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International Baccalaureate (IB)

IB students around the globe fear writing the Extended Essay, but it doesn't have to be a source of stress! In this article, I'll get you excited about writing your Extended Essay and provide you with the resources you need to get an A on it.

If you're reading this article, I'm going to assume you're an IB student getting ready to write your Extended Essay. If you're looking at this as a potential future IB student, I recommend reading our introductory IB articles first, including our guide to what the IB program is and our full coverage of the IB curriculum .

IB Extended Essay: Why Should You Trust My Advice?

I myself am a recipient of an IB Diploma, and I happened to receive an A on my IB Extended Essay. Don't believe me? The proof is in the IBO pudding:

If you're confused by what this report means, EE is short for Extended Essay , and English A1 is the subject that my Extended Essay topic coordinated with. In layman's terms, my IB Diploma was graded in May 2010, I wrote my Extended Essay in the English A1 category, and I received an A grade on it.

What Is the Extended Essay in the IB Diploma Programme?

The IB Extended Essay, or EE , is a mini-thesis you write under the supervision of an IB advisor (an IB teacher at your school), which counts toward your IB Diploma (learn more about the major IB Diploma requirements in our guide) . I will explain exactly how the EE affects your Diploma later in this article.

For the Extended Essay, you will choose a research question as a topic, conduct the research independently, then write an essay on your findings . The essay itself is a long one—although there's a cap of 4,000 words, most successful essays get very close to this limit.

Keep in mind that the IB requires this essay to be a "formal piece of academic writing," meaning you'll have to do outside research and cite additional sources.

The IB Extended Essay must include the following:

• A title page
• Contents page
• Introduction
• Body of the essay
• References and bibliography

Additionally, your research topic must fall into one of the six approved DP categories , or IB subject groups, which are as follows:

• Group 1: Studies in Language and Literature
• Group 2: Language Acquisition
• Group 3: Individuals and Societies
• Group 4: Sciences
• Group 5: Mathematics
• Group 6: The Arts

Once you figure out your category and have identified a potential research topic, it's time to pick your advisor, who is normally an IB teacher at your school (though you can also find one online ). This person will help direct your research, and they'll conduct the reflection sessions you'll have to do as part of your Extended Essay.

As of 2018, the IB requires a "reflection process" as part of your EE supervision process. To fulfill this requirement, you have to meet at least three times with your supervisor in what the IB calls "reflection sessions." These meetings are not only mandatory but are also part of the formal assessment of the EE and your research methods.

According to the IB, the purpose of these meetings is to "provide an opportunity for students to reflect on their engagement with the research process." Basically, these meetings give your supervisor the opportunity to offer feedback, push you to think differently, and encourage you to evaluate your research process.

The final reflection session is called the viva voce, and it's a short 10- to 15-minute interview between you and your advisor. This happens at the very end of the EE process, and it's designed to help your advisor write their report, which factors into your EE grade.

Here are the topics covered in your viva voce :

• A check on plagiarism and malpractice
• Your reflection on your project's successes and difficulties
• Your reflection on what you've learned during the EE process

Your completed Extended Essay, along with your supervisor's report, will then be sent to the IB to be graded. We'll cover the assessment criteria in just a moment.

We'll help you learn how to have those "lightbulb" moments...even on test day!  

What Should You Write About in Your IB Extended Essay?

You can technically write about anything, so long as it falls within one of the approved categories listed above.

It's best to choose a topic that matches one of the IB courses , (such as Theatre, Film, Spanish, French, Math, Biology, etc.), which shouldn't be difficult because there are so many class subjects.

Here is a range of sample topics with the attached extended essay:

• Biology: The Effect of Age and Gender on the Photoreceptor Cells in the Human Retina
• Chemistry: How Does Reflux Time Affect the Yield and Purity of Ethyl Aminobenzoate (Benzocaine), and How Effective is Recrystallisation as a Purification Technique for This Compound?
• English: An Exploration of Jane Austen's Use of the Outdoors in Emma
• Geography: The Effect of Location on the Educational Attainment of Indigenous Secondary Students in Queensland, Australia
• Math: Alhazen's Billiard Problem
• Visual Arts: Can Luc Tuymans Be Classified as a Political Painter?

You can see from how varied the topics are that you have a lot of freedom when it comes to picking a topic . So how do you pick when the options are limitless?

How to Write a Stellar IB Extended Essay: 6 Essential Tips

Below are six key tips to keep in mind as you work on your Extended Essay for the IB DP. Follow these and you're sure to get an A!

#1: Write About Something You Enjoy

You can't expect to write a compelling essay if you're not a fan of the topic on which you're writing. For example, I just love British theatre and ended up writing my Extended Essay on a revolution in post-WWII British theatre. (Yes, I'm definitely a #TheatreNerd.)

I really encourage anyone who pursues an IB Diploma to take the Extended Essay seriously. I was fortunate enough to receive a full-tuition merit scholarship to USC's School of Dramatic Arts program. In my interview for the scholarship, I spoke passionately about my Extended Essay; thus, I genuinely think my Extended Essay helped me get my scholarship.

But how do you find a topic you're passionate about? Start by thinking about which classes you enjoy the most and why . Do you like math classes because you like to solve problems? Or do you enjoy English because you like to analyze literary texts?

Keep in mind that there's no right or wrong answer when it comes to choosing your Extended Essay topic. You're not more likely to get high marks because you're writing about science, just like you're not doomed to failure because you've chosen to tackle the social sciences. The quality of what you produce—not the field you choose to research within—will determine your grade.

Once you've figured out your category, you should brainstorm more specific topics by putting pen to paper . What was your favorite chapter you learned in that class? Was it astrophysics or mechanics? What did you like about that specific chapter? Is there something you want to learn more about? I recommend spending a few hours on this type of brainstorming.

One last note: if you're truly stumped on what to research, pick a topic that will help you in your future major or career . That way you can use your Extended Essay as a talking point in your college essays (and it will prepare you for your studies to come too!).

#2: Select a Topic That Is Neither Too Broad nor Too Narrow

There's a fine line between broad and narrow. You need to write about something specific, but not so specific that you can't write 4,000 words on it.

You can't write about WWII because that would be a book's worth of material. You also don't want to write about what type of soup prisoners of war received behind enemy lines, because you probably won’t be able to come up with 4,000 words of material about it. However, you could possibly write about how the conditions in German POW camps—and the rations provided—were directly affected by the Nazis' successes and failures on the front, including the use of captured factories and prison labor in Eastern Europe to increase production. WWII military history might be a little overdone, but you get my point.

If you're really stuck trying to pinpoint a not-too-broad-or-too-narrow topic, I suggest trying to brainstorm a topic that uses a comparison. Once you begin looking through the list of sample essays below, you'll notice that many use comparisons to formulate their main arguments.

I also used a comparison in my EE, contrasting Harold Pinter's Party Time with John Osborne's Look Back in Anger in order to show a transition in British theatre. Topics with comparisons of two to three plays, books, and so on tend to be the sweet spot. You can analyze each item and then compare them with one another after doing some in-depth analysis of each individually. The ways these items compare and contrast will end up forming the thesis of your essay!

When choosing a comparative topic, the key is that the comparison should be significant. I compared two plays to illustrate the transition in British theatre, but you could compare the ways different regional dialects affect people's job prospects or how different temperatures may or may not affect the mating patterns of lightning bugs. The point here is that comparisons not only help you limit your topic, but they also help you build your argument.

Comparisons are not the only way to get a grade-A EE, though. If after brainstorming, you pick a non-comparison-based topic and are still unsure whether your topic is too broad or narrow, spend about 30 minutes doing some basic research and see how much material is out there.

If there are more than 1,000 books, articles, or documentaries out there on that exact topic, it may be too broad. But if there are only two books that have any connection to your topic, it may be too narrow. If you're still unsure, ask your advisor—it's what they're there for! Speaking of advisors...

Don't get stuck with a narrow topic!

#3: Choose an Advisor Who Is Familiar With Your Topic

If you're not certain of who you would like to be your advisor, create a list of your top three choices. Next, write down the pros and cons of each possibility (I know this sounds tedious, but it really helps!).

For example, Mr. Green is my favorite teacher and we get along really well, but he teaches English. For my EE, I want to conduct an experiment that compares the efficiency of American electric cars with foreign electric cars.

I had Ms. White a year ago. She teaches physics and enjoyed having me in her class. Unlike Mr. Green, Ms. White could help me design my experiment.

Based on my topic and what I need from my advisor, Ms. White would be a better fit for me than would Mr. Green (even though I like him a lot).

The moral of my story is this: do not just ask your favorite teacher to be your advisor . They might be a hindrance to you if they teach another subject. For example, I would not recommend asking your biology teacher to guide you in writing an English literature-based EE.

There can, of course, be exceptions to this rule. If you have a teacher who's passionate and knowledgeable about your topic (as my English teacher was about my theatre topic), you could ask that instructor. Consider all your options before you do this. There was no theatre teacher at my high school, so I couldn't find a theatre-specific advisor, but I chose the next best thing.

Before you approach a teacher to serve as your advisor, check with your high school to see what requirements they have for this process. Some IB high schools require your IB Extended Essay advisor to sign an Agreement Form , for instance.

Make sure that you ask your IB coordinator whether there is any required paperwork to fill out. If your school needs a specific form signed, bring it with you when you ask your teacher to be your EE advisor.

#4: Pick an Advisor Who Will Push You to Be Your Best

Some teachers might just take on students because they have to and aren't very passionate about reading drafts, only giving you minimal feedback. Choose a teacher who will take the time to read several drafts of your essay and give you extensive notes. I would not have gotten my A without being pushed to make my Extended Essay draft better.

Ask a teacher that you have experience with through class or an extracurricular activity. Do not ask a teacher that you have absolutely no connection to. If a teacher already knows you, that means they already know your strengths and weaknesses, so they know what to look for, where you need to improve, and how to encourage your best work.

Also, don't forget that your supervisor's assessment is part of your overall EE score . If you're meeting with someone who pushes you to do better—and you actually take their advice—they'll have more impressive things to say about you than a supervisor who doesn't know you well and isn't heavily involved in your research process.

Be aware that the IB only allows advisors to make suggestions and give constructive criticism. Your teacher cannot actually help you write your EE. The IB recommends that the supervisor spends approximately two to three hours in total with the candidate discussing the EE.

#5: Make Sure Your Essay Has a Clear Structure and Flow

The IB likes structure. Your EE needs a clear introduction (which should be one to two double-spaced pages), research question/focus (i.e., what you're investigating), a body, and a conclusion (about one double-spaced page). An essay with unclear organization will be graded poorly.

The body of your EE should make up the bulk of the essay. It should be about eight to 18 pages long (again, depending on your topic). Your body can be split into multiple parts. For example, if you were doing a comparison, you might have one third of your body as Novel A Analysis, another third as Novel B Analysis, and the final third as your comparison of Novels A and B.

If you're conducting an experiment or analyzing data, such as in this EE , your EE body should have a clear structure that aligns with the scientific method ; you should state the research question, discuss your method, present the data, analyze the data, explain any uncertainties, and draw a conclusion and/or evaluate the success of the experiment.

#6: Start Writing Sooner Rather Than Later!

You will not be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in just a week and get an A on it. You'll be reading many, many articles (and, depending on your topic, possibly books and plays as well!). As such, it's imperative that you start your research as soon as possible.

Each school has a slightly different deadline for the Extended Essay. Some schools want them as soon as November of your senior year; others will take them as late as February. Your school will tell you what your deadline is. If they haven't mentioned it by February of your junior year, ask your IB coordinator about it.

Some high schools will provide you with a timeline of when you need to come up with a topic, when you need to meet with your advisor, and when certain drafts are due. Not all schools do this. Ask your IB coordinator if you are unsure whether you are on a specific timeline.

Below is my recommended EE timeline. While it's earlier than most schools, it'll save you a ton of heartache (trust me, I remember how hard this process was!):

• January/February of Junior Year: Come up with your final research topic (or at least your top three options).
• February of Junior Year: Approach a teacher about being your EE advisor. If they decline, keep asking others until you find one. See my notes above on how to pick an EE advisor.
• April/May of Junior Year: Submit an outline of your EE and a bibliography of potential research sources (I recommend at least seven to 10) to your EE advisor. Meet with your EE advisor to discuss your outline.
• Summer Between Junior and Senior Year: Complete your first full draft over the summer between your junior and senior year. I know, I know—no one wants to work during the summer, but trust me—this will save you so much stress come fall when you are busy with college applications and other internal assessments for your IB classes. You will want to have this first full draft done because you will want to complete a couple of draft cycles as you likely won't be able to get everything you want to say into 4,000 articulate words on the first attempt. Try to get this first draft into the best possible shape so you don't have to work on too many revisions during the school year on top of your homework, college applications, and extracurriculars.
• August/September of Senior Year: Turn in your first draft of your EE to your advisor and receive feedback. Work on incorporating their feedback into your essay. If they have a lot of suggestions for improvement, ask if they will read one more draft before the final draft.
• September/October of Senior Year: Submit the second draft of your EE to your advisor (if necessary) and look at their feedback. Work on creating the best possible final draft.
• November-February of Senior Year: Schedule your viva voce. Submit two copies of your final draft to your school to be sent off to the IB. You likely will not get your grade until after you graduate.

Remember that in the middle of these milestones, you'll need to schedule two other reflection sessions with your advisor . (Your teachers will actually take notes on these sessions on a form like this one , which then gets submitted to the IB.)

I recommend doing them when you get feedback on your drafts, but these meetings will ultimately be up to your supervisor. Just don't forget to do them!

The early bird DOES get the worm!

How Is the IB Extended Essay Graded?

Extended Essays are graded by examiners appointed by the IB on a scale of 0 to 34 . You'll be graded on five criteria, each with its own set of points. You can learn more about how EE scoring works by reading the IB guide to extended essays .

• Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum)
• Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum)
• Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum)
• Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum)
• Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum)

How well you do on each of these criteria will determine the final letter grade you get for your EE. You must earn at least a D to be eligible to receive your IB Diploma.

Although each criterion has a point value, the IB explicitly states that graders are not converting point totals into grades; instead, they're using qualitative grade descriptors to determine the final grade of your Extended Essay . Grade descriptors are on pages 102-103 of this document .

Here's a rough estimate of how these different point values translate to letter grades based on previous scoring methods for the EE. This is just an estimate —you should read and understand the grade descriptors so you know exactly what the scorers are looking for.

Here is the breakdown of EE scores (from the May 2021 bulletin):

How Does the Extended Essay Grade Affect Your IB Diploma?

The Extended Essay grade is combined with your TOK (Theory of Knowledge) grade to determine how many points you get toward your IB Diploma.

To learn about Theory of Knowledge or how many points you need to receive an IB Diploma, read our complete guide to the IB program and our guide to the IB Diploma requirements .

This diagram shows how the two scores are combined to determine how many points you receive for your IB diploma (3 being the most, 0 being the least). In order to get your IB Diploma, you have to earn 24 points across both categories (the TOK and EE). The highest score anyone can earn is 45 points.

Let's say you get an A on your EE and a B on TOK. You will get 3 points toward your Diploma. As of 2014, a student who scores an E on either the extended essay or TOK essay will not be eligible to receive an IB Diploma .

Prior to the class of 2010, a Diploma candidate could receive a failing grade in either the Extended Essay or Theory of Knowledge and still be awarded a Diploma, but this is no longer true.

Figuring out how you're assessed can be a little tricky. Luckily, the IB breaks everything down here in this document . (The assessment information begins on page 219.)

40+ Sample Extended Essays for the IB Diploma Programme

In case you want a little more guidance on how to get an A on your EE, here are over 40 excellent (grade A) sample extended essays for your reading pleasure. Essays are grouped by IB subject.

• Business Management 1
• Chemistry 1
• Chemistry 2
• Chemistry 3
• Chemistry 4
• Chemistry 5
• Chemistry 6
• Chemistry 7
• Computer Science 1
• Economics 1
• Design Technology 1
• Design Technology 2
• Environmental Systems and Societies 1
• Geography 1
• Geography 2
• Geography 3
• Geography 4
• Geography 5
• Geography 6
• Literature and Performance 1
• Mathematics 1
• Mathematics 2
• Mathematics 3
• Mathematics 4
• Mathematics 5
• Philosophy 1
• Philosophy 2
• Philosophy 3
• Philosophy 4
• Philosophy 5
• Psychology 1
• Psychology 2
• Psychology 3
• Psychology 4
• Psychology 5
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 1
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 2
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 3
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 1
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 2
• Visual Arts 1
• Visual Arts 2
• Visual Arts 3
• Visual Arts 4
• Visual Arts 5
• World Religion 1
• World Religion 2
• World Religion 3

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What is the IB Program Extended Essay?

Why is the ib extended essay important, writing the extended essay, how can i choose a topic, how can i best prepare for the extended essay, final thoughts.

Published November 26, 2023

The Ultimate Guide to IB Extended Essays

High School Sophomore from West Virginia, Avid Classics Enthusiast, Marketing Intern and Blog Writer at Knowt :)

For high school students taking part in the International Baccalaureate (IB) program, the Extended Essay is a substantial academic endeavor that deserves careful consideration. Not doing well on this essay might lose you your IB diploma. It represents an opportunity to dive deeply into a subject of personal interest, showcasing not only one's research and writing abilities but also a commitment to scholarly exploration. In this article, we'll provide a comprehensive understanding of what the essay entails, its significance within the program, the sequential stages involved in its completion, and how students can effectively navigate this substantial academic challenge. Whether you are embarking on this intellectual journey or seeking to gain insight into this fundamental component of the IB curriculum, our guide intends to shed light on the purpose, process, and educational impact of the essay in a formal and informative manner.

The IB Extended Essay is a rigorous independent research project at the heart of the IB Diploma Programme. It challenges high school students to dive into a chosen subject of personal interest in a structured and scholarly manner. The Extended Essay requires students to engage in extensive research, develop a clear research question or hypothesis, and produce a substantial written essay of up to 4,000 words. This endeavor is designed to cultivate essential skills, including critical thinking, research methodology, and effective communication, while encouraging students to explore their passions and pursue academic excellence. The Extended Essay not only serves as a capstone achievement in the programbut also provides a valuable opportunity for students to develop the intellectual independence and research skills needed for success in higher education and beyond.

The IB Extended Essay holds paramount significance within the International Baccalaureate (IB) program for several compelling reasons. Firstly, it fosters intellectual independence and critical thinking, as students are tasked with formulating their research questions, conducting thorough investigations, and presenting their findings in a scholarly manner. This process not only hones their research skills but also nurtures a passion for academic inquiry. Additionally, the Extended Essay equips students with valuable research methodologies, analytical abilities, and effective communication skills, all of which are indispensable for success in higher education and future careers. Furthermore, it offers an opportunity for students to explore their interests deeply, cultivating a lifelong love for learning. Ultimately, the Extended Essay is not merely an academic exercise but a transformative experience that prepares students for the challenges of university studies and instills a sense of intellectual curiosity and rigor that extends far beyond their academic journey.

Topic Selection: Begin by selecting a subject area and a specific topic that genuinely interests you. Ensure that it aligns with one of the approved IB subject areas and is sufficiently focused.

Formulate a Research Question: Develop a clear and concise research question or hypothesis that will serve as the central focus of your essay. Ensure that your question is researchable and open to investigation.

Conduct In-Depth Research: Dive into extensive research, gathering a variety of sources relevant to your topic. This includes books, academic articles, primary sources, and data, if applicable. Keep detailed notes and organize your sources systematically.

Create an Outline: Outline the structure of your essay, including the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Establish a logical flow for your arguments and evidence. You can use Knowt's AI to help structure your essay as well! 

Write the First Draft: Begin writing your essay based on your outline. Ensure that your arguments are well-structured, supported by evidence, and directly related to your research question. Adhere to the word limit and proper citation style.

Revise and Refine: Review your first draft critically. Check for clarity, coherence, and conciseness in your writing. Revise and refine your arguments, and make sure your essay flows smoothly.

Seek Feedback: Share your draft with teachers, peers, or mentors for constructive feedback. Consider their suggestions and make necessary revisions.

Finalize Your Essay: After incorporating feedback, finalize your essay, paying meticulous attention to grammar, spelling, and formatting. Ensure that your citations and bibliography follow the prescribed citation style.

Abstract and Table of Contents: Write a clear and concise abstract that summarizes your essay's key points. Create a table of contents to provide readers with a roadmap of your essay's structure.

Proofread: Proofread your essay carefully to eliminate any errors or inconsistencies. Consider seeking assistance from a trusted proofreader to catch any overlooked mistakes.

Submit Your Essay: Submit your final essay to your IB coordinator, adhering to the submission deadline and any specific formatting requirements.

Reflect on the Process: Take time to reflect on your journey, the challenges you encountered, and the skills you developed. Consider how your research contributed to your understanding of the subject.

Looking over your subject matter, or notes, to see if there is a particular part of the class that you would like to explore further is one way to start. Look for a subject that you find particularly interesting and would like to explore further. You will be spending quite a bit of time with your research topic, so make sure it is something you enjoy! If your notes are not very detailed and need more information, check out these free IB resources , which include study guides and notes from HL Latin to SL Biology to HL/SL Computer Science . We have it all. 

Preparing effectively for the IB Extended Essay involves a combination of careful planning and consistent effort. Start by selecting a topic that genuinely interests you, as passion for your subject matter will sustain your motivation throughout the project. Next, create a detailed timeline that outlines specific milestones, research periods, and writing deadlines to ensure you stay on track. Familiarize yourself with the Extended Essay guide from various IB resources and assessment criteria to understand what is expected. Seek guidance and feedback from your EE supervisor and teachers, and don't hesitate to ask questions when you encounter challenges. Prioritize thorough research, utilize credible sources, and keep meticulous notes to ease the writing process. Stay organized, manage your time wisely, and allocate dedicated study sessions for your EE. Finally, embrace revisions and feedback as opportunities for improvement and consider seeking external guidance or resources if needed. With careful planning, dedication, and a proactive approach to research and writing, you'll be well-prepared to excel in your Extended Essay project.

Overall, the IB Extended Essay is an exciting journey that invites you to explore your interests deeply and cultivate a genuine passion for learning. It's a chance to take your academic skills to the next level, fostering critical thinking, research prowess, and effective communication—all of which will serve you well in future endeavors. Embrace this opportunity with enthusiasm, knowing that your dedication and curiosity will lead you to discoveries beyond the confines of your essay. While the path may have its challenges, remember that with determination and support, you can not only succeed but also find fulfillment in the pursuit of knowledge. So, embark on this adventure with confidence, for the Extended Essay is your platform to make a meaningful contribution to the world of ideas and scholarship. Your journey is bound to be rewarding, and your growth as a student and thinker, truly remarkable.

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IB Extended Essay: A Step-by-Step Guide

The International Baccalaureate (IB) Extended Essay is a substantial research project that challenges high school students to explore a topic of personal interest within one of the IB's six subject areas. This extended essay, typically around 4,000 words in length, allows students to engage in independent research and develop critical thinking and writing skills. In this step-by-step guide, we will walk you through the process of completing your IB Extended Essay successfully.

1. Choose Your Subject Area and Topic

- Subject Area: First, select one of the six IB subject areas that you're passionate about and in which you have a strong academic background. These areas include Language and Literature, Language Acquisition, Individuals and Societies, Sciences, Mathematics, and the Arts.

- Topic: Narrow down your subject area to a specific topic or research question that genuinely interests you. Your topic should be neither too broad nor too narrow, allowing for in-depth exploration within the word limit.

2. Develop a Research Question

- Research Question: Create a clear and focused research question that guides your investigation. Your research question should be specific, open-ended, and relevant to your chosen subject area.

3. Conduct Preliminary Research

- Literature Review: Start with preliminary research to gain an understanding of the existing scholarship and literature related to your topic. This will help you refine your research question and identify gaps in the current knowledge.

4. Create a Research Plan

- Timeline: Develop a timeline that outlines key milestones and deadlines for your extended essay. This plan should include research, data collection (if applicable), writing, and revision phases.

5. Collect and Analyze Data (if applicable)

- If your extended essay requires data collection (e.g., experiments, surveys, interviews), conduct this research following ethical guidelines. Ensure that your data collection is well-documented and relevant to your research question.

6. Outline Your Essay

- Structure: Create a clear and organized outline for your extended essay. Typically, your essay will include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The body should be divided into sections or chapters that address different aspects of your research.

- Thesis Statement: Develop a strong thesis statement that presents your main argument or hypothesis.

7. Write Your Extended Essay

- Introduction: Start with a compelling introduction that introduces your research question and provides context for your study.

- Body: Present your research findings and analysis in a logical and structured manner. Ensure that each paragraph contributes to your argument and supports your thesis.

- Citations: Properly cite all sources using a consistent citation style (e.g., MLA, APA). Be diligent in avoiding plagiarism.

- Conclusion: Summarize your main findings, restate your thesis, and discuss the significance of your research.

8. Revise and Edit

- Review: Take time to review and revise your extended essay. Check for clarity, coherence, grammar, spelling, and formatting errors.

- Peer Review: Consider having a peer or teacher review your essay for feedback and suggestions.

9. Create Citations and Bibliography

- Generate a comprehensive bibliography that includes all the sources you used in your research. Ensure that your citations are accurate and properly formatted.

10. Submit Your Extended Essay

- Follow your school's guidelines for submission, including deadlines and formatting requirements.

11. Reflect on the Process

- After completing your extended essay, take some time to reflect on your research journey. Consider what you learned, the challenges you faced, and the skills you developed.

12. Celebrate Your Achievement

- Completing an IB Extended Essay is a significant accomplishment. Celebrate your hard work and the knowledge you've gained throughout the process.

The IB Extended Essay is an opportunity for high school students to engage in independent research and develop essential academic skills. By following this step-by-step guide and staying committed to your research and writing, you can successfully complete your extended essay and present a well-researched and well-structured project that demonstrates your academic abilities and passion for your chosen subject area.

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The IB extended essay is a paper of up to 4,000 words that is required for students enrolled in the International Baccalaureate (IB) diploma program. The extended essay allows students to engage in independent research on a topic within one of the available subject areas.

The extended essay should be an original piece of academic writing that demonstrates the following student's abilities:

• Formulating a research question
• Conductig independent investigation
• Presenting key findings in a scholarly format.

Check out this article by StudyCrumb to discover how to write an IB extendend essay properly. We will give you a complete writing guide and critical tips you need for this essay type.

IB Extended Essay: What Is It?

An extended essay is independent research. Usually students choose a topic in consultation with a mentor. It is an integral part of the International Baccalaureate (IB) degree program. This means that you won't receive a degree without a successfully written paper. It requires 4,000-word study on a chosen narrow topic. To get a high score, you should meet all required structure and formatting standards. This is the result of approximately 40 working hours. Its purpose is giving you the opportunity to try independent research writing. It's approved that these skills are critical for student success at university. The following sections explain how to write an extended article with examples. So keep reading!  

Choosing a Mentor for Extended Essay

IB extended essay guidelines require supervisor meetings, totaling 3-5 hours. They include three critical reflections. A mentor won't write a paper instead of you but can help adjust it. So it is important to consult with them, but no one will proofread or correct actual research for you. In general, initially treat an essay as an exclusively individual work. So your role and contribution are maximal.

Extended Essay Outline

Let's take a look at how to write an extended essay outline. In this part, you organize yourself so that your work develops your idea. So we especially recommend you work out this step with your teacher. You can also find any outline example for essay . In your short sketch, plan a roadmap for your thoughts. Think through and prepare a summary of each paragraph. Then, expand annotation of each section with a couple more supporting evidence. Explain how specific examples illustrate key points. Make it more significant by using different opinions on general issues.  

Extended Essay: Getting Started

After you chose an extended essay topic and made an outline, it's time to start your research. Start with a complete Table of Contents and make a choice of a research question. Select the subject in which you feel most confident and which is most interesting for you. For example, if at school you are interested in natural science, focus on that. If you have difficulties choosing a research question, rely on our essay topic generator .

Extended Essay Introduction

In the introduction of an extended essay, present a thesis statement. But do it in such a way that your readers understand the importance of your research. State research question clearly. That is the central question that you are trying to answer while writing. Even your score depends on how you develop your particular research question. Therefore, it is essential to draw it up correctly. Gather all relevant information from relevant sources. Explain why this is worth exploring. Then provide a research plan, which you will disclose further.  

Extended Essay Methodology

In accordance with extended essay guidelines, it's mandatory to choose and clearly state a methodological approach. So, it will be apparent to your examiner how you answered your research question. Include your collection methods and tools you use for collection and analysis. Your strategies can be experimental or descriptive, quantitative or qualitative. Research collection tools include observations, questionnaires, interviews, or background knowledge.

Extended Essay Main Body

Well, here we come to the most voluminous part of the extended essay for IB! In every essay body paragraph , you reveal your research question and discuss your topic. Provide all details of your academic study. But stay focused and do it without dubious ideas. Use different sources of information to provide supporting arguments and substantial evidence. This will impress professors. For this section, 3 main paragraphs are enough. Discuss each idea or argument in a separate paragraph. You can even use supporting quotes where appropriate. But don't overcomplicate. Make your extended essay easy to read and logical. It's critical to stay concise, so if you aren't sure how to make your text readable, use our tool to get a readbility test . Following the plan you outlined earlier is very important. Analyze each fact before including it in your writing. And don't write unnecessary information.

Extended Essay Conclusion

Now let's move on to the final part of IB extended essay guidelines. In conclusion, focus on summarizing the main points you have made. No new ideas or information can be introduced in this part. Use conclusion as your last chance to impress your readers. Reframe your own strong thesis. Here you must show all key points. Do not repeat absolutely every argument. Better try to make this part unique. This will show that you have a clear understanding of the topic you have chosen. And even more professional will be recommendations of new areas for future research. One good paragraph may be enough here. Although in some cases, two or three paragraphs may be required.

Extended Essay Bibliography & Appendices

To write an impressive extended essay, you should focus on appropriate information. You must create a separate page for bibliography with all sources you used. Tip from us: start writing this page with the first quote you use. Don't write this part last or postpone. In turn, appendices are not an essential section. Examiners will not pay much attention to this part. Therefore, include all information directly related to analysis and argumentation in the main body. Include raw data in the appendix only if it is really urgently needed. Moreover, it is better not to refer to appendices in text itself. This can disrupt the narrative of the essay.  

Extended Essay Examples

We have prepared a good example of an extended essay. You can check it by downloading it for free. You can use it as a template. However, pay attention that your paper is required to be unique. Don't be afraid to present all the skills you gained during your IB.

Final Thoughts on IB Extended Essay

In this article, we presented detailed IB extended essay guidelines. An extended essay is a daunting academic challenge to write. It is a research paper with a deep thematic analysis of information. But we have described several practical and straightforward tips. Therefore, we are sure that you will succeed!

If topics seem too complex, turn to our top essay writers. They will accomplish any IB assignment in the best way your professor can evaluate it!  

Daniel Howard is an Essay Writing guru. He helps students create essays that will strike a chord with the readers.

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Guide to the IB Extended Essay in 2024

January 24, 2024

If you’re an International Baccalaureate student getting ready to write your IB Extended Essay, you might be experiencing some very understandable trepidation. But have no fear—we’re here to help you understand what’s required of you, how to plan ahead (IB extended essay topics), and how you’ll be graded (IB extended essay rubric). Keep reading for a good dose of preparation and confidence before you begin the journey. In this article, we’ll cover:

What is the IB Extended Essay?

The ib extended essay—required content, ib extended essay topics.

IB Extended Essay—Sample Essays

IB Extended Essay Tips

Ib extended essay rubric, ib extended essay—more resources.

The IB Extended Essay is a 4,000-word paper that asks you to immerse yourself in research and academic writing. A required part of the IB program, the Extended Essay is a chance to dig deep into a topic that fascinates you.

Although it’s no small task, the IB Extended Essay is an opportunity to gain practical research and writing skills that will come in handy again in college. As you write, you’ll learn how to:

• Identify credible sources
• Formulate a research question and limit your scope of research
• Communicate ideas to an audience
• Develop a well-supported argument

The IB Extended Essay is largely an independent, self-directed project, but don’t worry—the IB program doesn’t throw you into the deep end. You do get to select a mentor (usually a teacher at your school) to help guide you through the process. As you write, you’ll be required to meet with your mentor three times. As part of your final evaluation, your mentor will interview you in a final reflection section called a viva voce . During the viva voce, your mentor will check for plagiarism and malpractice, ask you to reflect on challenges and difficulties, and prompt you to discuss what you’ve learned through the research and writing process. Your mentor will then generate a report that factors into your final grade.

Your final essay must include the following:

• Contents page
• Introduction
• Body of the essay
• References and bibliography

For this essay, it will be up to you to generate a topic; the International Baccalaureate does not provide prompts. However, your essay will need to fit within one of six provided subject areas . You’ll choose from the following list of IB Extended Essay Topics:

• Language and literature
• Language acquisition
• Individuals and societies
• Mathematics

IB Extended Essay Topics (Continued)

At a glance, the subject areas might look limited, but the topics you can choose to write about are actually wide-ranging. The “Individuals and societies” category includes social science topics like economics, history, world religions, and philosophy. And, if you’re leaning toward “Science,” you can choose from classic subjects such as biology, chemistry, and physics, or related topics like environmental systems or health science, among others.

The IB also offers a special “World Studies” option for students interested in researching global issues. This subject would allow you to center your writing on global issues such as migration, global health, cultural exchange, or climate change.

Wondering what an outstanding IB Extended Essay looks like? The International Baccalaureate provides quite a few sample student essays online . Here are five essays that earned A grades.

Language and literature: An exploration of an aspect of the narrative voice in Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita

Environmental Systems and Societies: The economic impact of the 1995 reintroduction of grey wolves to Yellowstone National Park

Psychology: To what extent do social networking sites (SNS) usage lead to experience of anxiety in adolescents?

Music: Composition techniques in the 1st movement of Johannes Brahms’s Symphony No. 2, Op. 73

Business Management: Corporate Culture at Oracle

1) Pick something you’re passionate about

As you can see from the titles above, the IB Extended Essay is a great place to delve into a niche topic that fascinates you. Since you’ll be spending many months on this essay, you’ll want to pick a topic you genuinely enjoy spending time learning about. It’s also smart to choose something you’ve already learned about in your IB classes so that you have a strong foundation of knowledge to start with. In music class, do you love pondering why music makes us feel a certain way? Maybe an essay about music theory will keep your gears turning. Do you come alive trying to solve seemingly impossible problems in physics class? Now’s your chance to put those equations into action.

Since this essay is all about your academic interests, it’s also a good idea to pick a topic that’s relevant to what you plan to study in college. Selecting a relevant topic will provide you with significant exposure to the field and will also give you something meaningful to talk about in your college admissions essays.

2) Limit your scope

What’s the meaning of life? Why do wars happen? What is time? Some questions are just way too big to answer, and your IB Extended Essay is not a good place to tackle expansive, philosophical questions. Instead, think of this essay as a place to investigate one piece of a big question. If, let’s say, you’re generally interested in what helps women reach positions of leadership in business, this is a good place to examine how one or a few companies approach this issue. Or, if you’re interested in studying what inspires surrealist painters, you’ll want to pick one or a few painters to research, likely all from the same time period. For both these topics, you’d need a whole textbook to tackle the full question, but limiting your scope will make it much easier to write a clear and cohesive 4,000 words.

On the other hand, it’s possible to narrow your focus too much. It would be impossible, for example, to write 4,000 words about a single sentence in a novel. Make sure you talk about scope early and often with your mentor. Together, you can find the perfect Goldilocks scope for your project that’s not too big and not too small.

3) Choose a good mentor

Speaking of mentors, choosing wisely will help you enormously as you embark on your IB Extended Essay. You’ll want to make sure you choose someone with existing knowledge in your research topic. Your English teacher may be able to give you great writing advice, for example, but they won’t be able to guide your research and scope if you’re writing about marine animals or modern dance.

Before you approach a teacher, make sure you have at least one topic idea (or even a few ideas) in mind so that you can make sure they’ll be a good fit to supervise your project. When you meet with them, find out what their mentorship style is like. Make sure they’ll have time to read several drafts of your essays, meet with you a few times, and give you feedback. Some IB schools will require your IB Extended Essay mentor to sign an agreement form too, so make sure you find out what paperwork is required in advance.

4) Get organized, way organized

The IB Extended Essay is not something you can crank out the night before it’s due. The essay is meant to be a substantive, in-depth, thoughtful, and thoroughly researched analysis, and Rome simply isn’t built in a day. This might be the longest paper you’ve written to date, and this project might require more research than you’ve been asked to do before. Timelines vary by school, but you’ll likely spend between eight months and a year working on your IB Extended Essay. So, how will you pull it all off? For these 8-12 months, organization will be your guiding light. We recommend you:

• Get started early. If your essay is due November of your senior year, start generating topic ideas during your junior year right after winter break.
• Create a long-view schedule for yourself. What will you accomplish each month of your process?
• Give yourself deadlines. Once you choose a mentor, suggest 2-3 draft deadline dates so that you will be held accountable throughout the writing process.
• Find a note-taking system that works for you. You’ll be reading many articles and books and it’s hard to keep track of all your sources. Create a document or spreadsheet where you keep track of the sources you’ve found and check them off as you read. As you finish reading a text, type up important quotes and a few notes explaining how it connects to your topic and to your other texts.

5)Write a messy first draft

Writing never comes out perfect the first time, even for New York Times bestselling authors and the most experienced researchers. In your first draft, give yourself permission to get all your thoughts out, no matter how unstructured or rambling they are. Call this your brainstorming draft. When you’re ready to revisit it, see what patterns emerge, what common ideas you can group together, what beginning buds of ideas you can make bloom into full-fledged analysis.

6) Communicate for an audience

When you’re used to producing writing that only your teacher reads, it can be hard to remember to write for an audience. But at the end of the day, writing is communication , and the best writing is clear and thorough communication that anyone could pick up and read. For your IB Extended Essay, you’ll want to remember that many people will be reading your final essay, and not all of them will be experts in the niche topic you choose to study. Ask yourself: how can I explain my research to an audience who doesn’t already agree with my analysis?

To communicate to an audience, you’ll want to:

• Provide lots of general background information on your topic.
• Don’t assume your reader is familiar with your sources. Introduce them as if they’re guest speakers about to walk up to a podium and deliver a lecture.
• After including quotes, facts, and figures, be sure to explain what those sources mean in your own words and how they connect to your bigger-picture argument.
• Don’t assume your arguments are self-evident. In this essay, communicating for an audience means supplying ongoing interpretation and analysis, even if it feels like you’re explaining the obvious. Your reader isn’t on your research journey with you, so your points might not be so obvious to your reader.

Although your IB Extended Essay provides a report that factors into your grade, your essay will also be assessed by external examiners the IB. Per the IB Extended Essay Rubric , essays are graded on a scale from 0 to 34 based on 5 different criteria:

• Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum)
• Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum)
• Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum)
• Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum)
• Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum)

As you can see, Critical Thinking is the most significant rubric category. This means that the IB wants to see you arrive at your own unique analysis of your topic, drawing connections between sources and data, and making well-supported arguments. This means they want a lot of you: your ideas, your interpretations, your thoughts. Make sure you emphasize that in your essay, but of course don’t forget the other categories.

The score a student receives corresponds to a letter grade scale that is slightly different than what we’re accustomed to in the U.S. Here’s the letter grade to numerical score breakdown:

You must earn a D or higher to receive your IB Diploma. To learn more about the different criteria included in the IB Extended Essay Rubric, you can explore the IB’s full guide to the Extended Essay .

We hope you found our look at the IB extended essay rubric and IB extended essay topics to be helpful. Ready to dive into research? You may want to read our 10 Expert Tips for Improving Reading Comprehension before you hit the books.

And if you’re a high school student in the process of mapping out your pathway to college, take a look at a few other useful guides:

• IB vs AP—Which Classes are Best for College Admission?
• How to Earn College Credit in High School
• High School Course Requirements for College Admission
• SAT Score Calculator
• ACT Score Calculator 
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Christina Wood

Christina Wood holds a BA in Literature & Writing from UC San Diego, an MFA in Creative Writing from Washington University in St. Louis, and is currently a Doctoral Candidate in English at the University of Georgia, where she teaches creative writing and first-year composition courses. Christina has published fiction and nonfiction in numerous publications, including The Paris Review , McSweeney’s , Granta , Virginia Quarterly Review , The Sewanee Review , Mississippi Review , and Puerto del Sol , among others. Her story “The Astronaut” won the 2018 Shirley Jackson Award for short fiction and received a “Distinguished Stories” mention in the 2019 Best American Short Stories anthology.

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IB Extended Essay: 300+ Ideas And Guide

What is the ib extended essay.

The IB Extended Essay (EE) stands as one of the cornerstones of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP). Acting as an independent research task, the EE challenges students to investigate a topic of personal interest within the confines of the IBDP subjects they're engaged in. This endeavor, while rigorous, serves multiple purposes. Not only does it enhance students' analytical, critical thinking, and research prowess, but it also equips them with skills sought after by tertiary institutions and employers alike.

Spanning up to 4,000 words, the Extended Essay might seem daunting initially. However, its essence is about in-depth exploration. Think of it as a scholarly work that provides you with a unique chance to delve deep into a subject, test hypotheses, and showcase your understanding. The final output isn't just the essay, but also a formal presentation or viva voce, which promotes reflective learning and celebrates the culmination of this academic journey.

Given its weightage, the EE often becomes a differentiator for students when applying to competitive university programs. It showcases dedication, commitment to academic rigor, and the ability to synthesize large amounts of information into a coherent, persuasive piece of scholarly writing. For a more comprehensive overview, refer to the official IB page that dives into the nuances of the Extended Essay.

How to Choose Your Extended Essay Research Question?

A pivotal step in the Extended Essay process is the formulation of a pertinent research question. This question becomes the anchor of your entire essay, influencing your research, analysis, and conclusions. Here's a structured approach to help you craft the perfect research question:

• Passion and Interest: It's essential to select a topic you're genuinely curious about. Your engagement level will influence the depth of research and the overall quality of the essay.
• Scope and Feasibility: While it's tempting to tackle a broad issue, the 4,000-word limit necessitates focus. Your topic should be specific enough to be covered comprehensively within the word count, but not so narrow that it lacks depth.
• Relevance to Course Material: Ensure that your question aligns with the IBDP subject under which you're submitting. This not only ensures adherence to guidelines but also leverages the knowledge you've gained during your course.
• Availability of Resources: Before finalizing a topic, conduct preliminary research to gauge the availability of primary and secondary resources. The depth of your essay depends heavily on the quality of your sources.
• Originality: While you don't need to choose a never-before-explored topic, adding a unique perspective or angle to existing discussions can make your essay stand out.
• Consultation with IBDP Tutors: Engage with your IBDP tutors or teachers. Their experience and insights can guide you in refining your research question.

Extended Essay Ideas for Each Subject

The IBDP offers a plethora of subjects, and the potential research questions within each are vast. While a comprehensive list would be exhaustive, here are 30 topic ideas spanning various IBDP subjects:

Extended Essay Ideas for Literature:

• Exploring the motif of forbidden love in Shakespeare's works.
• The representation of post-colonialism in Salman Rushdie's novels.
• Comparing the portrayal of World War I in British and German literature.
• The evolution of the tragic hero in Greek literature to modern novels.
• Magical realism in Gabriel García Márquez's "One Hundred Years of Solitude".
• The portrayal of women in Victorian-era literature.
• The influence of religion on F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby".
• Dystopian elements in Margaret Atwood's "The Handmaid's Tale".
• The role of nature in the works of William Wordsworth.
• Examining gender roles in Jane Austen's novels.
• Exploring the concept of madness in Edgar Allan Poe's short stories.
• The cultural and historical backdrop in Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart".
• Themes of identity and belonging in Jhumpa Lahiri's writings.
• Analysing the narrative structure of Mark Haddon's "The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time".
• Existential themes in Albert Camus's "The Stranger".
• Examining the societal impact of the Beat Generation through Jack Kerouac's "On the Road".
• Challenging norms: Satire in Jonathan Swift's "Gulliver's Travels".
• The symbol of the green light in F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby".
• Understanding the post-apocalyptic themes in Cormac McCarthy's "The Road".
• Exploring the intricate balance of love and power in Emily Brontë's "Wuthering Heights".
• The notion of the American Dream in Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman".
• Unraveling racial tensions in Harper Lee's "To Kill a Mockingbird".
• The essence of childhood innocence in J.M. Barrie's "Peter Pan".
• The portrayal of societal collapse in William Golding's "Lord of the Flies".
• Tracing the journey of self-discovery in Hermann Hesse's "Siddhartha".
• Exploring themes of justice and morality in Franz Kafka's "The Trial".
• Unearthing the depths of human psyche in Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment".
• The role of setting in shaping characters in Emily Brontë's "Wuthering Heights".
• Understanding loss and nostalgia in Marcel Proust's "In Search of Lost Time".
• Exploring the complexities of human relationships in Leo Tolstoy's "Anna Karenina".

Extended Essay Ideas for Biology:

• The impact of environmental changes on coral reef bleaching.
• Exploring the genetics behind the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
• Examining the effects of different diets on gut microbiota.
• Investigating the role of telomeres in the aging process.
• Effects of varying pH levels on plant growth.
• The role of epigenetics in determining phenotype.
• Studying the impact of light wavelengths on photosynthesis.
• Investigating the biochemistry behind venom in snake species.
• Effects of pollution on freshwater ecosystems.
• The influence of climate change on migration patterns of birds.
• Studying the neural mechanisms behind memory formation.
• Exploring symbiotic relationships in marine environments.
• The impact of invasive species on native ecosystems.
• Effects of endocrine disruptors on amphibian populations.
• Examining the biology of bioluminescence in deep-sea organisms.
• Studying the impact of urbanization on pollinators like bees.
• Exploring the regenerative abilities of planarians.
• Investigating the causes and effects of algal blooms in freshwater lakes.
• The role of mimicry as a survival strategy in insects.
• Studying the effects of plastic pollution on marine life.
• Investigating the impact of pesticides on soil microbiology.
• Exploring the genetic basis of resistance against pests in crops.
• Examining the mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer cells.
• Studying the biological impacts of microplastics ingestion in marine species.
• Exploring the role of CRISPR technology in genetic modifications.
• The physiological adaptations of desert plants for water conservation.
• Investigating the impact of radiation on cellular functions.
• Studying the behavioral patterns of ants in various environments.
• Examining the role of gut microbiota in human health and disease.
• Exploring the biological implications of long-term space travel on the human body.

Extended Essay Ideas for Chemistry:

• Exploring the effects of various catalysts on the rate of chemical reactions.
• Investigating the chemistry behind different types of batteries.
• Studying the solubility of salts in various solvents.
• Examining the extraction processes of essential oils from plants.
• Effects of different factors on the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
• Chemistry behind the polymerization of plastics.
• Studying the kinetics of the Maillard reaction in food chemistry.
• Investigating the role of chiral compounds in pharmaceuticals.
• Exploring the chemical properties of superconductors.
• The impact of pH on the stability of vitamins in foods.
• Investigating the chemistry of different sunscreen compounds.
• Exploring the mechanism of rusting and corrosion prevention.
• Chemical analysis of contaminants in drinking water.
• Studying the effects of salting on the preservation of foods.
• Exploring the synthesis and properties of biodegradable plastics.
• Effects of different fermentation conditions on alcohol yield.
• Chemistry of natural dyes and their extraction processes.
• Studying the chemical changes during the roasting of coffee beans.
• Investigating the chemistry of soap and detergents.
• Exploring the chemistry and impact of food additives and preservatives.
• Studying the properties and uses of nanomaterials.
• Investigating the synthesis and properties of organic semiconductors.
• Exploring the electrochemistry of fuel cells.
• Chemical analysis of pollutants in urban air.
• Exploring the chemistry of hair dyes and their effects on hair.
• Studying the isolation and properties of natural antioxidants.
• Investigating the chemistry of forensic ink analysis.
• Examining the effects of metal ions on enzyme activity.
• Exploring the chemistry of natural vs. synthetic fragrances.
• Studying the chemical methods for water softening and purification.

Extended Essay Ideas for Physics:

• Exploring the potential of renewable energy sources in the context of global warming.
• The impact of quantum mechanics on modern electronic devices.
• Analyzing the aerodynamics of sports cars using Bernoulli's principle.
• The science behind superconductors and their potential applications.
• Understanding the effects of gravitational waves on astronomical observations.
• Exploring the principles and applications of magnetic levitation (MagLev) trains.
• Optical illusions and their implications in understanding human perception.
• The role of physics in developing energy-efficient buildings.
• Understanding nuclear fusion: progress, challenges, and future prospects.
• Assessing the physics behind electric propulsion in space exploration.
• Exploring the phenomena and implications of sonoluminescence.
• Analyzing the role of physics in medical imaging techniques.
• Studying the physical principles of echolocation in bats.
• Impact of materials science on improving battery technology.
• Understanding black holes: From theory to observation.
• Principles and applications of photonics in modern technology.
• The role of thermodynamics in developing efficient engines.
• Exploring the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy.
• Applications and challenges of harnessing nuclear energy.
• Understanding the dynamics of fluid flow in cardiovascular systems.
• The physics behind climate modeling and predictions.
• Analyzing the mechanics of bird flight.
• Exploring the principles of acoustics in concert hall designs.
• Investigating the effects of microwaves on molecular structures of food.
• Role of physics in designing protective sports equipment.
• Understanding the challenges of interstellar travel.
• Studying the phenomena of Bose-Einstein condensates and its implications.
• Impacts and applications of fiber optics in telecommunications.
• Physics of tsunamis: generation, propagation, and impact.
• Exploring the challenges and innovations in cryogenics.

Extended Essay Ideas for Economics:

• Examining the economic impacts of immigration on host countries.
• Exploring the role of microfinance in poverty alleviation in developing countries.
• Investigating the effects of monopolies on consumer prices and choices.
• Studying the relationship between income inequality and economic growth.
• Exploring the economic implications of automation and artificial intelligence on employment.
• The impact of trade wars on global economic stability.
• Studying the factors affecting the housing market in major urban centers.
• Investigating the effects of tourism on local economies.
• Analyzing the economic consequences of climate change on agriculture.
• Exploring the relationship between education and economic development.
• Investigating the economic benefits and costs of hosting global sporting events.
• Studying the effects of remittances on the economies of developing countries.
• Examining the role of central banks in controlling inflation.
• Exploring the impact of foreign direct investment on local industries.
• Analyzing the relationship between consumer confidence and economic growth.
• Studying the economic implications of aging populations in developed countries.
• Exploring the role of e-commerce in shaping modern economies.
• Investigating the effects of subsidies on the agricultural sector.
• Examining the economic impacts of pandemics on global supply chains.
• Analyzing the factors driving currency valuation and devaluation.
• Studying the economic repercussions of political instability in a region.
• Exploring the economic benefits of sustainable energy sources over non-renewable ones.
• Investigating the impact of taxation policies on small businesses.
• Examining the role of startups in driving economic growth.
• Studying the effects of bank regulations on financial stability.
• Exploring the economic challenges and opportunities of globalization.
• Investigating the relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability.
• Examining the impact of social media on consumer behavior and market trends.
• Analyzing the economic rationale behind protectionist trade policies.
• Exploring the link between economic policies and environmental sustainability.

Extended Essay Ideas for Mathematics:

• Exploring the practical applications of Fibonacci sequences in modern architecture.
• The relevance of probability theory in stock market predictions.
• Analyzing the evolution and impact of non-Euclidean geometry.
• The mathematical beauty and patterns behind fractals.
• Chaos theory and its implications in weather forecasting.
• Game theory and its applications in economics and social sciences.
• The history and development of the number zero.
• Exploring the world of prime numbers and their mysteries.
• Using statistics to analyze patterns in nature, such as animal spots or petal arrangements.
• Mathematical principles behind encryption and cybersecurity.
• Topology and its real-world implications, such as in DNA twisting.
• The mathematics of music: understanding scales, rhythms, and harmonics.
• Exploring patterns and sequences in ancient architecture and art.
• Understanding the mathematics behind general relativity.
• Golden ratio and its pervasive presence in art and nature.
• Mathematical modeling of population dynamics and growth.
• An exploration of graph theory in social networks.
• The role of symmetry in mathematics and its applications.
• Using calculus to understand and model the spread of diseases.
• Mathematical principles behind juggling patterns.
• Origami and the mathematical transformations involved.
• The history and significance of Pi in various cultures.
• Applications of trigonometry in real-world scenarios beyond angles and triangles.
• Mathematical patterns in the stock market: Are they truly random?
• Studying the dynamics of voting systems using mathematics.
• An investigation into the four-color theorem.
• Exploring Gödel's incompleteness theorems and its implications for mathematics.
• A study on Benford's law and its surprising occurrence in nature and finance.
• Understanding and visualizing multi-dimensional spaces.
• The Monty Hall problem: A study in probability and decision making.

Extended Essay Ideas for Business Management:

• Analyzing the impact of leadership styles on employee motivation and productivity.
• Exploring the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in enhancing brand image.
• Understanding the implications of digital transformation for traditional brick-and-mortar businesses.
• Assessing the impact of cultural differences on international marketing strategies.
• The role of innovation in the competitive advantage of tech startups.
• Exploring the challenges and benefits of adopting a circular economy in the fashion industry.
• Analyzing the effects of mergers and acquisitions on company performance and shareholder value.
• Understanding the influence of e-commerce on consumer buying behavior.
• Studying the strategic importance of supply chain management in the era of globalization.
• The impact of corporate culture on organizational performance.
• Exploring the effects of advertisement campaigns on consumer perception and brand loyalty.
• Understanding the risks and opportunities of business expansion into emerging markets.
• Assessing the implications of artificial intelligence and automation on human resource management.
• Studying the relationship between customer service quality and customer retention.
• Exploring the role of business ethics in decision-making processes.
• Understanding the challenges of managing a diverse workforce in a multicultural environment.
• Assessing the impact of governmental regulations on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
• The role of branding in differentiating products in saturated markets.
• Studying the influence of social media influencers on consumer purchase decisions.
• Exploring the strategic importance of sustainability initiatives for modern businesses.
• Understanding the dynamics of crisis management and its impact on company reputation.
• Assessing the competitive advantage of businesses adopting green technology.
• Analyzing the role of financial management in ensuring long-term business stability.
• Exploring the implications of remote work on team dynamics and productivity.
• Understanding the strategies adopted by businesses during economic recessions.
• Assessing the impact of business incubators on the success of new startups.
• Studying the dynamics of consumer behavior in luxury markets.
• Exploring the challenges of maintaining product quality in mass production.
• Understanding the importance of inter-departmental communication in large corporations.
• Analyzing the role of data analytics in driving business decisions.

Extended Essay Ideas for Computer Science:

• Exploring the implications of quantum computing for modern encryption methods.
• Examining the role of artificial intelligence in predictive analytics.
• Investigating the ethical concerns of facial recognition technology.
• Studying the evolution of programming languages and their impact on software development.
• The significance of cybersecurity in the era of Internet of Things (IoT).
• Comparing traditional and cloud-based database management systems.
• Analyzing the challenges and prospects of augmented reality in mobile app development.
• Examining the role of machine learning in healthcare diagnostics.
• Exploring the impact of open-source software on the tech industry.
• Investigating the role of neural networks in natural language processing.
• Studying the environmental implications of blockchain technology.
• Exploring the role of automation in job displacement and creation.
• Examining the challenges of data privacy in social media platforms.
• How do edge computing and centralized computing differ in application scenarios?
• Studying the applications of virtual reality in education.
• Exploring the role of heuristic algorithms in optimization problems.
• Investigating the implications of deepfake technology on digital media authenticity.
• Studying the design principles behind user-friendly interfaces.
• How does bioinformatics utilize computational algorithms in genome sequencing?
• Exploring the potential of swarm intelligence in robotics.
• Studying the pros and cons of different web development frameworks.
• Examining the challenges of integrating legacy systems with modern technologies.
• Exploring the growth and impact of e-sports in the gaming industry.
• Investigating the role of big data in shaping business strategies.
• How can computer simulations aid in climate modeling?
• Exploring the role of digital forensics in cybercrime investigations.
• Investigating the potential of progressive web apps in bridging the gap between web and mobile.
• Examining the role of genetic algorithms in optimization problems.
• Studying the significance of version control systems in software development.
• Investigating the challenges and solutions of scaling applications for global users.

Extended Essay Ideas for Psychology:

• Exploring the cognitive processes underlying decision-making biases.
• Examining the impact of social media on adolescent self-esteem.
• Investigating the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance.
• Studying the psychological implications of childhood trauma on adult relationships.
• Assessing the role of nature versus nurture in personality development.
• Exploring the psychological mechanisms behind the placebo effect.
• Analyzing the influence of cultural norms on gender identity development.
• Studying the impact of mindfulness meditation on stress reduction.
• Investigating the effects of music therapy on patients with Alzheimer's disease.
• Examining the role of neurotransmitters in mood disorders.
• Exploring the psychological underpinnings of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
• Assessing the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders.
• Studying the impact of parental attachment styles on child development.
• Exploring the cognitive basis of prejudice and stereotyping.
• Investigating the role of emotional intelligence in leadership effectiveness.
• Examining the psychological effects of long-term unemployment.
• Studying the impact of virtual reality exposure therapy for phobias.
• Exploring the correlation between physical exercise and mental health.
• Investigating the effects of art therapy on patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.
• Examining the role of childhood experiences in the development of eating disorders.
• Studying the influence of peer pressure on adolescent risk-taking behaviors.
• Exploring the psychological effects of chronic pain on mental well-being.
• Assessing the impact of positive reinforcement on classroom behavior.
• Studying the role of resilience in overcoming adverse life events.
• Investigating the effects of video game addiction on cognitive function.
• Examining the correlation between body dysmorphic disorder and social media usage.
• Exploring the effects of group dynamics on individual decision-making.
• Studying the role of subconscious cues in influencing consumer behavior.
• Investigating the correlation between creativity and mental health disorders.
• Examining the psychological coping mechanisms adopted during pandemics.

Extended Essay Ideas for Social and Cultural Anthropology:

• Exploring the role of rituals in preserving cultural identity.
• Examining the impact of globalization on indigenous communities.
• Investigating the cultural implications of arranged marriages in South Asia.
• Studying the evolution of language and its role in shaping societal structures.
• The significance of food and cuisine in expressing cultural identity.
• Comparing matrilineal and patrilineal societies and their societal dynamics.
• Analyzing the cultural perceptions of beauty standards across different societies.
• Examining the role of folklore and mythology in preserving traditions.
• Exploring the impact of colonialism on the cultures of colonized nations.
• How does urbanization influence indigenous cultural practices?
• Investigating the interplay between religion and culture in shaping societies.
• Examining the role of music in traditional ceremonies across cultures.
• Studying the cultural significance of tattoos in Polynesian societies.
• How do cultural practices evolve in diaspora communities?
• Exploring gender roles and dynamics in matriarchal societies.
• Studying the societal impacts of technological advancements in remote communities.
• Examining the role of festivals in fostering community bonds.
• How does education influence cultural perceptions and values?
• Investigating the cultural implications of bilingualism.
• Exploring the anthropological perspective on migration and identity.
• Studying the dynamics of caste systems in traditional societies.
• Examining the role of art and craft in expressing cultural narratives.
• Investigating the societal impact of medical advancements on traditional healing practices.
• Exploring the cultural perceptions of mental health across different societies.
• How do economic systems shape societal hierarchies and dynamics?
• Investigating the influence of popular culture on traditional values.
• Examining the role of family structures in shaping societal norms.
• Exploring the significance of sacred spaces in various cultures.
• Analyzing the cultural perspectives on death and afterlife across civilizations.
• Investigating the impact of political regimes on cultural expressions and freedoms.

Extended Essay Ideas for Environmental Systems and Societies:

• Evaluating the effectiveness of conservation efforts in the Amazon rainforest.
• The impact of microplastics on marine ecosystems and potential mitigation strategies.
• Exploring sustainable agriculture practices in arid regions and their socio-economic implications.
• Analyzing the success of urban green spaces in combating the urban heat island effect.
• Assessing the environmental and societal impact of fast fashion.
• Exploring the correlation between industrial development and air quality in emerging economies.
• Effectiveness of community-based wildlife conservation efforts in Africa.
• Water scarcity: The socio-economic implications and potential solutions.
• Assessing the environmental consequences of electronic waste and potential recycling strategies.
• The global decline of bee populations: Causes, implications, and solutions.
• Impact of ecotourism on biodiversity conservation and local communities.
• Understanding the socio-economic implications of rising sea levels for coastal communities.
• Exploring the challenges and potential of urban farming in densely populated cities.
• Assessing the effects of deforestation on indigenous communities and local biodiversity.
• The role of renewable energy solutions in reducing global carbon emissions.
• Investigating the environmental and societal implications of the meat industry.
• Exploring the relationship between traditional agricultural practices and biodiversity.
• Impact of overfishing on marine ecosystems and its socio-economic implications.
• Examining the consequences of chemical agriculture on soil health and local communities.
• Exploring the role of green technology in promoting sustainable urban living.
• Assessing the environmental impact of the bottled water industry.
• Investigating the role of environmental education in shaping sustainable communities.
• Understanding the implications of melting polar ice caps on global climate patterns.
• Examining the socio-economic effects of natural disasters exacerbated by climate change.
• Challenges and opportunities in waste management for rapidly urbanizing areas.
• Assessing the effectiveness of international environmental agreements and treaties.
• Exploring the environmental and cultural implications of palm oil cultivation.
• Impact of urbanization on freshwater resources and potential conservation strategies.
• Investigating the correlation between population growth and environmental degradation.
• Exploring the role of women in promoting environmental sustainability in developing nations.

Extended Essay Ideas for World Studies:

• The global impact of COVID-19 and how different cultures responded to the pandemic.
• Exploring the socio-economic effects of climate change in vulnerable regions.
• The implications of digital surveillance: Balancing national security and individual privacy on a global scale.
• The role of international trade agreements in shaping developing economies.
• A comparative study of healthcare systems across the world and their effectiveness.
• Assessing global gender inequality: Exploring measures to empower women in developing countries.
• The effects of globalization on indigenous cultures.
• International responses to the refugee crisis: A comparative study.
• Impact of social media on political movements and revolutions globally.
• Exploring the worldwide shift towards renewable energy sources and its implications for geopolitics.
• The legacy of colonialism: Evaluating its long-term effects on post-colonial societies.
• A study of global food security and the challenges of sustainable agriculture.
• Understanding the global implications of cyber warfare and its impact on international relations.
• Examining the international response to the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
• Implications of artificial intelligence and automation on the global job market.
• Child labor in the global supply chain: Causes, consequences, and solutions.
• An investigation into worldwide trends in mental health and the challenges of addressing them.
• The global impact of single-use plastics and initiatives to combat their proliferation.
• Exploring the cultural and economic impact of global tourism.
• International efforts to combat human trafficking and their effectiveness.
• A comparative study of global responses to natural disasters and their aftermath.
• Impact of the global financial system on income inequality.
• Evaluating worldwide initiatives to promote education for all, especially in conflict zones.
• Understanding global water scarcity and its implications for future conflicts.
• Assessing the role of international organizations, such as the UN, in global peacekeeping.
• The worldwide shift in urbanization trends and its implications for sustainable living.
• A study of global wildlife conservation efforts and challenges.
• Impact of international cultural exchanges on shaping global perceptions and relations.
• Exploring the worldwide decline of bee populations and its implications for global food chains.
• The global movement for LGBTQ+ rights and its reception in various cultures and societies.

Extended Essay Ideas for Visual Arts:

• Exploring the influence of the Renaissance on modern-day art.
• Examining the impact of technology on contemporary art practices.
• Investigating the representation of women in Classical vs. Contemporary art.
• Studying the significance of colors in different cultures' art traditions.
• The evolution of street art and its influence on urban culture.
• Comparing Impressionism and Post-Impressionism: Their influences and legacies.
• Analyzing the role of propaganda in war art.
• Examining the portrayal of nature in Romantic vs. Abstract art.
• Exploring the relationship between music and visual art.
• How political changes influenced art movements: A case study of the Soviet Union.
• Investigating the commercialization of contemporary art.
• Examining the impact of cultural exchange on art forms during the Silk Road era.
• Studying the rise and influence of art collectives in the digital age.
• How did colonialism influence the art of colonized regions?
• The use of symbolism in religious art across different cultures.
• Exploring the role of art in social activism and change.
• Investigating the artistic representation of LGBTQ+ rights over the decades.
• Comparing traditional and digital techniques in illustration.
• How does architecture influence visual arts and vice versa?
• Exploring the world of animated arts: From sketches to screens.
• Examining the artistic dimensions of indigenous people's art.
• Studying the influence of fashion on visual arts.
• Exploring the role of censorship in art: A case study of China.
• Examining the intersection of visual arts with virtual reality and augmented reality.
• Studying the significance of art festivals in promoting global art cultures.
• Exploring the journey of abstract expressionism in the 20th century.
• Investigating the impact of global crises (like pandemics) on artistic expressions.
• How does art therapy assist in mental well-being?
• Analyzing the growth and challenges of digital art galleries.
• Exploring the evolution of sculpture in the modern era.

How to Write a Great IB Extended Essay

Writing an extended essay requires meticulous planning and a structured approach. Here are some key steps to enhance the quality of your essay:

• Start Early: Given the complexity and depth required, it's prudent to begin your research and planning months ahead of the submission deadline. This allows ample time for thorough research, drafting, and revisions.
• Create a Detailed Outline: Before diving into the writing process, draft a detailed outline. This will serve as a roadmap, ensuring a logical flow of ideas and comprehensive coverage of all facets of your topic.
• Use Varied and Credible Sources: Diversify your research by including books, academic journals, interviews, and reputable online sources. Always assess the credibility of your sources to ensure accurate and unbiased information.
• Stay Objective and Analytical: While it's tempting to infuse personal opinions, the Extended Essay demands an objective stance. Your assertions should be backed by concrete evidence, and opposing viewpoints should be fairly represented and analyzed.
• Seek Feedback: Periodically, share your drafts with peers, teachers, or IB tutors . External perspectives can offer invaluable insights, pointing out gaps or areas for improvement.

Finding Reliable Sources for Your Extended Essay

Quality research hinges on credible sources. Here's how to distinguish between reliable and dubious sources:

• Evaluate the Author's Credentials: Check the author's qualifications and affiliations. Experts in the field are more likely to produce accurate and unbiased content.
• Check Publication Date: Especially for subjects that evolve rapidly, like sciences or current events, recent publications ensure the most up-to-date information.
• Assess Objectivity: Be wary of sources with evident biases. Objective, balanced presentations of facts are ideal.
• Peer-reviewed Journals: Articles in peer-reviewed journals undergo rigorous scrutiny, ensuring high standards of academic integrity.
• References and Citations: Reliable sources typically cite their information, allowing readers to trace the origin of facts and data.

Strategies for Conducting Primary and Secondary Research

Both primary and secondary research methods are pivotal in crafting a comprehensive Extended Essay. Here’s how to go about them:

• Surveys and Questionnaires: If your topic involves gathering opinions or understanding behaviours, designing a comprehensive survey can be invaluable. Ensure your questions are unbiased and clearly worded.
• Interviews: Direct conversations with experts in the field can offer profound insights. Prepare your questions in advance and be respectful of the interviewee’s time.
• Experiments: For scientific subjects, conducting experiments can provide firsthand data. Ensure your methodology is sound, and always consider safety precautions.
• Observations: In topics related to human behaviour or environmental changes, direct observations can be a treasure trove of information. Be as objective as possible and record your findings meticulously.
• Academic Journals: These are a gold standard in research. Platforms like JSTOR or Google Scholar can provide a plethora of peer-reviewed articles relevant to almost any topic.
• Books: Especially for historical or literary subjects, books offer in-depth insights. Don't restrict yourself to modern publications; sometimes, older texts can provide a rich context.
• Reputable Websites: Websites affiliated with universities, research institutions, or recognized bodies in the field can be reliable. Always verify the information with other sources.
• Documentaries and Archived Material: For topics rooted in history, culture, or specific events, these can be invaluable.

Formatting and Structure Guidelines for the IB Extended Essay

Adhering to a structured format is crucial for the Extended Essay. Here are the primary components and guidelines:

• Title Page: This should include the essay title, your name, school, and other relevant details.
• Abstract: A concise summary (around 300 words) presenting your research question, methods, and key findings.
• Table of Contents: List all sections and subsections along with page numbers.
• Introduction: Introduce your topic, provide context, and clearly state your research question.
• Body: This is the heart of your essay. Organize it with clear subheadings and ensure a logical flow of ideas.
• Conclusion: Summarize your findings, restate the importance of your research, and mention potential areas for further study.
• References: List all sources cited in your essay. Adhere to a recognized citation style (MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.).
• Appendices: If necessary, include any additional information, charts, or data sets that support your research but didn't fit smoothly into the essay's body.

The IB Extended Essay Assessment Criteria and Grading

The International Baccalaureate (IB) Extended Essay is not just about writing a long research paper; it's about meeting specific assessment criteria to achieve the best grade possible. To excel, understanding these criteria is paramount. Let’s delve deeper into how the IB evaluates and grades the Extended Essay:

1. Focus and Method (6 marks): This criterion assesses the topic's significance, how well the research question is formulated, and the methodology used. Clearly defining your topic and choosing an appropriate and effective method is crucial. For instance, an essay analyzing a literary theme would differ methodologically from one exploring a scientific hypothesis.

2. Knowledge and Understanding (6 marks): Demonstrating a comprehensive grasp of your chosen topic is vital. This involves showing that you understand the context, implications, and why your topic is significant. Remember, superficial knowledge won't cut it; depth is essential. Rely on primary sources and respected secondary sources to bolster your understanding.

3. Critical Thinking (12 marks): The highest marks are allocated here. You're evaluated on how well you analyze the information, the arguments you build, and the solutions or conclusions you derive. A well-thought-out essay isn't just descriptive; it evaluates, critiques, and synthesizes information.

4. Presentation (4 marks): While it might seem minor, presentation is crucial. This criterion involves the overall structure of the essay, the clarity of your writing, and adherence to recognized academic standards, including referencing.

5. Engagement (6 marks): This is about your journey. The IB wants to see that you've engaged deeply with your topic, overcome challenges, and reflected on the research process. Often, the reflections you submit alongside your essay play a role in this assessment.

Together, these criteria amount to a total of 34 marks. Essays are then graded on a scale from A (excellent) to E (elementary). An 'E' in the Extended Essay is a failing condition for the award of the IB Diploma. Ensure you understand each criterion and address it adequately. More details on the assessment criteria can be found here .

How Beyond Tutors can help you prepare for IB Extended Essay

The Extended Essay is a challenging component of the IB, but with the right guidance, it becomes manageable and rewarding. This is where Beyond Tutors comes in. Here's how we can assist:

1. Expert Guidance: Our IBDP tutors have a wealth of experience in guiding students through the Extended Essay process. They're well-versed in the expectations of the IB and can provide insights tailored to your topic.

2. Research Assistance: With a vast array of resources and tools at our disposal, Beyond Tutors can help students find reliable and relevant sources, ensuring a strong foundation for the essay.

3. Feedback and Review: Once you draft your essay, our IB Tutors can offer constructive feedback, ensuring your essay is coherent, compelling, and meets the IB's rigorous standards.

4. Practice and Preparation: Beyond Tutors also provides resources like sample essays and exercises to help students practice and refine their skills, paving the way for an excellent Extended Essay.

5. Continuous Support: The Extended Essay process can be daunting, but you're not alone. From topic selection to final submission, Beyond Tutors offers continuous support, ensuring students remain motivated and on track.

With personalized international baccalaureate tutoring , students have a partner in their Extended Essay journey, significantly boosting their chances of success.

The International Baccalaureate (IB) Extended Essay is undoubtedly a challenging yet rewarding venture. By understanding its requirements and approaching it systematically, students can create a piece of work they're genuinely proud of. It's an opportunity to delve deep into a topic of interest, hone research skills, and demonstrate the depth of one's knowledge and understanding. With the right resources, guidance, and perseverance, the Extended Essay can become a highlight of the IB Diploma Programme experience. And with expert assistance from institutions like Beyond Tutors, students are well-equipped to navigate this academic journey with confidence and excellence.

• IBO: Extended Essay Overview
• IBO: What is the Extended Essay?
• IBO: Extended Essay Submission Deadline
• IBO: Example Essays
• IBO: Extended Essay Useful Resources
• IBO: World Studies Extended Essay

As you embark on your Extended Essay journey, remember that it's more than just an assignment; it's an opportunity. The skills you acquire, the knowledge you gain, and the challenges you overcome will shape you as a learner and a thinker. Embrace the process, seek guidance when needed, and take pride in the remarkable academic achievement your Extended Essay represents. All the best!

World Studies Extended Essay

World studies was first proposed by the United World College of Mahindra in 2001 and was eventually set up as an extended essay pilot option in 2005. The development of the world studies extended essay pilot has been underpinned by extensive academic research and development. IB staff have worked closely with both teachers in the pilot schools and Harvard Graduate School of Education, Project Zero Interdisciplinary Studies Project, to develop this exciting extended essay option.

A world studies extended essay must focus on a topic of global significance. This encourages the student to reflect on the world today in relation to issues such as the global food crisis, climate change, terrorism, energy security, migration, global health, technology and cultural exchange.

The student should then explore how their chosen issue may be illustrated in a local context or contexts using specific examples of a small scale, local phenomenon; in this way the student is linking the local to the global.

As the approach is interdisciplinary explaining the topic through the lens of more than one discipline, students should develop a clear rationale for taking an interdisciplinary approach, selecting the IB disciplines through which they plan to explore the topic. The process of researching and writing the world studies extended essay develops international-mindedness and specifically the concept of global consciousness. This concept encompasses three distinct strands:

• global sensitivity - a sensitivity to local phenomena and experiences as expressions of developments on the planet
• global understanding - the capacity to think in flexible and informed ways about issues of global significance
• global self - a developing perception of self as a global actor and member of humanity, capable of making a positive contribution to the world.

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