s take a look at a simple smart pointer example:

Because the std::unique_ptr is allocated on the stack here, it’s guaranteed to eventually go out of scope, and when it does, it will delete the Resource it is managing.

Unlike std::auto_ptr, std::unique_ptr properly implements move semantics.

This prints:

Because std::unique_ptr is designed with move semantics in mind, copy initialization and copy assignment are disabled. If you want to transfer the contents managed by std::unique_ptr, you must use move semantics. In the program above, we accomplish this via std::move (which converts res1 into an r-value, which triggers a move assignment instead of a copy assignment).

Accessing the managed object

std::unique_ptr has an overloaded operator* and operator-> that can be used to return the resource being managed. Operator* returns a reference to the managed resource, and operator-> returns a pointer.

Remember that std::unique_ptr may not always be managing an object -- either because it was created empty (using the default constructor or passing in a nullptr as the parameter), or because the resource it was managing got moved to another std::unique_ptr. So before we use either of these operators, we should check whether the std::unique_ptr actually has a resource. Fortunately, this is easy: std::unique_ptr has a cast to bool that returns true if the std::unique_ptr is managing a resource.

Here’s an example of this:

In the above program, we use the overloaded operator* to get the Resource object owned by std::unique_ptr res, which we then send to std::cout for printing.

std::unique_ptr and arrays

Unlike std::auto_ptr, std::unique_ptr is smart enough to know whether to use scalar delete or array delete, so std::unique_ptr is okay to use with both scalar objects and arrays.

However, std::array or std::vector (or std::string) are almost always better choices than using std::unique_ptr with a fixed array, dynamic array, or C-style string.

Best practice

Favor std::array, std::vector, or std::string over a smart pointer managing a fixed array, dynamic array, or C-style string.

std::make_unique

C++14 comes with an additional function named std::make_unique(). This templated function constructs an object of the template type and initializes it with the arguments passed into the function.

The code above prints:

Use of std::make_unique() is optional, but is recommended over creating std::unique_ptr yourself. This is because code using std::make_unique is simpler, and it also requires less typing (when used with automatic type deduction). Furthermore, in C++14 it resolves an exception safety issue that can result from C++ leaving the order of evaluation for function arguments unspecified.

Use std::make_unique() instead of creating std::unique_ptr and using new yourself.

The exception safety issue in more detail

For those wondering what the “exception safety issue” mentioned above is, here’s a description of the issue.

Consider an expression like this one:

The compiler is given a lot of flexibility in terms of how it handles this call. It could create a new T, then call function_that_can_throw_exception(), then create the std::unique_ptr that manages the dynamically allocated T. If function_that_can_throw_exception() throws an exception, then the T that was allocated will not be deallocated, because the smart pointer to do the deallocation hasn’t been created yet. This leads to T being leaked.

std::make_unique() doesn’t suffer from this problem because the creation of the object T and the creation of the std::unique_ptr happen inside the std::make_unique() function, where there’s no ambiguity about order of execution.

This issue was fixed in C++17, as evaluation of function arguments can no longer be interleaved.

Returning std::unique_ptr from a function

std::unique_ptr can be safely returned from a function by value:

In the above code, createResource() returns a std::unique_ptr by value. If this value is not assigned to anything, the temporary return value will go out of scope and the Resource will be cleaned up. If it is assigned (as shown in main()), in C++14 or earlier, move semantics will be employed to transfer the Resource from the return value to the object assigned to (in the above example, ptr), and in C++17 or newer, the return will be elided. This makes returning a resource by std::unique_ptr much safer than returning raw pointers!

In general, you should not return std::unique_ptr by pointer (ever) or reference (unless you have a specific compelling reason to).

Passing std::unique_ptr to a function

If you want the function to take ownership of the contents of the pointer, pass the std::unique_ptr by value. Note that because copy semantics have been disabled, you’ll need to use std::move to actually pass the variable in.

The above program prints:

Note that in this case, ownership of the Resource was transferred to takeOwnership(), so the Resource was destroyed at the end of takeOwnership() rather than the end of main().

However, most of the time, you won’t want the function to take ownership of the resource. Although you can pass a std::unique_ptr by reference (which will allow the function to use the object without assuming ownership), you should only do so when the called function might alter or change the object being managed.

Instead, it’s better to just pass the resource itself (by pointer or reference, depending on whether null is a valid argument). This allows the function to remain agnostic of how the caller is managing its resources. To get a raw resource pointer from a std::unique_ptr, you can use the get() member function:

std::unique_ptr and classes

You can, of course, use std::unique_ptr as a composition member of your class. This way, you don’t have to worry about ensuring your class destructor deletes the dynamic memory, as the std::unique_ptr will be automatically destroyed when the class object is destroyed.

However, if the class object is not destroyed properly (e.g. it is dynamically allocated and not deallocated properly), then the std::unique_ptr member will not be destroyed either, and the object being managed by the std::unique_ptr will not be deallocated.

Misusing std::unique_ptr

There are two easy ways to misuse std::unique_ptrs, both of which are easily avoided. First, don’t let multiple objects manage the same resource. For example:

While this is legal syntactically, the end result will be that both res1 and res2 will try to delete the Resource, which will lead to undefined behavior.

Second, don’t manually delete the resource out from underneath the std::unique_ptr.

If you do, the std::unique_ptr will try to delete an already deleted resource, again leading to undefined behavior.

Note that std::make_unique() prevents both of the above cases from happening inadvertently.

Question #1

Convert the following program from using a normal pointer to using std::unique_ptr where appropriate:

Show Solution

cppreference.com

std::unique_ptr:: operator=

Note that unique_ptr 's assignment operator only accepts rvalues , which are typically generated by std::move . (The unique_ptr class explicitly deletes its lvalue copy constructor and lvalue assignment operator.)

[ edit ] Parameters

[ edit ] return value, [ edit ] exceptions, [ edit ] example.

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std::unique_ptr

Defined in header <memory> .

Declarations ​

Description ​.

std::unique_ptr is a smart pointer that owns and manages another object through a pointer and disposes of that object when the unique_ptr goes out of scope.

The object is disposed of, using the associated deleter when either of the following happens:

the managing unique_ptr object is destroyed

the managing unique_ptr object is assigned another pointer via operator = or reset()

The object is disposed of, using a potentially user-supplied deleter by calling get_deleter()(ptr) . The default deleter uses the delete operator, which destroys the object and deallocates the memory.

A unique_ptr may alternatively own no object, in which case it is called empty .

There are two versions of std::unique_ptr :

• Manages a single object (e.g. allocated with new );
• Manages a dynamically-allocated array of objects (e.g. allocated with new[] ).

The class satisfies the requirements of MoveConstructible and MoveAssignable, but of neither CopyConstructible nor CopyAssignable.

Type requirements ​

Deleter must be FunctionObject or lvalue reference to a FunctionObject or lvalue reference to function, callable with an argument of type unique_ptr<T, Deleter>::pointer .

Only non-const unique_ptr can transfer the ownership of the managed object to another unique_ptr . If an object's lifetime is managed by a const std::unique_ptr , it is limited to the scope in which the pointer was created.

std::unique_ptr is commonly used to manage the lifetime of objects, including:

• Providing exception safety to classes and functions that handle objects with dynamic lifetime, by guaranteeing deletion on both normal exit and exit through exception;
• Passing ownership of uniquely-owned objects with dynamic lifetime into functions;
• Acquiring ownership of uniquely-owned objects with dynamic lifetime from functions;
• As the element type in move-aware containers, such as std::vector , which hold pointers to dynamically-allocated objects (e.g. if polymorphic behavior is desired).

std::unique_ptr may be constructed for an incomplete type T , such as to facilitate the use as a handle in the pImpl idiom. If the default deleter is used, T must be complete at the point in code where the deleter is invoked, which happens in the destructor, move assignment operator, and reset member function of std::unique_ptr . (Conversely, std::shared_ptr can't be constructed from a raw pointer to incomplete type, but can be destroyed where T is incomplete). Note that if T is a class template specialization, use of unique_ptr as an operand, e.g. !p requires T 's parameters to be complete due to ADL.

If T is a derived class of some base B , then std::unique_ptr<T> is implicitly convertible to std::unique_ptr<B> . The default deleter of the resulting std::unique_ptr<B> will use operator delete for B , leading to undefined behavior unless the destructor of B is virtual. Note that std::shared_ptr behaves differently: std::shared_ptr<B> will use the operator delete for the type T and the owned object will be deleted correctly even if the destructor of B is not virtual.

Unlike std::shared_ptr , std::unique_ptr may manage an object through any custom handle type that satisfies NullablePointer. This allows, for example, managing objects located in shared memory, by supplying a Deleter that defines typedef boost::offset_ptr pointer ; or another fancy pointer.

Member types ​

Member functions ​, modifiers ​, observers ​, single-object version, unique_ptr<t> ​, array version, unique_ptr<t[]> ​, non-member functions ​, helper classes ​.

• Declarations
• Description
• Member types
• Member functions
• Non-member functions
• Helper Classes

• <cassert> (assert.h)
• <cctype> (ctype.h)
• <cerrno> (errno.h)
• C++11 <cfenv> (fenv.h)
• <cfloat> (float.h)
• C++11 <cinttypes> (inttypes.h)
• <ciso646> (iso646.h)
• <climits> (limits.h)
• <clocale> (locale.h)
• <cmath> (math.h)
• <csetjmp> (setjmp.h)
• <csignal> (signal.h)
• <cstdarg> (stdarg.h)
• C++11 <cstdbool> (stdbool.h)
• <cstddef> (stddef.h)
• C++11 <cstdint> (stdint.h)
• <cstdio> (stdio.h)
• <cstdlib> (stdlib.h)
• <cstring> (string.h)
• C++11 <ctgmath> (tgmath.h)
• <ctime> (time.h)
• C++11 <cuchar> (uchar.h)
• <cwchar> (wchar.h)
• <cwctype> (wctype.h)

Containers:

• C++11 <array>
• <deque>
• C++11 <forward_list>
• <list>
• <map>
• <queue>
• <set>
• <stack>
• C++11 <unordered_map>
• C++11 <unordered_set>
• <vector>

Input/Output:

• <fstream>
• <iomanip>
• <ios>
• <iosfwd>
• <iostream>
• <istream>
• <ostream>
• <sstream>
• <streambuf>

Multi-threading:

• C++11 <atomic>
• C++11 <condition_variable>
• C++11 <future>
• C++11 <mutex>
• C++11 <thread>
• <algorithm>
• <bitset>
• C++11 <chrono>
• C++11 <codecvt>
• <complex>
• <exception>
• <functional>
• C++11 <initializer_list>
• <iterator>
• <limits>
• <locale>
• <memory>
• <new>
• <numeric>
• C++11 <random>
• C++11 <ratio>
• C++11 <regex>
• <stdexcept>
• <string>
• C++11 <system_error>
• C++11 <tuple>
• C++11 <type_traits>
• C++11 <typeindex>
• <typeinfo>
• <utility>
• <valarray>
• C++11 allocator_arg_t
• C++11 allocator_traits
• auto_ptr_ref
• C++11 bad_weak_ptr
• C++11 default_delete
• C++11 enable_shared_from_this
• C++11 owner_less
• C++11 pointer_traits
• raw_storage_iterator
• C++11 shared_ptr
• C++11 unique_ptr
• C++11 uses_allocator
• C++11 weak_ptr

enum classes

• C++11 pointer_safety
• C++11 addressof
• C++11 align
• C++11 allocate_shared
• C++11 const_pointer_cast
• C++11 declare_no_pointers
• C++11 declare_reachable
• C++11 dynamic_pointer_cast
• C++11 get_deleter
• C++11 get_pointer_safety
• get_temporary_buffer
• C++11 make_shared
• return_temporary_buffer
• C++11 static_pointer_cast
• C++11 undeclare_no_pointers
• C++11 undeclare_reachable
• uninitialized_copy
• C++11 uninitialized_copy_n
• uninitialized_fill
• uninitialized_fill_n
• C++11 allocator_arg
• C++11 unique_ptr::~unique_ptr
• C++11 unique_ptr::unique_ptr

member functions

• C++11 unique_ptr::get
• C++11 unique_ptr::get_deleter
• C++11 unique_ptr::operator bool
• C++11 /" title="unique_ptr::operator->"> unique_ptr::operator->
• C++11 unique_ptr::operator[]
• C++11 unique_ptr::operator*
• C++11 unique_ptr::operator=
• C++11 unique_ptr::release
• C++11 unique_ptr::reset
• C++11 unique_ptr::swap

non-member overloads

• C++11 relational operators (unique_ptr)
• C++11 swap (unique_ptr)
• operator->

std:: unique_ptr ::operator->

Return value.

• C++ Data Types
• C++ Input/Output
• C++ Pointers
• C++ Interview Questions
• C++ Programs
• C++ Cheatsheet
• C++ Projects
• C++ Exception Handling
• C++ Memory Management

Unique_ptr in C++

• std::unique in C++
• std::unique_copy in C++
• Unique() Function in R
• weak_ptr in C++
• std::make_unique in C++ 14
• shared_ptr in C++
• void Pointer in C++
• 'this' pointer in C++
• SQLite UNIQUE Constraint
• MySQL Unique Index
• forward_list::unique() in C++ STL
• auto_ptr in C++
• Mutex in C++
• C++ - Pointer to Structure
• Smart Pointers in C++
• References in C++
• strrchr() in C++
• Pointers and References in C++
• is_pointer Template in C++
• NULL Pointer in C++
• C++ Identifiers
• unordered_map cbegin in C++ STL
• ios manipulators unitbuf() function in C++
• PostgreSQL - UNIQUE Constraint
• Const Qualifier in C
• C++ | this pointer | Question 5
• C++ | this pointer | Question 2
• C++ | this pointer | Question 1
• C++ | this pointer | Question 3

std::unique_ptr is a smart pointer introduced in C++11. It automatically manages the dynamically allocated resources on the heap. Smart pointers are just wrappers around regular old pointers that help you prevent widespread bugs. Namely, forgetting to delete a pointer and causing a memory leak or accidentally deleting a pointer twice or in the wrong way. They can be used in a similar way to standard pointers. They automate some of the manual processes that cause common bugs.

Prerequisites: Pointer in C++ , Smart Pointers in C++.

• unique_ptr<A>: It specifies the type of the std::unique_ptr. In this case- an object of type A.
• new A : An object of type A is dynamically allocated on the heap using the new operator.
• ptr1 : This is the name of the std::unique_ptr variable.

What happens when unique_ptr is used?

When we write unique_ptr<A> ptr1 (new A), memory is allocated on the heap for an instance of datatype A. ptr1 is initialized and points to newly created A object. Here, ptr1 is the only owner of the newly created object A and it manages this object’s lifetime. This means that when ptr1 is reset or goes out of scope, memory is automatically deallocated and A’s object is destroyed.

When to use unique_ptr?

When ownership of resource is required. When we want single or exclusive ownership of a resource, then we should go for unique pointers. Only one unique pointer can point to one resource. So, one unique pointer cannot be copied to another. Also, it facilitates automatic cleanup when dynamically allocated objects go out of scope and helps preventing memory leaks.

Note: We need to use the <memory> header file for using these smart pointers.

Examples of Unique_ptr

Lets create a structure A and it will have a method named printA to display some text. Then in the main section, let’s create a unique pointer that will point to the structure A. So at this point, we have an instance of structure A and p1 holds the pointer to that.

Now let’s create another pointer p2 and we will try to copy the pointer p1 using the assignment operator(=).

The above code will give compile time error as we cannot assign pointer p2 to p1 in case of unique pointers. We have to use the move semantics for such purpose as shown below.

Managing object of type A using move semantics.

Note once the address in pointer p1 is copied to pointer p2, the pointer p1’s address becomes NULL(0) and the address stored by p2 is now the same as the address stored by p1 showing that the address in p1 has been transferred to the pointer p2 using the move semantics.

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40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 02 Mar 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy, materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes, offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

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Metallurgicheskii Zavod Electrostal AO (Russia)

In 1993 "Elektrostal" was transformed into an open joint stock company. The factory occupies a leading position among the manufacturers of high quality steel. The plant is a producer of high-temperature nickel alloys in a wide variety. It has a unique set of metallurgical equipment: open induction and arc furnaces, furnace steel processing unit, vacuum induction, vacuum- arc furnaces and others. The factory has implemented and certified quality management system ISO 9000, received international certificates for all products. Elektrostal today is a major supplier in Russia starting blanks for the production of blades, discs and rolls for gas turbine engines. Among them are companies in the aerospace industry, defense plants, and energy complex, automotive, mechanical engineering and instrument-making plants.

Headquarters Ulitsa Zheleznodorozhnaya, 1 Elektrostal; Moscow Oblast; Postal Code: 144002

Contact Details: Purchase the Metallurgicheskii Zavod Electrostal AO report to view the information.

Website: http://elsteel.ru

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Rosatom Starts Production of Rare-Earth Magnets for Wind Power Generation

TVEL Fuel Company of Rosatom has started gradual localization of rare-earth magnets manufacturing for wind power plants generators. The first sets of magnets have been manufactured and shipped to the customer.

In total, the contract between Elemash Magnit LLC (an enterprise of TVEL Fuel Company of Rosatom in Elektrostal, Moscow region) and Red Wind B.V. (a joint venture of NovaWind JSC and the Dutch company Lagerwey) foresees manufacturing and supply over 200 sets of magnets. One set is designed to produce one power generator.

“The project includes gradual localization of magnets manufacturing in Russia, decreasing dependence on imports. We consider production of magnets as a promising sector for TVEL’s metallurgical business development. In this regard, our company does have the relevant research and technological expertise for creation of Russia’s first large-scale full cycle production of permanent rare-earth magnets,” commented Natalia Nikipelova, President of TVEL JSC.

“NovaWind, as the nuclear industry integrator for wind power projects, not only made-up an efficient supply chain, but also contributed to the development of inter-divisional cooperation and new expertise of Rosatom enterprises. TVEL has mastered a unique technology for the production of magnets for wind turbine generators. These technologies will be undoubtedly in demand in other areas as well,” noted Alexander Korchagin, Director General of NovaWind JSC.

For reference:

TVEL Fuel Company of Rosatom incorporates enterprises for the fabrication of nuclear fuel, conversion and enrichment of uranium, production of gas centrifuges, as well as research and design organizations. It is the only supplier of nuclear fuel for Russian nuclear power plants. TVEL Fuel Company of Rosatom provides nuclear fuel for 73 power reactors in 13 countries worldwide, research reactors in eight countries, as well as transport reactors of the Russian nuclear fleet. Every sixth power reactor in the world operates on fuel manufactured by TVEL. www.tvel.ru

NovaWind JSC is a division of Rosatom; its primary objective is to consolidate the State Corporation's efforts in advanced segments and technological platforms of the electric power sector. The company was founded in 2017. NovaWind consolidates all of the Rosatom’s wind energy assets – from design and construction to power engineering and operation of wind farms.

Overall, by 2023, enterprises operating under the management of NovaWind JSC, will install 1 GW of wind farms. http://novawind.ru

Elemash Magnit LLC is a subsidiary of Kovrov Mechanical Plant (an enterprise of the TVEL Fuel Company of Rosatom) and its main supplier of magnets for production of gas centrifuges. The company also produces magnets for other industries, in particular, for the automotive

industry. The production facilities of Elemash Magnit LLC are located in the city of Elektrostal, Moscow Region, at the site of Elemash Machine-Building Plant (a nuclear fuel fabrication facility of TVEL Fuel Company).

Rosatom is a global actor on the world’s nuclear technology market. Its leading edge stems from a number of competitive strengths, one of which is assets and competences at hand in all nuclear segments. Rosatom incorporates companies from all stages of the technological chain, such as uranium mining and enrichment, nuclear fuel fabrication, equipment manufacture and engineering, operation of nuclear power plants, and management of spent nuclear fuel and nuclear waste. Nowadays, Rosatom brings together about 350 enterprises and organizations with the workforce above 250 K. https://rosatom.ru/en/

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