hektoen international essay contest 2022

Hektoen Institute 2021-2022 Grand Prix Essay Competition

Published: 15 Jul 2021 1,897 views

Apply for Hektoen Grand Prix Essay Competition 2021.Heckton International invites you to participate in the 2021 Hektoen Grand Prix Essay Competition in honor of Hektoen Institute Board member Mrs.Hella Mannheimer(1924-2020)

Topics might include art, history, literature, education, etc. as they relate to medicine. In order to ensure the receipt of a wide variety of articles, we have decided to exclude those dealing with COVID 19 from this contest. We have many articles on medical history, so please search for your topic to see if it has been extensively covered before submitting an article.Essays should be under 1,500 words. 

Hektoen Institute Grand Prix Essay Competition

Benefits of hektoen institute grand prix essay competition, requirements for hektoen institute grand prix essay competition, application documents, application deadline, how to apply.

Two prizes will be awarded: $5,000 for the winner and $2,500 for the runner-up

• Submission of an article implies consent to publish in  Hektoen International.  If accepted for publication, an article may be published at any time regardless of the outcome of the competition. If major edits are made, proofs will be sent to the authors before publication.
• The contest is open to participants 18 years or older.
• For multiple author articles, only one person should submit the entry and communicate with the editors.
• Entries should be no longer than 1,500 words and  must  follow our article guidelines, including a cover page and proper formatting of both text and illustrations. Incomplete submissions will be deemed ineligible for submission.
• Articles may include images. If you provide an image, please review the guidelines in the Illustrations section below.
• Contest submissions should be sent to  [email protected]   or submitted using our form by September 15, 2021, at 12 pm (Noon) CST. Late submissions will not be considered.
• Submissions will be read by the editors and contest judges for  Hektoen International . The editors of the journal will recommend submissions and edits for publication and contest judges will read the original submission presented by the author.
• The winners of the contest will be announced by email in 2021 and winning articles will be published in a 2021 issue of  Hektoen International.
• Participants should certify that their work is original and that they have copyright ownership and permission to use any images submitted.
• Author(s) names, titles/degrees, professional affiliation, and location (as you would like it listed in the journal)
• A biography no longer than 100 words
• The author’s contact information
• The title and page numbers in the document header
• The full text of the article in Times New Roman, size 12, and double-spaced. Please format in Chicago style (chicagomanualofstyle.org) or AMA style (www.amamanualofstyle.com)
• References for quoted and cited material formatted according to the Chicago Manual of Style or AMA Manual of Style, with the endnotes in numerical order.

Please send inquiries to  [email protected] .

For more details,visit Hektoen Institute website

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Even though Hektoen has evolved over the years, it still maintains a commitment to furthering medical/health education as a resource, collaborator and sponsor.  Below are examples of Hektoen’s current approach to education.

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American School of London (ASL). In  the spring of 2021, Dr. Sally Metzler spearheaded an educational  partnership with the American School of London (ASL). Ms. Juliana Menegakis, a junior at the ASL, was selected as the first  Hektoen International – ASL   journal intern. Her project focused on learning about the contents, mission, and operation of  the Hektoen International journal; editing an online journal; research and writing. Ms. Menegakis selected a special topic and composed Queen Juana: the mad or betrayed, an essay on Juana of Castille that was published in the History Essays section of the Journal.

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Hektoen Institute 2021-2022 Grand Prix Essay Competition, Global

•  Contest
•  15-Sep-2021
•   Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, South America
• $$  Two prizes will be awarded: $5,000 for the winner and $2,500 for the runner-up

Heckton International invites you to participate in the 2021 Hektoen Grand Prix Essay Competition in honor of Hektoen Institute Board member Mrs.Hella Mannheimer(1924-2020)

Topics might include art, history, literature, education, etc. as they relate to medicine. In order to ensure the receipt of a wide variety of articles, we have decided to exclude those dealing with COVID 19 from this contest. We have many articles on medical history, so please search for your topic to see if it has been extensively covered before submitting an article.Essays should be under 1,500 words. 

Eligibility Criteria

• Submission of an article implies consent to publish in Hektoen International. If accepted for publication, an article may be published at any time regardless of the outcome of the competition. If major edits are made, proofs will be sent to the authors before publication.
• The contest is open to participants 18 years or older.
• For multiple author articles, only one person should submit the entry and communicate with the editors.
• Entries should be no longer than 1,500 words and must follow our article guidelines, including a cover page and proper formatting of both text and illustrations. Incomplete submissions will be deemed ineligible for submission.
• Articles may include images. If you provide an image, please review the guidelines in the Illustrations section below.
• Contest submissions should be sent to [email protected] or submitted using our form by September 15, 2021, at 12 pm (Noon) CST. Late submissions will not be considered.
• Submissions will be read by the editors and contest judges for Hektoen International. The editors of the journal will recommend submissions and edits for publication and contest judges will read the original submission presented by the author.
• The winners of the contest will be announced by email in 2021 and winning articles will be published in a 2021 issue of Hektoen International.
• Participants should certify that their work is original and that they have copyright ownership and permission to use any images submitted.

Are you looking for Scholarships in 2022-2023? We are happy to help you find best matches! Plus more!

Application Process

Documents required for application.

• Author(s) names, titles/degrees, professional affiliation, and location (as you would like it listed in the journal)
• A biography no longer than 100 words
• The author’s contact information
• The title and page numbers in the document header
• The full text of the article in Times New Roman, size 12, and double-spaced. Please format in Chicago style (chicagomanualofstyle.org) or AMA style (www.amamanualofstyle.com)
• References for quoted and cited material formatted according to the Chicago Manual of Style or AMA Manual of Style, with the endnotes in numerical order.

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Hektoen International

Writing Contest by Hektoen International

This listing is scheduled for audit

We haven't reviewed these for 2024 yet, so the info may be from 2023. Please double check information on the contest’s website

if you are an editor for this contest , you can claim the listing here

• Response time: -
• Prizes: $3500, $2500
• Fee: UNCONFIRMED
• Last run: 2023
• Reading blind: -

Nonfiction - 1200 words max

Max words: 1

Max words: 1200

Additional info

Must be: Currently enrolled in medical school or can verify your acceptance into medical school, Currently serving as a medical intern or resident, or Currently serving as a fellow to pursue a medical specialty.

Submission calls

Students currently enrolled in a medical school or program are encouraged to submit to Hektoen International’s 2022 Medical Student Essay Contest.

Hektoen International, the Online Journal of Medical Humanities, Essay Competition (Prizes: $3800 + Publication)

Hektoen International , the online journal of medical humanities, has called for submissions for its essay contest on the theme for the essay contest is “Blood”. The winner of the prize will receive $3000 and a runner-up will receive $800.

According to their contest page: “We will consider essays on pioneers in hematology (such as Herrick, Minot, Murphy, Whipple, or Landsteiner), the history of venesection, barber surgeons, the use of leeches, and vampires; as well as historical aspects of blood transfusion, artificial blood, blood groups, blood preservation and blood banks, blood in surgery, blood diseases (such as pernicious anemia, sickle-cell disease, thalassemia, leukemias, and hemophilia), and the history and work of the Red Cross.”

The contest is open until January 15, 2020.

Who is Eligible to Apply?

• Entrants could be from anywhere in the world.
• Entrants must be 18 years or older.
• There is no entry fee.

How to Apply

• Submit an essay that is no longer than 1600 words on the theme of Blood .
• Articles must be unpublished, original work that relates medicine to the humanities.
• The essay must include at least one image.
• The article and images must follow the journal’s guidelines. The submission must also include a cover page and proper formatting of both text and images.
• Contest submissions must be sent to  [email protected]   by Wednesday, January 15, 2020, at 12 pm Central Time. NOTE that any submission sent after this time won’t be read.
• Submissions will be read by the editors and contest judges for  Hektoen International . The editors will also recommend some essays for publication in the journal. (Submission of an article implies consent to publish in  Hektoen International.)
• All applicants will be notified of the winning articles, which will be published on the front page of the Winter 2019 issue of  Hektoen International.
• Participants MUST certify that their work is original and that they have copyright ownership and permission to use any images submitted.
• Please send inquiries to  c [email protected] .
• The deadline is Wednesday, January 15, 2020.

Winner: $3000 and publication.

Runner-up: $800 and publication.

Some other essays will also be selected for publication in Hektoen International .

Best of luck.

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ICPC World Finals Moscow 2021 Information

Final Release as of 19 August 2021 Update

About the ICPC World Finals Moscow 2021

The 44th Annual World Finals of the ICPC International Collegiate Programming Contest (ICPC Moscow 2021) is coming to Moscow, October 1-6, 2021, in Manege , hosted by Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology ( MIPT ). Known as the ICPC World Finals Moscow 2021 or simply ICPC Moscow 2021 , the competition is the championship round of regional competition bringing together 58,963 talented university students from 3,406 universities in 104 countries on 6 continents.

These World Finalists, the top 2% advancing from the ICPC Regionals, are among the best of the best future software engineers, computer scientists, developers, and founders of the mission-critical digital services essential to serve the needs of today’s communities across the globe.

The ICPC operates under the auspices of the ICPC Foundation and is headquartered at Baylor University . Since 1970, the ICPC has been sponsored by the UPE International Honor Society .

About the ICPC World Finals Championship 2021

The ICPC World Finals Championship is the signature competition at the ICPC World Finals. Teams of three university students vie to solve the most problems in the least time from a set of problems of different levels of difficulty in a gruelling competition. The Championship determines bragging rights for top collegiate algorithmic problem solvers from universities that span the globe.

The competition is in two Divisions: Championship and Invitational. Championship teams compete onsite on the traditional “level playing field” for five hours. The Invitational “level playing field” permits teams with offsite team members and access to limited Internet resources. The Invitational is conducted for three hours. Competition will begin on October 4, 2021, at 16:00 Moscow Time.

Once a competition begins, the scoreboard tracks all of the submissions of teams. Upon the conclusion of competition, the Judges qualify teams for honors by confirming that teams met all qualification requirements throughout the competition including attendance and participation at all required events. Honors are awarded within Division: High Honors (top 25%), Honors (top 50%), and Honorable Mention.

The Judges verify that top teams in the Invitational Division met a set of requirements that assures that the results are accurate and that the teams competed within the rules on a level playing field. The Judges then determine and award the Invitational Awards: Invitational Medals and UPE Honor Society First-to-Solve Awards.

The Judges certify that top teams in the Championship Division met a set of stringent requirements that assures that the results are correct and that the teams competed within the rules on the traditional level playing field. These certified teams are eligible for ranking and for the Championship Awards: ICPC World Champion, ICPC Medalists (Gold, Silver, and Bronze), and the UPE Honor Society First-to-Solve Awards.

All awards and honors will be presented at the ICPC Awards Ceremony on October 5, 2021.

About ICPC Moscow 2021 Events

Many participants chose to arrive several days early to acclimatize. Registration and the ICPC Welcome are October 1, 2021. Events continue with the Tech Showcase and walking tours within the Kremlin and Red Square district, leading to the Invitationaling Ceremony in Zaryadye Concert Hall on October 3. The ICPC World Finals Championship will be held at the Manege in Moscow, Russia, on October 4, 2021, starting at 16:00 Moscow Time. The competition caps a full day of activities including the Dress Rehearsal, Practice Contest, and Judges’ Briefing. The following day, we will have the ICPC Challenge and Awards Ceremony concluding on October 5, 2021.

Hosted by Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, MIPT is making it easy to participate in Moscow. All participants will receive rapid, easy, no cost, contact-free visa processing as part of registration.

Our goal is for participants to experience the majesty of Moscow and the thrill of the World Finals with the same or higher level of comfort and safety that they experience at their home campuses. Our health protection protocol for ICPC events is based on the success of the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum conducted in June 2021 that meets all health regulations and recommendations by WHO. We are collecting special requirements from each participating university to ensure that each participant may be able to follow the home university’s health protocols while in Moscow.

About ICPC Moscow 2021 Safety Measures

To maximize safety for others, participants need to be fully vaccinated before arrival and be preparedto provide documentation. MIPT will be glad to assist in requesting that your local authorities provide rapid access to vaccines. Exceptions may be granted for health or other reasons.

MIPT will provide ample access to preventive health supplies at registration, hotel, and events. MIPT will provide PCR testing on arrival and during your stay with your ICPC Name Tag digitally linked to the results. MIPT will provide assistance and insurance for participants and invited guests to cover any costs associated with emergencymedical treatment or required quarantine at your hotel in Moscow.

Access to ICPC events is gained through rapid checkpoints that require only your mask, a normal temperature scan, and scanning your ICPC name tag to confirm your negative PCR result. In this way, you will know that the people at the event have a valid negative PCR test.

Planning for the ICPC Moscow 2021

Think Fault Tolerant. Teams are encouraged to set up a practice facility that might qualify for offsite team member participation. That provides practice with a workstation similar to that at the World Finals and provides for an alternative for competing for honors in the event that unforeseen circumstances prevent travel.

Participants are encouraged to purchase refundable tickets and/or trip insurance, travel medical insurance,and consider planning for quarantine upon return. Your university may offer or recommend options. It is a matter of being prepared and then focusing full attention on the ICPC World Finals.

In Moscow, participants will be the honored guests of MIPT, the City of Moscow, and the Ministries of the Russian Federation. Using digital technology, coordinated organization, and goodwill, MIPT looks forward to welcoming participants to the ICPC World Finals at the airport. And, should circumstances prevent meeting you in Moscow, ICPC is preparing to bring digital ICPC Moscow 2021 to you. We look forward to welcoming participants to Moscowat the 44th Annual ICPC World Finals Championship, ringing in the dawn of the Digital Millennium.

About ICPC Moscow 2021 Sponsors and Host Partners

JetBrains , the ICPC Global Programming Tools Sponsor, provides its globally-recognized tools and global support for the World Finals and ICPC programs worldwide.

As ICPC Diamond World Finals Sponsor, Huawei will provide The ICPC World Finals Challenge, an event that explores the challenges of emerging technology.

They will be joined in the ICPC Tech Showcase by ICPCGold Sponsors, IBM Quantum , AWS Educate , and Deviation Games , who offered ICPC Challenges and Regional Support, together with ICPC Program Sponsors, Endure Capital and Two Sigma , who provided critical support for ICPC regional competition.

MIPT has assembled a great cast of host partners that will ensure that the ICPC World Finals Moscow will be extraordinary. MegaFon serves as Digital Partner. 1C Company serves as Official Partner. Strategic partners and sponsors are Raiffeisenbank Russia , VTB Bank and Russian Post JSC. Technical Partner is Yandex , and the Partners are JSCo “ Russian Railways ” and JSC “ Post Bank ”. All provide support and critical infrastructure. Visit them at the ICPC Tech Showcase, October 2-3.

Moscow City, together with the Ministry of Digital Development, Media and Mass communications, Presidential Grant Foundation, Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the Foreign Ministry are working together to provide the community support critical to the success of the ICPC World Finals Moscow.

Binding together the strengths of academia, industry, and community, we will host ICPC Moscow 2021 for this next generation of top talent as they gear up to take on the challenge of building engines of prosperity and platforms that will help life blossom in the dawn of the Digital Millennium.

Moscow, Russia – Architectural Splendor at the Heart of Eurasia

Moscow, Russia – Most Populated Cities in the World

Moscow, the capital city of Russia, stands as an architectural testament to the country’s rich history and cultural legacy. This article explores the architectural landscape of Moscow, uncovering its unique blend of historical monuments, Soviet-era structures, and contemporary designs that define this vibrant metropolis.

Population Dynamics of Moscow

From medieval roots to megacity.

Moscow, with a population exceeding 12 million, has evolved from its medieval roots into a bustling megacity. The city’s demographic dynamism reflects its historical significance as a political, economic, and cultural center. Moscow’s urban growth presents challenges and opportunities for architects and urban planners, requiring a delicate balance between preservation and modernization.

Architectural Diversity in Moscow

Kremlin, red square, and the modern skyline.

Moscow’s architectural diversity is a harmonious blend of historical landmarks and contemporary structures. The iconic Kremlin, with its cathedrals and palaces, dominates the cityscape, while the neighboring Red Square provides a historical focal point. Beyond the historical core, Moscow’s skyline is adorned with modern skyscrapers like the Moscow International Business Center, symbolizing the city’s economic and architectural evolution.

Sustainable Architecture Initiatives

Green innovations amidst urban density.

As Moscow confronts environmental challenges and urban density, architects have championed sustainable solutions. Green building practices, energy-efficient designs, and eco-friendly materials are integral to Moscow’s architectural discourse. The city’s commitment to sustainability is evident in projects like Zaryadye Park, a green oasis in the heart of the city.

Urban Planning and Zoning Strategies

Preserving heritage amidst modernization.

Moscow’s urban planning endeavors to preserve its historical heritage while accommodating modern developments. The preservation of architectural gems like St. Basil’s Cathedral and the Pushkin Museum coexists with contemporary urban projects such as the Moscow City residential complexes. Urban planners in Moscow face the challenge of balancing the demands of a growing population with the need to protect the city’s cultural legacy.

Resilience in the Face of Urban Challenges

Adaptable architecture for harsh climates.

Moscow’s architectural resilience is tested by the city’s harsh climate and urban challenges. Architects prioritize designs that can withstand extreme temperatures and adapt to the evolving urban landscape. The use of durable materials and innovative construction techniques showcases Moscow’s commitment to architectural adaptability.

Technological Integration in Moscow’s Architecture

Smart city initiatives and futuristic designs.

Moscow’s architectural landscape seamlessly integrates cutting-edge technology for enhanced urban living. Smart city initiatives, digital infrastructure, and futuristic designs like the Moscow Central Diameters (MCD) showcase the city’s commitment to technological innovation. Moscow positions itself as a global hub for modern architectural practices, leveraging technology to improve efficiency and sustainability.

Architectural Icons of Moscow

Kremlin and red square.

The Kremlin and Red Square, UNESCO World Heritage Sites, symbolize Moscow’s historical and political significance. The architectural ensemble, including the iconic St. Basil’s Cathedral and the State Historical Museum, reflects Russia’s cultural and religious heritage.

Moscow International Business Center (Moscow City)

Moscow City, with its futuristic skyscrapers, represents the city’s economic prowess and modern aesthetic. The complex includes iconic structures like the Federation Tower and Mercury City Tower, showcasing Moscow’s status as a global financial and architectural hub.

Moscow’s Future Architectural Landscape

As Moscow continues to evolve, the city’s architectural landscape is poised for further transformation. Urban planners and architects are exploring innovative solutions to accommodate the growing population while preserving the city’s unique identity. Moscow’s commitment to sustainable practices, technological integration, and resilient design will shape its architectural future.

In conclusion, Moscow, Russia, stands as a city where architectural marvels narrate the story of a nation’s history and progress. From medieval fortifications to contemporary skyscrapers, Moscow’s architectural landscape is a testament to its resilience and adaptability. As the city looks toward the future, its architectural canvas promises to be a captivating blend of tradition, modernity, and technological innovation at the heart of Eurasia.

Rethinking The Future (RTF) is a Global Platform for Architecture and Design. RTF through more than 100 countries around the world provides an interactive platform of highest standard acknowledging the projects among creative and influential industry professionals.

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The Great War and the other war

Maryline Alhajj Beirut, Lebanon

The reverberations of October 29, 1914 would carry throughout the lands of the Ottoman Empire and serve as an ominous premonition of disastrous years to come. On that day, following a surprise attack on Russia’s Black Sea coast, 1 the Empire entered World War I. It was the beginning of the end, as the four long years of the Great War would eventually prove fatal for the already weakened “Sick Man of Europe” (as was then the nickname of the crumbling Empire). 2 The Sick Man would labor desperately through his final, ragged breaths before being put to rest in defeat and collapse. 3 For the Empire’s occupied nations, the war was far from painless, and it left behind a gaping wound that has not fully healed.

Far removed from the bloody and gruesome battlefront is the often forgotten reality of the Ottoman home front. In Lebanon particularly, the Great War was a demographic and economic catastrophe. It is estimated that more people died in Greater Syria during the war than anywhere else in the world, as a proportion of the total population. 4 This occurred because of an almost apocalyptic convergence of factors that caused an onslaught of tragedy and misfortune. Some of these factors include forced mass conscriptions, an influx of refugees, an economic siege, and a locust invasion “in biblical swathes” – leaving more than 200,000 dead in the region. 5

But perhaps the aspect that dominates the Lebanese people’s perception of the war is widespread famine. Its repercussions were so severe that for generations to come, the Great War would come to be known as the “War of Famine” (or ḥarb al-majā’ah). 6 Starving and desperate, people resorted to eating grass and leaves. After the locust invasion effectively eliminated that option, they moved on to the carcasses of dead animals. 7 Most horrific of all, there have even been reports of cannibalism, of parents eating their own children. 8

There was also another war, one against disease. This is what French official George Cahen referred to as the “Other War” or “l’autre guerre.” The challenge was to respond to and contain the growing menace of epidemics such as cholera, plague, malaria, and typhus. 9

“So here is the complete triad: pest, famine, and war,” stated Louis Cheikho, a Jesuit priest and one of Beirut’s leading intellectuals at the time. 10 Indeed, the long war and rampant famine that gripped the Ottoman Empire created the perfect breeding ground for the spread of infection and disease. With multiple epidemic outbreaks, Beirut and Mount Lebanon faced a four-year medical emergency. 11

This already precarious situation was exacerbated by the Ottoman War Ministry mandating that all civilian doctors, pharmacists, and dentists in good health could be conscripted for health services to the military. 12 Even medical and pharmaceutical students were recruited into the army. 13 Bayard Dodge, American scholar of Islam and then-president of the American University

in Beirut, reported that cases of malaria had spun out of control in the mountain districts because “all of the doctors had gone off to serve in the military hospitals.” 14

In the midst of this humanitarian crisis came an unexpected beacon of hope: an initiative by the Lebanese public health sector to fight the Other War. Several plans of attack were laid out, the execution of which created a surprisingly successful, well-oiled machine that came as a breath of fresh air in a scorching desert of despair.

To begin with, the physicians who were exempt from conscription prolonged their work hours and often held office hours in different locations. Also, municipalities imposed mandatory hours of weekly volunteer work for all practicing physicians. 15

There was also an urgent need to educate people about disease types, prevention, symptoms, natural history, modes of transmission, and infectivity. For this purpose, health officials initiated an education campaign to mold what anthropologist Charles Briggs called a “sanitary citizen.” Ideally, such a citizen placed the well-being of the community ahead of personal needs and recognized the importance of isolation and quarantine when needed. 16 The health commission also pushed for the publication of “advice” pieces devoid of medical jargon in local journals. These strategies were relatively successful, 17 as there was a notable decrease in typhus cases following a terrible outbreak in the years 1916 and 1917. Hūsni Bey, a high-ranking Ottoman official tasked with overseeing the region, attributed this to increased civilian awareness and improved precautionary measures. 18

The next step was to establish a public health administration. The hierarchical organization assigned division of labor and delineated responsibilities for members. Military personnel were also mobilized to aid in the fight, reinforcing lockdown and quarantine measures. This can be viewed as a militarization of public health, which allowed an unprecedented intervention of municipal and military authority into the daily lives of civilians. 19

By the fall of 1915, the coordination of efforts was proving to be impressive. One example is the well-documented story of Ahmed Dandan and his family, who had been found to be infected with plague. Appropriate measures were taken almost immediately to quarantine their home city of Antelias, with the public health administration operating like a highly organized beehive to effectively contain the threat. 20

Owing to the combined efforts of the Ottoman State, the local medical community, and the military, a war-torn Lebanon was able to rise against adversity and begin to build the secure foundations of its contemporary healthcare system. The Lebanese people and medical community fought tirelessly to establish this safe and reliable footing, urgently responding to a devastating humanitarian crisis.

The Great War eventually ended with the demise of the Sick Man of Europe. The “Healthier Man of Lebanon,” much like a phoenix recreating itself from the ashes of a difficult trial of fire, today proudly soars towards its future and gratefully remembers its past.

• “Ottoman Empire Enters the First World War,” New Zealand History, accessed August 28, 2021, https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/ottoman-empire/enters-the-war.
• “Lawrence of Arabia . Emerging Middle East . OTTOMAN: Sick Man of Europe,” PBS (Public Broadcasting Service), accessed August 28, 2021, https://www.pbs.org/lawrenceofarabia/features/non_flash/ottoman1.html.
• “Ottoman Empire at War,” New Zealand History, accessed August 28, 2021, https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/ottoman-empire/at-war.
• “WW1: The Famine of Mount Lebanon,” BBC News (BBC), accessed August 28, 2021, https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-29719542.
• “Six Unexpected Ww1 Battlegrounds,” BBC News (BBC, November 26, 2014), https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30098000.
• Melanie Tanielian, “The War of Famine: Everyday Life in Wartime Beirut and Mount Lebanon (1914-1918),” Escholarship (UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2012), https://escholarship.org/content/qt4bs8383d/qt4bs8383d.pdf?t=odydiy.
• Catherine Rollet, “The ‘Other War’ I: Protecting Public Health,’ in Capital Cities at War,” in Capital Cities at War (Jay Winter, University of Cambridge, Jean-Louis Robert, 1997), p. 142.
• Louis Cheikho, in Diary of Father Loius Cheikho, p. 149.
• Ittiḥād Al-‘Uthmānī, November 20, 1914, (Beirut: American University of Beirut).
• “Letter from Howard Bliss to Minister of Education Shukri Bey Dated June 29, 1916,” in Bliss Collection (Beirut: American University of Beirut).
• “Report of the Soup Kitchens in ‘Abeih and Souk al-Gharb,” in Bliss Collection (Beirut: American University of Beirut).
• Ittiḥād Al-‘Uthmānī, February 27, 1915, (Beirut: American University of Beirut).
• Briggs, “Why Nation-States and Journalists Can’t Tell People to be Healthy.”
• Ittiḥād Al-‘Uthmānī, March 15, 1915, (Beirut: American University of Beirut).
• Ittiḥād Al-‘Uthmānī, October 6, 1915, (Beirut: American University of Beirut).

MARYLINE ALHAJJ , B.S in Biology, is a medical student and researcher at the Lebanese American University in Beirut, Lebanon. She aspires to be at the forefront of various contributions to healthcare research and practice, and to improve understanding and accessibility of medical advances to the public eye. She is a published author, with projects on COVID-19, inflammation, diabetes, and trauma response, especially following crises such as the 2020 Beirut explosion.

First prize winner of the Glory of Lebanon Contest, in collaboration with the Lebanese American University Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine

Winter 2022  |   Sections   |   Asia

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