essay on advantages and disadvantages of globalization

Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization Essay

When discussing the drawbacks and benefits of globalization, essays tend to be on the longer side. The example below is a brief exploration of this complex subject. Learn more in this concise globalization pros and cons essay.

Introduction

• Benefits and Disadvantages of Globalization

Reducing Negative Effects

In today’s world, globalization is a process that affects all aspects of people’s lives. It also has a crucial impact on businesses and governments as it provides opportunities for development while causing significant challenges. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of globalization using evidence from academic sources. The report also suggests how governments and companies may implement to reduce the negative impact of the process.

Benefits and Drawbacks of Globalization

Globalization is a complex concept that can be defined by the process of interaction between organizations, businesses, and people on an international scale, which is driven by international trade. Some people may associate it with uniformity, while others can perceive it as the cause of diversification. The reason for such a difference in public opinion is that globalization has both advantages and disadvantages that should be analyzed.

The most significant positive aspects of globalization include global economic growth, the elimination of barriers between nations, and the establishment of competition between countries, which can potentially lead to a decrease in prices. Globalization supports free trade, creates jobs, and helps societies to become more tolerant towards each other. In addition, this process may increase the speed of financial and commercial operations, as well as reduce the isolation of poor populations (Burlacu, Gutu, & Matei, 2018; Amavilah, Asongu, & Andrés, 2017).

The disadvantages of globalization are that it causes the transfer of jobs from developed to lower-cost countries, a decrease in the national intellectual potential, the exploitation of labor, and a security deficit. Moreover, globalization leads to ecological deficiency (Ramsfield, Bentz, Faccoli, Jactel, & Brockerhoff, 2016). In addition, this process may result in multinational corporations influencing political decisions and offering unfair working conditions to their employees.

Firms and governments can work on eliminating the negative effects of globalization in the following ways. For example, countries should work on microeconomic policies, such as enhancing opportunities for education and career training and establishing less rigid labor markets. In addition, governments can build the necessary institutional infrastructure to initiate economic growth. To solve the problem of poor working conditions, it is vital to establish strict policies regarding minimum wages and the working environment for employees. A decrease in the national intellectual potential may be addressed by offering a broad range of career opportunities with competitive salaries, as well as educating future professionals on how their skills can solve problems on the local level.

Companies, in their turn, may invest in technologies that may lead to more flexible energy infrastructure, lower production costs, and decrease carbon emissions. They can also establish strong corporate cultures to support their workers and provide them with an opportunity to share their ideas and concerns. Such an approach may eliminate employees’ migration to foreign organizations and increase their loyalty to local organizations. It is vital for companies to develop policies aimed at reducing a negative impact on the environment as well by using less destructive manufacturing alternatives and educating their employees on ecology-related issues.

Globalization has a significant impact on companies, governments, and the population. It can be considered beneficial because it helps to eliminate barriers between nations, causes competition between countries, and initiates economic growth. At the same time, globalization may result in a decrease in the national intellectual potential, the exploitation of labor, and ecology deficiency. To address these problems, organizations and governments can develop policies to enhance the population’s education, improve working conditions, and reduce carbon emissions.

Amavilah, V., Asongu, S. A., & Andrés, A. R. (2017). Effects of globalization on peace and stability: Implications for governance and the knowledge economy of African countries. Technological Forecasting and Social Change , 122 (C), 91-103.

Burlacu, S., Gutu, C., & Matei, F. O. (2018). Globalization – Pros and cons. Calitatea , 19 (S1), 122-125.

Ramsfield, T. D., Bentz, B. J., Faccoli, M., Jactel, H., & Brockerhoff, E. G. (2016). Forest health in a changing world: Effects of globalization and climate change on forest insect and pathogen impacts. Forestry , 89 (3), 245-252.

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IvyPanda. (2023, October 29). Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization Essay. https://ivypanda.com/essays/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-globalization/

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IELTS Essay, topic: The advantages and disadvantages of globalization

• IELTS Essays - Band 8

Even though globalization affects the world’s economies in a very positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten. Discuss.

Globalization is such a commonly used term in the century. It simply means that the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through the advances of technology, transportation and communication. It is undeniable that globalization has resulted in both positive and negative effects which must be addressed accordingly.

Secondly, several companies from the more developed countries have already ventured to establish foreign operations or branches to take advantage of the low cost of labor in the poorer countries. This kind of business activity will provide more influx of cash or investment funds into the less developed countries.

However, one cannot deny the negative effects which derived from globalization. One crucial social aspect is the risk and danger of epidemic diseases which can easily be spread as the transportation becomes easier and faster in today’s advanced society. This is evidenced in the recent birds flu disease which has infected most Asian countries over a short period of time.

As large corporations invest or take over many offshore businesses, a modern form of colonization will also evolve which may pose certain power pressure on the local governments of the less developed countries. Unemployment rates in the more developed regions such as Europe may also escalate as corporations choose to outsource to the cheaper work force from Asian countries.

In conclusion. to reiterate that globalization is inevitable and we must urge individuals, companies and governments to use a more balanced approach by taking the appropriate steps to deal with matters relating to the financial or economical gains verses the social, political or ecological concerns of the world.

This essay is too long, 318 words instead of 250-265. Otherwise (except for some minor grammatical errors) it is a very nice work. It covers the task, has the right structure, the paragraphs are coherent and are logically connected by elegantly used linking words, the structure of sentences is fine and so is your vocabulary. Seems worthy of Band 7.5 or 8.

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IELTS essay about the advantages and disadvantages of globalisation

by Manjusha Nambiar · April 29, 2016

Essay topic

Some people believe that international trade and communication with other countries is a positive trend, while others think it is harmful to nations and they might lose their identities. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give your own opinion and relevant examples.

Sample essay

Generally speaking, international trade has benefited both developing and developed nations. It has created employment and helped reduce poverty levels in the developing world. It has also made some poor nations poorer. In my opinion, international trade and communications have both positive and negative aspects.

When countries engage in trade with other nations, they are creating more opportunities for their people. They can import their products and services to other nations and earn money. This will help their economy. India, for example, has seen substantial growth in its GDP after its economy opened up in the 1990s. Globalisation enabled Indian companies to compete with international companies. This improved wages and living standards in the country. Today, India is the fastest developing economy in the world. This wouldn’t have become possible without globalization.

On the flip side, globalization has its share of downsides too. It has resulted in the demise of several local companies that could not compete with multinational giants. In order to benefit from globalization a nation needs excellent manpower and natural resources. If it lacks in these areas, it will merely become a market where multinational corporates dump their products. As one can see, this does not help poor nations that lack skilled manpower in anyway.

Globalization benefits a nation only when it manages to export something to other nations. If its companies fail to compete with international companies, international trade will weaken local economies.

To conclude, international trade and communications have both positive and negative aspects. It tends to benefit countries that have excellent natural and human resources. Poor nations that lack these resources are unlikely to benefit from opening up their economies.

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An economist explains the pros and cons of globalization

Piling up: Global trade has increased, but has it been a positive or negative force? Image:  REUTERS/Tyrone Siu

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Every industrial revolution has driven a wave of globalization. The first wave was driven by innovations such as the steam engine and the industrial weaving machine; the second by the assembly line, the car and the plane; and the third by the digital revolution.

As we enter the fourth wave of globalization, driven by the digital revolution, there is renewed debate over whether it is a beneficial force: powering economic growth, and allowing the spread of ideas to improve people’s lives; or whether it erodes communities, and widens the gap between the elites and the rest of the world.

Globalization results in increased trade and lower prices. It heightens competition within domestic product, capital, and labour markets, as well as among countries adopting different trade and investment strategies.

But how do these impacts net out? What are the positive and negative effects of globalization? The below is an edited transcript of a conversation with Gita Gopinath, Chief Economist of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Overall, what are the advantages of globalization?

The advantages of globalization are actually much like the advantages of technological improvement. They have very similar effects: they raise output in countries, raise productivity, create more jobs, raise wages, and lower prices of products in the world economy.

What might be the advantages of globalization that someone would feel in their day-to-day life?

I think something that's not sufficiently appreciated about, for instance, international trade is that it reduces the prices of goods that they consume. So if you look at day-to-day things that you purchase, in terms of washing machines, or cars, or even clothing, because of international trade we've had a decline in prices of these goods, so they have become far more affordable for a lot of people in the world.

How have the benefits played out in advanced economies versus poorer ones over the last three decades?

Both advanced economies and developing economies have benefited overall in terms of having higher productivity, more job creation, and higher wages. As we've always known, and this is true again with technology, there are always some winners and losers. So there are communities and there are workers who lose out when there is more trade integration. That is what we're seeing right now in terms of discontent with international trade.

Who have been the biggest losers?

The biggest losers from international trade are always those whose skills have a cheaper competitor in a different market. So, in the case of the US, it's been those who work in the manufacturing sector because jobs in the manufacturing sector have been outsourced to countries where labour is far cheaper.

On the other hand, in developing countries, more capital-intensive goods get imported more cheaply from the outside. So if you're a manufacturer of a capital-intensive good in a developing country you tend to lose because of that competition.

This is how it is with international trade: production goes to wherever it is most efficient to produce. So, when people in any country are exposed to this kind of competition, some win and some lose.

Is it possible as an economist to come up with a verdict? Has this wave of globalized trade been a net positive or a net negative?

If you say, I'm going to look at it from a measure of overall effect on a country's income, on its purchasing power, on the prices that its people pay, overall I think the evidence that we have all points to it being a net positive.

Now, if you frame the question as, has international trade been good for the manufacturing worker in the US? Then the answer to that would be “not fully”; it's been very costly in terms of jobs and wages for them.

How optimistic are you that this next wave of globalization offers a better future?

I would make a couple of points. First, the previous waves of globalization have been quite successful in lifting a large number of people out of poverty and so we should appreciate that.

The second thing is that any form of globalization will generate winners and losers. So even if you have the perfect, most optimal international trade agreements, there will always be those who lose out because of competition, in the exact same way that people lose out whenever there's a new technology being developed.

And so if we want to make sure that the next wave of globalization is even more successful, it has to be complemented with good, sound domestic policies that help those who are getting left out.

How optimistic are you that the trade war between the US and China will be swiftly resolved?

It's absolutely essential that it be resolved, and it gets resolved in a way that's long lasting. The world economy has lived with the uncertainty about trade tensions for a while now and if there is any solution and there is a sense that the solution is only transitory and something can again get triggered in the future, I think that's very costly.

I'd say I'm mildly optimistic because I think leaders in the world are recognizing that these trade tensions are having a negative effect on their economies and so it would make sense to sit down and resolve it.

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19 Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization

Globalization refers to several different concepts all rolled into one package. It may refer to the ease in which businesses conduct operations in different countries other than their own. Some look at this subject as a way to create a world without national borders. There are concepts of communication, information access, and technology development to consider when looking at this subject matter too.

Even though the geographic size of our planet remains consistent, how we interact with each other is changing by the minute. Despite more than 200 countries independently working for their best interests, we all come together in ways to make the world a better place. If you have access to a computer or mobile device with data or an ISP, then you can communicate with anyone else in the world with the same setup.

We are closer than ever before. That closeness also means that groups of people are further apart than ever before. Neighborhoods form around common interests or political perspectives more than our common humanity. Travel restrictions dictate where some people can go, and others cannot.

As the advantages and disadvantages of globalization show, even though progress occurs, we are also taking steps backward.

List of the Advantages of Globalization

1. Globalization allows us to pool all our resources together. One of the best examples of globalization within our lifetime is the construction of the International Space Station. The cost to construct the ISS was $150 billion. Compared to the Mir station at $4.2 billion, the price tag is astronomical. When the first component for the ISS was launched in 1998, five different programs came together to join in ownership, cost, and operations. The United States, Russia, Canada, Europe, and Japan are all involved in the financing and continued operations of the program.

When nations work together to fund common goals, then more money becomes useful for needs other than national defense. Imagine what we could do if the $1 trillion spent annually on warfare and defense could be used for the global greater good?

2. Globalization would also reduce labor exploitation issues. When borders become less restrictive around the world, people tend to move to locations where their best opportunities exist. Under the current structure of our planet, impoverished nations with a lower standard of living offer wages that the developed world would find abysmal. Someone in Bangladesh making clothes for 10 hours per day earns less in a month than some workers in the U.S. earn before lunch.

By focusing on globalization, we could reduce child labor issues. Human trafficking concerns would be limited because of more border freedom. People could live, work, or go where they please with fewer restrictions, making it easier to chase their dreams.

3. Globalization reduces the prospects of tyranny. As the world moved slowly toward globalization in the 20th century, the nations realized that having a concentrated power with one administration reduced the likelihood of tyranny in pockets around the globe. Although there have still be issues with government oppression, including the chemical attacks on populace centers in Syria, the number of incidents is slowly declining.

When we’re able to move toward a global-centric society instead of a nation-centric one, these issues will continue to decline over time.

4. Globalization improves communication access. The Trump Administration announced new travel restrictions in September 2017 to focus on 8 countries: North Korea, Chad, Libya, Iran, Syria, Somalia, Yemen, and Venezuela. “Making America Safe is my number one priority,” President Trump tweeted when announcing this decision. “We will not admit those into our country we cannot safely vet.”

Under a globalization perspective, people would have their risks associated by a central perspective instead. It would be like the United Nations vetting immigrants instead of the individual country. By reducing border restrictions, we improve communication access because we’re no longer restricting the movements and actions of people on a per-nation basis.

5. Globalization would remove tax havens for wealthy individuals and businesses. Tax havens are defined as either a country or independent area where taxation levies are at low rates. They offer foreign businesses and individuals an opportunity to keep their profits in local institutions with little or no liability. These havens share little, if any, information about these finances with other tax authorities.

Globalization reduces this issue because it eliminates the administrative structures in place which allow the wealthy to hide their funds from being taxed. That would mean these businesses and people would be treated as an average citizen is today. Greater transparency here would lead to better funding of social programs, which could reduce poverty and food insecurity over time.

6. Globalization would help the developing world progress faster. Most of the world today is not developed. Outside of about 40 countries which have gone through their own version of the Industrial Revolution, the rest of the population still struggles as a primarily agricultural society. By reducing border restrictions, creating common payment formats, and opening product access by reducing export barriers, more people could improve their way of life. Higher incomes often lead to lower maternal and infant mortality rates too, which means we’d be saving lives with this effort.

7. Globalization would reduce currency manipulation problems. There are three primary currencies traded in the world today: the Dollar, the Euro, and the Pound Sterling. When a nation offers access to a weaker currency, those with stronger currencies buy and sell more often with them. It offers better value than spending at home. Globalization would reduce the efforts made to build weakness or strength into these currencies to influence local markets. We’d be working toward a society where economic growth occurs on a global scale instead of in only local economies.

8. Globalization encourages free trade. Borders create restrictions to the free flow of goods and services. One example of this issue is a duty and taxes paid on imported goods originating in the U.S. when purchased in Canada. These taxes apply on luxury items and other items of high value. The HST in Canada may be collected at a rate of 13%. Canadians use shipping service receptacles at locations like Point Roberts, WA to get around this tax simply because the laws haven’t globalized like our access to goods.

There are currently over 1,500 different restrictions in place with the global import/export market right now.

9. Globalization could create more employment opportunities. With fewer barriers to the import/export market, the cost of producing goods or offering services would decline without affecting the profit margins of companies. Consumers would benefit from the lower prices, consume more, and create additional job opportunities around the world. By creating an environment where free trade encouragement readily exists, more innovation, creativity, and engagement would occur at every level of society.

List of the Disadvantages of Globalization

1. Globalization may encourage more offshoring instead of less. With fewer restrictions in place at the national level, some businesses may use offshoring to their advantage. Even if they kept jobs local, the threat of sending jobs to a different, cheaper region overseas could be used to justify lower wages at home. The end result of an effort to remove borders would be an increase in wages in the developing world, but a decrease in developed countries. Many households could see their standard of living go down if consumable price decreases don’t occur simultaneously.

2. Globalization benefits the wealthy more than the poor. Value-added taxes above 25% exist in some nations. Tariffs above 70% exist for some products. Unless borders are completely removed, the advantages of globalization are challenging to achieve. The people who have the power to dictate policy would reap the most significant rewards. Those with money to invest would see their bank accounts continue to rise. At the same time, households living paycheck-to-paycheck would struggle to access what they require, suppressing their ability to pursue a better job.

3. Globalization would encourage disease transfer. The outcome of the Columbian Exchange was profound at the time. Over 90% of some population centers died because of their exposure to smallpox, chickenpox, and other diseases that the Europeans were somewhat immune to at the time. The Europeans brought back syphilis and other diseases as well. If global travel restricts eased, then issues with malaria and tropical disease could spread to portions of the world where exposures are minimal. Tuberculosis, certain influenza strains, and other communicable disease could produce outbreaks at epidemic levels.

4. Globalization could reduce social safety net programs. Most nations today offer those in extreme poverty access to safety net programs for basic supplies. Even in the United States, programs like WIC and SNAP offer food and care access to those who cannot afford it on their own for whatever reason. When we reduce or eliminate borders, there would be a likely shift in social programs to benefit those earning less than $2 per day while ignoring the needs of those at home. Households living in poverty in the U.S. or United Kingdom fit into a different definition when compared to global poverty.

5. Globalization would create a new system of politics. We’ve already received a sneak peek of what a global society would be like from a political perspective. The individuals and organizations who spend the most to lobby politicians would receive the best chance of having their needs met first. We’ve seen billions spent in U.S. elections lately to influence legislation and policy to become favorable toward specific outcomes. This issue would translate to a global economy, where only the richest and most influential would influence laws which would impact everyone.

6. Globalization would not prevent resource consumption. The goal of globalization is to equalize patterns of consumption for populations around the world. Even though there would be movement toward doing so, there is no getting around the fact that the wealthiest nations will still consume the most resources. The 20 richest countries in the world today consume almost 90% of the planet’s resources each year. The United States constitutes 5% of the global population right now, but it consumes 24% of the world’s energy as a country.

When you look at the per capita consumption rates of energy globally, one American consumes as much energy as 31 people in India. If you go to a developing nation, it takes 370 Ethiopians to use the same amount of energy that a single U.S. citizen uses to meet their needs.

7. Globalization would make it easier for people to cheat. The statistics of consumption (especially food) show us already that those who are in power take the majority of resources away from the general population. Americans eat almost 200 billion more calories per day as a nation than they require, which means 80 million people are hungry needlessly because of these consumption habits. About 200,000 tons of edible food is disposed of daily in the United States. By the age of 75, the average person in the U.S. creates 52 tons of garbage.

Globalization would likely centralize distribution of necessary resources. With only a few controlling access to the many, the chance to negatively impact populations on a large scale become greater when borders are reduced.

8. Globalization doesn’t fix a lack of skills. The future of employment involves programming, robotics, and artificial intelligence. Workers who adapt to automation with their skillset are the most likely to find employment in the coming generations. Jobs which require repetitive functions will be the first to go away, which are the employment opportunities often found in the developing world. With no meaningful skills to a globalized economy, there could be a higher unemployment rate if border restrictions reduce because only those in the developed world would be trained for the new economy.

Unless new vocational development opportunities implement with the globalization structures, the boundaries between the developed and developing world will likely continue to exist.

9. Globalization changes how humans would identify themselves. Humans are global citizens in some ways already. We all share the same planet, after all, so we are united with that common ground. If we lose borders, however, we also lose a piece of our culture, ethnicity, or family heritage. People identify themselves based on their history, so being Irish in a global world would have less impact than it does today. We already seen how this works when Texas came into the U.S. after being an independent nation. Some Texans label themselves as such first, but many see themselves as an American before being a Texan.

10. Globalization would negatively impact the environment. We’ve already seen what free trade does to the environment. Greenhouse gas emissions rose in 2018 despite efforts to curtail them. Micro-plastics invaded our oceans, creating negative impacts on marine life. The waters of our planet are slowly acidifying, creating economic and health impacts every day. Over 200,000 Americans die each year because of pollution exposure. If caps are taken off of what is not permitted through globalization, then this issue will continue growing worse.

The advantages and disadvantages of globalization show us that a world free to move and communicate offers numerous opportunities to pursue. It also shows us a planet where fewer opportunities may exist for workers and families who are employed in low-skill positions. We have many challenges to face in the coming years as the world continues to become a smaller place. That’s why we must continually look at these issues to ensure everyone has a fair chance to find success.

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6 Pros and Cons of Globalization in Business to Consider

• 01 Apr 2021

Throughout history, commerce and business have been limited by certain geographic constraints. In its earliest days, trade happened between neighboring tribes and city-states. As humans domesticated the horse and other animals, the distances they could travel to trade increased. These distances increased further with the development of seafaring capabilities.

Although humans have been using ships for centuries to transport goods, cargo, people, and ideas around the world, it wasn’t until the development of the airplane that the blueprint of a “globalized economy” was laid. This was for a simple reason: You can travel greater distances faster than ever before.

The development of the internet accelerated this process even more, making it easier to communicate and collaborate with others. Today, your international co-worker, business partner, customer, or friend is only a few taps or clicks away.

Globalization has had numerous effects—both positive and negative—on business and society at large. Here’s an overview of the pros and cons of globalization in business.

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What Is Globalization?

Globalization is the increased flow of goods, services, capital, people, and ideas across international boundaries according to the online course Global Business , taught by Harvard Business School Professor Forest Reinhardt.

“We live in an age of globalization,” Reinhardt says in Global Business . “That is, national economies are even more tightly connected with one another than ever before.”

How Globalization Affects Daily Life

Globalization has had a significant impact on various aspects of daily life.

For example, it’s changed the way consumers shop for products and services. Today, 70 percent of Americans shop online. In 2022, there were 268 million digital buyers in the US and by 2025, this number is predicted to reach 285 million.

In addition, the globalized economy has opened up new job markets by making it more feasible to hire overseas workers. This has created a wide range of career opportunities for both job seekers and employers.

The emergence of remote work post-pandemic was also made possible by globalization. According to a survey from WFH Research , only seven percent of paid workdays in the US were remote in 2019. However, this number climbed to 29 percent by January 2024.

Check out the video below to learn more about globalization, and subscribe to our YouTube channel for more explainer content!

Advantages of Globalization

1. economic growth.

It’s widely believed that one of the benefits of globalization is greater economic growth for all parties. There are several reasons why this might be the case, including:

• Access to labor: Globalization gives all nations access to a wider labor pool. Developing nations with a shortage of knowledge workers might, for example, “import” labor to kickstart industry. Wealthier nations, on the other hand, might outsource low-skill work to developing nations with a lower cost of living to reduce the cost of goods sold and pass those savings on to the customer.
• Access to jobs: This point is directly related to labor. Through globalization, developing nations often gain access to jobs in the form of work that’s been outsourced by wealthier nations. While there are potential pitfalls to this (see “Disproportionate Growth” below), this work can significantly contribute to the local economy.
• Access to resources: One of the primary reasons nations trade is to gain access to resources they otherwise wouldn’t have. Without this flow of resources across borders, many modern luxuries would be impossible to manufacture or produce. Smartphones, for example, are dependent on rare earth metals found in limited areas around the world.
• The ability for nations to “specialize”: Global and regional cooperation allow nations to heavily lean into their economic strengths, knowing they can trade products for other resources. An example is a tropical nation that specializes in exporting a certain fruit. It’s been shown that when nations specialize in the production of goods or services in which they have an advantage, trade benefits both parties.

2. Increased Global Cooperation

For a globalized economy to exist, nations must be willing to put their differences aside and work together. Therefore, increased globalization has been linked to a reduction—though not an elimination—of conflict.

“Of course, as long as there have been nations, they've been connected with each other through the exchange of lethal force—through war and conquest—and this threat has never gone away,” Reinhardt says in Global Business . “The conventional wisdom has been that the increased intensity of these other flows—goods, services, capital, people, and so on—have reduced the probability that the world's nations will fall back into the catastrophe of war.”

3. Increased Cross-Border Investment

According to the course Global Business , globalization has led to an increase in cross-border investment. At the macroeconomic level, this international investment has been shown to enhance welfare on both sides of the equation.

The country that’s the source of the capital benefits because it can often earn a higher return abroad than domestically. The country that receives the inflow of capital benefits because that capital contributes to investment and, therefore, to productivity. Foreign investment also often comes with, or in the form of, technology, know-how, or access to distribution channels that can help the recipient nation.

Disadvantages of Globalization

1. increased competition.

When viewed as a whole, global free trade is beneficial to the entire system. Individual companies, organizations, and workers can be disadvantaged, however, by global competition. This is similar to how these parties might be disadvantaged by domestic competition: The pool has simply widened.

With this in mind, some firms, industries, and citizens may elect governments to pursue protectionist policies designed to buffer domestic firms or workers from foreign competition. Protectionism often takes the form of tariffs, quotas, or non-tariff barriers, such as quality or sanitation requirements that make it more difficult for a competing nation or business to justify doing business in the country. These efforts can often be detrimental to the overall economic performance of both parties.

“Although we live in an age of globalization, we also seem to be living in an age of anti-globalization,” Reinhardt says in Global Business . “Dissatisfaction with the results of freer trade, concern about foreign investment, and polarized views about immigration all seem to be playing important roles in rich-country politics in the United States and Europe. The threats in Western democracy to the post-war globalist consensus have never been stronger.”

2. Disproportionate Growth

Another issue of globalization is that it can introduce disproportionate growth both between and within nations. These effects must be carefully managed economically and morally.

Within countries, globalization often has the effect of increasing immigration. Macroeconomically, immigration increases gross domestic product (GDP), which can be an economic boon to the recipient nation. Immigration may, however, reduce GDP per capita in the short run if immigrants’ income is lower than the average income of those already living in the country.

Additionally, as with competition, immigration can benefit the country as a whole while imposing costs on people who may want their government to restrict immigration to protect them from those costs. These sentiments are often tied to and motivated—at least in part—by racism and xenophobia.

“Meanwhile, outside the rich world, hundreds of millions of people remain mired in poverty,” Reinhardt says in Global Business. “We don't seem to be able to agree about whether this is because of too much globalization or not enough.”

3. Environmental Concerns

Increased globalization has been linked to various environmental challenges, many of which are serious, including:

• Deforestation and loss of biodiversity caused by economic specialization and infrastructure development
• Greenhouse gas emissions and other forms of pollution caused by increased transportation of goods
• The introduction of potentially invasive species into new environments

While such issues are governed by existing or proposed laws and regulations, businesses have made climate change concerns and sustainability a priority by, for example, embracing the tenets of the triple bottom line and the idea of corporate social responsibility .

Managing the Risks of Globalization

The world is never going to abandon globalization. While it’s true that individual countries and regions put policies and practices in place that limit globalization, such as tariffs, it’s here to stay. The good news is that businesses and professionals willing to prepare for globalization’s challenges by developing strong social impact skills have the potential to benefit immensely.

Whether you’re a business owner, member of executive leadership, or an employee, understanding the impacts of globalization and how to identify its opportunities and risks can help you become more effective in your role and drive value for your organization.

Taking a course like Global Business is one path toward developing international business skills and gaining an understanding of the macroeconomic, political , and social conditions that continue to impact globalization.

Are you interested in breaking into a global market? Sharpen your knowledge of the international business world with Global Business , one of our online business in society courses . If you aren't sure which course is the right fit, download our free course flowchart .

This post was updated on February 26, 2024. It was originally published on April 15, 2021.

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Pros and cons of economic, social and political globalization: is globalization overall positive for our societies?

Historically, globalization has been considered both a great opportunity and a threat. Globalization is a multifaceted phenomenon which entails several economic, cultural, and political pros and cons. Discover here the implications and arguments for and against globalization.

Brief history of globalization

Globalization is a process of growing exchange, interaction and integration between people, governments and private organizations across the globe. International trade, capital flows, migration , technological transfer and cultural exchanges are some of the typical manifestations of this process. The encounters and relationships between ancient civilizations and the colonization processes initiated during the Age of Discoveries were archaic and early-modern forms of globalization. During the 19th century technological progress and the Industrial Revolution catalyzed globalization. The political and economic international agreements after the Second World War accelerated this process even further. However, this term really became paramount in the academic literature and media after the fall of the Iron Curtain and the Soviet Union which enabled a much more fluid communications, exchanges of goods and services and migration .

For years globalization was equated with progress and economic growth and generally supported. However, in the last few years an increasing number of voices have started to criticize this phenomenon and point at several flaws and dangers associated with it. The anti-globalization movement has grown. Not only left-wing  anti-capitalists oppose globalization, but conservative nationalists have recently emerged as a strong force against it. To what extent is globalization to blame for problems such as national unemployment , inequality, terrorism and cultural homogenization?

Globalization pros and cons

Globalization  is such a complex phenomenon that here we are going to dissect its pros and cons across three different dimensions or angles: economic, cultural and political

Economic globalization 

Economic globalization echoes the views of neoliberal and neoclassicist thinkers in which states lose prominence and the world becomes a single global market of individual consumers. These consumers are characterized by their material and economic self-interest – rather than cultural, civic or other forms of identity. The expansion and dominance of global companies and brands is another key feature. These corporations contribute to deepen global interconnectedness not only by uniformly shaping consumption patterns across societies, but by binding economies together through complex supply chains, trade networks , flows of capital and manpower. 

Pros of economic globalization: 

• Cheaper prices for products and services (more optimized supply chains)
• Better availability of products and services
• Easier access to capital and commodities
• Increased competition
• Producers and retailers can diversify their markets and contribute to economic growth

Cons of economic globalization:

• Some countries struggle to compete
• Extractive behavior of some foreign companies and investors  in resource-rich countries preventing economic diversification
• Strong bargaining power of multinational companies vis-à-vis local governments
• “Contagion effect” is more likely in times of crises
• Problems of “ social dumping ”

Cultural globalization

It refers to the process of transmission of values, ideas, cultural and artistic expressions. In the era of the Internet and fast communications people can interact more easily with each other. Multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism are to some extent manifestations of cultural globalization. Communities are less insulated than ever in history, even those who cannot travel can have today a good understanding of other cultures and meet virtually people from other parts of the world. People change their views and lifestyle influenced by global cultural and consumption trends.

Pros of cultural  globalization:

• Access to new cultural products (art, entertainment, education) 
• Better understanding of foreign values and attitudes. Less stereotyping and fewer misconceptions about other people and cultures
• Instant access to information from anywhere in the world
• Capacity to communicate and defend one’s values and ideals globally
• Customisation or adaptation of global cultural trends to local environment (“mestisage”)

Cons of cultural globalization:

• Spread of commodity-based consumer culture    
• Dangers of cultural homogenization
• Westernization, cultural imperialism or cultural colonialism
• Some small cultures may lose their distinct features
• Dangerous or violent ideals can also spread faster (note the international character of the terror group IS)

Political globalization 

The political dimension is a newer feature of the globalization debate, as over the last 30 years there has been a rise in the influence and power of international and regional institutions such as the European Union (EU), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the United Nations (UN), the World Trade Organization (WTO), MERCOSUR in South America, and the Association for Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). These international and supranational actors increasingly shape domestic politics.

Pros of political globalization:

• Access to international aid and financial support
• It contributes to world peace . It reduces risk of invasions, more checks on big powers and limitationn on nationalism
• International organizations are often committed to spread values like freedom and to fight abuses within countries
• Smaller countries can work together and gain more influence internationally
• Governments can learn from each other

Cons of political globalization:

• State sovereignty is reduced
• The functioning of international and supranational organizations is often not “democratic” in terms of representation and accountability
• Big countries can shape decisions in supranational organizations
• Sometimes countries can veto decisions and slow down decision making processes
• Coordination is difficult and expensive

To summarize, no matter from which angle we look at globalization, whether economic, cultural or political, both the opportunities and drawbacks are numerous.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization

Globalization is a hotly discussed subject today, with supporters claiming it may lead to economic progress, cultural interchange, and new possibilities. At the same time, opponents suggest it can cause inequality, cultural homogenization, and environmental degradation (Nkang Ogar et al., 2019). This essay will explore the advantages and disadvantages of globalization and provide evidence to support each perspective. The phenomenon of globalization is the result of technological advancements and the growth of international trade and communication (Ramazanov et al., 2021). It has enabled nations to participate in global economic operations, resulting in greater commerce, investment, and cultural interaction. While globalization has brought economic growth and development, cultural exchange and understanding, and technological innovation and progress, it has also increased inequality, threatened local cultures, and created environmental challenges.

Globalization is a dynamic phenomenon changing how people live, work, and connect. While globalization has generated controversy and criticism, it has also had significant advantages. The possibility for economic growth and development is one of the most important benefits of globalization. Globalization has created opportunities for businesses to expand their markets, access resources more efficiently, and increase productivity (Surya et al., 2021). As a result, more investment, job creation, and improved living standards have occurred in many regions of the globe. For example, the rise of multinational firms and foreign investment has aided China’s and India’s fast economic development. In 2020, China’s economy surpassed that of the United States to become the world’s largest economy by purchasing power parity (Vázquez Rojo, 2022). The growth has lifted millions of people out of poverty and improved their standard of living.

Another advantage of globalization is the opportunity for cultural exchange and understanding. Globalization has promoted exchanging ideas, beliefs, and behaviors across civilizations, expanding global variety and understanding. For instance, the popularity of Korean pop music and television dramas, known as K-pop and K-dramas, has spread to many countries worldwide, creating a new form of cultural exchange (Kanozia & Ganghariya, 2021). Similarly, the growth of English as a worldwide language has increased cross-cultural contact and understanding.

A third advantage of globalization is the spread of technology and innovation. Globalization has created opportunities for transferring technology and knowledge across borders, improving communication, healthcare, and education. For example, the development of mobile technology has transformed how people communicate and access information worldwide (Bahrini & Qaffas, 2019). Moreover, globalization has encouraged scientific cooperation and idea sharing, leading to advancements in domains such as health and renewable energy.

Globalization has been the subject of heated controversy in recent years, with detractors pointing to its harmful effects on economies, society, and cultures throughout the globe. Although globalization has excellent benefits, it has substantial drawbacks that cannot be overlooked. One of the most significant shortcomings of globalization is the uneven distribution of wealth and power that it has brought about. While globalization has generated economic growth and development, the benefits have been distributed unevenly. Wealthy corporations and individuals have gained the most, while workers and communities have suffered job losses and decreased wages. For instance, the growth of sweatshop labor in developing countries has led to exploiting workers, unsafe working conditions, and environmental degradation (Lotfi et al., 2021). Furthermore, global businesses often have more power and influence than governments, resulting in a lack of accountability and oversight.

Secondly, globalization has the potential for cultural homogenization and loss of diversity. As global markets become more integrated, local cultures and traditions are often replaced by homogenous global trends. This can lead to a loss of unique cultural practices and a sense of identity for communities worldwide. For example, the proliferation of fast food companies such as McDonald’s and Starbucks has resulted in the homogeneity of culinary culture in many nations, replacing local cuisine with international fast food choices. Similarly, the appeal of Western fashion and entertainment has pushed indigenous forms of creative expression to the margins.

Thirdly, globalization harms the environment and climate change. Globalization has increased consumption and production, leading to more significant resource depletion, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, global trade growth has increased shipping and air transportation, contributing to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions (Hulme, 2021). Besides that, natural resource extraction, such as deforestation and mining, has damaged habitats and ecosystems.

Finally, globalization has both positive and negative aspects. Even though globalization has resulted in an uneven distribution of wealth and power, it has also helped millions of people rise out of poverty by improving their access to lower-cost products and services. While globalization could result in a loss of cultural variation and uniformity, it has also promoted more mutual understanding and respect among individuals from many origins. Similarly, whereas technology may cause environmental harm and climate change, it has also created opportunities for environmental betterment and greater collaboration. Consequently, it is critical to recognize and promote globalization’s positive elements while addressing its negative ones. We can advance toward a more equitable and sustainable global system if we can mitigate negative consequences while enhancing positive ones.

In conclusion, the debate over the advantages and disadvantages of globalization is ongoing and complex. Even though globalization has opened up new avenues for economic expansion and cultural interaction, it has also brought new obstacles in the form of inequality, environmental degradation, and cultural uniformity. It is evident from examining these arguments and counterarguments that the influence of globalization is complicated and diverse. Lastly, politicians, corporations, and people must endeavor to mitigate the adverse effects of globalization while promoting its sound effects. Doing so can create a more equitable and sustainable global system that benefits everyone regardless of background or location. In light of this, it is essential to recognize the value of diverse perspectives and engage in open dialogue to solve the complex challenges of globalization.

Bahrini, R., & Qaffas, A. (2019). Impact of information and communication technology on economic growth: Evidence from developing countries.  Economies ,  7 (1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies7010021

Hulme, P. E. (2021). Unwelcome exchange: International trade as a direct and indirect driver of biological invasions worldwide.  One Earth ,  4 (5), 666–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.04.015

Kanozia, R., & Ganghariya, G. (2021). Cultural proximity and hybridity: Popularity of Korean pop culture in India.  Media Asia ,  48 (3), 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2021.1902079

Lotfi, M., Walker, H., & Rendon-Sanchez, J. (2021). Supply Chains’ Failure in Workers’ Rights regarding the SDG COMPASS: A Doughnut Theory perspective.  Sustainability ,  13 (22), 12526. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212526

Nkang Ogar, J., Nwoye, L., & Bassey, S. A. (2019). Archetype of globalization: Illusory comfort of neo-colonialism in Africa.  International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI) ,  2 (3), 90–95. https://doi.org/10.33750/ijhi.v2i3.46

Ramazanov, I. A., Panasenko, S. V., Cheglov, V. P., Krasil’nikova, E. A., & Nikishin, A. F. (2021). Retail transformation under the influence of Digitalisation and technology development in the context of globalization.  Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity ,  7 (1), 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010049

Surya, B., Menne, F., Sabhan, H., Suriani, S., Abubakar, H., & Idris, M. (2021). Economic growth, increasing productivity of SMEs, and open innovation.  Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity ,  7 (1), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010020

Vázquez Rojo, J. (2022). United States, China and the dispute for Global Hegemony: A Comparative Analysis.  HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional De Humanidades ,  11 (Monográfico), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v11.4302

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Home » Political Science » Political Economy » 10 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Globalization

10 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Globalization

Globalization is the process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among people, businesses, and countries around the world. It is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that has been shaped by advances in technology, transportation, and communication, as well as economic, political, and cultural factors.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization

Globalization has brought about many advantages, including increased economic growth, access to new markets, and the spread of ideas and innovations. However, it has also had its share of challenges and disadvantages, including job displacement, cultural homogenization, and negative environmental impacts.

In this context, it is important to carefully consider the advantages and disadvantages of globalization in order to understand its impact on the world we live in and work to address any negative effects.

10 Advantages of Globalization

Some of the key advantages of globalization include:

• Increased Economic Growth
• Access To New Markets
• Spread Of Ideas And Innovations
• Increased Cultural Exchange
• Greater Efficiency
• Job Creation
• Improved Living Standards
• Increased Competition
• Greater Access To Information
• Political Benefits

1. Increased economic growth

Globalization has led to increased trade and investment, which has contributed to economic growth around the world. As countries have become more interconnected and trade and investment have increased, businesses have been able to access new markets and sell their products and services to a wider audience. This has led to increased productivity and economic growth, particularly in developing countries that have been able to tap into the global economy.

2. Access to New markets

Globalization has opened up new markets for businesses, allowing them to sell their products and services to a wider audience. This has been facilitated by advances in technology, transportation, and communication, which have made it easier for businesses to connect with customers around the world. The access to new markets has helped businesses to expand their operations and increase their profits.

3. Spread of ideas and innovations

Globalization has facilitated the exchange of ideas and knowledge, leading to the spread of innovations and technological advancements. As people from different parts of the world have come into closer contact with one another, they have been able to share ideas and learn from one another. This has led to the development of new technologies and the spread of innovative ideas, which has had a positive impact on the quality of goods and services available to consumers.

4. Increased cultural exchange

Globalization has brought people from different cultures into closer contact, leading to increased cultural exchange and understanding. As people from different parts of the world have interacted with one another, they have been able to learn about and appreciate different cultures and ways of life. This has helped to promote greater tolerance and understanding among people from different backgrounds and has contributed to a more vibrant and diverse global culture.

5. Greater efficiency

Globalization has allowed for the division of labor, with countries specializing in the production of goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage. This has led to increased efficiency and lower prices for consumers. By specializing in the production of certain goods and services, countries have been able to take advantage of their unique strengths and resources, leading to increased productivity and lower costs.

6. Job creation

Globalization has created new job opportunities, particularly in developing countries. As businesses have expanded their operations internationally, they have created new job opportunities in the countries where they operate. This has helped to reduce poverty and improve living standards for many people around the world.

7. Improved living standards

Globalization has contributed to increased prosperity and improved living standards for many people around the world. As economic growth has increased and access to goods and services has improved, people have been able to enjoy a higher standard of living. This has included increased access to education, healthcare, and other important amenities.

8. Increased competition

Globalization has increased competition among businesses, which has helped to drive innovation and improve the quality of goods and services. As businesses compete with one another on a global scale, they have been forced to continuously improve the quality and value of their products and services in order to stay competitive. This has benefited consumers, who have access to a wider range of high-quality goods and services at lower prices.

9. Greater access to information

Globalization has made it easier for people to access information and connect with others around the world. Advances in technology and communication have made it possible for people to access a wide range of information and connect with others, regardless of their location. This has had a number of benefits, including increased access to education, improved communication and collaboration, and the ability to connect with people from different cultures and backgrounds.

10. Political benefits

Globalization has contributed to increased political stability and cooperation, as countries have become more interconnected and interdependent. As countries have become more reliant on one another for trade and investment, there has been an increased incentive to cooperate and work together to address common challenges. This has led to increased political stability and cooperation, as countries have worked together to solve problems and find mutually beneficial solutions. In addition, the increased economic and cultural exchange facilitated by globalization has helped to promote greater understanding and cooperation among countries.

10 Disadvantages of Globalization

Globalization also had its share of challenges and disadvantages. These includes –

• Job Displacement
• Cultural Homogenization
• Negative Environmental Impacts
• Income Inequality
• Loss of Local Control
• Exploitation Of Workers
• Loss of Cultural Diversity
• Decreased Job Security
• Negative Impact On Small Businesses
• Negative Impact On The Environment

1. Job displacement

Globalization has been associated with job displacement, as some workers have lost their jobs to lower-paid workers in other countries. As businesses have sought to take advantage of lower labor costs in other countries, they have moved some of their operations abroad, leading to job losses in their home countries. This has had a particularly negative impact on workers in developed countries, who may not have the same access to education and training as their counterparts in developing countries.

2. Cultural homogenization

Globalization has been linked to cultural homogenization, as some local cultures have been overshadowed by more dominant global cultures. As people from different parts of the world have come into closer contact with one another, there has been a greater exchange of cultural influences. However, some critics argue that this has led to the erosion of local cultures and the rise of a more dominant global culture. This has had a negative impact on cultural diversity and has led to the loss of some traditional ways of life.

3. Negative environmental impacts

The increased trade and transportation that has accompanied globalization has had negative environmental impacts, including air and water pollution and climate change. The increased movement of goods and people around the world has led to increased emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants, which have contributed to climate change and other environmental problems.

4. Income inequality

Globalization has contributed to income inequality, as some people and countries have benefited more from the process than others. While some individuals and countries have experienced increased prosperity and improved living standards as a result of globalization, others have been left behind. This has led to growing income inequality, as the gap between the rich and the poor has widened.

5. Loss of local control

Globalization has led to the loss of local control in some areas, as decision-making has shifted to a global scale. As countries have become more interconnected and interdependent, some argue that local communities and governments have lost control over their own affairs. This has led to a sense of powerlessness and frustration for some people, as global forces have come to shape their lives in ways that they may not be able to influence.

6. Exploitation of workers

Some critics argue that globalization has led to the exploitation of workers in developing countries, as companies seek to take advantage of lower labor costs. In some cases, workers in developing countries have been paid very low wages and have worked in poor conditions in order to produce goods for export to developed countries. This has led to concerns about the exploitation of workers and the erosion of labor standards in some countries.

7. Loss of cultural diversity

Globalization has been linked to the loss of cultural diversity, as some local cultures have been overshadowed by more dominant global cultures. As people from different parts of the world have come into closer contact with one another, there has been a greater exchange of cultural influences. However, some argue that this has led to the erosion of local cultures and the rise of a more dominant global culture, which has had a negative impact on cultural diversity.

8. Decreased job security

The increased competition that has accompanied globalization has led to decreased job security for some workers. As businesses have faced increased competition from abroad, they have been forced to become more efficient in order to stay competitive. This has led to cost-cutting measures, including layoffs and job insecurity, which has had a negative impact on some workers.

9. Negative impact on small businesses

Globalization has benefited large corporations, but it has had a negative impact on small businesses in some cases. As small businesses have faced increased competition from larger, more efficient global corporations, some have struggled to survive. This has led to the closure of some small businesses and the loss of jobs in local communities.

10. Negative impact on the environment

In conclusion, globalization has brought about many positive changes and benefits, including increased economic growth, access to new markets, and the spread of ideas and innovations. However, it has also had its share of challenges and negative impacts, including job displacement, cultural homogenization, and negative environmental impacts.

As we move forward, it is important to carefully consider both the advantages and disadvantages of globalization in order to understand its full impact and work to address any negative effects.

This may involve adopting a more responsible and ethical approach to globalization that takes into account the needs and well-being of people and the environment. By doing so, we can ensure that the benefits of globalization are shared more widely and that its negative impacts are minimized.

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The Advantages of Globalization

Introduction, accessibility of technology, choice of culture, diverse culture products, sharing knowledge, reference list.

The world is fast becoming a global village, seemingly smaller than it was a decade ago. This scenario has resulted from the development of trade and transport systems, thus making it conducive for movement of people, goods, services, and ideas and creating diversity in social, economic, political, and cultural views across the world. The technological revolution has also played a critical role in advancing globalization.

Globalization is an age-old concept, even though it has elicited great discourses in contemporary times as compared in the past where the idea of a global village seemed farfetched. Globalization is the process of growth and interconnection of world economies and cultures, which are aided by transport and trade. This process has been in progress for hundreds of years although at a much slower pace than in recent years as aforementioned.

It affects the cultural, economic, and social spheres of society. As with every thing else, globalization has both advantages and disadvantages. This paper highlights some of the positive effects that globalization has on all spheres of human interaction including the sharing of cultural products such as music, sports, and movies, knowledge, technology, and foods from different cultures.

A few decades ago, the majority of the contemporary technology was non-existent in most developing countries. People had to do almost everything manually including basic tasks such as doing laundry, cleaning floors, and cooking. However, this scenario was different in most developed countries as they already had some of the technology needed to carry out such tasks with ease.

However, with the improvement and advancement in modes of transport in developing countries, developed countries found new markets in most parts of Africa and Asia and products such as vacuum cleaners, microwaves, and washing machines found their way to developing countries. The main advantage of this development is that it has drastically improved the quality of work done while reducing the amount of time spent doing the same.

This aspect consequently improves the lifestyles of the people using the machines (Rifkin, 2003, Spiritual Perspectives on Globalization, p.176). Nevertheless, western countries are constantly modifying these products and making them more efficient. Today, it does not take a decade for any new technology to be available to consumers in developing countries.

Globalization has opened boundaries across the world, and a new technology in the United States will only take a few months before hitting the market in developing countries. Also, the transport systems have drastically evolved from the use of steam engines and ships to using electric trains and airplanes.

Communication is also easier now with the introduction of hi-tech mobile telephones that connect people both in the same country and with people in different continents at the touch of a button (. The ultimate result of such developments is that people in different areas of the world are in a position to enjoy the benefits of products not ordinarily available to them in their own countries and have expansive markets in other parts of the world.

Marketing forums like Amazon, e-Bay and many other online trading forums enable consumers to purchase goods and services online regardless of one’s location (Pew Global Attitudes Project, 2007, p.177-178).

Globalization has led to the introduction of diverse cultural practices in places where originally there existed only one practice. A century ago, a certain culture was a specific aspect unique to a certain society. For instance, the Chinese culture was specific to people and residents of China, European culture was specific to people living in Europe and African culture specific to Africa.

However, ease of trade and travel has changed this dynamic by making most societies multicultural, with everyone having the freedom to embrace his or her culture of preference rather than being restricted to the culture of birth. For instance, it is Chinese culture that children should not buy food with their own money.

This cultural pursuit seeks to encourage children to eat whatever that their parents place before them, consequently encouraging healthy eating. Nevertheless, since the McDonalds opened its first branch in Beijing in 1992, this cultural requirement has changed drastically.

McDonald’s services, which include hosting birthday parties, appealed to children regardless of the fact that birthdays are not culturally celebrated in China either (The Levin Institute, n.d. Globalization and Culture: Globalization and local culture, p.180).

Also, the introduction of Starbucks, an American coffee retail enterprise, in Italy has given the people of Italy a choice between maintaining their culture of drinking coffee in small and relaxed establishments and ordering coffee at Starbucks to drink on the go at their convenience. There are also other restaurants established for the sole purpose of selling food associated with specific cultures.

There are restaurants that only make Italian cuisine, Chinese cuisine, Japanese cuisine, and French cuisine to mention but a few, while others take pride in being inclusive and serving cuisines from different cultures (Hastings, Thiel & Thomas, 2003, The deadly noodle, p.180). This aspect gives every individual a chance to either try something new or stick to what is familiar.

Another good example is fashion and how different cultures influence their trends. For instance, people associate the Kenyan Maasai kikoi with East Africa and the Ankara with West Africa. Therefore, a person may use any of the two fabrics or use them together to give an African feel to his or her outfit. The beauty of the freedom to choose elements from different cultures is that it creates diversity and nurtures an appreciation for different cultures.

It also creates opportunities to develop new and unique cultures made from the combination of cultures from different societies as well as a means to celebrate similarities. Sports are one such similarity, which is celebrated worldwide through the organization of events that bring different countries together to compete in various disciplines. The Olympics and the FIFA World Cup are examples of such events.

During these events, people from different cultures meet and exchange ideas and practices. Also, some sports are specific to some countries; for instance, the Chinese acrobatics, and through such events, other countries get to learn about these sports, which are specific to some cultures.

Apart from increasing the availability of consumer goods, globalization has increased production and trade of culture products and services such as music and movies. Cultural products and services are products and services that echo the lifestyles and cultural background of a given society. For instance, movies vary depending on the part of the world they come from and the culture in force in that particular part of the world.

For example, the United States developed the ‘Hollywood’ trademark for outstanding movies and other artistic displays that best defined what the culture is like in that part of the world(The Levin Institute, n.d. Globalization and Culture: Globalization and local culture, p.180). They packaged these performances and sold them as a commodity within the American borders.

As globalization progressed, other parts of the world such as Asia and Africa provided a ready market for this commodity. It also created a platform for different cultures around the world to share their experiences whether political, social-cultural, or economical.

It did not take long for Asia and Africa to start producing movies using the knowledge gained from the commodity they bought and incorporating their own cultural experiences into the stories.

Bollywood is the Asian version of this commodity while the Nollywood is the African version produced in the West African region.

Just like the example given earlier on regarding the choice of a culture where people establish restaurants serving specific foods from different parts of the world, the IMAX Company based in the United States is recorded to have opened six hundred and ninety-seven (697) movie theaters in fifty-two countries worldwide by September of 2012.

These theaters provide an avenue for people to enjoy the American movie-watching culture in an authentic American environment (The Levin Institute, n.d. Globalization and Culture: Globalization and local culture, p.180).

Air transportation has made it possible for people to leave one part of the world to learn and gain knowledge in another part of the world.

The Internet and by extension the social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have made haring of information, and consequently, knowledge easier and faster as information is relayed in real time to people all over the world (Knickerbocker, 2004, If Poor Get Richer; Does the World See Progress? page 185-186).

The Internet burst has facilitated knowledge sharing by a great margin, and even now, people in developing countries can undertake online studies offered in learning institutions in developing countries. Thanks to globalization, people can have cures to most of the diseases across the world.

A cure discovered in one part of the world now means a cure for the rest of the world. For instance, courtesy of the efforts of Dr. Jonas Salk in the early 1950s who invented the Polio vaccine the disease is now preventable. However, this achievement would not be possible without means of sharing information.

This information-sharing aspect is not only important in issues regarding medicine, but also in political, social, environmental and economic issues. As long as there is an interconnection of interests, through trade, for instance, it is crucial to ensure that there is a flow of information and knowledge.

A good example of why this element is important is the global financial meltdown that occurred throughout the world like a ripple effect to a credit crisis in Europe. Had there been information regarding the credit crunch on the onset, most of the countries with financial links to credit institutions in Europe would have taken necessary measures to prevent a global meltdown.

World leaders hold conventions in different places at different times of the year all over the world to discuss various ways of ensuring conservation and sustainability of the environment because what happens in one part of the world affects the rest of the world.

Carbon emissions, for example, affect the o-zone layer thus causing global warming across the world, regardless of the origin of the emissions (Knickerbocker, 2004, If Poor Get Richer; Does the World See Progress?, page 185-186).

Since every element has a negative side, globalization has numerous positive aspects that have changed the lives of many individuals across the world. The process is continuous and finds new ways of linking various parts of the world together.

Through globalization, culture has defied territorial boundaries, thus allowing the sharing of life-changing knowledge coupled with the development and sharing of technology. Globalization has created diversity in every part of the world and made people to appreciate both what is within and outside their territorial borders.

Hastings, M., Thiel, S., & Thomas, D. (2003). The deadly noodle. Newsweek, 141 (3), 180-182.

Knickerbocker, B. (2004). Globalization and sustainability: If Poor Get Richer, Does World See Progress? The Christian Science Monitor . Web.

Pew Global Attitudes Project. (2007). World publics welcome global trade-But not  immigration.  

Rifkin, I. (2003). Framing articles: What is globalization: Spiritual Perspectives on  Globalization. Woodstock, VT: Skylight Paths Publishers.

The Levin Institute State University. (n.d.). Globalization and Culture: Globalization and  local culture. Web.

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Home — Essay Samples — Sociology — Globalization — Globalization: Its Advantages and Disadvantages

Globalization: Its Advantages and Disadvantages

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Published: Jan 31, 2024

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• quora, (2015). Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization . [Online] Available at: https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-globalization
• [Accessed 24 Feb 2019].
• nytimes.com, (2016). The New York Times Magazine . [Online] Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/18/magazine/globalization.html [Accessed 25 Feb 2019].
• GPF, (2013). Globalization and Employment. [Online] Available at:
• https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/218/46372.html [Accessed 25 Feb 2019].

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Globalization has Both Advantages and Disadvantages – IELTS Writing Task 2

Updated On Nov 03, 2023

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Advantage Disadvantage essays, like ‘Globalization has Both Advantages and Disadvantages’, are an integral part of IELTS Writing Task 2. Fortunately, it is easy to identify due to the mention of the terms ‘advantages’, ‘disadvantages’, ‘benefits’, ‘drawbacks’ or other similar terms in the topic itself.

Usually, in this kind of essay, you have to note down the benefits and drawbacks of a particular aspect, like studying abroad, tourism, school systems, etc. As a result, the structure of the essay is comparatively easy to frame as all you need is four paragraphs – Introduction, Body Paragraph 1 (advantages), Body Paragraph 2 (disadvantages) and Conclusion.

We will have a look at an advantage and disadvantage essay – Globalization has Both Advantages and Disadvantages- with Band 9 Sample Answers accompanied by vocabulary which will not only boost your IELTS preparation but also enhance your word bank.

Let’s have a look at the  advantage and disadvantage essay  – Globalization has both advantages and disadvantages.

Sample Answer 1

Here’s a detailed outline for the Globalization has Both Advantages and Disadvantages – IELTS Writing Task 2:

Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

Introduction

• Paraphrase the topic sentence.
• State what the following paragraphs will contain and mention your opinion.

Body Paragraphs

• The advantages of globalization include more employment opportunities, availability of more products to choose from and cheaper products in general.
• The disadvantages of globalization include the decline in the quality of products due to outsourcing and the competition faced by local businesses.

Summarize the topic and emphasize the view in the end.

Band 9 Sample Answer 1

Band 9 vocabulary for sample essay 1.

Meaning: strongly influencing later developments. Eg: Einstein’s seminal work on physics was ground-breaking.

Meaning: bound together, closer Eg: This was a very close-knit family.

• Proliferating

Meaning: escalating, multiplying Eg: Computerized databases are proliferating fast.

Meaning: sudden and striking Eg: The dramatic increase in crime was concerning.

• Merchandise

Meaning: products, goods Eg: He bought all the merchandise in the shop.

Meaning: the amount added to the cost price of goods Eg: This lipstick has a markup of 200%.

Meaning: a tax imposed on imported goods Eg: The government has increased the tariff on exotic items.

Meaning: remarkable, significant Eg: He had made some notable changes to his attire.

Meaning: cause or give rise to Eg: Such actions will only engender the king’s downfall.

Meaning: native, local Eg: The indigenous people of the Amazon are mostly tribal.

Sample Answer 2

Check out the detailed outline for Sample Answer 2 of the Globalization has Both Advantages and Disadvantages – IELTS Writing Task 2:

• Globalization, which integrates the whole world into one body through the advances of technology, transportation and communication has both advantages and disadvantages.
• The advantages of globalization include economic and cultural growth, access to goods, technological advancement and increased job opportunities.
• The disadvantages of globalization include income inequalities, disruption of local culture, environmental concerns and social disruption.

Band 9 Sample Answer 2

Meaning: one side or aspect of something Eg: He understood the different facets of life after his family left him.

Meaning: to reduce in size Eg: The company downsized its employees during the recession.

• Ameliorated 

Meaning: to make better or more tolerable Eg: Shane’s condition ameliorated when he got a job.

• Cutting-edge

Meaning: something that gives someone or something an advantage over others Eg: With cutting-edge technology, we should protect our environment rather than destroy it.

Meaning: to encourage the development or growth of ideas or feelings Eg: They could feel the fostering friendship among the roommates.

Meaning: central and important Eg: The separation of his parents had a pivotal effect on his life.

Meaning: having great or lasting importance Eg: Giving birth to a baby girl was a momentous point in their lives.

• Exacerbating 

Meaning: to make something that is already bad even worse Eg: This accident worsened the exacerbating condition of the Railways.

• Homogenizing 

Meaning: to become uniform in structure or composition throughout Eg: We had a homogenizing community and included different types of workers.

• Insatiable 

Meaning: always wanting more of something; not able to be satisfied Eg: The child’s insatiable thirst for knowledge led him to win the prestigious scholarship at such a young age.

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What is Globalisation? Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalisation

Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalisation: Globalisation implies the speedup in exchanges and movement (of goods and services, capital, human beings, or even cultural practices) all across the globe. One of the globalisation effects is that it increases and encourages the interactions between the various regions and populations worldwide. Although globalisation was necessary for development, there are also some disadvantages to it. In this writing, we will discuss the pros and cons of globalisation.

What is Globalisation? Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalisation 2021

Advantages of globalisation, disadvantages of globalisation.

• Comparison Table for Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalisation
• FAQs on Pros and Cons of Globalisation

In international economics, globalisation can be defined as the web of relationships between the economies worldwide through international investments and trade. While the history of globalisation travels back to ancient times, the modern era started in the early nineteenth century.

The opposite of globalisation — also known as free-market trade across the borders — is protectionism. This economic policy attempts at protecting domestic businesses from foreign competitions and labour markets, generally by imposing trade barriers such as tariffs.

As a result of globalisation, people all over the world enjoy many advantages.

• Transfer of Technology: The transfer of technology all over the globe is excellent for us. Any country can choose to borrow the technology by the agreement and implement it in their country for the overall development. People can easily be in touch with people from any part of the world by using advanced technologies at a minimal cost, effort, and time.
• Better Services: Globalisation always offers us better services. With technological advancement, services such as electricity supply, water supply, internet, mobile networking, and other services have become more accessible and better than before. Easy internet access throughout the world is also the contribution of globalisation.
• Standardisation of Living: The critical process of globalisation is the integration of economics, enabling countries to fight against problems like poverty and improve people’s living standards. Many researchers have stated that when any country opens up its trade to the world, its economic growth rate is faster, and the living standards tend to improve.
• Development of Infrastructure: Technological advancements and their spread throughout the globe help in improving the country’s infrastructure. Governments are more enabling of delivering their services to the citizens. Development of the infrastructure implies the overall development of the respective countries. Here it is essential to say that the economic growth and development of a country’s infrastructure are compatible with each other.
• Foreign Exchange Reserves: By globalisation, countries are able to build foreign exchange reserves due to the international financial flows.
• Economic Growth: Globalisation requires optimum utilisation of the resources wherein the deficit resources are procured, and surplus resources are exported to various other countries. This guarantees overall economic growth.
• Contribution to the World GDP Growth Rate: Globalisation guarantees the contribution of each country to the world GDP growth rate.

The globalisation keeps doing well to us is not always true. It impacts our lives in a multidimensional manner. So, it has a few disadvantages as well.

Growing Inequality: Globalisation increases inequality throughout the globe by expanding specialisation and trade. Even though profession and trade amp up the per-capita income, it might cause relative poverty.

To explain this, we will use an example. All dominated MNCs around the globe are located in the US. All these businesses are buying cheap labour from developing or underdeveloped countries for product manufacturing or assembling. India, China and Africa are significant examples of this. It increases the employment rates of these countries, but they are far behind lagging relatively developed countries. Again, these companies coming to such countries for cheap labour also deprive the country’s people of working. So, it showcases that relative unemployment and poverty are being created in these developed countries as well.

Increasing the Unemployment rate: Globalisation is increasing the unemployment rate. Where individuals are getting jobs, how is this possible? Here is the explanation.

Globalisation needs higher-skilled workers at cheaper rates. But countries where the Institutions are comparatively weaker, aren’t capable of producing highly skilled workers. As a result of which, the unemployment rates are increasing in these countries.

When foreign companies invest primarily in developing countries, they hire workers from that country. In some scenarios, their wages are significantly lower compared to the other developed countries – the demand for such employees in developed countries is much lower. Moreover, along with the emergence of the Global Economic Crisis, jobs are at risk.

Trade Imbalance: The trade balance refers to the value ratio between the country’s export and import services and goods. Due to globalisation, any country can trade to any part of the globe.

In some instances, the developing countries are highly dependent on developed countries for import goods, but the export capabilities are lower than the imports. The imbalance in trade has been taking place. So, trade imbalance balances values between any country’s import and export of goods and services. It is also known as trade deficits. Trade imbalance might be an increase in the developed countries by the competitors.

Environmental Loots: The pace at which industrialisation is increasing is an outcome of globalisation. Industrialisation encourages economic growth. However, it harms the environment. Globalisation destroys nature, and it hurts humans very severely.

Let’s try to understand the scenario with the example. Coca-Cola world’s leading soft drink company. This company consumes a large amount of water to make soft drinks. In a north Indian state, Uttar Pradesh, a bottling plant of Coca-Cola, was shut down by the government order due to the local farmers’ too much water usage.

In Kerala, a south Indian state, the Coca-Cola plant was also shut down due to water pollution supplied to the local communities. Also, MNCs are using the natural resources from different countries extensively for personal gain. Various chemical industries are highly harmful to the health of humans by polluting the soil, water, air.

Comparison Table for Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalisation

Faq’s on pros and cons of globalisation.

Question 1. How does globalisation encourage market extension?

Answer: Above all, Globalization encourages market extension. It offers an opportunity for domestic companies to go global. For instance, domestic companies can be witnessing saturation in demand for their services or products. Still, by globalisation, domestic companies are able to sustain and satisfy the needs of foreign customers.

Question 2. How does globalisation offer affordable products?

Answer: With access to the latest technologies, the countries are able to provide products to their citizens at affordable rates. Globalisation encourages competition in the domestic economies and its endeavour for competing against the competition, companies lessen the product price or following the penetration pricing policy.

Question 3. When did globalisation start?

Answer: The first wave of globalisation began in the 19th century in the year 1914. This started in order to change with the first globalisation wave, which roughly took place over the century ending in 1914.

Technological Globalization – Examples, Pros and Cons

Technological globalization is one of 8 types of globalization that helps us describe what globalization looks and feels like in 21st Century information societies .

It refers to the spread of technologies across borders and around the world. This includes both:

• The spread of technological knowledge (how to create technology)
• The literal movement of technology around the world (trade in technological goods)

With rapid developments in technological innovations in the 21 st Century and increased ease and speed at which we can move technologies across the world economy, technological globalization is occurring at a faster rate than ever .

While technological globalization has been good for many people in developing economies, there are also concerns that a digital divide between the rich and poor can make economic mobility (people getting wealthier within one generation) more difficult.

Technological globalization can be defined as the increasing speed of technological diffusion across the global economy. It refers to the spread of technologies around the globe, and particularly from developed to developing nations.

The global flow of technologies has been extensively researched by Arjun Appadurai who considered technological globalization to be one of five ‘ spheres of globalization ’. He labelled technological globalization the ‘technosphere’ and explained that it’s both an effect and cause of globalization .

As an effect of globalization , we can see that technologies spread more easily thanks to political globalization (the increased interconnection of nations) and economic globalization (the rise of a global economy facilitated by liberalization of trade). For example, free trade agreements can make it easier to move technological innovations across borders; and manufacturing in the developing world can make it cheaper to produce those technologies.

But it’s also a cause of globalization because new technologies like the internet and cell phones make it easier to conduct cross-border trade and interactions. Similarly, technologies that have made air flight more efficient have helped increase the flow of people around the world.

Examples of Technological Globalization

1. Growth of Multinational Technology Corporations Liberalization of trade and economic globalization have facilitated the growth of multinational corporations like Microsoft, Apple and Sony. Traveling around the world, chances are the televisions in all the airports are from one of the four or five major television brands. Anywhere in the world, chances are the phones will be made by Samsung, Apple, or another of the major multinational mobile phone corporations.

2. Mobile Banking Mobile banking has allowed people to access money both at home and around the world at a faster pace than ever. In particular, smartphone stock trading apps allow for the ownership of capital to be shuffled around the world faster than ever, helping to speed up globalization and lower the cost of start-up capital to facilitate new business development.

3. Mechanization of Manufacturing While not the first thing we think about when considering examples of technical globalization, this is one factor that has an enormous impact on our lives. Using machines for manufacturing lowers labor costs which has two competing effects: downward pressure on labor costs (leading to cheaper goods) and loss of traditional manufacturing jobs.

4. Media Globalization One effect of the spread of technologies and technological knowledge (primarily from the developed to developing world) has been to also globalize the media that is presented on technologies like computers and cell phones. The United States has become a big exporter of media culture (through Hollywood films, for example). Some worry that this can dilute indigenous cultures and develop one world culture (called cultural homogenization ).

Related Theory: Technological Determinism

Advantages of Technological Globalization

1. Easier International Trade With digital technologies we can speed up customs at nation-state borders, move money more efficiently and even move goods faster as air flight innovation improves. A clear example is the rise of international currency conversion apps like TransferWise.

2. One World Economy Technologies that automate trade can help create a more cohesive globalized economy. This will speed up the development of market efficiencies and economies of scale (such as those discussed in my article on economic globalization ). One example of this is if one nation has a competitive advantage in producing a particular good, they can produce it en masse and make it cheaply available to the whole world.

Related Concept: McDonaldization

3. Economic Growth The World Bank [2] found that technological globalization has “contributed to rising domestic productivity levels in advanced and emerging economies.” Technologies can help us produce good more efficiently and with less man power, which in turn makes those goods cheaper and allows businesses to scale faster.

4. Reducing Poverty The World bank [1] also found that technological globalization has overall reduced poverty rates around the world. They state: “Rapid technological progress in developing countries has been central to the reduction of poverty in recent decades”. Despite this excellent outcome, there are also clear losers from globalization, which is discussed below.

5. Faster Technological Innovation The global spread of technology has also enabled scientists and engineers around the world to engage in global competition. Each nation observes other nations’ innovations and builds on them, enabling technology to be developed faster and faster.

6. Rise of Online Communities Those with access to the internet are able to develop contacts with others who share their own hobbies and interests around the world. This has allowed people to ‘find their tribe’ and helped people to develop their identities in unique new ways, rather than around traditional nationalistic or regional identity formations.

Disadvantages of Technological Globalization

1. Has not Closed the Digital Divide The digital divide is a phenomenon that occurs when wealthier people have better access to technology than poorer people. The inequality in the distribution of technology gives a comparative advantage to wealthier developed nations. While technological globalization has allowed technologies to spread around the world faster, the digital divide still exists between and within nations around the world.

2. Replacement of Workers by Machines New technologies have been implemented in factories to replace workers in menial tasks. While this has been good for making cheaper goods, many worry that it will destroy entire industries and leave people unemployed and disillusioned. For example, Andrew Yang warns of the impact of automated driverless trucks on the trucking industry:

3. Cultural Homogenization As people around the world get access to global media technologies, the dominant media producers (namely, the United States and in particular Hollywood) spread their cultures around the world. This has led to people blaming globalization for the “Disneyfication of culture” while indigenous and local cultures become diluted and people increasingly develop transnational identities .

4. Rise of Fake News As internet technologies have enabled anyone to develop their own podcast, YouTube channel or blog, control over the spread of information has been diluted. There are concerns that new technologies have allowed for conspiracy theorists and extremist organizations to spread their nefarious messages online.

Of the eight types of globalization , technological globalization is one that touches on all the others. Technology helps speed up economic and cultural globalization , for example. In this sense, the ‘types’ of globalization aren’t self-standing concepts, but each one impacts the other.

Technological globalization has had wide-reaching consequences for our world. The jury is still out on whether the spread of technology around the world (what we often call ‘technological diffusion’) has had positive or negative impacts. And the truth is it’s had good impacts in some senses and negatives in others.

REFERENCES IN APA FORMAT

Cristadoro, R. (2018). The Unintended Consequences of Globalization and Technological Progress .  International Macroeconomics in the Wake of the Global Financial Crisis , 73-96.

Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (2015). Globalization and growth .  American Economic Review ,  105 (5), 100-104.

Milner, H. V. (2019). Voting for populism in Europe: globalization, technological change, and the extreme right . In  Conference on Frontiers in Comparative and Political Economy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK .

Reddy, P. (2017). Globalization of technology: issues in technology transfer and technological capability building . Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems.

World Bank (2008). Global Economic Prospects 2008: Technology Diffusion in the Developing World. Retrieved from: https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/978-0-8213-7365-1

World Bank (2018). Globalization and Technological Transformation. Retrieved from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/events/2018/10/18/globalization-and-technological-transformation

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization

Introduction.

Events that have been taking place in the world recently attract more and more attention from the international community. Living in the modern world, a person can not stay outside the things that happen in other countries because nowadays all things and processes are interconnected. Events that take place, for example, in Asia, can be caused by some other events that have happened in Europe, and at the same time, can be reasons for some other kind of events in South or North America.

All this is happening this way because of the process of globalization that can be observed throughout the world. People express different points of view concerning the issue of globalization and a single point is not formed yet. Some people keep to the point that globalization is a negative phenomenon in the development of the world because it brings profit only to the highly-developed countries and the developing countries become even poorer as a result of globalization.

Other people stick to the point that globalization is, vice versa, a positive process that influences greatly the convergence of nations in the modern world and helps to develop cooperation between different nations in all aspects of international life. Taking into account both these points, in this essay we are going to examine the actual effect of globalization upon the life of the modern world and make an attempt to see if the developing countries benefit from globalization and if it really supports the convergence of different nations.

To begin with, let us consider the possible negative effects of globalization. First of all, they are connected with the sphere of trade. Globalization makes it much easier for the majority of countries to carry out trade abroad. The countries that take part in the International Monetary Fund and World Trade Organization get the opportunities to launch their markets and enterprises in different countries, and very often those countries can not resist the flow of production from abroad thus destroying their domestic economies.

In spite of the fact that each country has its own buying habits and traditions, huge firms from the United States of America, Great Britain, or other highly developed countries get adjusted to those habits and win the major part of the market in the poor countries. Thus, they not only destroy the national identities of the nations but also increase rates of inflation and unemployment in those countries.

As globalization opens foreign markets for foreign enterprises, it is not surprising that they try to use the cheaper labor force from these countries as preferable to the expensive labor force that they can find in their own countries. Thus, domestic workers from highly developed countries are left without a job because foreign workers are skilled at the same level but their wage demands are much lower. Various economic crises were caused by the process of globalization, like for example, the Asian financial crises during the middle of 1990s when Thailand, the Philippines, South Korea, Japan, and other Asian countries faced economic recessions, falling off their currency rates and great levels of unemployment.

Of course, in those countries where people do not have jobs due to the foreign labor force, there are lots of demonstrations and protests against globalization. In the developing countries, there are also anti-globalization protests, as globalization increases the gap between the rich and the poor in those countries, as well as the gap between whole countries.

On the other hand, globalization is often viewed as a positive process, firstly due to its role in the development of international trade and international corporations. They are said to contribute positively to the convergence of nations around the world. The same role is attributed to the virtual economy that makes the process of economic relations between countries easier due to the use of modern technology and telecommunications.

The great role of teenage culture and sports in the convergence of the nations of the world also can not b denied. These two phenomena, teenage culture, and sports are viewed as the results of globalization and are considered to be positive. Teenagers irrespective of the nation they belong to are interested in a culture based on different musical genres, like rock, hip-hop, pop music, and this fact helps them to overcome conflicts that could occur if they did not have common interests.

Sports are a great power in the modern world due to their unifying force. For example, when a sports competition takes place nations forget about their principles and try to win in the competition using only earnest sport rules and principles. The development and activity of such organizations as the European Union and World Trade Organization have a positive effect upon the convergence of nations.

We can say the same concerning the role of languages, especially English, in the process of globalization and, respectively, international convergence. People, who know English can get more paying jobs, receive higher status in society. Women who speak English can be less discriminated against to their usefulness as workers with the knowledge of the international situation. But recently, local languages have become more and more popular due to the role of advertising, business, and pop culture. This fact shows that globalization is not so negative, but it also can not be called absolutely positive.

In this essay, we tried to find out to what extent globalization brings convergence and divergence in the world. We learned that globalization has its positive and negative sides. On the one hand, it increases the gap between rich and poor people and causes inflation and unemployment. On the other, it provides help in convergence of nations through sport, culture, and trade.

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