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System Software

System software refers to the low-level software that manages and controls a computer’s hardware and provides basic services to higher-level software. There are two main types of software: systems software and application software. Systems software includes the programs that are dedicated to managing the computer itself, such as the operating system, file management utilities, and disk operating system (or DOS).

What is System Software?

System software is software that provides a platform for other software. Some examples can be operating systems , antivirus software , disk formatting software, computer language translators, etc. These are commonly prepared by computer manufacturers. This software consists of programs written in low-level languages, used to interact with the hardware at a very basic level. System software serves as the interface between the hardware and the end users.

System software refers to the collection of programs and software components that enable a computer or computing device to function properly. It acts as an intermediary between the user and the computer hardware, allowing the user to interact with the hardware and use various applications and programs. Some common types of system software include operating systems (such as Windows, macOS, or Linux), device drivers , utility programs, programming languages, and system libraries.

Operating systems are the most important type of system software, as they provide the foundational framework for all other software and applications to run on the computer. They manage computer resources, such as memory and processing power, and provide a user interface for users to interact with the system. Device drivers are another important type of system software, as they allow the operating system to communicate with hardware devices such as printers, scanners , and graphics cards . Utility programs provide additional functionality to the operating system, such as disk defragmentation , virus scanning, and file compression.

Examples of System Software

System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer’s hardware and application programs and examples of system software include operating systems (OS) (like macOS, Linux, Android, and Microsoft Windows), game engines, search engines(like google,Bing,Yahoo!), industrial automation, computational science software, and (SaS)software as a service applications.

Operating systems (OS): Windows, Linux, macOS, etc.
Device drivers: software that enables the communication between hardware and OS.
Firmware : pre-installed low-level software that controls a device’s basic functions.
Utility software: tools for system maintenance and optimization.
Boot loaders : software that initializes the OS during startup.

Why use System Software?

Here are some reasons why system software is necessary:

Hardware Communication: System software serves as an interface between the hardware and software components of a computer, enabling them to communicate and work together.
Resource Management: System software manages computer resources such as memory, CPU usage, and storage, optimizing their utilization and ensuring that the system operates efficiently.
Security: System software provides security measures such as firewalls, antivirus software, and encryption, protecting the system and its data from malware, viruses, and other security threats.
User Interface: System software provides a user interface that allows users to interact with the computer or computing device and perform various tasks.
Application Support: System software supports the installation and running of applications and software on the system.
Customization: System software allows for customization of the system settings and configuration, giving users greater control over their computing environment.

Features of System Software

The most important features of system software are as below.

Memory Management: operating system perform memory management . The OS keeps track of the primary memory and allocates the memory when a process requests it.
Processor Management: OS performs process management . Allocates the main memory (RAM) to a process and de-allocates it when it is no longer required.
File Management: Operating system perform file management . Allocates and de-allocates the resources and decides who gets the resources.
Security: Prevents unauthorized access to programs and data using passwords.
Error-detecting Aids: Production of dumps, traces, error messages, and other debugging and error-detecting methods.
Scheduling: The OS schedules the process through its scheduling algorithms .

Types of System Software

1. Operating System

An operating system (OS) is a type of system software that manages a computer’s hardware and software resources. It provides common services for computer programs. An OS acts as a link between the software and the hardware. It controls and keeps a record of the execution of all other programs that are present in the computer, including application programs and other system software.

Important Tasks Performed by the Operating System

The main functions of operating systems are as follow:

Resource Management: The operating system manages and allocates memory, CPU time, and other hardware resources among the various programs and processes running on the computer.
Process Management: The operating system is responsible for starting, stopping, and managing processes and programs. It also controls the scheduling of processes and allocates resources to them.
Memory Management: The operating system manages the computer’s primary memory and provides mechanisms for optimizing memory usage.
Security: The operating system provides a secure environment for the user, applications, and data by implementing security policies and mechanisms such as access controls and encryption.
File Management: The operating system is responsible for organizing and managing the file system, including the creation, deletion, and manipulation of files and directories.
Device Management: The operating system manages input/output devices such as printers, keyboards, mice, and displays. It provides the necessary drivers and interfaces to enable communication between the devices and the computer.

For more, refer to Functions of Operating System .

2. Programming Language Translator

Programming language translators are programs that translate code written in one programming language into another programming language. below are examples of programming language translator.

Compiler: A compiler is a software that translates the code written in one language to some other language without changing the meaning of the program. The compiler is also said to make the target code efficient and optimized in terms of time and space. A compiler performs almost all of the following operations during compilation pre-processing, lexical analysis , parsing, semantic analysis (syntax-directed translation), conversion of input programs to an intermediate representation, code optimization , and code generation . Examples of compilers may include gcc(C compiler), g++ (C++ Compiler ), javac (Java Compiler), etc.
Interpreter: An interpreter is a computer program that directly executes, i.e. it performs instructions written in a programming or scripting language . Interpreters do not require the program to be previously compiled into a machine language program. An interpreter translates high-level instructions into an intermediate form, which is then executed. Interpreters are fast as it does not need to go through the compilation stage during which machine instructions are generated. The interpreter continuously translates the program until the first error is met. If an error comes it stops executing. Hence debugging is easy. Examples may include Ruby , Python , PHP, etc.
Assembler: An assembler is a program that converts the assembly language into machine code. It takes the basic commands and operations and converts them into binary code specific to a type of processor. Assemblers produce executable code that is similar to compilers. However, assemblers are more simplistic since they only convert low-level code (assembly language) to machine code. Since each assembly language is designed for a specific processor, assembling a program is performed using a simple one-to-one mapping from assembly code to machine code. On the other hand, compilers must convert generic high-level source code into machine code for a specific processor.

3. Device Drivers

Device drivers are a class of system software that minimizes the need for system troubleshooting. Internally, the operating system communicates with hardware elements. Device drivers make it simple to manage and regulate this communication.

To operate the hardware components, the operating system comes with a variety of device drivers. The majority of device drivers, including those for a mouse, keyboard, etc., are pre-installed in the computer system by the businesses that make computers.

4. Firmware

These are the operational programs installed on computer motherboards that assist the operating system in distinguishing between Flash, ROM , EPROM , and memory chips. However, managing and controlling all of a device’s actions is the main purpose of any firmware software . For initial installation, it makes use of non-volatile chips.

There are mainly two main types of firmware chips:

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) chip .
UEFI (Unified Extended Firmware Interface) chips .

5. Utility Software

System Software and application software interact through utility software . A third-party product called utility software is created to lessen maintenance problems and find computer system defects. It is included with your computer’s operating system.

Listed below are some particular attributes of utility software:

Users benefit from protection from threats and infections.
WinRAR and WinZip are programs that aid in reducing disk size.
It assists with disk partitioning and functions as a windows disk management service.
It makes it easier for users to back up old data and improves system security.
It operates as a disk defragmenter to organize the dispersed files on the drive.
It aids in the recovery of lost data.

Uses of System Software

Here are some common uses of system software:

Operating systems: An operating system is a type of system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. Operating systems are used in a wide variety of applications, from personal computers to servers, supercomputers , and embedded systems .
Device drivers: Device drivers are a type of system software that allow operating systems to communicate with hardware devices such as printers, scanners, and graphics cards. Without device drivers, operating systems would not be able to interact with hardware devices, making them useless.
Firmware: Firmware is a type of system software that provides low-level control over hardware devices such as BIOS firmware, firmware for embedded systems, and firmware for network devices such as routers and switches.
System utilities: System utilities are a type of system software that performs routine maintenance tasks such as disk cleanup, defragmentation, antivirus scanning, and system backups. These utilities help ensure that the computer system is running efficiently and securely.
Programming tools: Programming tools are a type of system software that is used by developers to create, debug, and optimize software applications. These tools include compilers, debuggers, integrated development environments (IDEs) , and performance analysis tools.

Issues in System Software

Compatibility Issues: System software may not be compatible with certain hardware components, which can cause errors or crashes.
Security Issues: System software may contain vulnerabilities that can be exploited by hackers or malware to gain unauthorized access to the system or steal sensitive data.
Performance Issues: System software may not be optimized for the hardware or may be resource-intensive, which can cause the system to slow down or freeze.
Update Issues: System software updates may contain bugs or compatibility issues that can cause problems with the system or other software components.
Licensing Issues: Some system software may require licensing or activation , which can cause problems if the license expires or if there are licensing errors.
User Interface Issues: The user interface of system software may not be intuitive or may be difficult to use, which can affect the user experience.

Advantages of System Software

Resource management : System software manages and allocates resources such as memory, CPU , and input/output devices to different programs.
Improved performance: System software optimizes the performance of the computer and reduces the workload on the user.
Security : System software provides security features such as firewalls , anti-virus protection, and access controls to protect the computer from malicious attacks.
Compatibility: System software ensures compatibility between different hardware and software components, making it easier for users to work with a wide range of devices and software.
Ease of use: System software provides a user-friendly interface and graphical environment, making it easier for users to interact with and control the computer.
Reliability: System software helps ensure the stability and reliability of the computer, reducing the risk of crashes and malfunctions.
Increased functionality: System software provides a range of tools and utilities for performing various tasks, increasing the functionality and versatility of the computer.

Disadvantages of System Software

Complexity : System software can be complex and difficult to understand, especially for non-technical users.
Cost : Some system software, such as operating systems and security software, can be expensive.
System Overhead: The use of system software can result in increased system overhead, which can slow down the performance of the computer and reduce its efficiency.
Vulnerability : System software, especially the operating system, can be vulnerable to security threats and viruses , which can compromise the security and stability of the computer.
Upgrades : Upgrading to a newer version of system software can be time-consuming and may cause compatibility issues with existing software and hardware.
Limited Customizability : Some system software may have limited options for customization, making it difficult for users to personalize their computing experience.
Dependency : Other software programs and devices may depend on the system software, making it difficult to replace or upgrade without disrupting other systems.

Difference between System Software and Application Software

Here are the main difference points between software and application software

System Software – FAQs

1. how operating systems communicate with hardware devices.

operating systems communicate with hardware devices with the help of device drivers. Device driver is a type of system software.

2. What is the use of system software in resource management?

System software manages computer resources such as memory, CPU usage, and storage, optimizing their utilization and ensuring that the system operates efficiently.

3. What are examples of system software?

System software includes multiple applications, like utilities, operating systems, compilers and debuggers, that lie at a level of functionality like the computer hardware.

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Introduction to Computer Software

Published by Edith Mikkelsen Modified over 5 years ago

Presentation on theme: "Introduction to Computer Software"— Presentation transcript:

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About project

Best presentation software of 2024

Make perfect slides for speeches and talks

Best overall

Best for branding, best for marketing, best for themes, best for media, best unique.

How we test

The best presentation software makes it simple and easy to create, manage, and share slideshow presentations.

A person setting up files to import into Powerpoint.

1. Best overall 2. Best for branding 3. Best for marketing 4. Best for themes 5. Best for media 6. Best unique 7. FAQs 8. How we test

Presentation software runs at the heart of business sales, management, and development, so it's important to ensure you have the best presentation software for your needs. This is especially when looking to share ideas, concepts, and workflows, and the ability to present these in a simple and understandable way is essential.

However, while presentation software has been traditionally limited to text and images, it has widened its ability to work with different media such as video and audio .

Therefore it's important for the best presentation software to not simply be easy and simple to use, but also be able to support additional media so that presentations can be more engaging, lively, and ultimately serve their purpose in educating and updating their intended audience.

Below we've listed the best presentation software currently on the market.

We've also listed the best free presentation software .

The best office software in the world is: Microsoft 365 There are many different office software suites out there, but Microsoft Office remains the original and best, offering an unsurpassed range of features and functionality that rivals just can't match.

Even better, Microsoft 365 - previously branded as Office 365 - is a cloud-based solution which means you can use it on any computer, mobile device, or smartphone, without having to worry about compatibility. All your files are saved in the cloud and synced between devices, so you can begin work on a document at home or in the office, then continue working on it on the go.

You can sign up to Microsoft 365 here .

The best presentation software of 2024 in full:

Why you can trust TechRadar We spend hours testing every product or service we review, so you can be sure you’re buying the best. Find out more about how we test.

1. PowerPoint

Our expert review:

Reasons to buy

For most people, Microsoft 's PowerPoint remains the original and best of all the presentation software platforms out there. While other companies have managed to catch up and offer rival products worthy of consideration, the fact is that PowerPoint's familiar interface and ubiquitous availability means it remains a favorite for the majority of people.

On the one hand, it's long been a staple of the hugely popular Microsoft Office suite, meaning that for most users this is going to be the first - and last - presentation software they are going to need to use.

Additionally, Microsoft has made PowerPoint, along with their other office products, available as free apps (with limited functionality) on both iOS and Android for mobile use, meaning it's even harder to avoid them. And this is before we even consider the inclusion of PowerPoint in Microsoft's cloud-based Microsoft 365.

It does everything necessary that you'd expect of presentation software, allowing you to add text and media to a series of slides, to accompany a talk and other presentations. There are easy-to-use templates included to help spice things up a little, but even a general user with little experience of it is likely to find themselves able to use PowerPoint without much trouble at all.

Overall, it's hard to go wrong with PowerPoint, and although Microsoft 365 has a nominal cost, the apps are free to use even if they do have more limited functionality.

Read our full Microsoft PowerPoint review .

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2. CustomShow

Reasons to avoid.

Branding says a lot about a business, and it’s something firms need to get right from day one – from a good logo to a suitable font. CustomShow is business presentation software that puts all these elements of branding first.

Using the system, you can design and present customized, branded presentations that reflect your company and the products you offer, featuring the aforementioned logo and custom fonts. As well as this, you get a slide library and analytics to ensure your presentations are a success.

What’s more, you can import presentations into the software, and use it to tweak them further. There’s also integration with SalesForce , and because the platform is cloud-based, you can access your presentations on computers, tablets, and smartphones.

Considering the focus on branding, this offering could be good for marketing and sales teams, and it's used by major companies such as HBO and CBS Interactive.

3. ClearSlide

Just like CustomShow, ClearSlide has a niche focus for companies. The platform is targeted at firms looking to generate successful marketing campaigns, pushing sales via presentations (and more), not least through a range of analytics and metrics to work for sales and marketing.

With the product, you can upload a range of files, including PowerPoint, Keynote, PDF, and Excel. ClearSlide is integrated with other platforms, including Google Drive, Dropbox, and Salesforce.

This system is pretty complex and may offer too many irrelevant features for some businesses, but you can create customized content that reflects your company and the message you’re trying to get out to customers. There are also some good metrics and analysis features, and you can sign up for a free trial before making any decisions.

The real strength of ClearSlide comes from its focus on sales and marketing data, not least being able to track user engagement alongside other metrics.

4. Haiku Deck

Any presentation app will allow you to personalize your slides to at least some extent, but Haiku Deck goes one step further than the competition. It comes with a wide range of themes suited to different needs, and you also get access to 40 million free images from the Creative Commons collection.

When it comes to creating a presentation, you have the option to do so on the web, which means your presentation is accessible across a range of mobile devices as well as desktops. Regardless of the device used, you’re able to select from a variety of different fonts, layouts, and filters to make the perfect presentation.

The great thing about these various customization options is that they’re categorized into different industries and use cases. For instance, you’ll find themes for teaching, cooking, real estate, and startups. Most of the features require you to be online, but hopefully, you’ll have a sturdy net connection wherever you go.

5. SlideDog

It’s all too easy to end up creating a presentation that’s unappealing, and the last thing you want to do is make the audience fall asleep. SlideDog lets you combine almost any type of media to create a rich presentation that’s sure to keep the viewers’ peepers open, avoiding the ‘cookie cutter’ look that makes presentations seem dull.

Marketed as a web-based multimedia presentation tool, it gives you the ability to combine PowerPoint presentations, graphics, PDF files, Prezi presentations, web pages, pictures, videos, and movie clips. You can drag these into custom playlists and display them to your audience with ease.

You’re able to remotely control your presentations and playlists from your smartphone, the web, or a secondary computer, and there’s also the option to share slides in real-time. Audience members can even view your slide from their own devices by clicking a link. That’s a handy feature if you’re looking to create an immersive presentation experience.

SlideDog is probably the cheapest of the presentation software featured, with a free account that will cover the essential features. However, for live sharing and premium support, you need to upgrade.

Read our full SlideDog review .

Prezi is one of the more unique presentation tools. Instead of presenting your graphics and text in a slide-to-slide format, you can create highly visual and interactive presentation canvases with the goal of “emphasizing the relationship between the ideas”.

Presentations can also be tailored to the specific audience, as this is a flexible platform that’s capable of skipping ahead, or veering off into a side topic, without having to flip through all the slides to get to a particular bit.

For business users, there are a variety of handy tools available. By downloading Prezi , you can build and edit presentations with your colleagues in real-time, which is perfect for companies with teams based around the globe.

When you have created a presentation you’re happy with, you can present it live (in HD) and send a direct link to viewers. There are some analysis tools here, too – you can see who’s accessed your presentation, which parts of it, and for how long. The app is available for Mac and Windows devices.

Read our full Prezi review .

Presentation software FAQs

Which presentation software is best for you.

When deciding which presentation software to download and use, first consider what your actual needs are, as sometimes free platforms may only provide basic options, so if you need to use advanced tools you may find a paid platform is much more worthwhile. Additionally, free and budget software options can sometimes prove limited when it comes to the variety of tools available, while higher-end software can really cater for every need, so do ensure you have a good idea of which features you think you may require for your presentation needs.

How we tested the best presentation software

To test for the best presentation software we first set up an account with the relevant software platform, whether as a download or as an online service. We then tested the service to see how the software could be used for different purposes and in different situations. The aim was to push each software platform to see how useful its basic tools were and also how easy it was to get to grips with any more advanced tools.

Read how we test, rate, and review products on TechRadar .

We've also featured the best alternatives to Microsoft Office .

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Nicholas Fearn is a freelance technology journalist and copywriter from the Welsh valleys. His work has appeared in publications such as the FT, the Independent, the Daily Telegraph, The Next Web, T3, Android Central, Computer Weekly, and many others. He also happens to be a diehard Mariah Carey fan!

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System Software

Sep 16, 2014

2.67k likes | 2.98k Views

System Software. System software- A system software is a collection of system programs that perform a variety of functions i.e file editing, resource accounting, IO management, storage management etc.

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Presentation Transcript

System software- A system software is a collection of system programs that perform a variety of functions i.e file editing, resource accounting, IO management, storage management etc. • System program – A system program (SP) is a program which aids in effective execution of a general user’s computational requirements on a computer system. The term execution here includes all activities concerned with the initial input of the program text and various stages of its processing by computer system, namely, editing, storage, translation, relocation, linking and eventual execution. • System programming- System programming is the activity of designing and implementing SPs. • The system programs of a system comprises of various translators (for translating the HLLs to machine language) .The machine language programs generated by various translators are handed over to operating system (for scheduling the work to be done by the CPU from moment to moment). Collection of such SPs is the system software of a particular computer system

Introduction to Software Processors A contemporary programmer very rarely programs in the one language that a computer can really understand by itself---the so called machine language. Instead the programmer prefers to write their program in one of the higher level languages (HLLs). This considerably simplifies various aspects of program development, viz. program design, coding, testing and debugging. However, since the computer does not understand any language other than its own machine language, it becomes necessary to process a program written by a programmer so as to make it understandable to the computer. This processing is generally performed by another program, hence the term software processors. Broadly the various software processors are classified as: - Translators - Loaders - Interpreters

Program 1 Software processor 1 Program 2 Software processor II The software processor 1 in the figure is known as a translator. It performs the task of converting a program written in one language (HLL program termed as program 1) into a program written in another programming language (program 2). Software processor II is called a loader also known as linkage editor. The loader performs some very low- level processing of program 2 in order to convert it into a ready –to-run program in the machine language (program 3). This is the program form which actually runs on the computer , reading input data, if any, and producing the results. Other programs Results Program 3 ComputerSystem

Translators of programming languages are broadly classified into two groups depending on the nature of source language accepted by them. • An assembler is a translator for an assembly language program of a computer. An assembly language is a low-level programming language which is peculiar to a certain computer or a certain family of computers. • A compiler is a translator for a machine independent High Level language like FORTRAN, COBOL, PASCAL. Unlike assembly language, HLLs create their own feature architecture which may be quite different from the architecture of the machine on which the program is to be executed. The tasks performed by a compiler are therefore necessarily more complex than those performed by an assembler. The output program form constructed by the translator is known as the object program or the target program form. This is a program in a low-level language---possibly in the machine language of the computer. Thus the loader, while creating a ready-to-run machine language program out of such program forms, does not have to perform any real translation tasks. The loader’s task is more in the nature of modifying or updating the parts of an object program and integrating it with other object programs to produce a ready –to-run machine language form

Interpreter- Another software processor is an interpreter. The interpreter does not perform any translation of the source program. Instead, it analyzes the source program statement by statement and itself carries out the actions implied by each statement. An interpreter, which is itself a program running on the computer, in effect simulates a computer whose machine language is the programming language in which the source program is written SoftwareProcessor Program 1 Results ComputerSystem Data Execution of HLL program using an interpreter

Elements of Assembly language Programming- An assembly language program is the lowest level programming language for a computer. It is peculiar to a certain computer system and is hence machine-dependent. When compared to a machine language, it provides three basic features which make programming a lot easier than in the machine language • Mnemonic operation Code- Instead of using numeric operation codes (opcodes), mnemonics are used. Apart from providing a minor convenience in program writing, this feature also supports indication of coding errors,i.e misspelt operation codes. • Symbolic operand specification- Symbolic names can be associated with data or instructions. This provides considerable convenience during program modification. • Declaration of data/storage areas- Data can be declared using the decimal notation. This avoids manual conversion of constants into their internal machine representation.

An assembly language statement has the following general format [Label] Mnemonic OP Code Operand [Operand…] • Types of statements in an assembly language program: • Imperative statement- An imperative assembly language statement indicates action to be performed during execution of assembly program. Hence each imperative statement translates into( generally one) machine instruction The format of machine instruction generated has the format sign opcode index register operand address • Declarative statements- A declarative assembly language statement declares constants or storage areas in a program. For example the statement A DS 1 indicates that a storage area namely A is reserved for 1 word. G DS 200 indicates that a storage area namely G is reserved for a block of 200 words.

Constants are declared using statement ONE DC ‘1’ indicating that one is the symbolic name of the constant 1. Many assemblers permit the use of literals. These are essentially constants directly used in an operand field ADD ‘=1’ = preceding the value 1 indicates that it is a literal. The value of the constant is written in the same way as it would be written in a DC statement. Use of literals save the trouble of defining the constant through a DC statement and naming it. • Assembler Directives- Statements of this kind neither represent the machine instruction to be included in the object program nor indicate the allocation of storage for constants or program variables. These statements direct the assembler to take certain actions during the process of assembling a program. They are used to indicate certain things regarding how assembly of the input program is to be performed. For example START 100 indicating that first word of the object program to be generated by the assembler should be placed in the machine location with address 100

Similarly, the statement END indicates that no more assembly language statements remain to be processed.

AN ASSEMBLY PROCESS • The overall process of conversion of an assembly language program to its equivalent machine code can be broadly divided into two phases: • Analysis phase • Synthesis phase Analysis Synthesis Translation from of + of = Source to Target Source text Target Text Text

Analysis Phase- This phase is mainly concerned with the understanding of syntax (rules of grammar) and semantics (rules of meaning) of the language. The various tasks that have to be performed during this phase are: • Isolate the label, mnemonic operation code and operand fields of a statement • Enter the symbol found in label field (if any) and address of the next available machine word into the symbol table • Validate the mnemonic operation code by looking it up in the Mnemonic table • Determine the storage requirements of the statement by considering the mnemonic operation code and operand fields of the statement. Calculate the address of the first machine word following the target code generated for this statement (Location counter processing)

Synthesis Phase- The basic task of the synthesis phase is to construct the machine instruction for the corresponding assembly language code. In this phase we select the appropriate machine operation code for the mnemonic and place it in the machine instruction’s operation code field. Operand symbols are replaced by their corresponding addresses. The symbols and their addresses are maintained in the analysis phase in the form of symbol tables. The various tasks that are performed during synthesis phase are: • Obtain the machine operation code corresponding to the mnemonic operation code by searching the Mnemonic table • Obtain the address of the operand from the symbol table. • Synthesise the machine instruction or the machine form of the constant, as the case may be.

Location counter processing- The best way to keep track of the addresses to be assigned is by actually using a counter called the location counter. By convention, this counter always contain the address of the next available word in the target program. At the start of the processing by the assembler, the default value of the start address (by convention generally the address 0000) can be put into this counter. When the start statement is processed by the assembler, the value indicated in its operand field can be copied into the counter. Thus, the first generated machine word would get the desired address. Thereafter whenever a statement is processed the number of machine words required for by it would be added to to this counter so that it always points to the next available address in the target program.

A simple Assembly Scheme- Fig: 1 Let us start applying the translation model to the assembly scheme given. As the END statement in the scheme is with a label, the execution of the program starts from the statement that bears the label First. As regards the analysis of the an assembly statement say, FIRST READ A All the information required to design the analysis phase is given. We already know the three fields: label, opcode mnemonic and operand field. The mnemonic opcode is checked whether it is valid or not by comparing it with the list of mnemonics of the language provided. Once, the mnemonic turns out to be valid, we determine whether the symbols written followed the symbol writing rules. This completes the analysis phase.

In the synthesis phase, we determine the machine operation code for the mnemonic used in the statement. This can be achieved by maintaining the list of machine opcode and corresponding mnemonic opcode. Net we take the symbol and obtain its address from the symbol table entry done during the analysis phase. This address can be put in operand address field of the machine instruction to give it the final form.

Pass Structure of an assembler-In order to understand the pass structure of an assembler, we need to first understand its need and significance. This can be understood with the help of an assembly program. The assembly scheme given in fig 1, when input to an assembler, is processed in the following way. Processing of the START statement will lead to initialization of the location counter to the value 100. On encountering the next statement A DS ‘1’ the analysis phase will enter the (symbol, address) pair (A,100) into the symbol table. Location counter will be simply copied into the appropriate symbol table entry. The analysis phase will then find that DS is not the mnemonic of a machine instruction, instead it is a declarative. On processing the operand field, it will find that one storage location is to be reserved against the name A. Therefore LC will be incremented by 1. On processing the next two statements, the (symbol, address) pairs (B,101) and (FIRST,102) will be reentered into the symbol table. After this the following instructions will be generated and inserted into the target program

Address Instruction opcode operand Address 102 09 100 103 09 101 104 04 100 105 02 101 generation of these instructions is quite straightforward since the opcodes can be picked up from the mnemonics table and the operand addresses from the symbol table. The next statement to be processed is: TRIM LARGEG While synthesizing the machine instruction for this statement, the mnemonic TRIM would be translated into machine operation code ’07’. While processing the operand field, the assembler looks for LARGEB in the symbol table. However this symbol is not present there. On looking at the source program again, we find that the symbol LARGEB does appear in the label field of third-last assembly statement in the program

The problem arising in processing this reference to symbol LARGEB belongs to assembler rather than the assembly program being translated. This problem arises as the definition of LARGEB occurs in the program after its reference. Such a reference is called forward reference . We can see that similar problems will arise for all the forward references. Thus we have to find a solution to this problem of assembling such forward references. • On further analysis of situation. We can see that this problem is not any shortcoming of our translation model but it is the result of our application of the translation model to an arbitrary piece of the source program, namely a statement of the assembly language. For the translation to succeed, we must select a meaningful unit of the source program which can be translated independent of subsequent units in it. In order to characterize the translation process on this basis, we introduce the concept of a translator pass, which is defined as: • A translator pass is one complete scan of the source program input to the translator, or its equivalent representation

Multipass Translation – Multipass translation of the assembly language program can take care of the problem of forward references. Most practical assemblers do process an assembly program in multiple passes. The unit of source program used for the purpose of translation is the entire program. • While analyzing the statements of this program for the first time, LC processing is performed and symbols defined in the program are entered into the symbol table. • During the second pass, statements are processed for the purpose of synthesizing the target form. Since all the defined symbols and their addresses can be found in the symbol table, no problems are faced in assembling the forward references. In each pass, it is necessary to process every statement of the program. If this processing is performed on the source form of the program, there would be a certain amount of duplication in the actions performed by each pass. In order to reduce this duplication of effort, the results of analyzing a source statement by the first pass are represented in an internal form of the source statement. This form is popularly known as the intermediate code of the source statement.

SymbolTable SourceProgram Target Program Pass II Pass I IntermediateCode Assembler

Single Pass Translation- Single pass translation also tackles the problem of forward references in its own way. Instructions containing forward references are left incomplete until the address of the referenced symbol becomes known. On encountering its definition, its address can be filled into theses instructions. Thus, instruction corresponding to the statement TRIM LARGEB the statement will only be partially synthesized. Only the operation code ’07’ will be assembled to reside in location 106. The need for putting in the operand address at a later stage can be indicated by putting in some information into a Table of Incomplete Instructions(TII). Typically, this would be a pair (106,LARGEB). At the end of the program assembly, all entries in this table can be processed to complete such instructions.

Single pass assemblers have the advantage that every source statement has to be processed only once. Assembly would thus proceed faster than in the case of multipass assemblers. However, there is a disadvantage. Since both the analysis and synthesis have to be done by the same pass, the assembler can become quite large.

Design of a two-pass assembler- The design of two pass assembler depends on the type of tasks that are done in two passes of assembler. The pass wise grouping of tasks in a two-pass assembler is: • Pass 1- • Separate the symbol, mnemonic opcode and operand fields • Determine the storage required for every assembly language statement and update the location counter • Build the symbol table • Construct intermediate code for every assembly language statement • Pass II • Synthesize the target code by processing the intermediate code generated during pass 1

Pass 1- In pass 1 of the assembler, the main task lies in maintenance of various tables used in the second pass of the translation. Pass 1 uses the following data structures for the purpose of assembly: • OPTAB: A table of mnemonic opcodes and certain related information • SYMTAB: The Symbol table • LITTAB: A table of literals used in the program • Functioning of pass 1 centers around the interpretation of entries in OPTAB. After label processing for every source statement, the mnemonic is isolated and searched in OPTAB. If it is not present in OPTAB, an error is indicated and no further processing needs to be done for the statement. If present, the second field in its (OPTAB) entry is examined to determine whether the mnemonic belongs to the class of imperative, declarative or assembler directive statements. In the case of an imperative statement, the length field contains the length of the corresponding machine instruction. This is simply added to the LC to complete the processing of this statement.

For both assembler directive and declarative statements, the ‘Routine id’ field contains the identifier of a routine which would perform the appropriate processing for the statement. This routine would process the operand field of the statement to determine the amount of storage required by this statement and update the LC appropriately. • Similarly for an assembler directive the called routine would perform appropriate actions before returning. In both these cases, the length field is irrelevant and hence ignored. • Each SYMTAB entry contains symbol and address fields. It also contains two additional fields ‘Length’ and ‘other information’ to cater for certain peculiarities of the assembly. • In the format of literal table LITTAB, each entry of the table consists of two fields, meant for storing the source form of a literal and the address assigned to it. In the first pass, it is only necessary to collect together all literals used in a program. For this purpose, on encountering a literal, it can be simply looked up in the table. If not found, a new entry can be used to store its source form. If a literal already exists in the table, it need not be entered a new. However possibility of multiple literal pools existing in a program forces us to use a slightly more complicated scheme. When we come across a literal in the assembly statement, we have to find out whether it already exists in current pool of literals. Therefore awareness of different literal pools has to be built into the LITTAB organization. The auxiliary table POOLTAB achieves this effect. This table contains pointers to the first literal of every pool. At any stage, the start of the current pool is indicated by the last of the active pointers in POOLTAB. This pool extends up to the last occupied entry of LITTAB.

Meanings of some other assembler directives • ORIGIN- The format of this directive is: ORIGIN address specification The address specification is any expression which evaluates to a value of type ‘address’. The directive indicates that the location counter should be set to the address given by the address specifications. • EQU- The EQU statement simply defines a new symbol and gives it the value indicated by its operand expression. • LTORG- A literal is merely a convenient way to define and use a constant. However, there is no machine instruction which can directly use or operate on a value. Thus while assembling a reference to a literal, the following responsibilities devolve on the assembler. • Allocation of a machine location to contain the value of literal during execution • Use of the address of this location as the operand address in the statement referencing the literal Locations for accommodating the literals cannot be determined arbitrarily by the assembler. One criteria for selecting the locations is that control should never reach any of them during execution of the program. Secondly they should be so allocated as not to interfere with the intended arrangement of program variables and instructions in the storage.

By convention, all literals are allocated immediately following the END statement. Alternatively, the programmer can use the LTORG statement to indicate the place in the program where the literals may be allocated. At every LTORG Statement, the assembler allocates all literals used in the program since the start of the program or since the last LTORG statement. Same action is done at the END statement. All references to literals in an assembly program are thus forward references by definition

Difference between passes and phases of an assembler Phases Passes • Phases of an assembler define Pass defines the part of total the overall process of translation translation task to be performed of an assembly language program to during one scan of the source machine language program. program or its equivalent • There are two phases of an There can be any number of Assembler----Analysis phase passes ranging from one to n And synthesis phase

INTERMEDIATE CODE FORMS Simultaneous with the processing of imperative, declarative and assembler directive statements, pass 1 of the assembler must also generate the intermediate code for the processed statements to avoid repetitive analysis of same source program statements. Variant forms of intermediate codes, specifically operand and address fields, arise in practice due to trade off between processing efficiency and memory economy. • Intermediate Code---variant 1 Features of this intermediate code form is given below: • The label field has no significance in intermediate code • The source form of mnemonic field is replaced by a code depending on the class of the statement. • For imperatives, this code is the machine language operation code itself. Class name can also be added with the opcode. The class name for imperatives is IS. For example the mnemonic Read will be represented as 09 or (IS,09)-------(statement class, code) • For declarative and assembler directives, this code is a flag indicating the class and a numeric identifying the ordinal number within the class. The class names for directive and declaratives are AD and DL respectively Example: AD#5 or (AD,05) stands for Assembler Directive whose ordinal number is 5 within the class of directives

The operand field of a statement is also completely processed. • TheConstants appearing as operands are replaced by their internal machine representation in decimal, binary, octal or hexadecimal as the case may be, to simplify their processing in pass II. This fact is indicated by a suffix I as in 200I . This representation, nowadays, uses an (operand class, code) pair. The operand class for a constant is given as C and for Symbols and Literals it is S or L. For constants , the code field includes the internal representation of the constant itself. Thus , START 200 will be represented as (AD,01) (C, 200) • A Symbol referenced in the operand field is searched in the symbol table, and if not already present, it is entered as a new symbol. The symbol’s appearance in the operand field is indicated by the code S#n or (S,n) standing for ‘Symbol number n’ in the intermediate code. Here n refers to the ordinal number of operand’s entry in the SYMTAB Thus, reference to A is indicated as S#1 or (S,01), reference to NEXT as S#3 or (S,03) etc. • Reference to Literal is indicated as L#m or (L,m) where the concerned literal happens to occupy the mth entry in LITTAB. • Since a symbol is entered into SYMTAB on its definition or its first reference whichever comes first, this gives rise to two kinds of entries in SYMTAB. • A symbol whose definition appears before any reference to it exists in the table along with its allocated address (Type 1 entry) • A symbol whose reference is encountered before its definition exists in the table without any machine address (Type 2 Entry) • This difference should be taken into account while processing the appearance of a symbol in the label field

START 200 AD #1 200I LOAD =‘5’ 04 L#1 STORE A 05 S#1 LOOP LOAD A 04 S#1 SUB =‘1’ 02 L#2 DS 1 DL#1 11 - - TRANS NEXT 06 S#3 LTORG AD #5 Intermediate Code-----variant 1

Intermediate Code Variant 1 Code for registers is entered as (1-4 for AREG-DREG) Codes doe condition code is entered as 1-6 for LT-ANY

Intermediate Code Variant II- In this form of intermediate code, the mnemonic is processed in a manner analogous to variant 1 of the intermediate code. The operand fields of the source statements are selectively processed. • For assembler directives and declaratives, processing of the operand fields is essential since it influences manipulation of the location counter. Hence these fields contains the processed form. • For imperative statements, operand field is processed only for identifying the literal references. Literals are entered into LITTAB. In the intermediate code, literal references can be retained in the source form or optionally they can be indicated in the form L#m or (L,m). Symbol references appearing in the source statement are not at all processed during pass 1.

START 200 AD #1 200I LOAD =‘5’ 04 L#1 STORE A 05 A LOOP LOAD A 04 A SUB =‘1’ 02 L#2 DS 1 DL#1 1I - - TRANS NEXT 06 NEXT LTORG AD #5 Intermediate Code-----variant II

Intermediate Code variant -II

Assembler Directives Assembler Declaratives • START 01 DC 01 • END 02 DL 02 • ORIGIN 03 • EQU 04 • LTORG 05

Comparison of the two variants • Variant 1 of the intermediate code appears to require extra work since operand fields are completely processed. However, this considerably simplifies the tasks of pass II. Assembler directives and declarative statements would require some marginal processing, while the imperatives only require one reference to the appropriate table for obtaining the operand address. The intermediate code is quite compact. If each operand reference like S#n can be fitted into the same number of bits as an operand address in a machine language instruction, then the intermediate code is as compact as the target code itself. • By using variant II the work of pass I is reduced by transferring the burden of operand filed processing from pass I and pass II of the assembler. The intermediate code is less compact since the operand field of most imperatives is the source form itself. On the other hand, by requiring pass II to perform more work, the functions and storage requirements of the two passes are better balanced. This might lead to reduced storage requirements of the assembler as a whole. Variant II is particularly suited if expressions are permitted in the operand fields of an assembly statement.

Pass II of the assembler- The main task of pass II of the assembler is to generate the machine code for the source code given to the assembler. Regarding the nature of the target code, there are basically two options • Generation of machine language program • Generation of some other slightly different form to conform to the input requirements of a linkage editor or loader. Such an output form is known as object module.

Listing and Error Indication- Design of the error indication scheme involves some critical decisions which influence its effectiveness, storage requirements and possibly the speed of the assembly. The basic choice involved is whether to produce program listing and error reports in the first pass itself or delay the action until the second pass. • If listing and error indications are performed in pass I, then as soon as the processing of a source statement is completed, the statement can be printed out along with the errors(if any). The source form of the statement need not be retained after this point. • If listing and error indications are performed only in pass II, the source form of the statement need to be available in pass II as well. For this purpose, entire source program may be retained in storage itself or it may be written out on a secondary storage device in the form of a file. • Thus in the first approach, the execution of the assembler will slow down due to additional IO operations whereas the second approach will lead to increased storage requirements.

MACROS AND MACRO PROCESSORS • Definition- A macro is a unit of specification for program generation through expansion. It is common experience in assembly language programming that certain sequence of instructions are required at a number of places in the program It is very cumbersome to repeat the same sequence of instructions wherever they are needed in an assembly scheme. This repetitive task of writing the same instructions can be avoided using macros. • Macros provide a single name for a set of instructions The assembler performs the definition processing for the macro inorder to remember its name and associated assembly statements. The assembler performs the macro expansion for each use of macro, replacing it with the sequence of instructions defined for it. • A macro consists of a name, a set of formal parameters and a body of code. • A macro definition is placed at the start of the program, enclosed between the statements MACRO MEND

Thus a group of statements starting with MCARO and ending with MEND constitutes one macro definition unit. If many macros are to be defined in a program, as many definitions units will exist at the start of the program. Each definition unit names a new operation and defines it to consist of a sequence of assembly language statements. • The operation defined by a macro can be used by writing the macro name in the mnemonic field and its operands in the operand field of an assembly statement. Appearance of a macro name in the mnemonic field amounts to a call on the macro. The assembler replaces such a statement by the statement sequence comprising the macro. This is known as macro expansion. All macro calls in a program are expanded in the same fashion giving rise to a program form in which only the imperatives actually supported by the computer appear along with permitted declaratives and assembler directives. This program form can be assembled by a conventional assembler. Two kinds of expansions are identified • Lexical Expansion- Replacement of character string by another character string during program generation

Semantic Expansion- Semantic expansion implies generation of instruction tailored to the requirements of a specific usage---for example, generation of type specific instructions for manipulation of byte and word operands. Semantic expansion is characterized by the fact that different uses of a macro can lead to codes which differ in the number, sequence and opcodes of instructions. For example, The following sequence of instructions is used to increment the values ina memory word by a constant: • Move the value from the memory word into a machine register • Increment the value in the machine register • Move the new value into the memory word Since the instruction sequence MOVE-ADD-MOVE may be used a number of times in a program, it is convenient to define a macro named INCR. Using lexical expansion, the macro call INCR A,B,AREG can lead to the generation of a MOVE-ADD-MOVE instruction sequence to increment A by the value of B using AREG to perform the arithmetic. Use of semantic expansion can enable the instruction sequence to be adapted to the types of A and B. For example Intel 8088, an INC instruction could be generated if A is a byte operand and B has the value ‘1’ while a MOV-ADD-MOV sequence can be generated in all other situations.

Definition of macro- A macro definition is enclosed between a macro header statement and a macro end statement. Macro definitions are located at the start of the program. A macro definition consists of • A macro prototype statement • One or more model statements • Macro preprocessor statements MACRO ………….Macro header statement INCR &X,&Y ………macro prototype statement LOAD &X ADD &Y Model Statements STORE & X MEND ………… End of definition unit • Macro header statement indicates the existence of a macro definition unit. Absence of header statement as the first statement of a program or the first statement following the macro definition unit, signals the start of the main assembly language program. • The prototype of the macro call indicates how the operands in any call on macro would be written . The macro prototype statement has the following syntax: <macroname> [<formal parameter spec>[,..]] where <macroname> appears in the mnemonic field of an assembly statement and formal parameter spec is of the form &<parameter name>[<parameter kind] • Model statements are the statements that will be generated by the expansion of the macro • Macro preprocessor is used to perform some auxiliary functions during macro expansion.

Macro Call---A macro call leads to macro expansion. During macro expansion, the macro call statement is replaced by sequence of assembly statements. The macro call has the syntax: <macroname> [<actual parameter spec> [,..]] where actual parameter spec resembles that of the operand specification in an assembly statement. • To differentiate between the original statements of a program and the statements resulting from the macro expansion, each expanded statement is marked with a ‘+’ preceding its label field. Two key notions concerning macro expansion are: • Expansion time control flow- This determines the order in which the model statements are visited during macro expansion. • Lexical substitution- Lexical substitution is used to generate an assembly statement from a model statement.

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ERP Student Information Software - A.T.S.I is an ERP enabled educational solution that has been designed and developed by XIPHIAS Software Technology (p) Ltd. In A.T.S.I. library management software reduces manpower and maintains accurate number of outgoing and incoming of book records as well as member details. In the A.T.S.I. we cover the transportation module for the tracking and maintain the transportation particulars. A fully functional Payroll Management System is integrated into the software to ease the burden on HR department. ERP software which is also known as Enterprise Resource Planning Software is an integrated system used by organizations to combine, organize and maintain the data necessary for operations.

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Information System Software

Information System Software. J. S. Chou, P.E., Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Classes of Software. System Software The collection of programs that control the basic functions of computer hardware. Application Software

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Top 10 Software Project Management Templates with Samples and Examples

Sarah, a software project manager, was excited as she started on her first task. Confident in her abilities to lead a team and manage a project, she soon realized that it was not all rosy, as it seemed.

The team was unorganized, the processes were unclear, and the deadlines were being pushed back with alarming regularity.

A disappointed, but positive Sarah started to break down the project into smaller tasks and delegated them to specific team members. She made sure that everyone knew what their responsibilities and the deadlines were. Voila, the project metrics improved within on time and under budget!

Sarah learned that successful project management is all about communication and being organized. By taking things one step at a time, she was able to successfully complete her projects and prove herself as a top-notch software project manager.

What is Software Project Management?

Software project management is the process of planning, executing, and monitoring of tasks related to new software integration. It includes the development and implementation of plans, policies, and procedures to ensure that projects are completed on time, within budget, and within scope. Software project management also involves the coordination of resources, including people, equipment, and other assets.

A person must have strong problem-solving skills and should be able to adapt to changes in the project environment. They must also be able to communicate with all project stakeholders.

When handled well, software project management can be a great learning experience and an opportunity to showcase one’s proficiency as a leader. Make the best use of it with SlideTeam’s top-notch collection of predesigned, editable software project management PPT Templates.

Let’s explore now!

Template 1: Software Project Management Template PPT

This software project management PPT Template will help you streamline and manage the process of a software development project. You can use it to provide an overview of the project, outlining the tasks that need to be completed and the required resources. It will also enable you to identify risks and potential problems and develop contingency plans. Tracking progress is child’s play with this presentation template. Download now!

Download this template

Template 2: Software Project Management Dashboard Sample PPT

A software project management dashboard template is an useful tool in software development. The content-ready design contains important components like project launch date, budget, overdue tasks, deadlines, etc. These attributes allow you to provide an overview of the project and its status, allowing your team to gel well. Get it today and boost your team’s effectiveness and efficiency.

Software Project Management Dashboard PPT Design

Template 3: Communication Plan for Software Project PPT Slide

As the manager of a software development project, you know that communication is key to success. This preconfigured communication plan PPT Design will help you structure your thoughts and ensure that all stakeholders are kept in the loop. You can use it to identify channels of communication, frequency of communication, and expected responses. Download this presentation template to create a communication plan and prevent project delays.

Communication Plan for Software Project Management PPT Sample

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Template 4: Key Elements of Software Project Management PPT Layout

Whether you are a project manager or a member of a team, this PPT Sample illustrating key elements of software project management is highly beneficial. It includes a neat diagram of attributes like project planning, time management , resource allocation, communication, and documentation, which will boost understanding and impact. The god is in the detail, for this template. Download now!

Key Elements of Software Project Management PPT Template

Template 5: Cost benefit analysis of software project management Template PPT

Any software development project entails some level of risk. Use this ready-made cost-benefit analysis PPT Layout to weigh potential benefits against costs and drawbacks. It will allow you to list out the possible risks and rewards. The likelihood of outcomes that this templates includes is akin to a masterstroke. Grab this infographic today!

Cost Benefit Analysis for Software Project Management Template

Template 6: Importance of software project management slide PPT

The importance of software project management cannot be understated. With the help of this informative PPT Sample, you can get points related to why it is essential for any company that wants to improve the efficiency of its software development process. You can talk about how companies can improve tracking project progress, identify and solve problems and assure cost-efficient and timely delivery of projects. Download now!

Importance of Software Project Management Sample Template

Template 7: Software Project Management Dashboard PowerPoint Design

Project management dashboards are crucial for any software development team. You can leverage this professionally-designed software project management dashboard PPT Infographic to present a comprehensive view of the project metrics. It includes elements like planning, design, development, testing, etc, which will enable you to know the current status of the project. Get this innovative template and start progressing towards your goal.

Software Project Management Dashboard Template

Template 8: Software Project Workload Management Plan Matrix Template PPT

Understanding workload management is a must for software project management. The given software project workload management plan matrix PPT Sample showcases the interactive grid matrix that will help you plan and track the work to be done. It represents different designations along with work schedule that fosters better coordination and productivity. Pick this content-ready layout today!

Template 9: Agile Software Development Project Management Approach PPT Design

The agile approach to software development project management is popular due to the speed and flexibility it provides. This editable PPT Template has everything you need to get started with the agile framework, including task description, priority level, and owner. These components will help streamline the workflow and obtain follow-ups. Download this sample and improve your chances of success.

Agile software development project management approach template

Template 10: Software Project Management Dashboard Sample PPT

When juggling too many elements at a time, designing a dashboard is handy. It displays information at a glance, making it easy to comprehend and connect dots among multiple segments. What’s better? This predesigned software project management dashboard PPT Sample will save your time and energy. It is well-suited for project managers, team members, sponsors, business analysts, etc. Download it now!

Software Project Management Dashboard PPT Sample

Dreams, goals and deadlines

“ A goal is a dream with a deadline.” - Napoleon Hill

With so many complexities and challenges, software project management can be a lot of work to deal with. Ease your worries with these predesigned, informative, customizable Project Management PPT Samples. Whether you want to create a dashboard or enlist key components or emphasize the importance of software project management, our collection of software project management PowerPoint Templates has it all. Explore, download, and succeed!

FAQs on Software Project Management

Why is software project management important.

Software project management is important for a number of reasons. Some are listed below:

Ensures that a project is completed on time and within budget.
Confirms and records that the final product meets the needs of the customer or client.
Prevents scope creep — a tendency for a project to gradually become larger and more complex as it progresses.
Promotes better communication and collaboration between team members, which leads to a more efficient and successful project.

How do you write a software project management plan?

Writing software project management plan can be both exciting and daunting. You must have a clear understanding of the project scope and objectives. If you’re good, here are three necessary steps to write a software project management plan:

Develop a high-level roadmap that outlines major milestones and deliverables.
Once the roadmap is approved, you can use it to create more detailed task list and resource allocation plan.
The final step is to design a timeline showcasing the start and end dates for each task. This timeline should be reviewed on regular basis to ensure that the project is on track.

These steps go into creating a comprehensive plan that will help ensure successful completion of your software development project.

What are the main software project management processes?

In any software development project, effective management is integral for success. There are four main software project management processes that project managers need to be aware of:

Planning: Setting objectives and goals, designing a project plan, and identifying risks and problems likely to arise.
Scheduling: Creating a timeline for the project and assigning tasks to individual team members.
Monitoring and control: Tracking progress against the project plan and making adjustments as needed.
Closure: Completing all remaining tasks, documenting the results of the project, and evaluating its overall success.

What are the key elements of software project management?

There are multiple elements involved in software project management. These are:

Resource allocation
Collaboration and communication
Documentation

Each of these is a subset that takes effort and planning. What you want to ensure in software project management is user review, which needs to be a regular feature., Without involving the users, software projects ae likely to hit hurdles and run into rough weather.

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Fall 2024 CSCI Special Topics Courses

Cloud computing.

Meeting Time: 09:45 AM‑11:00 AM TTh Instructor: Ali Anwar Course Description: Cloud computing serves many large-scale applications ranging from search engines like Google to social networking websites like Facebook to online stores like Amazon. More recently, cloud computing has emerged as an essential technology to enable emerging fields such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Machine Learning. The exponential growth of data availability and demands for security and speed has made the cloud computing paradigm necessary for reliable, financially economical, and scalable computation. The dynamicity and flexibility of Cloud computing have opened up many new forms of deploying applications on infrastructure that cloud service providers offer, such as renting of computation resources and serverless computing. This course will cover the fundamentals of cloud services management and cloud software development, including but not limited to design patterns, application programming interfaces, and underlying middleware technologies. More specifically, we will cover the topics of cloud computing service models, data centers resource management, task scheduling, resource virtualization, SLAs, cloud security, software defined networks and storage, cloud storage, and programming models. We will also discuss data center design and management strategies, which enable the economic and technological benefits of cloud computing. Lastly, we will study cloud storage concepts like data distribution, durability, consistency, and redundancy. Registration Prerequisites: CS upper div, CompE upper div., EE upper div., EE grad, ITI upper div., Univ. honors student, or dept. permission; no cr for grads in CSci. Complete the following Google form to request a permission number from the instructor ( https://forms.gle/6BvbUwEkBK41tPJ17 ).

CSCI 5980/8980

Machine learning for healthcare: concepts and applications.

Meeting Time: 11:15 AM‑12:30 PM TTh Instructor: Yogatheesan Varatharajah Course Description: Machine Learning is transforming healthcare. This course will introduce students to a range of healthcare problems that can be tackled using machine learning, different health data modalities, relevant machine learning paradigms, and the unique challenges presented by healthcare applications. Applications we will cover include risk stratification, disease progression modeling, precision medicine, diagnosis, prognosis, subtype discovery, and improving clinical workflows. We will also cover research topics such as explainability, causality, trust, robustness, and fairness.

Registration Prerequisites: CSCI 5521 or equivalent. Complete the following Google form to request a permission number from the instructor ( https://forms.gle/z8X9pVZfCWMpQQ6o6 ).

Visualization with AI

Meeting Time: 04:00 PM‑05:15 PM TTh Instructor: Qianwen Wang Course Description: This course aims to investigate how visualization techniques and AI technologies work together to enhance understanding, insights, or outcomes.

This is a seminar style course consisting of lectures, paper presentation, and interactive discussion of the selected papers. Students will also work on a group project where they propose a research idea, survey related studies, and present initial results.

This course will cover the application of visualization to better understand AI models and data, and the use of AI to improve visualization processes. Readings for the course cover papers from the top venues of AI, Visualization, and HCI, topics including AI explainability, reliability, and Human-AI collaboration. This course is designed for PhD students, Masters students, and advanced undergraduates who want to dig into research.

Registration Prerequisites: Complete the following Google form to request a permission number from the instructor ( https://forms.gle/YTF5EZFUbQRJhHBYA ). Although the class is primarily intended for PhD students, motivated juniors/seniors and MS students who are interested in this topic are welcome to apply, ensuring they detail their qualifications for the course.

Visualizations for Intelligent AR Systems

Meeting Time: 04:00 PM‑05:15 PM MW Instructor: Zhu-Tian Chen Course Description: This course aims to explore the role of Data Visualization as a pivotal interface for enhancing human-data and human-AI interactions within Augmented Reality (AR) systems, thereby transforming a broad spectrum of activities in both professional and daily contexts. Structured as a seminar, the course consists of two main components: the theoretical and conceptual foundations delivered through lectures, paper readings, and discussions; and the hands-on experience gained through small assignments and group projects. This class is designed to be highly interactive, and AR devices will be provided to facilitate hands-on learning. Participants will have the opportunity to experience AR systems, develop cutting-edge AR interfaces, explore AI integration, and apply human-centric design principles. The course is designed to advance students' technical skills in AR and AI, as well as their understanding of how these technologies can be leveraged to enrich human experiences across various domains. Students will be encouraged to create innovative projects with the potential for submission to research conferences.

Registration Prerequisites: Complete the following Google form to request a permission number from the instructor ( https://forms.gle/Y81FGaJivoqMQYtq5 ). Students are expected to have a solid foundation in either data visualization, computer graphics, computer vision, or HCI. Having expertise in all would be perfect! However, a robust interest and eagerness to delve into these subjects can be equally valuable, even though it means you need to learn some basic concepts independently.

Sustainable Computing: A Systems View

Meeting Time: 09:45 AM‑11:00 AM Instructor: Abhishek Chandra Course Description: In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the pervasiveness, scale, and distribution of computing infrastructure: ranging from cloud, HPC systems, and data centers to edge computing and pervasive computing in the form of micro-data centers, mobile phones, sensors, and IoT devices embedded in the environment around us. The growing amount of computing, storage, and networking demand leads to increased energy usage, carbon emissions, and natural resource consumption. To reduce their environmental impact, there is a growing need to make computing systems sustainable. In this course, we will examine sustainable computing from a systems perspective. We will examine a number of questions: • How can we design and build sustainable computing systems? • How can we manage resources efficiently? • What system software and algorithms can reduce computational needs? Topics of interest would include: • Sustainable system design and architectures • Sustainability-aware systems software and management • Sustainability in large-scale distributed computing (clouds, data centers, HPC) • Sustainability in dispersed computing (edge, mobile computing, sensors/IoT)

Registration Prerequisites: This course is targeted towards students with a strong interest in computer systems (Operating Systems, Distributed Systems, Networking, Databases, etc.). Background in Operating Systems (Equivalent of CSCI 5103) and basic understanding of Computer Networking (Equivalent of CSCI 4211) is required.

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S MS-OFFICE. • Data Base (Word, Excel, management Access),Payroll, software Sales...etc (DBMS) System • Access software control is a collection of computer. T programs • Tape and used disk in design, management processing systems. E and • Program control of library application management packages systems.
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By: S. Sabraz Nawaz, Lecturer in MIT. 6 Operating System A set of system programs that controls and coordinates the activities of the computer's hardware and application. The platform on which the application software operates DOS (Disk Operating System), Windows 3.x, Windows 95, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Mac OS ...
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Software (4).ppt
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Template 1: Software Project Management Template PPT. This software project management PPT Template will help you streamline and manage the process of a software development project. You can use it to provide an overview of the project, outlining the tasks that need to be completed and the required resources.
Notes from Champ Software Presentation-2 (docx)
Information-systems document from Minnesota State University, Mankato, 2 pages, Notes from Champ Software Presentation: Overview: Presenters: David Smith, Nicole Sowers, Scott Randall Company: Champ Software Product: Nightingale Notes (EHR software) Focus: Public health sector Key Points: Champ Software Background: Founded
Fall 2024 CSCI Special Topics Courses
Topics of interest would include: • Sustainable system design and architectures • Sustainability-aware systems software and management • Sustainability in large-scale distributed computing (clouds, data centers, HPC) • Sustainability in dispersed computing (edge, mobile computing, sensors/IoT)Registration Prerequisites: This course is ...
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System Software

What is System Software?

Examples of System Software

Why use System Software?

Features of System Software

1. Operating System

Important Tasks Performed by the Operating System

2. Programming Language Translator

3. Device Drivers

4. Firmware

5. Utility Software

Uses of System Software

Issues in System Software

Advantages of System Software

Disadvantages of System Software

Difference between System Software and Application Software

System Software – FAQs

2. What is the use of system software in resource management?

3. What are examples of system software?

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System/Software Testing

System software

Overview: Software System Architecture Software System Test

System Monitoring Software

Payroll Software System

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

OptIPuter System Software

payroll system software

Information System Software

Top 10 Software Project Management Templates with Samples and Examples