computer revolution essay introduction

The computer revolution: how it's changed our world over 60 years

The BlueGene/L supercomputer is presented to the [media] at the Lawerence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California, October 27, 2005. The BlueGene/L is the world's fastest supercomputer and will be used to ensure [U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile] is safe and reliable without testing. The BlueGene/L computer made by IBM can perform a record 280.6 trillion operations per second.

The BlueGene/L supercomputer can perform 280.6 trillion operations per second. Image: REUTERS/KimberlyWhite

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It is a truism that computing continues to change our world. It shapes how objects are designed, what information we receive, how and where we work, and who we meet and do business with. And computing changes our understanding of the world around us and the universe beyond.

For example, while computers were initially used in weather forecasting as no more than an efficient way to assemble observations and do calculations, today our understanding of weather is almost entirely mediated by computational models.

Another example is biology. Where once research was done entirely in the lab (or in the wild) and then captured in a model, it often now begins in a predictive model, which then determines what might be explored in the real world.

The transformation that is due to computation is often described as digital disruption . But an aspect of this transformation that can easily be overlooked is that computing has been disrupting itself.

Evolution and revolution

Each wave of new computational technology has tended to lead to new kinds of systems, new ways of creating tools, new forms of data, and so on, which have often overturned their predecessors. What has seemed to be evolution is, in some ways, a series of revolutions.

But the development of computing technologies is more than a chain of innovation – a process that’s been a hallmark of the physical technologies that shape our world.

For example, there is a chain of inspiration from waterwheel, to steam engine, to internal combustion engine. Underlying this is a process of enablement. The industry of steam engine construction yielded the skills, materials and tools used in construction of the first internal combustion engines.

In computing, something richer is happening where new technologies emerge, not only by replacing predecessors, but also by enveloping them. Computing is creating platforms on which it reinvents itself, reaching up to the next platform.

Getting connected

Arguably, the most dramatic of these innovations is the web. During the 1970s and 1980s, there were independent advances in the availability of cheap, fast computing, of affordable disk storage and of networking.

Compute and storage were taken up in personal computers, which at that stage were standalone, used almost entirely for gaming and word processing. At the same time, networking technologies became pervasive in university computer science departments, where they enabled, for the first time, the collaborative development of software.

This was the emergence of a culture of open-source development, in which widely spread communities not only used common operating systems, programming languages and tools, but collaboratively contributed to them.

As networks spread, tools developed in one place could be rapidly promoted, shared and deployed elsewhere. This dramatically changed the notion of software ownership, of how software was designed and created, and of who controlled the environments we use.

The networks themselves became more uniform and interlinked, creating the global internet, a digital traffic infrastructure. Increases in computing power meant there was spare capacity for providing services remotely.

The falling cost of disk meant that system administrators could set aside storage to host repositories that could be accessed globally. The internet was thus used not just for email and chat forums (known then as news groups) but, increasingly, as an exchange mechanism for data and code.

This was in strong contrast to the systems used in business at that time, which were customised, isolated, and rigid.

With hindsight, the confluence of networking, compute and storage at the start of the 1990s, coupled with the open-source culture of sharing, seems almost miraculous. An environment ready for something remarkable, but without even a hint of what that thing might be.

The ‘superhighway’

It was to enhance this environment that then US Vice President Al Gore proposed in 1992 the “ information superhighway ”, before any major commercial or social uses of the internet had appeared.

Meanwhile, in 1990, researchers at CERN, including Tim Berners-Lee , created a system for storing documents and publishing them to the internet, which they called the world wide web .

As knowledge of this system spread on the internet (transmitted by the new model of open-source software systems), people began using it via increasingly sophisticated browsers. They also began to write documents specifically for online publication – that is, web pages.

As web pages became interactive and resources moved online, the web became a platform that has transformed society. But it also transformed computing.

With the emergence of the web came the decline of the importance of the standalone computer, dependent on local storage.

We all connect

The value of these systems is due to another confluence: the arrival on the web of vast numbers of users. For example, without behaviours to learn from, search engines would not work well, so human actions have become part of the system.

There are (contentious) narratives of ever-improving technology, but also an entirely unarguable narrative of computing itself being transformed by becoming so deeply embedded in our daily lives.

This is, in many ways, the essence of big data. Computing is being fed by human data streams: traffic data, airline trips, banking transactions, social media and so on.

The challenges of the discipline have been dramatically changed by this data, and also by the fact that the products of the data (such as traffic control and targeted marketing) have immediate impacts on people.

Software that runs robustly on a single computer is very different from that with a high degree of rapid interaction with the human world, giving rise to needs for new kinds of technologies and experts, in ways not evenly remotely anticipated by the researchers who created the technologies that led to this transformation.

Decisions that were once made by hand-coded algorithms are now made entirely by learning from data. Whole fields of study may become obsolete.

The discipline does indeed disrupt itself. And as the next wave of technology arrives (immersive environments? digital implants? aware homes?), it will happen again.

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The history of computing is both evolution and revolution

Head, Department of Computing & Information Systems, The University of Melbourne

Disclosure statement

Justin Zobel does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

University of Melbourne provides funding as a founding partner of The Conversation AU.

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This month marks the 60th anniversary of the first computer in an Australian university. The University of Melbourne took possession of the machine from CSIRO and on June 14, 1956, the recommissioned CSIRAC was formally switched on. Six decades on, our series Computing turns 60 looks at how things have changed.

Evolution and revolution

But the development of computing technologies is more than a chain of innovation – a process that’s been a hallmark of the physical technologies that shape our world.

Getting connected

This was in strong contrast to the systems used in business at that time, which were customised, isolated, and rigid.

The ‘superhighway’

It was to enhance this environment that then US Vice President Al Gore proposed in 1992 the “ information superhighway ”, before any major commercial or social uses of the internet had appeared.

Meanwhile, in 1990, researchers at CERN, including Tim Berners-Lee , created a system for storing documents and publishing them to the internet, which they called the world wide web .

As web pages became interactive and resources moved online, the web became a platform that has transformed society. But it also transformed computing.

With the emergence of the web came the decline of the importance of the standalone computer, dependent on local storage.

We all connect

There are (contentious) narratives of ever-improving technology, but also an entirely unarguable narrative of computing itself being transformed by becoming so deeply embedded in our daily lives.

This is, in many ways, the essence of big data. Computing is being fed by human data streams: traffic data, airline trips, banking transactions, social media and so on.

Decisions that were once made by hand-coded algorithms are now made entirely by learning from data. Whole fields of study may become obsolete.

The discipline does indeed disrupt itself. And as the next wave of technology arrives (immersive environments? digital implants? aware homes?), it will happen again.

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Computer revolution

Also known as a digital revolution , a computer revolution is a point in time at which computers make a significant change to human civilization. There's been roughly four computer revolutions over the last century, each of which are described below.

Computer revolutions

Each computer revolution can be defined by the specific technology it introduced. Below is a breakdown of each major revolution and the decade it took place.

The advent of the integrated circuit in the 1960s led to the modern PC, helping businesses and communications companies around the globe.
In the 1980s, the personal computer came into being. It allowed home users to increase their education, productivity, and entertainment.
In the 1990s, the third revolution started when the Internet was introduced. This allowed almost every computer in the world to communicate with one another.
Modern mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets , were invented in the 2000s, adapting the functionality of computers to a smaller, portable form factor .

Related information

How many generations of computers are there?
When was the first computer invented?
Who invented the Internet?
Computer history index .

Generation , Mobile device , State-of-the-art , Technology

The Evolution Of Computer | Generations of Computer

The development of computers has been a wonderful journey that has covered several centuries and is defined by a number of inventions and advancements made by our greatest scientists. Because of these scientists, we are using now the latest technology in the computer system.

Now we have Laptops , Desktop computers , notebooks , etc. which we are using today to make our lives easier, and most importantly we can communicate with the world from anywhere around the world with these things.

So, In today’s blog, I want you to explore the journey of computers with me that has been made by our scientists.

Note: If you haven’t read our History of Computer blog then must read first then come over here

let’s look at the evolution of computers/generations of computers

COMPUTER GENERATIONS

Computer generations are essential to understanding computing technology’s evolution. It divides computer history into periods marked by substantial advancements in hardware, software, and computing capabilities. So the first period of computers started from the year 1940 in the first generation of computers. let us see…

Table of Contents

Generations of computer

The generation of classified into five generations:

First Generation Computer (1940-1956)
Second Generation Computer (1956-1963)
Third Generation Computer(1964-1971)
Fourth Generation Computer(1971-Present)
Fifth Generation Computer(Present and Beyond)

1. FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER: Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956)

The first generation of computers is characterized by the use of “Vacuum tubes” It was developed in 1904 by the British engineer “John Ambrose Fleming” . A vacuum tube is an electronic device used to control the flow of electric current in a vacuum. It is used in CRT(Cathode Ray Tube) TV , Radio , etc.

The first general-purpose programmable electronic computer was the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) which was completed in 1945 and introduced on Feb 14, 1946, to the public. It was built by two American engineers “J. Presper Eckert” and “John V Mauchly” at the University of Pennsylvania.

The ENIAC was 30-50 feet long, 30 tons weighted, contained 18000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 registers, and 10,000 capacitors, and it required 150000 watts of electricity, which makes it very expensive.

Later, Eckert and Mauchly developed the first commercially successful computer named UNIVAC(Univeral Automatic Computer) in 1952 .

Examples are ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), UNIVAC-1 (Univeral Automatic Computer-1)

These computers were designed by using vacuum tubes.
These generations’ computers were simple architecture.
These computers calculate data in a millisecond.
This computer is used for scientific purposes.

DISADVANTAGES

The computer was very costly.
Very large.
It takes up a lot of space and electricity
The speed of these computers was very slow
It is used for commercial purposes.
It is very expensive.
These computers heat a lot.
Cooling is needed to operate these types of computers because they heat up very quickly.

2. SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER: Transistors (1956-1963)

The second generation of computers is characterized by the use of “Transistors” and it was developed in 1947 by three American physicists “John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley” .

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals or open or close a circuit. It was invented in Bell labs, The transistors became the key ingredient of all digital circuits, including computers.

The invention of transistors replaced the bulky electric tubes from the first generation of computers.

Transistors perform the same functions as a Vacuum tube , except that electrons move through instead of through a vacuum. Transistors are made of semiconducting materials and they control the flow of electricity.

It is smaller than the first generation of computers, it is faster and less expensive compared to the first generation of computers. The second-generation computer has a high level of programming languages, including FORTRAN (1956), ALGOL (1958), and COBOL (1959).

Examples are PDP-8 (Programmed Data Processor-8), IBM1400 (International business machine 1400 series), IBM 7090 (International business machine 7090 series), CDC 3600 ( Control Data Corporation 3600 series)

ADVANTAGES:

It is smaller in size as compared to the first-generation computer
It used less electricity
Not heated as much as the first-generation computer.
It has better speed

DISADVANTAGES:

It is also costly and not versatile
still, it is expensive for commercial purposes
Cooling is still needed
Punch cards were used for input
The computer is used for a particular purpose

3. THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER: Integrated Circuits (1964-1971)

The Third generation of computers is characterized by the use of “Integrated Circuits” It was developed in 1958 by two American engineers “Robert Noyce” & “Jack Kilby” . The integrated circuit is a set of electronic circuits on small flat pieces of semiconductor that is normally known as silicon. The transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips which are called semiconductors, which drastically increased the efficiency and speed of the computers.

These ICs (integrated circuits) are popularly known as chips. A single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors built on a single slice of silicon.

This development made computers smaller in size, low cost, large memory, and processing. The speed of these computers is very high and it is efficient and reliable also.

These generations of computers have a higher level of languages such as Pascal PL/1, FORTON-II to V, COBOL, ALGOL-68, and BASIC(Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) was developed during these periods.

Examples are NCR 395 (National Cash Register), IBM 360,370 series, B6500

These computers are smaller in size as compared to previous generations
It consumed less energy and was more reliable
More Versatile
It produced less heat as compared to previous generations
These computers are used for commercial and as well as general-purpose
These computers used a fan for head discharge to prevent damage
This generation of computers has increased the storage capacity of computers
Still, a cooling system is needed.
It is still very costly
Sophisticated Technology is required to manufacture Integrated Circuits
It is not easy to maintain the IC chips.
The performance of these computers is degraded if we execute large applications.

4. FOURTH GENERATION OF COMPUTER: Microprocessor (1971-Present)

The fourth generation of computers is characterized by the use of “Microprocessor”. It was invented in the 1970s and It was developed by four inventors named are “Marcian Hoff, Masatoshi Shima, Federico Faggin, and Stanley Mazor “. The first microprocessor named was the “Intel 4004” CPU, it was the first microprocessor that was invented.

A microprocessor contains all the circuits required to perform arithmetic, logic, and control functions on a single chip. Because of microprocessors, fourth-generation includes more data processing capacity than equivalent-sized third-generation computers. Due to the development of microprocessors, it is possible to place the CPU(central processing unit) on a single chip. These computers are also known as microcomputers. The personal computer is a fourth-generation computer. It is the period when the evolution of computer networks takes place.

Examples are APPLE II, Alter 8800

These computers are smaller in size and much more reliable as compared to other generations of computers.
The heating issue on these computers is almost negligible
No A/C or Air conditioner is required in a fourth-generation computer.
In these computers, all types of higher languages can be used in this generation
It is also used for the general purpose
less expensive
These computers are cheaper and portable
Fans are required to operate these kinds of computers
It required the latest technology for the need to make microprocessors and complex software
These computers were highly sophisticated
It also required advanced technology to make the ICs(Integrated circuits)

5. FIFTH GENERATION OF COMPUTERS (Present and beyond)

These generations of computers were based on AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology. Artificial technology is the branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans and allowing the computer to make its own decisions currently, no computers exhibit full artificial intelligence (that is, can simulate human behavior).

In the fifth generation of computers, VLSI technology and ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology are used and the speed of these computers is extremely high. This generation introduced machines with hundreds of processors that could all be working on different parts of a single program. The development of a more powerful computer is still in progress. It has been predicted that such a computer will be able to communicate in natural spoken languages with its user.

In this generation, computers are also required to use a high level of languages like C language, c++, java, etc.

Examples are Desktop computers, laptops, notebooks, MacBooks, etc. These all are the computers which we are using.

These computers are smaller in size and it is more compatible
These computers are mighty cheaper
It is obviously used for the general purpose
Higher technology is used
Development of true artificial intelligence
Advancement in Parallel Processing and Superconductor Technology.
It tends to be sophisticated and complex tools
It pushes the limit of transistor density.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many computer generations are there.

Mainly five generations are there:

First Generation Computer (1940-1956) Second Generation Computer (1956-1963) Third Generation Computer(1964-1971) Fourth Generation Computer(1971-Present) Fifth Generation Computer(Present and Beyond)

Which things were invented in the first generation of computers?

Vacuum Tubes

What is the fifth generation of computers?

The Fifth Generation of computers is entirely based on Artificial Intelligence. Where it predicts that the computer will be able to communicate in natural spoken languages with its user.

What is the latest computer generation?

The latest generation of computers is Fifth which is totally based on Artificial Intelligence.

Who is the inventor of the Integrated Circuit?

“Robert Noyce” and “Jack Bily”

What is the full form of ENIAC ?

ENIAC Stands for “Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer” .

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1 (page 3) p. 3 The Information Revolution

Published: February 2010
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We are now in the midst of ‘the information revolution’. Mankind has been living in an information society since the Bronze Age, but only recently have our lives depended so much on managing the life cycle of information. History has had many metrics, based on natural cycles, religion, or society, to name a few. However, they all depend on systems which record information about the past. Science has constantly changed our view of the world through revolutions, and now we are experiencing an information revolution as we begin to inhabit the ‘infosphere’. However, action must be taken now to prevent future discrimination and inequality between the information-rich and information-poor.

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Too Soon To Tell: Essays for the End of The Computer Revolution

Too Soon to Tell is an original and starkly human portrait of the computer era that will entice readers from all walks of life.

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Essay on Computer

Here we have shared the Essay on Computer in detail so you can use it in your exam or assignment of 150, 250, 400, 500, or 1000 words.

You can use this Essay on Computer in any assignment or project whether you are in school (class 10th or 12th), college, or preparing for answer writing in competitive exams.

Topics covered in this article.

Essay on Computer in 150 words

Essay on computer in 200-300 words.

Essay on Computer in 500 words

Computers have revolutionized our lives, becoming essential tools for communication, work, and access to information. They have simplified tasks, increased efficiency, and opened up new possibilities. The internet, accessible through computers, has connected people globally, changing the way we socialize and access entertainment. Industries such as healthcare and finance have been transformed by computers, improving accuracy and decision-making. However, challenges such as cybersecurity threats and privacy concerns exist. In conclusion, computers have profoundly impacted society, enhancing productivity and connectivity. Their role in education, business, and research is undeniable. While enjoying the benefits of computers, it is important to address the challenges they present and ensure responsible and secure use. Computers are a fundamental part of our lives, shaping the way we live, work, and interact with the world.

Computers have become an integral part of our modern world. They have revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate. A computer is an electronic device that processes and stores data, performs tasks, and enables us to access information from around the world.

Computers have transformed various aspects of our lives. They have simplified tasks, increased efficiency, and opened up new possibilities for creativity and innovation. From personal computers to laptops, tablets, and smartphones, these devices have become essential tools in education, business, entertainment, and research.

The internet made accessible through computers, has connected people globally, enabling instant communication, sharing of information, and collaboration across borders. Online platforms and applications have changed the way we socialize, shop, and access entertainment.

Computers have also revolutionized industries such as healthcare, finance, and transportation, improving efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making. They play a vital role in scientific research, data analysis, and simulations.

However, the rapid advancement of technology has also brought challenges. Cybersecurity threats, privacy concerns, and the digital divide are important issues that need to be addressed.

In conclusion, computers have transformed the world, making tasks easier, connecting people globally, and enabling advancements in various fields. Their impact on society is profound, with both positive and negative consequences. As technology continues to evolve, it is crucial to embrace its benefits while also addressing the challenges it presents. Computers have undoubtedly become an indispensable part of our lives, shaping the way we live and interact with the world.

Essay on Computer in 500-1000 words

Title: The Computer Revolution – Transforming Lives, Empowering Innovation

Introduction :

The computer has undoubtedly become an integral part of our modern world, revolutionizing the way we live, work, and communicate. This essay explores the profound impact of computers on society, delving into their history, evolution, and the transformative role they play in various aspects of our lives. From personal computers to smartphones and cloud computing, the computer has become an indispensable tool in education, business, healthcare, entertainment, and research. However, as computers continue to advance, challenges such as cybersecurity threats and privacy concerns arise, necessitating responsible use and the development of ethical frameworks.

The Evolution of Computers

The computer, as we know it today, has a rich history that dates back several decades. From the early mechanical devices to modern digital computers, the evolution of computers has been driven by advancements in technology and the quest for increased computational power and efficiency. Pioneers such as Charles Babbage, Alan Turing, and Grace Hopper laid the foundation for modern computing, introducing concepts like programmability and binary code.

Computing in Education

Computers have transformed the landscape of education. They have become essential tools for students, educators, and researchers. Computers facilitate online learning, providing access to vast amounts of educational resources, interactive tutorials, and collaborative platforms. They enable personalized learning experiences, adaptive assessments, and distance education, making education accessible to a wider audience. Additionally, computers enhance productivity, allowing students to complete assignments, conduct research, and communicate with peers and teachers more efficiently.

Computers in Business

The business world has been revolutionized by computers. From small startups to multinational corporations, computers have become indispensable for efficient operations, data management, and communication. They enable streamlined processes, data analysis, and decision-making. Computers have transformed various industries, including finance, marketing, supply chain management, and customer service. With the advent of e-commerce, computers have opened up new avenues for online businesses and global trade. The digitalization of business processes has increased efficiency, reduced costs, and facilitated global collaborations.

Computers in Healthcare

Computers have significantly impacted the healthcare industry, improving patient care, diagnostics, and research. Electronic health records (EHRs) enable secure storage and efficient retrieval of patient information, reducing errors and improving healthcare delivery. Computer-aided diagnostics and medical imaging technologies have enhanced accuracy and speed in detecting diseases. Telemedicine and telehealth have extended healthcare access to remote areas, allowing patients to consult with healthcare professionals virtually. Additionally, computers play a vital role in medical research, enabling data analysis, simulations, and drug discovery.

The Role of Computers in Entertainment and Media

Computers have transformed the entertainment and media industry. From digital streaming platforms to online gaming, computers have revolutionized the way we consume and create content. They enable immersive virtual reality experiences, computer-generated imagery (CGI) in movies, and interactive storytelling. Social media platforms provide avenues for self-expression, communication, and content sharing. Computers have democratized content creation, allowing individuals to create and distribute their work on platforms like YouTube, blogs, and podcasts.

Challenges and Concerns

While computers offer immense benefits, they also present challenges and concerns. Cybersecurity threats, such as hacking and identity theft, pose risks to individuals and organizations. Privacy concerns arise as personal data becomes more accessible and vulnerable to misuse. Additionally, the digital divide creates disparities in access to technology, limiting opportunities for certain populations. It is crucial to address these challenges through robust cybersecurity measures, privacy regulations, and efforts to bridge the digital divide.

Conclusion :

The computer revolution has transformed our lives, empowering innovation, enhancing productivity, and connecting people across the globe. Computers have revolutionized education, business, healthcare, and entertainment, enabling advancements and opening up new possibilities. However, as technology continues to evolve, it is important to address challenges such as cybersecurity threats, privacy concerns, and the digital divide. Responsible use, ethical frameworks, and continuous efforts to enhance cybersecurity and privacy safeguards are necessary to harness the full potential of computers. With responsible usage and thoughtful integration into various sectors, computers will continue to shape our world, fostering progress, innovation, and connectivity.

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How to write an essay introduction | 4 steps & examples

How to Write an Essay Introduction | 4 Steps & Examples

Published on February 4, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on July 23, 2023.

A good introduction paragraph is an essential part of any academic essay . It sets up your argument and tells the reader what to expect.

The main goals of an introduction are to:

Catch your reader’s attention.
Give background on your topic.
Present your thesis statement —the central point of your essay.

This introduction example is taken from our interactive essay example on the history of Braille.

The invention of Braille was a major turning point in the history of disability. The writing system of raised dots used by visually impaired people was developed by Louis Braille in nineteenth-century France. In a society that did not value disabled people in general, blindness was particularly stigmatized, and lack of access to reading and writing was a significant barrier to social participation. The idea of tactile reading was not entirely new, but existing methods based on sighted systems were difficult to learn and use. As the first writing system designed for blind people’s needs, Braille was a groundbreaking new accessibility tool. It not only provided practical benefits, but also helped change the cultural status of blindness. This essay begins by discussing the situation of blind people in nineteenth-century Europe. It then describes the invention of Braille and the gradual process of its acceptance within blind education. Subsequently, it explores the wide-ranging effects of this invention on blind people’s social and cultural lives.

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Step 1: hook your reader, step 2: give background information, step 3: present your thesis statement, step 4: map your essay’s structure, step 5: check and revise, more examples of essay introductions, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about the essay introduction.

Your first sentence sets the tone for the whole essay, so spend some time on writing an effective hook.

Avoid long, dense sentences—start with something clear, concise and catchy that will spark your reader’s curiosity.

The hook should lead the reader into your essay, giving a sense of the topic you’re writing about and why it’s interesting. Avoid overly broad claims or plain statements of fact.

Examples: Writing a good hook

Take a look at these examples of weak hooks and learn how to improve them.

Braille was an extremely important invention.
The invention of Braille was a major turning point in the history of disability.

The first sentence is a dry fact; the second sentence is more interesting, making a bold claim about exactly why the topic is important.

The internet is defined as “a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities.”
The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education.

Avoid using a dictionary definition as your hook, especially if it’s an obvious term that everyone knows. The improved example here is still broad, but it gives us a much clearer sense of what the essay will be about.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is a famous book from the nineteenth century.
Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is often read as a crude cautionary tale about the dangers of scientific advancement.

Instead of just stating a fact that the reader already knows, the improved hook here tells us about the mainstream interpretation of the book, implying that this essay will offer a different interpretation.

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Next, give your reader the context they need to understand your topic and argument. Depending on the subject of your essay, this might include:

Historical, geographical, or social context
An outline of the debate you’re addressing
A summary of relevant theories or research about the topic
Definitions of key terms

The information here should be broad but clearly focused and relevant to your argument. Don’t give too much detail—you can mention points that you will return to later, but save your evidence and interpretation for the main body of the essay.

How much space you need for background depends on your topic and the scope of your essay. In our Braille example, we take a few sentences to introduce the topic and sketch the social context that the essay will address:

Now it’s time to narrow your focus and show exactly what you want to say about the topic. This is your thesis statement —a sentence or two that sums up your overall argument.

This is the most important part of your introduction. A good thesis isn’t just a statement of fact, but a claim that requires evidence and explanation.

The goal is to clearly convey your own position in a debate or your central point about a topic.

Particularly in longer essays, it’s helpful to end the introduction by signposting what will be covered in each part. Keep it concise and give your reader a clear sense of the direction your argument will take.

As you research and write, your argument might change focus or direction as you learn more.

For this reason, it’s often a good idea to wait until later in the writing process before you write the introduction paragraph—it can even be the very last thing you write.

When you’ve finished writing the essay body and conclusion , you should return to the introduction and check that it matches the content of the essay.

It’s especially important to make sure your thesis statement accurately represents what you do in the essay. If your argument has gone in a different direction than planned, tweak your thesis statement to match what you actually say.

To polish your writing, you can use something like a paraphrasing tool .

You can use the checklist below to make sure your introduction does everything it’s supposed to.

Checklist: Essay introduction

My first sentence is engaging and relevant.

I have introduced the topic with necessary background information.

I have defined any important terms.

My thesis statement clearly presents my main point or argument.

Everything in the introduction is relevant to the main body of the essay.

You have a strong introduction - now make sure the rest of your essay is just as good.

Argumentative
Literary analysis

This introduction to an argumentative essay sets up the debate about the internet and education, and then clearly states the position the essay will argue for.

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts is on the rise, and its role in learning is hotly debated. For many teachers who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its critical benefits for students and educators—as a uniquely comprehensive and accessible information source; a means of exposure to and engagement with different perspectives; and a highly flexible learning environment.

This introduction to a short expository essay leads into the topic (the invention of the printing press) and states the main point the essay will explain (the effect of this invention on European society).

In many ways, the invention of the printing press marked the end of the Middle Ages. The medieval period in Europe is often remembered as a time of intellectual and political stagnation. Prior to the Renaissance, the average person had very limited access to books and was unlikely to be literate. The invention of the printing press in the 15th century allowed for much less restricted circulation of information in Europe, paving the way for the Reformation.

This introduction to a literary analysis essay , about Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein , starts by describing a simplistic popular view of the story, and then states how the author will give a more complex analysis of the text’s literary devices.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is often read as a crude cautionary tale. Arguably the first science fiction novel, its plot can be read as a warning about the dangers of scientific advancement unrestrained by ethical considerations. In this reading, and in popular culture representations of the character as a “mad scientist”, Victor Frankenstein represents the callous, arrogant ambition of modern science. However, far from providing a stable image of the character, Shelley uses shifting narrative perspectives to gradually transform our impression of Frankenstein, portraying him in an increasingly negative light as the novel goes on. While he initially appears to be a naive but sympathetic idealist, after the creature’s narrative Frankenstein begins to resemble—even in his own telling—the thoughtlessly cruel figure the creature represents him as.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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Your essay introduction should include three main things, in this order:

An opening hook to catch the reader’s attention.
Relevant background information that the reader needs to know.
A thesis statement that presents your main point or argument.

The length of each part depends on the length and complexity of your essay .

The “hook” is the first sentence of your essay introduction . It should lead the reader into your essay, giving a sense of why it’s interesting.

To write a good hook, avoid overly broad statements or long, dense sentences. Try to start with something clear, concise and catchy that will spark your reader’s curiosity.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

It gives your writing direction and focus.
It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

The structure of an essay is divided into an introduction that presents your topic and thesis statement , a body containing your in-depth analysis and arguments, and a conclusion wrapping up your ideas.

The structure of the body is flexible, but you should always spend some time thinking about how you can organize your essay to best serve your ideas.

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Essay on “Computers Revolution” Complete Essay for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.

Computers Revolution

3 Best Essay on “Computer Revolution”

Essay No. 01

Civilizations have flourished in the past and gone on the establish themselves based on the foundation of singular inventions like the use of the iron or copper or bronze. The singular invention, which has become as omnipresent today, as did the iron and bronze tools in the past ages, is the computer. An invention of miraculous dimensions, computers have revolutionized our lifestyles, mostly for the better, and continue to do so. In less than fifty years they have influenced practically every field of activity. The Computer Age is our new reality.

No one could have imagined that the initial computing machines would so soon be developed into highly sophisticated present-day computers. And this stupendous revolution has been carried out by the computer without a shot being fired or a drop of blood being shed. Computers have taken up key roles in all fields of activity including agriculture, weather forecast, scientific research, designing, banks, and financial institutions, space research and technology, communication and media, medicine, aviation, railways, traffic control, language learning, literature, and entertainment.

A computer is an electronic device that can carry out calculations and process information. Vast amounts of data can be handled effectively and efficiently at a very fast rate.

A computer can virtually carry out any activity but it cannot think, at least for now! It thus requires a human operator and a set of detailed instructions called a program. The storage unit of a computer is called the memory which can be accessed via an input device–the keyboard. The output and the processed data can be received on a TV screen or in print via a printer. Computers can vary from very compact laptops to large mainframe systems and supercomputers.

Computers have become indispensable in all areas in which they have been introduced. Industries and business houses would virtually collapse if computers were to be suddenly withdrawn. Right from management, organization, and planning to the actual production, computers are being used at every stage. Robots, which are nothing but computer-controlled arms and hands, are increasingly in use in assembly lines of many factories. They can efficiently carry out monotonous and hazardous tasks. Personal robots have also been developed for a variety of uses including assisting handicapped people in becoming independent and self-sustained. Hazardous tasks like handling dangerous chemicals or metals at high temperatures can be performed with ease by robots under human supervision.

Automation in banks and railway stations has provided relief to the public and staff alike. Ticketing and reservation have become more efficient and convenient. Business transactions and the high volume of associated data are easily managed using computers.

In the field of medicine, especially in medical diagnosis, computers are being used to locate, and investigate accurately and precisely any abnormalities or diseases. Computers are also vital to diagnostic tests which help incorrect diagnosis and the choice of appropriate treatment.

Scientific research and space exploration have also evolved to their present extents with the aid of computers. Complicated problems are solved with amazing speed and accuracy. This has revolutionized the engineering and technological fields. Not only do computers solve complicated equations, but they can also simulate various conditions and predict accurately the behavior of things under such conditions. In this manner, computers have made possible inventions and discoveries which would otherwise have been unfeasible. Any space mission and satellite launch rely heavily on computers for precisely calculating and organizing the whole procedure including angles of entry, Velocities required, and trajectory. We have been able to gather vital information about distant galaxies and their components with the help of computers.

Computers in communication and media have effectively turned the whole world into a global village. Access between any two points on the earth is possible. Services like e-mail have made it possible for people to exchange data and information. Personal computers have practically taken over the tasks of writing and keeping household accounts. Networks can now be established enabling people to exchange news, data, and all sorts of information. Today the entire world is linked through satellites. Art and entertainment have also developed immensely by using computers. Animation films or movies like Jurassic Park would have been inconceivable in the absence of computers.

The use of computers has its negative aspects too, at the individual as well as the social level. Excessive use of computers can damage eyes and long hours of work on the keyboard can lead to joint ailments and spondylitis. At another level, computers are being used in developing dangerous and lethal weapons. Misuse of data by people who break into computer networks is also becoming a problem of large dimensions.

Evil or super-efficient, computers are increasingly making themselves felt as indispensable in homes, schools, and offices even in a developing country like India. The silent revolution has been efficiently carried out. Computers are here to stay. It is up to us to use them for the benefit and betterment of humankind.

The takeover of computers in the various fields of human activity is almost complete. And it has been accomplished quietly.

Essay No. 02

Computer Revolution

The world is on the threshold of a computer revolution. It is going to be the permanent tool of the modern age. Computers are being used in all the areas today; be it business, finance education, science. They are fast changing the way of work Computers are, no doubt, designed to play a very important role in future as there is no field of human activity in which the computers cannot help.

Computer technology has made stupendous progress in the last four; decades. It was only in 1944 that Professor Aikens and his” team had designed first ever computer in Harvard University, U. S. A. Since there we have come a long way. Today, the world is the threshold of a computer revolution. In fact, in the decades to come, they are going to play a very crucial role; as there is a field of activity in which computers cannot help. Every day new uses are being found for computers. They are already helping man in a fantastic range of holds-agriculture industry, scientific research, machine design, banks, aviation, space research, medical diagnosis, traffic control, and even in literature

Computers have some special features which make them extremely useful to mane-speed; accuracy and storage of information or memory. The computer is designed in such a way that they rarely 111ake errors. Modern computers are machines with a high degree of reliability We often hear of computers making funny and at times costly mistakes. The culprit, however, is not the machine but the human being who operates the machine Computed have some qualities which make them superior to man in some ways, for one thing, computers never get tired. Also, the same computer can do a wide variety of jobs. Besides, being an automatic machine it can do long jobs with little or no help from a human operator. No wonder computer is considered the greatest invention of man. For the first time, man has made a machine that adds power to his brain. When he manmade machines, he added to the power of his muscles, when he made vehicles, he was adding faster feet just as the industrial revolution brought great changes to the way people worked and lived and changed the human role from being a source of power for labor into being it controller of machines, in a similar manner today we are facing a second revolution, as machines tended by people are being increasingly replaced by computers. Before the industrial revolution, people worked mainly on land. The invention of machines meant most people started to work in factories In the future, computers are going to make it possible for a man to transact business and do the shopping without leaving his home Aided by computers, man has become capable of feats they had never dreamt of.

The computer has become indispensable in industry and business. They are being extensively used in industry.“ They have been installed in business houses, offices, factories, hospitals, banks, petrol pumps, railway stations, etc., and taken the drudgery out of the life of the Clerical staff. Even in a country like India, computers are a fast-changing Indian way of life and work. The stuffy, overcrowded air and rail reservation officers in most cities are fast being replaced by air-conditioned ones that have neat rows of booking clerks seated behind terminals, punching out tickets rapidly. In commercial and business houses they are keeping track of tiles and vital statistics; reviewing the achievement of targets; chalking our sales strategies, etc. Computers have brought about automation in every field. In fact, they carry out activities and tasks which were formerly thought of essentially as human. This has increased productivity and reduced the requirement for manpower in industry and business. In fact, computers have wide applications in various industries like chemical processing industries, metal industries, packaging, etc. In the last few years advances have been made in the hold of assembly of complex components like in the Automobile industry.

The trend set off a controversy about the impact of automation on unemployment. Will the spread and extension of automation mean economic mm as unemployment rises and productive potential soars? Time alone will answer such questions. However, one thing is certain that in this age pr automation was ushered in by the second industrial revolution, nothing is going to remain the same for human life.

Modern medical diagnosis has become more accurate, precise, and fast with the help of computers. Some of the most advanced tools are being used in medical research, diagnosis, treatment, and investigation. Machines like CAT scan enable medical specialists to reproduce the body slice by slice and prepare films to ascertain the tract location of a disease, function of a particular organ in the body, detect any abnormalities, growths, etc. Doctors these days rely, heavily on these diagnostic tests before making a final diagnosis and choosing the course of treatment. These tests help in detecting diseases like ulcers, cancers in early stages and have proved real leasing to the modern man, who is susceptible to several diseases which were unknown to his forefathers, due to the stresses and strains of everyday life.

The exploration of space has been one of the most exciting developments of this century. Most spacecraft which-have been launched in space in the last 30 years, since the time-space age began, have transmitted a vast amount of knowledge back to earth. It now does not seem so distant a reality or a difficult dream to realize that one day we shall be able to establish human colonies on other planets with our present techniques and resources. It is only the development and application of computers which has brought man closer to realizing his dreams. Besides, satellites which are launched in space are of immense use in communication. They have made it possible to obtain television linkage between distant countries and enthrall” T.V. viewers all over the world by taking their favourite programs or events of world significance right into their living rooms.

Photographs from satellites have helped in the field of agriculture, geology, meteorology. Weather satellites help to give advance warning of any such developments which may be dangerous to human life. India has purchased a supercomputer Cray XMP-14 from the U.S.A. It has been installed in the India Meteorological Department, New Delhi. It will help in preparing weather forecasts 3-10 days in advance. Besides, it is expected to be useful; in the areas of health, agriculture, and solid-state physics. Undoubtedly computers are doing a lot of useful work by controlling special machines? Given arms and hands, a computer can do more physical work. That is precisely what the robots are doing. Today robots are really computers with muscle though a layman tends to dismiss them as mere metal imitations of humans with steel claws or hands. Robots can work untiringly. In some of the advanced countries of the world, these robots are performing tasks which earlier it was considered only humans could do. Robots are being used in industry, entertainment, Space, medicine. It seems possible now that robots will be the servants of the future. Already there are a number of personal robots available. In countries like U.S.A. and Russia, they are proving of great» help to the handicapped, the aged, and the mentally retarded. A lot of research is being carried out in this field. People who are conducting the research are trying to make robots more intelligent so that they can think and act rationally like the human brain.

Today, there is practically no aspect of civilized life which is not at some stage under the control of computers. In the future one may expect that most homes Will have a computer terminal just as today they have a telephone However, one question that is frequently asked is will the computers always be such a blessing? Scholars and others are not so sure. The power of the computer can be misused. It is already being used in needless warfare. In advanced countries, experts. are working Out ways of preventing misuse of computers, Therefore, to prevent computers from turning against and dominating its creator like Frankenstein’s monster, man must use his discretion” Computers will represent no danger to humanity if we do not allow them to make decisions on problems involving moral issues Moreover, there are activities of the human brain which seem beyond the realm of artificial intelligence of computers and robots.

However, whatever may be the advantages and disadvantages of computers, we cannot put the clock back there is little doubt though that the world will sooner or later have to make up its mind to use computer technology only for the benefit and welfare of humanity.

Essay No. 03

The world’s technological horizon is dominated by the computer since the year 1970, and by now, it has entered into every sphere of human existence, and in the last two decades it has taken over the charge of all that was once man’s handiwork.

A computer is an electric device which helps in boosting our efficiency and helps us in being more creative by taking up the work of repetition itself. The computer helps us create programs, communicate, and also helps us to earn. Today, even in India it is beyond our imagination to conceive of any avenue where the computer has not made a dent., may it be in business, banking, publishing engineering, etc. This change over to computerization is welcomed by all and sundry but, it leaves one burning question in the minds of people. We are all apt to believe that, computerization is apt to throw men out of employment, no it is not so, this belief is just a misnomer. The reason for this is that a man who was once doing the job of a clerk would now be able to execute more productive assignments, thus contributing his best to his employer society, and the nation. The computer is expected to ensure the enhancement of knowledge levels, productivity, earnings, and living standards of society. If India wants to emulate the economic superpowers of the world it is necessary for India to completely computerize, and link the Indian economy and industry with International information in a super big way. This can be made possible only with the help of the computer and the Internet networks.

It was in October 1977 that the private sector Internet Service Provider ushered into India. And this was a great step forward, in the growth of the telecom and communication industry. This single step is expected to open new avenues of technology in this country, in the next century. The Internet is a complicated web of satellites and cable networks connecting millions of computers across the world. With this advent of the computer, information is shared in the form of data, pictures, and graphics. The application of the Internet would include surfing and access to data.

In India, there are about 93000 computers linked to the Internet so far. The ISPs have to give a bank guarantee equivalent to a license fee for one year. In India, the VSNL, i.e. the Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd. is the only provider of Internet Services. The Internet has come as a storm in the Indian business and industry. Indian manpower is about the best in the world, in almost any sphere of work. Now we have really arrived into a new world of a global village.

In the Indian context, computerization is absolutely necessary as telecommunication and satellite imagery are both computer-based. Life in urban India is dependent on the telephone, E-mail, fax, internet connectivity and cell phone and all these services warrant the usage of the computer, for their operation and maintenance. Even in rural areas, the computer can play an important role in crop development, software for seed research, crop diseases, rural industry, and rural education. The avenue of rural telecommunication has been revolutionized by the computer.

The computer could be of great value in education. This is because all information is stored and managed by computers, and so they become necessary in the modern times and are also accessible to all. India can hope to become a country of world standards, only when it computerizes its economy, business, scientific and all other operations. Only this technology can help India to benefit on all fronts. It is a certainty that the new century would belong entirely to the computer.

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The computer revolution: how it's changed our world over 60 years
Computing is creating platforms on which it reinvents itself, reaching up to the next platform. Getting connected. Arguably, the most dramatic of these innovations is the web. During the 1970s and 1980s, there were independent advances in the availability of cheap, fast computing, of affordable disk storage and of networking.
The history of computing is both evolution and revolution
Six decades on, our series Computing turns 60 looks at how things have changed. It is a truism that computing continues to change our world. It shapes how objects are designed, what information we ...
Computer
computer, device for processing, storing, and displaying information.. Computer once meant a person who did computations, but now the term almost universally refers to automated electronic machinery.The first section of this article focuses on modern digital electronic computers and their design, constituent parts, and applications. The second section covers the history of computing.
Computer Revolution
COMPUTER REVOLUTION. EARLY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES THE COMPUTERIZATION OF SOCIETY VIDEOTEX AND THE INTERNET BIBLIOGRAPHY. In the early twenty-first century, the computer revolution is exemplified by a personal computer linked to the Internet and the World Wide Web.Modern computing, however, is the result of the convergence of three much older technologies—office machinery, mathematical ...
Computer
Computer - Home Use, Microprocessors, Software: Before 1970, computers were big machines requiring thousands of separate transistors. They were operated by specialized technicians, who often dressed in white lab coats and were commonly referred to as a computer priesthood. The machines were expensive and difficult to use. Few people came in direct contact with them, not even their programmers.
What is a Computer Revolution?
Computer revolution. Updated: 10/11/2021 by Computer Hope. Also known as a digital revolution, a computer revolution is a point in time at which computers make a significant change to human civilization. There's been roughly four computer revolutions over the last century, each of which are described below.
The History of Computers: An Essay
Jack Kilby, an engineer of Texas Instruments developed the IC in 1957 and by 1964 it was in use. The development of the IC was significant because it pooled the role of the transistors and other circuits into a chip. These new IC chips were one sixteenth of a square inch and a few hundredths of an inch thick.
The Evolution Of Computer
The first general-purpose programmable electronic computer was the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) which was completed in 1945 and introduced on Feb 14, 1946, to the public. It was built by two American engineers "J. Presper Eckert" and "John V Mauchly" at the University of Pennsylvania.
The Information Revolution
Abstract. We are now in the midst of 'the information revolution'. Mankind has been living in an information society since the Bronze Age, but only recently have our lives depended so much on managing the life cycle of information. History has had many metrics, based on natural cycles, religion, or society, to name a few.
Too Soon To Tell: Essays for the End of The Computer Revolution
The result is a book that offers a singular portrait of the computer revolution that has yet to be told. ... each essay begins with a short introduction that recounts the author's experiences with his students or those of the author's father and his generation of computer scientists—which seamlessly connect the themes that are explored ...
Essay on Computer: 150-250 words, 500-1000 words for Students
Here we have shared the Essay on Computer in detail so you can use it in your exam or assignment of 150, 250, 400, 500, or 1000 words. ... The Computer Revolution - Transforming Lives, Empowering Innovation. Introduction: The computer has undoubtedly become an integral part of our modern world, revolutionizing the way we live, work, and ...
Essay On Evolution Of Computers
702 Words3 Pages. Through time, computers have evolutionized. They have affected the world around us in many different ways. Computers have been integrated into the government and have becomes part of our everyday life. Computers have gone as far as being part of our culture. The evolution of computers have altered our lives a great deal; it ...
(PDF) An Evolution of Computer Science Research
Abstract and Figures. Over the past two decades, Computer Science has continued to grow as a research field. The most popular research topics moved from artificial intelligence, Internet, and ...
How to Write an Essay Introduction
Step 1: Hook your reader. Step 2: Give background information. Step 3: Present your thesis statement. Step 4: Map your essay's structure. Step 5: Check and revise. More examples of essay introductions. Other interesting articles. Frequently asked questions about the essay introduction.
Too Soon To Tell: Essays for the End of The Computer Revolution
Amazon.com: Too Soon To Tell: Essays for the End of The Computer Revolution: 9780470080351: Grier, ... each essay begins with a short introduction that recounts the author's experiences with his students or those of the author's father and his generation of computer scientists—which seamlessly connect the themes that are explored throughout ...
Computer Revolution Free Essay Example
Essay, Pages 6 (1348 words) Views. 993. Personal Computers. The personal computer revolution was a phenomenon of immense importance in the 1980s. What the average American commonly refers to as a PC, or personal computer, did not even exist before the 1970s. Mainframe computers had been the norm, and they were primarily relegated to business ...
Computer Revolution Essay
THE DEHUMANISING EFFECTS OF THE COMPUTER REVOLUTION. 1 The computer revolution Computer evolution had already passed its infancy from its introduction to the wide-reaching utilisation of the society today as the much-heralded 'personal computer' or simply PC led the revolutionary process by virtue of its prominence and visibility in the daily existence of humankind,the ...
Essay on "Computers Revolution" Complete Essay for ...
Computers Revolution. 3 Best Essay on "Computer Revolution" Essay No. 01 . Civilizations have flourished in the past and gone on the establish themselves based on the foundation of singular inventions like the use of the iron or copper or bronze.
Free Essay: The Evolution of the Computer
The evolution of computers is considered one of the most rapid technological development in the history of human innovation. Within just 50 years, computers had evolved from bulky military hardware that computed ballistic trajectory to compact personal devices that aids in our day-to-day routine.…. 2151 Words.
An Introduction to the History of the Personal Computer Revolution
In the 1990s the personal computer revolution turned into the social computer revolution. The thrill of having sophisticated computer power on your desktop turned out to be just the beginning, once your machine could connect to everyone else's via telephone lines. ... An introduction to the history of the personal computer revolution ...

The computer revolution: how it's changed our world over 60 years

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The history of computing is both evolution and revolution

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The Evolution Of Computer | Generations of Computer

COMPUTER GENERATIONS

Generations of computer

1. FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER: Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956)

DISADVANTAGES

2. SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER: Transistors (1956-1963)

ADVANTAGES:

DISADVANTAGES:

3. THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER: Integrated Circuits (1964-1971)

4. FOURTH GENERATION OF COMPUTER: Microprocessor (1971-Present)

5. FIFTH GENERATION OF COMPUTERS (Present and beyond)

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Which things were invented in the first generation of computers?

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Too Soon To Tell: Essays for the End of The Computer Revolution

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Essay on Computer

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Introduction :

The Evolution of Computers

Computing in Education

Computers in Business

Computers in Healthcare

The Role of Computers in Entertainment and Media

Challenges and Concerns

Conclusion :

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