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Feminist Thesis Topics: 10+ Great Ideas to learn and write about gender thesis topics

Those who believe that women should have the same opportunities and rights as men are the main focus of feminist research topics. Women advocate feminism as a historical, social, and political movement that aims to achieve gender equality and end prejudice. Feminism has been a serious topic of discussion since the 19th century in a culture where men predominate. But in recent years, the feminist community has been more vocal and feminist ideas have grown in popularity.

Many discussions and debates on feminist topics are currently taking place as a result of the fact that millions of people worldwide support feminist movements while a small number of groups criticize them. Feminism is not a topic to be taken lightly; certain educational institutions provide a variety of academic subjects that cover feminist sociology, feminist psychology, and feminist ideologies. Students enrolled in gender studies or other courses linked to feminism are frequently required to produce a research paper on feminism or generate gender studies thesis topics and feminism research paper topics in order to comprehend the numerous perspectives of feminism.

Do you wish to conduct feminist research for your thesis? Are you looking for the top gender thesis topics, and feminism thesis topics? Get insightful suggestions for feminism research topics, gender studies thesis topics, or research topics and you can also read English Literature thesis topics for taking help on feminism in literature by reading this blog post until the end.

People can be great logical thinkers by developing reading and writing skills and can work on improving the lives of people. If your interest has already persuaded you to choose this as your major, then your passion will help you succeed.

Prior to beginning a research paper, you must have an in-depth understanding of the subject. You should start by selecting an interesting topic for your thesis to draw the reader’s attention if you want to get a good mark. A solid topic will serve as the basis for your thesis and give you the direction you need to proceed. Follow the mentioned feminist thesis ideas guidelines to pick a solid study topic to impress your professors within your thesis.

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How to Select the Best Research Topic:

It’s crucial to think about your topic preferences before starting the list. Picking a topic that interests you or at least piques your curiosity is definitely suggested because it will make your research process easier. Check out the guidelines below on how to select and narrow a topic.

Selection of Topic and Brainstorming

Make a list of all the potential themes for your feminist research paper topics or gender studies thesis topics in the beginning after conducting a brainstorming session. Find out what will most fascinate the audience by keeping up with the most recent news and trends. Some subjects might even be debatable, but you can list them for further analyse. The most crucial thing is to pick a topic you are passionate about so that the entire process seems enjoyable. From the list, pick the one you believe is the most appropriate case. Be specific and do your homework. Narrow your topic so that you may move forward with confidence. Make sure your topic is distinct and original to keep the audience interested in your thesis. Do a thorough investigation into the subject you plan to write about. Get up-to-date information about your subject by browsing the internet, the newspaper, and books. To create an educational thesis for your programme, pick your topic carefully.

Construct a question out of your topic. Once you’ve decided on a subject, frame a question out of it. It will be simpler for you to conduct research on the topic if you define it as a question. The subject will also aid you in realising the solutions you want. Browse the following list of feminist research topics to learn more about. We cover a lot of ground, so feel free to utilise our subjects as-is or modify them to suit your preferences.

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Take a look at the list and pick a strong feminist research topic of your choice.

Fascinating Feminist Research Topics

The role of mass media helps in the understanding of feminism globally

Aim and objectives.

The basic aim of this study is to investigate the role of mass media in the understanding of feminism globally.

• To investigate the role of mass media in the understanding of feminism globally.
• To investigate the positive and negative impact of social media in shaping public opinion about feminism.
• To explore how images and messages conveyed by the media can have a profound impact on people’s attitudes and beliefs about women and their roles in society.
• To investigate the role of mass media in shaping public opinion about feminism and gender relation.

An overview of Feminism and its different classifications

The basic aim of this topic is to discuss feminism and its alternatives and the other objectives of this study are mentioned below.

• To investigate the origin and different types of feminism.
• To eliminate gender discrimination from society.
• To eliminate the oppression of women from society.
• To promote gender equality in society.

Different Waves of feminism: A blessing for humanity

The basic aim of this study is to show the significant events in the number of waves. Some other objectives of this study are as follows

• To investigate the abundant results of feminism
• To explore the significant benefits of the global culture after the remarkable growth of feminism
• To explore the role of online social media in the feminism of the twentieth century

The modern world and the major challenges to feminist activists

The main aim of this research study is to investigate the main challenges that feminism faces in the modern world.

• To investigate the factors that create major challenges for feminism.
• To explore strategies that can help to cope with the obstacles that feminists face.
• To explore the tactics, adopted by feminist activists to cope with the major challenges that they face in the modern world.

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To explore the relationship between feminism and lesbianism

The aim of this current research paper is to investigate the relationship between lesbian feminism and feminism and the other core objectives include:

• To explore the historical perspectives of lesbian feminism.
• To explore the current possibilities of lesbianism.
• To investigate how lesbians can be feminist allies and play an important role in the movement towards gender equality.

An examination of feminist action on social media groups using Twitter as a tool for social movements

• This study aims to comprehend how social media users used Twitter to convey traumatic sexual assault experiences
• This study also aims to seek out the reasons why victims choose not to reveal their experiences as well as how users joined the online activism movement
• This research also attempts to find out how sexual assault-related tweets might help a social movement against the crime of sexual assault by raising awareness and encouraging appropriate behaviour.

Domestic violence: theoretical perspectives of feminism approach

The core aim of this research paper is to explore various theoretical perspectives of feminist approaches that have been developed by many scholars to understand domestic violence. The other objectives of this study include:

• To investigate the different issues that are related to domestic violence.
• To investigate the factors that contribute to increasing domestic violence in society.
• To investigate how the feminist movement, helps people to cope with the issues related to domestic violence
• To explore the different theoretical perspectives of feminism approached regarding domestic violence.,
• To recommend strategies to overcome the issues and challenges related to domestic violence.

Women entrepreneurs in the corporate sector

The basic aim of this current research paper is to find out the major challenges faced by entrepreneur women in the corporate sector. The other aims that this study seeks to find out include:

• To explore the different features of entrepreneurs’ women.
• To analyse the different opportunities for women’s entrepreneurship.
• To recommend strategies for entrepreneur women to cope with the challenges that they face in the corporate sector.

The societal impact of the feminism movement

This study aims to explore the impact of feminism on society. The other major objectives of this current research paper are listed below.

• To analyse the challenges faced by the feminist movement occur due to societal impact
• To find out the possible solutions that assist in overcoming the challenges faced by the feminist movement.
• To recommend useful strategies that can help the feminist movement to overcome the challenges that occur due to societal impact.

Relationship between feminism and sports

The aim of this research paper is to explore the relationship between feminism and sports. The other main objectives are mentioned below.

• To explore the theory of feminism in sports.
• To investigate the relationship between gender and sports.
• To analyse the importance of the representation of women in sports.
• To find out how women face discrimination in sports.
• To examine the role of sports in promoting gender equality.

How does feminism impact the fashion and lifestyle of the modern world?

The aim of this research article is to find out the impact of feminism on the modern world’s fashion and lifestyle. The other key objectives are listed below.

• To explore the role of feminism in the modern world.
• To investigate the positive impact of feminism on fashion and lifestyle of the modern world.
• To find out the negative effects of feminism on fashion and lifestyle of the modern world.

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Is the feminist movement all about the dominance of men?

The aim of this study is to find out if the feminist movement is all about the dominance of men or not. The other main key objectives of this current research study include:

• To investigate the role of men in the movement of feminism.
• To explore how the theory of feminism applies to men.

The key factors of motivation in the history of feminism

The aim of this research article is to investigate the key factors of motivation across the history of feminism. The other aims are mentioned below.

• To explore the basic motives of the feminist movement.
• To find out why it is necessary to understand the history of feminism.
• To analyse the four major trends of feminism.

How did Asian women contribute to the feminist movement?

The core key aim of this current research study is to investigate the role of Asian women in the feminist movement. The other key objectives of this study are listed below.

• To investigate the main challenges that Asian women face in the feminist movement.
• To find out the useful strategies to overcome the challenges that Asian women face during the feminist movement.
• To explore the main features of Asian feminist activists.
• To analyse the role of women in the Asian society.

How do feminist organisations secure funding to spread awareness among the public?

The aim of this study is to investigate how feminist organisations secure funding to spread awareness among the public. and the other major objectives that this study seeks to find out include:

• To explore how gender, impact the economic stability of women.
• To find out how women empowerment encourages economic development.
• To analyse the contribution of feminism to the benefits of economy.

By using above mentioned interesting feminist research topics students can produce interesting research papers.

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205 Engaging Feminist Research Topics For Your Thesis

It’s not a new movement. Every active citizen of many liberal countries already knows about feminism. Women rally against the inequality that exists and request for gender equality. Men are dominant in many countries, while women are relegated to the background.

Uncovering female rights, emphasizing them, and promoting different feminist philosophies remains an essential part of academics. There is already feminist sociology, even feminist psychology, as groups of study in tertiary Institutions. That said, if you need feminism project ideas or feminism essay topics, you’ll find custom and unique ideas in this article.

What is the Feminist Thesis Statement?

It’s all about equality. Women deal with sexual harassment, repression, oppression, and other forms of social and political deprivation.

Feminism emerges as a historical, political, and social movement by women to pursue all-around equality and an end to all forms of discrimination. Feminist activists are on the rise, and their thesis statement is basically about:

Equality Preservation of woman dignity Women empowerment Women political participation

The feminism movement also engages the issue of patriarchy, sexual objectification of women, oppression, stereotyping, and other social, political, and historical challenges.

How To Write an Outline for a Feminism Research Paper

While racking your head for interesting research papers on feminism, you need to go through a few processes before outlining. They are:

• Introduction This is the first stage for any academic work. This determines if your readers will keep reading or pick another book. Your introduction must be both engaging, informative, and intriguing. It must show readers that they’re amongst your target audience. Your introduction must also have your thesis statement where your points are clearly stated. Also, you should include the feminist methodology to be employed in your research and the encompassing feminist research questions.
• Body This is where you examine each detail of what you’re writing about. The body includes the arguments and the available literature that supports such an argument. It shows all the evidence found during your research. You can examine counterarguments and give answers to them to enhance your academic reputation on the subject. Your professors know everything about what you need to write, so don’t sound dull while writing.
• Conclusion This is the last section of your paper, and it includes the summary of all arguments and your ideas. This could be followed by a call to action to provoke your readers to take bold, instructive steps.

Feminist Research Questions

While looking for feminism topics to write about, you need to decide which questions to answer. Feminism paper topics aim to answer questions like:

• What is the relevance of feminism today?
• Has the movement helped or endangered women?
• Is there a future for global Feminism?
• What is the threat of the movement to society?
• What is the anti-feminist movement, and why are people sensitive about it?

Feminist Topics For Discussion

Different feminism essay topics are increasingly challenging in the world today. You can get on an in depth conversation from these feminist paper topics:

• Examine the role of domestic violence in enhancing the feminist movement
• What is the role of women in the contemporary world of entrepreneurship?
• How has the rise of social media shaped feminism?
• What are the ways feminism defines sex and gender differences?
• How has the #MeToo movement fueled the adoption of feminism?
• Does modern feminism equal men-hatred?
• Are men a threat to feminism?
• The mass media has affected the global understanding of feminism
• Is feminism merely a relic of the history of a subject of contemporary need
• Because the Taiwanese President is a female, does that mean that a female president can emerge in America or the UK?
• How does feminism equate to human rights?
• The perspective of feminism can change as long as every woman is empowered
• How has feminism reconstructed gender roles
• Would you say feminist critics (three of your choice) are suitable with any of their perspectives?
• How can the world cope with the rise in feminist activism, agitation, and advocators
• Sexism is unrelated to feminism
• Examine the rise of domestic violence as a need promoting Feminism
• Examine the reasons why men discrimination is on the high
• Examine the relationship of feminism with sports
• Is there a presence of feminism in sport and equal Empowerment?
• How does feminism affect modern lifestyle and fashion?
• What are your thoughts about female officials in different capacities of their world?
• What are your thoughts are the lack of women political representation
• How does the lack of women’s political representation affect women’s political participation?
• Examine the possibility of a female president in America
• How does feminism contribute to traditional ideologies of gender roles
• How has feminism been used to promote Advocacy for equal rights
• Is there a particular theory on feminism
• Is feminism all about male dominance?
• Does the lack of women’s rights affect universal politics?
• What is the public response to feminism?
• The attack of feminist activists show aggression against feminists
• How have women also impeded feminist advocacy?
• Could religion be said to be a contributing factor to the present sad state of women now?
• The internet has been a driving force to achieve equality
• The feminist movement is just a platform to increase women power
• How have the environmental and feminist challenges affect national policies?
• Have other movements absorbed feminism?
• How has the feminist movement also fought for black lives matter?
• Is feminism still all-encompassing or just about women?

Feminism Project Ideas

There are numerous feminist topics to write about. Some feminist research paper topics bordering issues contemporary feminists try to uncover includes:

• The role of notable female figures who are either or not branded feminists and how they’ve shaped the world
• The activities of three feminists in advocating for women’s right
• How feminism has semblance with rebellion
• The differences between sexual role and gender role in the society
• The distinction between gender women role and the Feminist role in the society
• Examining the advantages and disadvantages of identifying as a feminist
• Assess the privileges of being a feminist in a developed country and an underdeveloped one
• Examine the future of feminism in the Taliban controlled Afghanistan
• Examine the motivating factors, across history, of feminism
• Highlight and explain how feminism has helped increase education against rape
• Feminism and government support: how government support can end all vices against women
• The detailed consideration of equity and equality in feminism
• The position of feminism in the modern world has shifted: discuss
• Examine the life, times, and the biography of any male feminist of your choice
• Examine the morality of feminism
• What is the role of American women in the feminist movement?
• What is the role of Asian women in the feminist movement?
• Rationalize the activities of African women in pursuit of gender equality
• Rationalize the role of Middle Eastern women in the call for support for gender equality
• Examine the actions of any European government in the promotion of feminist ideas
• Examine the part of any Southern American government in the preservation of women’s rights
• Examine the connection between feminism and lesbianism
• Examine the relationship between feminism and the rise of single women in America
• Assess the significance of the rise of liberal ideas over conservatism in the promotion of feminism
• Identify the future of feminism as hoodlums and violators
• Give an overview of women in combat in both Taiwan and the U.S.
• The recruitment of women in combat in Taiwan still embraces stereotypes, discuss
• Discuss how women in the U.S. military still face discrimination, sexual assault, and violence
• Discuss the means to eradicate sexual violence and discrimination in the military of any two countries of your choice
• Analyze the role of women in any US election of your choice
• Explore the topic of gender equality in Contemporary Britain
• Give an overview of the British monarchy and the reconstruction to allow female monarchs
• Examine the activities of women during the Civil Rights Movement
• Explore the gender gap in the pursuit of any country’s independence
• Examine the role of women in the Communist Revolution of Russia
• Explore the history of women rights in Europe
• Explore the work of women in the technology and automobile industries
• What are the challenges of women during the Second World War?
• Reestablish the goals and the founding beliefs of the Women’s Trade Union League
• Examine the significance of women’s rights to own property and when it started

Feminist Issues to Write About

As earlier established, there are pressing feminism topics to discuss. In any society, these topics must be considered significant to achieving gender equality:

• Examine how the internet has infused feminism into a public subject of both ridicule and pride
• Explore the theoretical challenge between gender and sex
• Examine the history of the #MeToo movement as well as the victim challenge about feminism
• Examine the stance of different feminists who are still staunch believers on Islam about Female Genital Mutilation
• Underscore the feminist methodology and means to drive home the point of feminism
• How does feminism construct, deconstruct, and reconstruct gender roles according to five literature or notable feminists/anti-feminist of your choice?
• Assess the ways through which feminists cope with societal discrimination and violence
• Examine the employability of women who identify as feminists in the US
• What is the feminist critics’ position in the face of global gender inequality?
• What are the leading women’s rights violations in the world today?
• Why is the feminist movement a threat to make dominance in the world today?
• Assess the connection between criminality and feminism in the radical society
• What are the means feminists employ to boycott men and other anti-feminists?
• Examine the activities of radical feminists, black feminists, white feminists, and male feminists
• How literature is used to undermine women
• How contemporary beauty standards remain an impediment to what and who is considered beautiful online and offline
• How the understanding of beauty is also a radical social and political stereotype depriving women of some inalienable rights
• Examine the gender inequality and equality in the politics of America
• Explore the gender inequality and equality in the UK government
• Examine the gender equality in the Russian government
• The benefits of men in gender discrimination
• How do fitness clubs discriminate against women?
• Rationalize clubs and drinking bars as an agent of sexually objectifying women
• Rationalize the definition of ecofeminism and everything it entails
• Examine the possibility of reconciling religion, feminism, and liberal morality
• Analyze the challenges of women in the face of violence in countries like India and Pakistan
• Analyze feminist psychology as it applies to Middle Eastern women
• Analyze the evolving feminist philosophy in the world of the academy and the real world
• How governments weaponize feminism as an agent of social mobilization leading to the death of their culture
• Examine how terrorist organizations use women as a means to achieve political goals

Feminism Research Paper Topics

If you’re interested in examining custom feminist research topics for your dissertation or long essay, consider these:

• How are feminism and fashion interwoven?
• What does cyber feminism imply, and how has it boxed feminism into a social space?
• How do feminist groups achieve financial security to educate the public?
• Critically analyze the activities of any Feminist NGO of your choice
• What is understood by the Bitch Manifesto, and what has been its significance?
• Give examples of the modern feminist manifesto, and what have they included in the feminist ideology?
• How is the feminist idea reflected in five literary texts of your choice
• Examine the distinct evolution of pro-feminists and anti-feminist movements
• What are the effects of feminism on teenagers, and how has it enhanced radicalism?
• What is the negative influence of feminism on teenagers, and how has it promoted hatred for men?
• Give a step by step guide on how to adopt feminism
• Base your writings on a satire about how to become a feminist
• Examine the role of celebrities in the feminist movement
• Would you say feminism is out for the blood of men?
• Following the imprisonment of R Kelly, what is the public stance on women’s power against celebrities in the face of the law?
• Speak to a self-branded feminist and engage their ideas of feminism
• Examine the controversial issues of feminism and give answers to questions that remain unanswered
• Analyze the books or Mona Elhatawy and exhaust her ideas of feminism in comparison with any black Feminist’s books
• Would you say black feminism is another movement?
• Examine how women from different countries in the world have carved up their understanding of feminism
• Examine how being a gentleman could be insulting to feminists
• What are the stereotypes against feminism I’m Islamic countries?
• What are the excesses of three feminist NGOs in educating people in underdeveloped areas about women’s rights?
• What are the challenges of radical feminism?
• Distinguish the responsibilities of radical feminists, anarchists, and liberal feminists
• Does been anti-racist equals being a feminist?
• Does feminism instill a matriarchal society?
• Examine Ghana feminism; a country where high regard to paid to the matriarch before further western civilization
• Examine the theories of Chimamanda Adichie’s “We Should All be Feminists” and the possibilities of men being Feminists
• Drawing from empirical evidence, rationalize if matriarchal societies would be better than patriarchal societies
• Drawing from any literary text of your choice, compare and contrast the methods used in equipping women with feminist ideologies
• Examine what provocative feminism means
• Should unisex bathrooms in bars, restaurants, and hotels be advisable in a rife world with sexual violence?
• Examine the prejudice transgender women are faced with and how the feminist movement can be a form of stereotypical liberation
• Explore the distinct types of feminism and how hairstyles are also a form of political statements.

Controversial Feminist Topics

The very nature of feminism should not be controversial, but it is. To examine a few advanced feminism topics for your essay or research paper, consider:

• An examination of Black Feminism
• The education of men and women into feminism
• The philosophy of men and women duties in the traditional society
• The history of feminism in Europe
• The gender gap in African politics
• The gender gap in American politics
• The gender gap under the Trump administration
• The sexism prevalent in Asian countries
• The challenges of men fighting for the feminist ideology
• The cognitive significance of gender equality
• The Examination of misogyny and how it affects the promotion of feminist literature and exposures
• The role of bullying in limiting female and girl self-belief
• An exploration of the distribution of toys as a means of achieving teenage sex education
• The subject of raising boys and girls differently
• Why should there be all-boys schools and all-girls schools?
• How some women oppress other women with feminist ideologies
• How can make feminism help in achieving total equality
• Is the feminist fight a women’s fight or a global fight?
• Is the feminist movement a fight against patriarchy or a war against men?
• The anarchists are extreme and may also be branded terrorists, although they’re on the theoretical level now: discuss
• Examine women’s suffrage as a significant and fundamental part of feminism
• Examine why there are limited women in both politics and business
• The controversy on “what a man can do, a woman can do better” has raised the suggestion of women being guards and bouncers; what has been the response to this?
• What are the differences between the waves of feminism as well as the results produced by each stage?
• Is feminism needed the most in an aspect of society than another?
• How does feminism preach the incorporation of men’s traditional responsibilities into women’s?
• Examine the activities of feminists in advocating against harassment and male-work domination in America
• Is total global gender equality possible in two generations to come?
• Examine the possibility of splitting up the society through feminism
• Why should everyone adopt feminism?

Feminist Argumentative Essay Topics

Feminist argumentative essays go back and forth at reasonable lengths. You can also consider these arguments for your debate:

• Feminism is another politics
• Women’s suffrage didn’t liberate women
• Girls and boys should be taught sex education differently
• The feminist movement also fuels women ego
• Girls and boys should be raised differently
• Modern men have no work fighting for women’s right
• Men can be isolated in empowerment education
• Sexism doesn’t contribute to gender discrimination
• Feminism is a fight against men, not patriarchy
• Feminism should also be a fight against women brainwashed by the patriarchy
• Domestic violence is a terror on the feminist movement
• Feminism enhance women hatred for men
• Mixed schools can also promote feminism
• It’s the teachers’ role to enhance feminism, not parents
• NGOs have limited control over feminist education
• Feminist critics are apologetics
• Feminism is mere psychology
• Religion is right; liberal morality is wrong
• Religion is an excuse for women violence
• Female Genital Mutilation is nothing but a culture
• Men’s domination was a myth until the feminist movement fueled it
• Society’s definition of beauty should define women
• Should women still be subject to men after achieving gender equality?
• Should women still obey their husbands in their marriages?
• Marriage is the limitation to women rights

Is Your Feminist Thesis Giving You Trouble?

With these topics revealed, you can create a proper and interesting paper on feminism. If, after reading this, you say words like “help with my dissertation,” there are exceptional writers who can help with researching, proofreading, and editing.

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Digital Commons @ USF > College of Arts and Sciences > Women's and Gender Studies > Theses and Dissertations

Women's and Gender Studies Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2023 2023.

Social Media and Women Empowerment in Nigeria: A Study of the #BreakTheBias Campaign on Facebook , Deborah Osaro Omontese

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

Going Flat: Challenging Gender, Stigma, and Cure through Lesbian Breast Cancer Experience , Beth Gaines

Incorrect Athlete, Incorrect Woman: IOC Gender Regulations and the Boundaries of Womanhood in Professional Sports , Sabeehah Ravat

Transnational Perspectives on the #MeToo and Anti-Base Movements in Japan , Alisha Romano

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

Criminalizing LGBTQ+ Jamaicans: Social, Legal, and Colonial Influences on Homophobic Policy , Zoe C. Knowles

Dismantling Hegemony through Inclusive Sexual Health Education , Lauren Wright

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

Transfat Representation , Jessica "Fyn" Asay

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Ain't I a Woman, Too? Depictions of Toxic Femininity, Transmisogynoir, and Violence on STAR , Sunahtah D. Jones

“The Most Muscular Woman I Have Ever Seen”: Bev FrancisPerformance of Gender in Pumping Iron II: The Women , Cera R. Shain

"Roll" Models: Fat Sexuality and Its Representations in Pornographic Imagery , Leah Marie Turner

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

Reproducing Intersex Trouble: An Analysis of the M.C. Case in the Media , Jamie M. Lane

Race and Gender in (Re)integration of Victim-Survivors of CSEC in a Community Advocacy Context , Joshlyn Lawhorn

Penalizing Pregnancy: A Feminist Legal Studies Analysis of Purvi Patel's Criminalization , Abby Schneller

A Queer and Crip Grotesque: Katherine Dunn's , Megan Wiedeman

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

"Mothers like Us Think Differently": Mothers' Negotiations of Virginity in Contemporary Turkey , Asli Aygunes

Surveilling Hate/Obscuring Racism?: Hate Group Surveillance and the Southern Poverty Law Center's "Hate Map" , Mary McKelvie

“Ya I have a disability, but that’s only one part of me”: Formative Experiences of Young Women with Physical Disabilities , Victoria Peer

Resistance from Within: Domestic violence and rape crisis centers that serve Black/African American populations , Jessica Marie Pinto

(Dis)Enchanted: (Re)constructing Love and Creating Community in the , Shannon A. Suddeth

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

"The Afro that Ate Kentucky": Appalachian Racial Formation, Lived Experience, and Intersectional Feminist Interventions , Sandra Louise Carpenter

“Even Five Years Ago this Would Have Been Impossible:” Health Care Providers’ Perspectives on Trans* Health Care , Richard S. Henry

Tough Guy, Sensitive Vas: Analyzing Masculinity, Male Contraceptives & the Sexual Division of Labor , Kaeleen Kosmo

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

Let’s Move! Biocitizens and the Fat Kids on the Block , Mary Catherine Dickman

Interpretations of Educational Experiences of Women in Chitral, Pakistan , Rakshinda Shah

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

Incredi-bull-ly Inclusive?: Assessing the Climate on a College Campus , Aubrey Lynne Hall

Her-Storicizing Baldness: Situating Women's Experiences with Baldness from Skin and Hair Disorders , Kasie Holmes

In the (Radical) Pursuit of Self-Care: Feminist Participatory Action Research with Victim Advocates , Robyn L. Homer

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

Significance is Bliss: A Global Feminist Analysis of the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission and its Privileging of Americo-Liberian over Indigenous Liberian Women's Voices , Morgan Lea Eubank

Monsters Under the Bed: An Analysis of Torture Scenes in Three Pixar Films , Heidi Tilney Kramer

Theses/Dissertations from 2012 2012

Can You Believe She Did THAT?!:Breaking the Codes of "Good" Mothering in 1970s Horror Films , Jessica Michelle Collard

Don't Blame It on My Ovaries: Exploring the Lived Experience of Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and the Creation of Discourse , Jennifer Lynn Ellerman

Valanced Voices: Student Experiences with Learning Disabilities & Differences , Zoe DuPree Fine

An Interactive Guide to Self-Discovery for Women , Elaine J. Taylor

Selling the Third Wave: The Commodification and Consumption of the Flat Track Roller Girl , Mary Catherine Whitlock

Theses/Dissertations from 2010 2010

Beyond Survival: An Exploration of Narrative Healing and Forgiveness in Healing from Rape , Heather Curry

Theses/Dissertations from 2009 2009

Gender Trouble In Northern Ireland: An Examination Of Gender And Bodies Within The 1970s And 1980s Provisional Irish Republican Army In Northern Ireland , Jennifer Earles

"You're going to Hollywood"!: Gender and race surveillance and accountability in American Idol contestant's performances , Amanda LeBlanc

From the academy to the streets: Documenting the healing power of black feminist creative expression , Tunisia L. Riley

Developing Feminist Activist Pedagogy: A Case Study Approach in the Women's Studies Department at the University of South Florida , Stacy Tessier

Women in Wargasm: The Politics of Womenís Liberation in the Weather Underground Organization , Cyrana B. Wyker

Theses/Dissertations from 2008 2008

Opportunities for Spiritual Awakening and Growth in Mothering , Melissa J. Albee

A Constant Struggle: Renegotiating Identity in the Aftermath of Rape , Jo Aine Clarke

I am Warrior Woman, Hear Me Roar: The Challenge and Reproduction of Heteronormativity in Speculative Television Programs , Leisa Anne Clark

Theses/Dissertations from 2007 2007

Reforming Dance Pedagogy: A Feminist Perspective on the Art of Performance and Dance Education , Jennifer Clement

Narratives of lesbian transformation: Coming out stories of women who transition from heterosexual marriage to lesbian identity , Clare F. Walsh

The Conundrum of Women’s Studies as Institutional: New Niches, Undergraduate Concerns, and the Move Towards Contemporary Feminist Theory and Action , Rebecca K. Willman

Theses/Dissertations from 2006 2006

A Feminist Perspective on the Precautionary Principle and the Problem of Endocrine Disruptors under Neoliberal Globalization Policies , Erica Hesch Anstey

Asymptotes and metaphors: Teaching feminist theory , Michael Eugene Gipson

Postcolonial Herstory: The Novels of Assia Djebar (Algeria) and Oksana Zabuzhko (Ukraine): A Comparative Analysis , Oksana Lutsyshyna

Theses/Dissertations from 2005 2005

Loving Loving? Problematizing Pedagogies of Care and Chéla Sandoval’s Love as a Hermeneutic , Allison Brimmer

Exploring Women’s Complex Relationship with Political Violence: A Study of the Weathermen, Radical Feminism and the New Left , Lindsey Blake Churchill

The Voices of Sex Workers (prostitutes?) and the Dilemma of Feminist Discourse , Justine L. Kessler

Reconstructing Women's Identities: The Phenomenon Of Cosmetic Surgery In The United States , Cara L. Okopny

Fantastic Visions: On the Necessity of Feminist Utopian Narrative , Tracie Anne Welser

Theses/Dissertations from 2004 2004

The Politics of Being an Egg “Donor” and Shifting Notions of Reproductive Freedom , Elizabeth A. Dedrick

Women, Domestic Abuse, And Dreams: Analyzing Dreams To Uncover Hidden Traumas And Unacknowledged Strengths , Mindy Stokes

Theses/Dissertations from 2001 2001

Safe at Home: Agoraphobia and the Discourse on Women’s Place , Suzie Siegel

Theses/Dissertations from 2000 2000

Women, Environment and Development: Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America , Evaline Tiondi

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4.5: Feminist and Gender Criticism: A Process Approach

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Feminist and gender criticism are powerful literary methods that you can use to analyze literature. Be guided by the following process as you write your feminist or gender criticism paper.

• Carefully read the work you will analyze.
• Formulate a general question after your initial reading that identifies a problem—a tension—that addresses a key issue relevant to feminist, queer theory, or masculnity studies.
• Reread the work , paying particular attention to the question you posed. Take notes , which should be focused on your central question. Write an exploratory journal entry or blog post that allows you to play with ideas.
• What does the work mean?
• How does the work artistically demonstrate a theme?
• “So what” is significant about the work? That is, why is it important for you to write about this work? What will readers “learn” from reading your interpretation?
• Reread the text to gather textual evidence for support. What literary devices are used to achieve the theme?
• Construct an informal outline that demonstrates how you will support your interpretation.
• Write a first draft.
• Receive feedback from peers and your instructor via peer review and conferencing with your instructor (if possible).
• Revise the paper , which will include revising your original thesis statement and restructuring your paper to best support the thesis. Note: You probably will revise many times, so it is important to receive feedback at every draft stage if possible.
• Edit and proofread for correctness, clarity, and style.

We recommend that you follow this process for every paper that you write from this textbook. Of course, these steps can be modified to fit your writing process, but the plan does ensure that you will engage in a thorough reading of the text as you work through the writing process, which demands that you allow plenty of time for reading, reflecting, writing, reviewing, and revising.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Introduction to feminism, topics: what is feminism.

• Introduction
• What is Feminism?  
• Historical Context
• Normative and Descriptive Components
• Feminism and the Diversity of Women
• Feminism as Anti-Sexism
• Topics in Feminism: Overview of the Sub-Entries

Bibliography

Works cited.

• General Bibliography [under construction]
• Topical Bibliographies [under construction]

Other Internet Resources

Related entries, i.  introduction, ii.  what is feminism, a.  historical context, b.  normative and descriptive components.

i) (Normative) Men and women are entitled to equal rights and respect. ii) (Descriptive) Women are currently disadvantaged with respect to rights and respect, compared with men.

Feminism is grounded on the belief that women are oppressed or disadvantaged by comparison with men, and that their oppression is in some way illegitimate or unjustified. Under the umbrella of this general characterization there are, however, many interpretations of women and their oppression, so that it is a mistake to think of feminism as a single philosophical doctrine, or as implying an agreed political program. (James 2000, 576)

C.  Feminism and the Diversity of Women

Feminism, as liberation struggle, must exist apart from and as a part of the larger struggle to eradicate domination in all its forms. We must understand that patriarchal domination shares an ideological foundation with racism and other forms of group oppression, and that there is no hope that it can be eradicated while these systems remain intact. This knowledge should consistently inform the direction of feminist theory and practice. (hooks 1989, 22)

Unlike many feminist comrades, I believe women and men must share a common understanding--a basic knowledge of what feminism is--if it is ever to be a powerful mass-based political movement. In Feminist Theory: from margin to center, I suggest that defining feminism broadly as "a movement to end sexism and sexist oppression" would enable us to have a common political goal…Sharing a common goal does not imply that women and men will not have radically divergent perspectives on how that goal might be reached. (hooks 1989, 23)

…no woman is subject to any form of oppression simply because she is a woman; which forms of oppression she is subject to depend on what "kind" of woman she is. In a world in which a woman might be subject to racism, classism, homophobia, anti-Semitism, if she is not so subject it is because of her race, class, religion, sexual orientation. So it can never be the case that the treatment of a woman has only to do with her gender and nothing to do with her class or race. (Spelman 1988, 52-3)

D.  Feminism as Anti-Sexism

 i) (Descriptive claim) Women, and those who appear to be women, are subjected to wrongs and/or injustice at least in part because they are or appear to be women. ii) (Normative claim) The wrongs/injustices in question in (i) ought not to occur and should be stopped when and where they do.

III.  Topics in Feminism: Overview of the Sub-Entries

• Alexander, M. Jacqui and Lisa Albrecht, eds.  1998. The Third Wave: Feminist Perspectives on Racism.  New York: Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press.
• Anderson, Elizabeth.  1999a.  “What is the Point of Equality?”  Ethics 109(2): 287-337.
• ______.  1999b.  "Reply” Brown Electronic Article Review Service, Jamie Dreier and David Estlund, editors, World Wide Web, (http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Philosophy/bears/homepage.html), Posted 12/22/99.
• Anzaldúa, Gloria, ed. 1990. Making Face, Making Soul: Haciendo Caras.  San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books.
• Baier, Annette C.  1994.  Moral Prejudices: Essays on Ethics.  Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Barrett, Michèle.  1991. The Politics of Truth: From Marx to Foucault. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
• Bartky, Sandra. 1990.  “Foucault, Femininity, and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power.” In her Femininity and Domination. New York: Routledge, 63-82.
• Basu, Amrita. 1995. The Challenge of Local Feminisms: Women's Movements in Global Perspective.  Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
• Baumgardner, Jennifer and Amy Richards. 2000.  Manifesta: Young Women, Feminism, and the Future. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
• Beauvoir, Simone de. 1974 (1952).  The Second Sex. Trans. and Ed. H. M. Parshley.  New York: Vintage Books.
• Benhabib, Seyla.  1992.  Situating the Self: Gender, Community, and Postmodernism in Contemporary Ethics.   New York: Routledge.
• Calhoun, Cheshire. 2000.  Feminism, the Family, and the Politics of the Closet: Lesbian and Gay Displacement.  Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• ______.  1989.  “Responsibility and Reproach.”  Ethics 99(2): 389-406.
• Collins, Patricia Hill.  1990.  Black Feminist Thought. Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman.
• Cott, Nancy.  1987.  The Grounding of Modern Feminism.  New Haven: Yale University Press.
• Crenshaw, Kimberlé. 1991. “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color.“ Stanford Law Review , 43(6): 1241-1299.
• Crenshaw, Kimberlé, Neil Gotanda, Gary Peller and Kendall Thomas. 1995.  “Introduction.” In Critical Race Theory, ed., Kimberle Crenshaw, et al. New York: The New Press, xiii-xxxii.Davis, Angela. 1983. Women, Race and Class.  New York: Random House.
• Crow, Barbara.  2000.  Radical Feminism: A Documentary Reader.  New York: New York University Press.
• Delmar, Rosalind.  2001. "What is Feminism?” In Theorizing Feminism, ed., Anne C. Hermann and Abigail J. Stewart.  Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 5-28.
• Duplessis, Rachel Blau, and Ann Snitow, eds. 1998. The Feminist Memoir Project: Voices from Women's Liberation.  New York: Random House (Crown Publishing).
• Dutt, M.  1998.  "Reclaiming a Human Rights Culture: Feminism of Difference and Alliance." In Talking Visions: Multicultural Feminism in a Transnational Age , ed., Ella Shohat. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 225-246.
• Echols, Alice. 1990.  Daring to Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America, 1967-75.   Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
• Engels, Friedrich.  1972 (1845).  The Origin of The Family, Private Property, and the State.   New York: International Publishers.
• Findlen, Barbara. 2001. Listen Up: Voices from the Next Feminist Generation, 2nd edition.  Seattle, WA: Seal Press.
• Fine, Michelle and Adrienne Asch, eds. 1988. Women with Disabilities: Essays in Psychology, Culture, and Politics. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
• Fraser, Nancy and Linda Nicholson.  1990.  "Social Criticism Without Philosophy: An Encounter Between Feminism and Postmodernism." In Feminism/Postmodernism, ed., Linda Nicholson. New York: Routledge.
• Friedan, Betty.  1963. The Feminine Mystique.   New York: Norton.
• Frye, Marilyn.  1983. The Politics of Reality.  Freedom, CA: The Crossing Press.
• Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie. 1997.  Extraordinary Bodies: Figuring Physical Disability in American Culture and Literature. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Grewal, I. 1998.  "On the New Global Feminism and the Family of Nations: Dilemmas of Transnational Feminist Practice."  In Talking Visions: Multicultural Feminism in a Transnational Age, ed., Ella Shohat.  Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 501-530.
• Hampton, Jean.  1993. “Feminist Contractarianism,” in Louise M. Antony and Charlotte Witt, eds. A Mind of One’s Own: Feminist Essays on Reason and Objectivity,  Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
• Haslanger, Sally. Forthcoming. “Oppressions: Racial and Other.”  In Racism, Philosophy and Mind: Philosophical Explanations of Racism and Its Implications, ed., Michael Levine and Tamas Pataki.  Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
• Held, Virginia. 1993. Feminist Morality: Transforming Culture, Society, and Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Herrman, Anne C. and Abigail J. Stewart, eds. 1994.  Theorizing Feminism: Parallel Trends in the Humanities and Social Sciences.  Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
• Heywood, Leslie and Jennifer Drake, eds. 1997.  Third Wave Agenda: Being Feminist, Doing Feminism. 
• Hillyer, Barbara. 1993.  Feminism and Disability. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
• Hoagland, Sarah L.  1989. Lesbian Ethics: Toward New Values.   Palo Alto, CA: Institute for Lesbian Studies.
• Hooks, bell. 1989. Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black.  Boston: South End Press.
• ______.  1984. Feminist Theory from Margin to Center.  Boston: South End Press.
• ______. 1981.  Ain't I A Woman: Black Women and Feminism.   Boston: South End Press.
• Hurtado, Aída.  1996.  The Color of Privilege: Three Blasphemies on Race and Feminism. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
• Jagger, Alison M.  1983.  Feminist Politics and Human Nature.  Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
• James, Susan. 2000.  “Feminism in Philosophy of Mind: The Question of Personal Identity.” In The Cambridge Companion to Feminism in Philosophy, ed., Miranda Fricker and Jennifer Hornsby.  Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Kiss, Elizabeth. 1995.  "Feminism and Rights." Dissent 42(3): 342-347
• Kittay, Eva Feder.  1999.  Love’s Labor: Essays on Women, Equality and Dependency. New York: Routledge.
• Kymlicka, Will.  1989. Liberalism, Community and Culture. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• Mackenzie, Catriona and Natalie Stoljar, eds.  2000.  Relational Autonomy: Feminist perspectives on Autonomy, Agency and the Social Self.  Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• MacKinnon, Catharine.  1989.  Towards a Feminist Theory of the State.  Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• ______.  1987. Feminism Unmodified.  Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Mohanty, Chandra, Ann Russo, and Lourdes Torres, eds.  1991.  Third  World Women and the Politics of Feminism.    Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
• Molyneux, Maxine and Nikki Craske, eds. 2001. Gender and the Politics of Rights and Democracy in Latin America. Basingstoke: Palgrave McMillan.
• Moody-Adams, Michele. 1997.  Fieldwork in Familiar Places: Morality, Culture and Philosophy.  Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
• Moraga, Cherrie.  2000. "From a Long Line of Vendidas: Chicanas and Feminism." In her Loving in the War Years, 2nd edition.  Boston: South End Press.
• Moraga, Cherrie and Gloria Anzaldúa, eds. 1981.  This Bridge Called My Back: Writings of Radical Women of Color. Watertown, MA: Persephone Press.
• Narayan, Uma.  1997.  Dislocating Cultures: Identities, Traditions, and Third World Feminism.   New York: Routledge.
• Nussbaum, Martha. 1995.  "Human Capabilities, Female Human Beings." In Women, Culture and Development : A Study of Human Capabilities, ed., Martha Nussbaum and Jonathan Glover.  Oxford: Oxford University Press, 61-104.
• _______.  1999.  Sex and Social Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• O’Brien, Mary.  1979.  “Reproducing Marxist Man.”  In The Sexism of Social and Political Theory: Women and Reproduction from Plato to Nietzsche, ed., Lorenne M. G. Clark and Lynda Lange.  Toronto: Toronto University Press, 99-116.  Reprinted in (Tuana and Tong 1995: 91-103).
• Ong, Aihwa.  1988. "Colonialism and Modernity: Feminist Re-presentation of Women in Non-Western Societies.” Inscriptions 3(4): 90. Also in (Herrman and Stewart 1994).
• Okin, Susan Moller. 1989.  Justice, Gender, and the Family.  New York: Basic Books.
• ______.  1979.  Women in Western Political Thought.   Princeton: Princeton University Press.
• Pateman, Carole.  1988.  The Sexual Contract.    Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
• Reagon, Bernice Johnson. 1983. "Coalition Politics: Turning the Century." In: Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology, ed. Barbara Smith. New York: Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press, 356-368.
• Robinson, Fiona.  1999.  Globalizing Care: Ethics, Feminist Theory, and International Affairs. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
• Rubin, Gayle.  1975.  “The Traffic in Women: Notes on the “Political Economy” of Sex.”  In Towards an Anthropology of Women , ed., Rayna Rapp Reiter.  New York: Monthly Review Press, 157-210.
• Ruddick, Sara. 1989.  Maternal Thinking: Towards a Politics of Peace.  Boston: Beacon Press.
• Schneir, Miriam, ed. 1994. Feminism in Our Time: The Essential Writings, World War II to the Present.  New York: Vintage Books.
• ______.  1972.  Feminism: The Essential Historical Writings. New York: Vintage Books.
• Scott, Joan W. 1988.  “Deconstructing Equality-Versus-Difference: or The Uses of Poststructuralist Theory for Feminism.” Feminist Studies 14 (1):  33-50.
• Silvers, Anita, David Wasserman, Mary Mahowald. 1999.   Disability, Difference, Discrimination: Perspectives on Justice in Bioethics and Public Policy . Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield.
• Simpson, J. A. and E. S. C. Weiner, ed., 1989. Oxford English Dictionary.   2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press. OED Online. Oxford University Press.  “feminism, n1” (1851).
• Snitow, Ann.  1990.  “A Gender Diary.”  In Conflicts in Feminism, ed. M. Hirsch and E. Fox Keller.  New York: Routledge, 9-43.
• Spelman, Elizabeth.  1988. The Inessential Woman.   Boston: Beacon Press.
• Tanner, Leslie B.  1970  Voices From Women's Liberation.   New York:  New American Library (A Mentor Book).
• Taylor, Vesta and Leila J. Rupp.  1996. "Lesbian Existence and the Women's Movement: Researching the 'Lavender Herring'."  In Feminism and Social Change , ed. Heidi Gottfried.  Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.
• Tong, Rosemarie.  1993.  Feminine and Feminist Ethics.   Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
• Tuana, Nancy and Rosemarie Tong, eds. 1995.  Feminism and Philosophy. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
• Walker, Alice. 1990. “Definition of Womanist,” In Making Face, Making Soul: Haciendo Caras , ed., Gloria Anzaldúa.  San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books, 370.
• Walker, Margaret Urban.  1998. Moral Understandings: A Feminist Study in Ethics. New York: Routledge.
• ______, ed. 1999.  Mother Time: Women, Aging, and Ethics. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
• Walker, Rebecca, ed. 1995. To Be Real: Telling the Truth and Changing the Face of Feminism.   New York: Random House (Anchor Books).
• Ware, Cellestine.  1970.  Woman Power: The Movement for Women’s Liberation .  New York: Tower Publications.
• Weisberg, D. Kelly, ed.  1993.  Feminist Legal Theory: Foundations.  Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
• Wendell, Susan. 1996. The Rejected Body: Feminist Philosophical Reflections on Disability. New York and London: Routledge.
• Young, Iris. 1990a. "Humanism, Gynocentrism and Feminist Politics."  In Throwing Like A Girl. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 73-91.
• Young, Iris. 1990b.  “Socialist Feminism and the Limits of Dual Systems Theory.”  In her Throwing Like a Girl and Other Essays in Feminist Philosophy and Social Theory . Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
• ______.  1990c.  Justice and the Politics of Difference.   Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
• Zophy, Angela Howard. 1990.  "Feminism."  In The Handbook of American Women's History , ed., Angela Howard Zophy and Frances M. Kavenik.  New York: Routledge (Garland Reference Library of the Humanities).

General Bibliography

Topical bibliographies.

• Feminist Theory Website
• Race, Gender, and Affirmative Action Resource Page
• Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement (Duke Univ. Archives)
• Core Reading Lists in Women's Studies (Assn of College and Research Libraries, WS Section)
• Feminist and Women's Journals
• Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy
• Feminist Internet Search Utilities
• National Council for Research on Women (including links to centers for research on women and affiliate organizations, organized by research specialties)
• Feminism and Class
• Marxist, Socialist, and Materialist Feminisms
• M-Fem (information page, discussion group, links, etc.)
• WMST-L discussion of how to define “marxist feminism” Aug 1994)
• Marxist/Materialist Feminism (Feminist Theory Website)
• MatFem   (Information page, discussion group)
• Feminist Economics
• Feminist Economics (Feminist Theory Website)
• International Association for Feminist Economics
• Feminist Political Economy and the Law (2001 Conference Proceedings, York Univ.)
• Journal for the International Association for Feminist Economics
• Feminism and Disability
• World Wide Web Review: Women and Disabilities Websites
• Disability and Feminism Resource Page
• Center for Research on Women with Disabilities (CROWD)
• Interdisciplinary Bibliography on Disability in the Humanities (Part of the American Studies Crossroads Project)
• Feminism and Human Rights, Global Feminism
• World Wide Web Review: Websites on Women and Human Rights
• International Gender Studies Resources (U.C. Berkeley)
• Global Feminisms Research Resources (Vassar Library)
• Global Feminism (Feminist Majority Foundation)
• NOW and Global Feminism
• United Nations Development Fund for Women
• Global Issues Resources
• Sisterhood is Global Institute (SIGI)
• Feminism and Race/Ethnicity
• General Resources
• WMST-L discussion on “Women of Color and the Women’s Movement” (5 Parts) Sept/Oct 2000)
• Women of Color Resources (Princeton U. Library)
• Core Readings in Women's Studies: Women of Color (Assn. of College and Research Libraries, WS Section)
• Women of Color Resource Sites
• African-American/Black Feminisms and Womanism
• African-American/Black/Womanist Feminism on the Web
• Black Feminist and Womanist Identity Bibliography (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library)
• The Womanist Studies Consortium (Univ. of Georgia)
• Black Feminist/Womanist Works: A Beginning List (WMST-L)
• African-American Women Online Archival Collection (Duke U.)
• Asian-American and Asian Feminisms
• Asian American Feminism (Feminist Theory Website)
• Asian-American Women Bibliography (Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe)
• American Women's History: A Research Guide (Asian-American Women)
• South Asian Women's Studies Bibliography (U.C. Berkeley)
• Journal of South Asia Women's Studies
• Chicana/Latina Feminisms
• Bibliography on Chicana Feminism (Cal State, Long Beach Library)
• Making Face, Making Soul: A Chicana Feminist Website
• Defining Chicana Feminisms, In Their Own Words
• CLNet's Chicana Studies Homepage (UCLA)
• Chicana Related Bibliographies (CLNet)
• American Indian, Native, Indigenous Feminisms
• Native American Feminism (Feminist Theory Website)
• Bibliography on American Indian Gender Roles and Relations
• Bibliography on American Indian Feminism
• Bibliography on American Indian Gay/Lesbian Topics
• Links on Aboriginal Women and Feminism
• Feminism, Sex, and Sexuality
• 1970's Lesbian Feminism (Ohio State Univ., Women's Studies)
• The Lesbian History Project
• History of Sexuality Resources (Duke Special Collections)
• Lesbian Studies Bibliography (Assn. of College and Research Libraries)
• Lesbian Feminism/Lesbian Philosophy
• Society for Lesbian and Gay Philosophy Internet Resources
• QueerTheory.com
• World Wide Web Review: Webs of Transgender

First published: Content last modified:

Thesis Statement On Feminism

1. The 20th century has been the century of women and their quasi-silent revolution. A bloodless feminism thesis statement revolution that does not fit with the masculine myth of revolutions or with the heroic epic that is presupposed. The incorporation of women into the public sphere and into politics has meant that democracy, finally, lived up to its name and its universalist vocation. However, the political, social and economic exclusion of women and the relations of inequality between the sexes persist in most social scenarios and are the workhorse of feminism as a civic movement, as a political theory and as an intersectional analysis of oppressions.

2. The 21st century should be decisive for the historical advance of feminism thesis statement in its search for an egalitarian society. The magnitude of the enemies to face does not seem insignificant in these times of ascent of a misogynist extreme right that aspires to the global hegemony. Such an emergency is a reactive consequence of the impacts of neoliberalism that has generated a precarization of life that affects social majorities in practically all countries of the planet. In Europe, North America and other favored parts of the world in recent decades have meant the collapse of the middle classes once organized capitalism, which included welfare policies, is being dismantled. Since the so-called crisis of 2008, this process of erosion of the public has accelerated, expanding the poverty and social exclusion of large sectors in which women and children are overrepresented.

3. Given the political crisis of social democracy, linked to its cooptation by neoliberalism and the renunciation of its own egalitarian traditions, and of the so-called alternative lefts, but, for the moment, incapable of generating a coherent political agenda – the thesis statement for women’s equality is a transnationalized movement with a clear agenda. Indeed, there are zones of dissent, but there are also solid consensus that has demanded the human rights of women, social justice and the radicalization of democracy in an egalitarian sense.

4. Today, thesis statement for women’s equality is the guardian of human rights in a context of denunciation of femicide and gender violence, while reactivating its anti-war vein in the face of the current processes of militarization and paramilitarization in force in large areas of the planet. It is therefore necessary to rehabilitate the link between feminism and pacifism, a relationship that illuminates a genealogy that enables women as “peacebuilders” in numerous conflicts over the centuries.

Feminism is today, in short, the guardian and the guardian of human rights in a context of denunciation of femicide and gender violence

5. As these last month’s demonstrate, thesis statement on feminism is a movement capable of mobilizing before the extreme right. Some outstanding examples are those of the US, Argentina, Poland … The mobilization in Spain in 2014 – the so-called Tren de la Libertad – against the restriction to abortion, ended with a victory and belongs to this type of defensive mobilizations.

6. In the face of neoliberal hegemony, thesis statement on feminism must react and denounce the drift of the bodies of girls and women. It is not possible to continue closing the eyes to the trafficking of women for their labor, sexual and reproductive exploitation. You cannot agree with a progressive neoliberalism, a sexual neoliberalism, and lover of differences that masks the exploitation of social majorities. Feminism must analyze and propose political alternatives in local, national and global terms to give an option to the structural injustices of which extreme migrations for survival and the exodus of refugees are refugees.

Faced with neoliberal hegemony, feminism must react and denounce the drift of the bodies of girls and women.

7. The feminist thesis statement agenda is configured, in short, at different scales: local, national, transnational and global. We must highlight the areas of consensus within the movement that should not be obscured by disagreements on various issues. The four fundamental consensuses are:

The utopia of a life free of violence

The denunciation of feminism thesis and gender violence is the most urgent claim. The affirmation that if violence against women does not stop peace is impossible is one of her last formulations. This reconnection of feminism and pacifism reveals its long reach and requires an investment of political resources. It demands the visibility of a feminist genealogy of organizations – like WILPF – that support the protagonism of women in conflicts and post-conflicts, but also the opposition to the “culture of rape” and a patriarchy that today is combined with a capitalism wild that exploits and normalizes structural and symbolic violence.

Sexual and reproductive freedom

The struggle for sexual and reproductive rights is and will be one of the great concerns of feminism thesis of this century. Formulated from the origins of suffragists, socialists and anarchists is key today when the right to abortion recedes in various parts of the world and in some of them has never been consolidated. Feminism also opened the door to the demand for sexual freedom and gave legitimacy to the sexual-affective diversity that is repressed by the neo-fascist emergency.

The design of an egalitarian society

Equality of rights is the foundational requirement of enlightened feminism and suffragist, but the demand for social justice makes socialist and anarchist feminism have endowed it with greater scope. Feminism is allergic to inequalities. It is not possible, then, a global right and / or financial feminism, above radical egalitarianism. Feminism thesis statements does not admit exploitation or old or new slavery. It is, from its origins, a movement of liberation and emancipation incompatible with the visions of the right, be it neoliberal or neo-fascist.

The universalization of care as co-responsibility

A program to be discussed is to denaturalize, de-privatize and de-commodify care. This last point involves subverting the entire economy to put it at the service of life and not of markets. It gives rise to the alternatives of the Feminist Economy in the direction of a Solidarity Economy.

8. It is imperative to clarify the territory of the thesis on feminism disagreements that invite sororicidal and promote sorority because being a woman today is still the reason why we are murdered and raped even though some have their social, geopolitical and ethno position.

We have never been content with just interpreting the world; feminists have always wanted to transform it.

9. Ecofeminism, a rich vein of theoretical analysis and activism often connected with the pacifist current, cannot be disregarded today given that its approaches are more necessary than ever in the context of a global ecological crisis and a breakthrough of the destruction of the planet. Their contributions reinforce the lines of the consensus thesis about feminism agenda focused on non-violence, sexual and reproductive freedom, egalitarianism and the need for an ethic and a policy of planetary care that includes non-human animals and ecosystems.

10. The incorporation of political feminist thesis in the hard core of the left is inexcusable. This process of putting political, social and economic equality at the center must be parallel to the critique of the sexist and heterosexist bias of institutions. The deconstruction of hegemonic masculinity is a task in which progressive men need to engage and, to do so, they must object to their modes of sociability and subjectivities.

11. We have never been satisfied with just interpreting the world; feminists have always wanted to transform it. We now live a dangerous moment, if the advance of the extreme right is consolidated, the backsliding of human rights will be inevitable. It is time to call for a generalized mobilization and to pursue the alliance with all the social movements that strive to achieve a scenario of non-violence and the disappearance of inequalities.

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Thesis On Feminism 21st Century

Type of paper: Thesis

Topic: Women's Rights , Violence , Literature , Books , Gender Equality , Politics , Women , Feminism

Words: 1200

Published: 01/26/2020

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Introduction

The change of feminism in the 21st century occurred due to the long struggle that occurred in history by women for their rights. In order to know the effect of feminism in the 21st century one should know its history beginning with the definition. Feminism is the fight for women's right either socially, economically and politically. The fight began in the 19th century in countries such as France, USA, England and later the rest of the world. According to history, the fight for women's right is divided into four waves. The first wave was in the 19th century where women were fighting for education rights. The second wave was in the 20th century where women were fighting for equality in both law and culture. The third wave was in the mid 20th century and the fourth wave was in the 21st century where women continued to fight for equality in either social, political and economical. The first wave of feminism began in the 19th century and continued until the beginning of the 20th century. In the first wave the women were fighting so that they can be educated and wanted to be treated with respect. In the US, the women fought for the abolition of slavery and women's rights. Among the first women who defended women's rights was Christine de Pizan in the 1400s. She wrote books where it stated that women should be appreciated and respected in the society. Margaret Cavendish who was a duchess of Newcastle a poet of the 17th century was deeply upset about how women were given inferior jobs. During the French revolution, Mary Wollstonecraft was inspired to write a book that was to fight for women's rights (Head 2010). In this book, she called for women to be educated and treated in a civilized manner that will make them more mature and strong.. In Russia 1718 women, discrimination was abolished. While in US, the women who were married are allowed to own their own property. In 1772, the Russian government also abolished forced marriages The second wave of feminism began in 1960 until the 1980s where the movement was observed more in the USA and thus spread throughout the world. The movement was about women's right to have good health, jobs, childcare, education, abortion and have equal rights socially and culturally. The feminine mystique that was written and published by Betty Friedman talked about how women were being made into homemakers while they are well educated thus, they can work. Due to Betty’s expose it led to the formation of women's liberation that caused them to write more inspiring books about change for women in areas such as political and sexually. The first women's liberation organization was founded in 1966 and was called NOW or the National organization for Women. In the 20th century, the first wave for fighting for lesbian rights began in 1970. This was because they felt like other movements were sidelining them because the gay men were already having rights (Wooten 2012). In Canada, women were fighting to be able to participate in elections without any restriction. In 1975, women in Sweden South Africa and USA they were able to have abortions if necessary. In 1980, Swedish government made it possible by having laws that condemn sexual discrimination. The third wave of feminism was mainly for enhancing and increasing more effects of the second wave. This wave began early in the 20th century especially 1990. This movement concentrated in sexual harassment of women in the work place. The case of Clarence Thomas and Anita hill brought about debates among women on how to handle this case of harassment (Hughes 2004). Thomas could be found not guilty and thus brought outrage among women. The women who were involved in the third wave were Gloria Anzaldua, Audre Lorded and Luisa Accati. In 1991, both Wales and England abolished rape in the marital home. The fourth wave was used in the 21st century that looked at issues that the third wave was not able to accomplish. This wave focused on political, social and economical aspects where there were some loopholes. Countries such as Great Britain perfected the discrimination of sex act while in New Zealand the women in the armed forces their rights was increased (Head 2010).

Impact of feminism in the 21st century

Feminism in the 21st century has improved compared to the last hundred years where women were oppressed economic, social and political. This has made many government laws to have rules that indicate the need for women to participate in political rallies and socially. This change has also been experienced in the Islamic countries where they are allowed to vote and educate. Although many countries have abolished slavery, this has not stopped some people to engage in sex slavery among girls. This has also led to prostitution because the girls have no way out of that lifestyle (William 2011). Although there are people who are doing prostitution in order to get income so that they can survive this tough economy. The women in this century should be able to oppose dictatorship that suppresses human rights without fear. Years back women fought for the right to work, this has enabled many women to have jobs in fields such as doctors, lawyers, engineers and architects. This was a major accomplishment for feminism movement but they get a lot of harassment in the workplace. The traditional ways of women being the mothers of the house will never change but the only difference is that are doing double work of the homemaker and as a working mother. This will cause them to have not enough time for their families thus will be blamed for any mistake that works. In conclusion, feminism movements began due to the oppression women were being subjected to by men. They fought for equal rights in areas such as political, economical and social. This has made women over the years to come up and speak out their outrage through books, poems and art. This led to a movement throughout the world. Through the movement women were able to stand for the presidency and won. The first woman president was in Argentina elected in 1974 her name was Isabel Martinez Peron. In the 21st century the list of women who are presidents has increased tremendously and they are Chandrika Kumaratunga of Sri Lanka, Mary Mcaleese of Ireland, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of Liberia who is currently still in office.

Wooten, K. (2012). Make Your Own History: Documenting Feminist and Queer Activism in the 21st Century. Seattle: Lyz Bly. Head, T. (2010). Feminism in the United States. about.com . William, Z. (2011). Feminism in the 21st century. The guardian . Hughes, P. C. (2004). Feminism in The 21st Century. the washington post , b07.

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