additionally synonym in essay

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• additionally

adverb as in furthermore

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Example sentences.

“Any additional participants from the video that are able to be identified will also receive $100 citations in the mail,” she said.

He said the company would comply with any laws that required additional consent from individuals to use their data in specific research projects.

The settlement’s stated reforms make three additional changes to standard operating procedure around warrants.

So referees face no additional incentive review a call just to make sure it is correct, and thus improve their grade, which can affect their playoff game assignments.

The manufacturer rejected adding a sophisticated safety system that might have helped in the accidents at least in part because it would have required additional training.

Additionally, ALMA consists of up to 66 telescopes acting together.

Additionally, any information they release could potentially poison a jury pool.

Additionally, the so-called DDG-1000 can also carry either a pair of helicopters or a single helicopter and a trio of drones.

Additionally, there is little to no cooperation or coordination with moderate rebel forces and the U.S. military.

Moses became president of the Long Island State Park Commission and then—additionally—chairman of the State Council of Parks.

He is additionally famous, however, on another and very different count.

The very first obligation, voluntarily accepted by personally or socially discharging it, binds additionally to it.

It is to be borne in mind additionally that they were both young; she a child in years; he a child in lack of worldly experience.

The night seemed additionally dark here under the elms, and Sir Marmaduke searched in his pocket for his tinder-box.

Cashel, additionally enraged by a sting of remorse, went out and slammed the door.

Related Words

Words related to additionally are not direct synonyms, but are associated with the word additionally . Browse related words to learn more about word associations.

adverb as in in addition

• furthermore
• on the contrary
• on the other hand

adverb as in together with

• accompanying
• as companion
• at same time
• coupled with
• in addition to
• side by side
• simultaneously

adverb as in in addition to

• in conjunction with
• in like manner
• more than that
• over and above
• together with

adverb as in in addition; as well

• exclusive of
• in addition
• in distinction to
• in excess of
• in other respects
• not counting
• on the side
• on top of everything
• supplementary to
• what's more
• with the exception of
• not to mention

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On this page you'll find 12 synonyms, antonyms, and words related to additionally, such as: also, and, and plus.

From Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright © 2013 by the Philip Lief Group.

12 of the Best Synonyms for ‘Additionally’

By Dr Oliver Tearle (Loughborough University)

‘Additionally’ is a useful word: so useful that a writer can find themselves in danger of overusing it in certain contexts. What viable alternative words are there which can serve as good synonyms for the word additionally ?

Let’s take a look at the best additionally synonyms, exploring how they might be used as a substitute for that commonly used word.

Additionally is an adverb, as the -ly ending strongly implies. So what follows are some adverbs and adverbial phrases which serve the same purpose as additionally , or at least, serve a very similar function.

‘Additionally’ synonyms

If you don’t mind utilising an adverbial phrase rather than a single word, then IN ADDITION can work very nicely as an alternative to ‘additionally’. It means the same thing. So, just as you might say (or write), ‘There were three cats on the lawn. Additionally, there were two squirrels’, so you might say, ‘There were three cats on the lawn. In addition, there were two squirrels.’ The two phrases are perfectly interchangeable.

ALSO works in much the same way. In his little-read sequel to Robinson Crusoe , the 1719 book The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe , Daniel Defoe wrote: ‘A very handy ingenious Fellow, who was a Cooper by Trade but was also a general Mechanick; for he was dexterous at making Wheels.’

Defoe might alternatively have written ‘but was additionally a general Mechanick’, since the man is a cooper but also a mechanic: he is a mechanic in addition to being a cooper (or barrel-maker).

The word also emerged, the Oxford English Dictionary ( OED ) tells us, as an intensification of the word so , and invites us to compare other al- words, such as although and altogether , among others.

Returning to adverbial phrases, another common synonym for additionally is AS WELL , which means the same as also . However, the required syntax is subtly different. Returning to that Defoe example, if Defoe had used as well instead of also , he could not have written ‘who was a Cooper by Trade but was as well a general Mechanick’, at least not without muddying his meaning.

Instead, as well should come after the noun phrase, thus: ‘who was a Cooper by Trade but was a general Mechanick as well .’

The same goes for another additionally synonym, the simple word TOO , where ‘who was a Cooper by Trade but was too a general Mechanick’ would make little sense: you’d need to write ‘who was a Cooper by Trade but was a general Mechanick too ’, leaving the adverb until the end of the clause.

Both as well and too are common in both formal and colloquial contexts. But another useful synonym, MOREOVER , is probably more frequently used in formal writing or speech-making than in general conversation, where it can sound unduly pompous or pretentious. Imagine saying to friends, ‘I think we should have another round of drinks. Moreover, I reckon we should order some food!’

But in a formal setting, moreover can be rhetorically very effective. The etymology of the word is self-explanatory: it’s from more and over , and so in a sense doubly signals its meaning (‘additionally’, ‘in addition’).

It could so easily have been otherwise. The OED invites us to compare OVERMORE , an alternative formation with the same meaning, which appeared to go head-to-head with moreover for primacy in the Middle Ages.

But moreover won out and overmore is now relegated to the history books. Although the dictionary doesn’t name it as obsolete or archaic, my Spellcheck affords overmore a red squiggly line, which is revealing.

A more informal way of writing (or saying) additionally is simply to write PLUS, as in ‘You never paid back that £10 I lent you! Plus, you still have my lawnmower I lent you last month.’ If you wanted to be more formal you could substitute plus with additionally , of course, though in this context it would probably come across as overly stiff and even self-important!

BESIDES is a slightly curious word because although it means ‘in addition’ or ‘additionally’, the structure of the word makes it sound as though it means something different (such as ‘leaving that to one side’). But if we compare the following two sentences, we’ll see that the meaning is broadly similar in both:

You can’t sing. Besides, your guitar-playing is rubbish. You can’t sing. Additionally, your guitar-playing is rubbish.

We say ‘broadly similar’ because the first example suggests a turning away to a slightly different topic, whereas the second implies compounding the second topic with the first, to intensify one’s case. Besides means something closer to in any case than additionally , though its meaning is close enough to the latter to warrant inclusion here.

Another more colloquial expression is INTO THE BARGAIN , a phrase which has come to mean simply ‘moreover’ or ‘besides’ but which originally referred to actual bargains, and meant ‘over and above what was stipulated or expected in a deal’.

If you get more than you expected in a particular business deal or bargain, you get other things in addition , so one can see how the phrase came to be applied more generally as a synonym for additionally .

NOT TO MENTION , meanwhile, is used to refer to an additional detail which strengthens one’s argument. As the OED observes, this is a piece of rhetorical sleight-of-hand, designed to suggest that the speaker is not presenting the full extent of their argument but only, as it were, the tip of the iceberg.

In other words, it’s like saying, ‘and this is without me even mentioning all the other stuff I could mention’. It’s somewhat ironic, of course, because then the speaker goes on to mention the things which they are not to mention .

Both FURTHERMORE and FURTHER TO are yet further ways to say additionally , as in ‘further to my previous point, I would like to add …’

Let’s conclude this selection of synonyms with a more colloquial expression: TO BOOT . This has nothing to do with footwear but instead comes from an earlier sense of boot meaning ‘profit’ or ‘advantage’ or simply ‘good’, as in the phrase to the good .

So to boot has meant, ever since the early Middle Ages, ‘in addition’, ‘moreover’, and ‘into the bargain’. Although the OED doesn’t list it as a strictly colloquial term, it is best used guardedly in formal writing.

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Additionally – Synonyms

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The adverb “additionally” is used to introduce an extra item or detail to something that has already been stated.

Another word for additionally is also or as well. However, more synonyms will be stated in the following article.

On our overview page for synonyms, you can find the best options of synonyms for a vast variety of words that are used in academic writing .

To the overview page for synonyms

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• 1 “Additionally” – General synonyms
• 2 “Additionally” – Synonyms used in academic writing

“Additionally” – General synonyms

Synonyms of the word additionally will be listed below.

• For good measure
• Furthermore
• In addition
• In addition to
• In the bargain
• Into the bargain
• On top of that
• What’s more

“Additionally” – Synonyms used in academic writing

In academic writing, “additionally” can be used to introduce an extra point related to the topic being discussed. It is often used to reinforce the information already stated and to support the author’s argument. Overall, “additionally” can be a useful word in academic writing to connect ideas and provide a clear and organized structure to the text. Synonyms for additionally that can be used for an academic piece of writing include moreover, in addition, or also.

Are you looking for suitable synonyms for “Additionally” for your academic paper? Have a look at the table below with the top suggestions from our BachelorPrint-Team .

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Other Words for ADDITIONALLY: 30+ Useful Synonyms for Additionally

Other Words for Additionally

Additionally synonyms with examples.

Learn another word for additionally with example sentences.

Mary is a friendly girl. Above , she is very intelligent.

• Along with it 

Along with it , the overtop structure, the ideology also inevitably must change.

Although the world is full of suffering, it is full  also  of the overcoming of it.

To make good use of life.one should have in youth the experience of advanced years, and  in old age the vigor of youth.

Apart from this , its description of linguistic structures is not as exact and analytical as modern style studies tend to be.

There’s something else I’d like to talk about  as well .

I don’t want to go;  besides , I’m too tired.

I can think of nothing  else  but your dazzling smile.

He sold me the car at a cheap price and included the radio  for good measure .

So  she  bought  some  of  his  salves,  and  gave  him  two  English  shillings  for  her  bargain,  forbye  bread  and  milk  and  a  pint  of  ale.

I don’t want to go there,  furthermore , I have no time to do so.

The company provides cheap Internet access.  In addition, it makes shareware freely available.

“As we restructure, we are eliminating some positions and  in addition to that , we’re shifting some positions from Yum to our brands, ” spokesman Jonathan Blum told Reuters.

In addition to this  , it is also important to set goals for acne treatment.

My own accidental cut across the knuckles was a flea-bite. Dr Livesey patched it up with plaster, and pulled my ears for me  into the bargain .

Heating is another danger area but,  likewise , you can take preventative steps: Open fires should always have a fireguard.

The rent is reasonable, and  moreover , the location is perfect.

Not only that, he has been in the second place in the world rankings.

On another note , I have always been more partial to his poetry than his criticism.

He lost his job and  on top of that  his wife left him.

On top of this , I face my final exams at the end of the year.

Over and above , joining the Olympic Games can be a way keep fit.

The scales showed seven pounds less, he was eating baskets of fruit and goody-goody health food,  plus  he’d laid off the booze completely.

And  second of all , he believes he can buy off parliament.

To start with, we haven’t enough money, and  secondly  we haven’t enough time.

My boyfriend is funny, and a pretty good cook, to boot .

I cannot be your friend and your flatterer  too .

You should remember it, and  what’s more , you should get it right.

He made it clear to all that I was his friend and withal a very good guy.

Synonyms for Additionally with Examples | Infographic

Another Word for Additionally

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Walter Akolo

In writing and speech, the word furthermore is used as a conjunctive adverb. It ties together two sentences that have a connection by advancing the argument. As a transition word furthermore is defined as "an addition to what precedes."

When used correctly, furthermore helps make your writing easier to understand. But, like with any word, overusing furthermore will distract your reader and disrupt the flow of your writing. So what can you say instead?

To find the best synonyms, we need to make sure we know what we’re trying to say. Let’s expand on that definition a little.

What Does the Word Furthermore Mean?

• What Type of Word Is Furthermore?

How Do I Use Furthermore in a Sentence?

• What Can I Say Instead of Furthermore?
• What Is Another Way to Say Additionally?
• Does Moreover Mean Furthermore?

Make Your Writing Richer with These Furthermore Alternatives

Furthermore means the same as besides , moreover , or in addition . Initially used in the 13th century, this word ties statements, paragraphs, and thoughts together. In a text or essay, it’s used to show that the author or speaker is not done with what they are saying and is furthering their point using additional evidence.

What Type of Word Is Furthermore ?

Furthermore is an adverb. Adverbs modify the meaning of words and sentences. In this case, the adverb furthermore modifies the following sentence by marking it as a continuation of the idea from the sentence or point before it.

This changes the meaning of the sentence by asking you to consider other information alongside it.

Now that you know some related words to use for furthermore , how can you use furthermore in a sentence? Let’s look at some example sentences.

• My parents just moved into a nice house. We love it. Furthermore , it’s near my dad’s job.
• Our annual family summer trip to Paris is usually so much fun. Furthermore , it doesn’t cost us a lot of money.
• Most companies have now adopted the work-from-home model. This has improved productivity . Furthermore , employees can work from any location.
• We, furthermore , won’t include the personal contact information you share on your job application.
• I enjoy shopping at Jades’. Furthermore , I get the best bargain.
• Furthermore , the comments on my Instagram page have been very positive lately.

Is Furthermore a Formal Word?

Furthermore is most commonly used in formal writing like essays, reports, and presentations.

You’re unlikely to throw it into casual conversation, like when you’re ordering a coffee:

• "I would like an iced latte, please, and furthermore, I would like a croissant."

That sounds a little strange. In informal speech and writing, go for something like also .

• "I’d like a coffee, please, and also a croissant."

You can find some more informal synonyms for furthermore in the next section.

However, it’s important to note that some synonyms, such as on top of that , by the same token , and over and above that should really only be used in an informal setting. Despite this, they all have the same meaning and will provide support to your statement without too much repetition.

What Can I Say Instead of Furthermore ?

Chances are you’ll need to link points together more than once in a piece of writing. Switch out repeated instances of furthermore for some of these synonyms to keep your writing fresh:

Additionally

• What’s more

What Is Another Way to Say Additionally ?

If you struggle to remember what furthermore means, you can think of it as a synonym for additionally . But what if you have already used furthermore and additionally in your writing?

Here are even more synonyms for furthermore and additionally :

On top of that

• On top of everything else
• As well as that
• In addition to everything else
• By the same token
• Over and above that
• Not to mention
• On top of this
• In addition to this
• As well as this

What Are Some Synonyms of Furthermore in a Sentence?

When speaking or writing, it’s advisable to vary your words to communicate effectively. One way to do this is to use other words with the same meaning.

For instance, in an excerpt, you can mention furthermore two to three times and then use synonyms to support your message. Here are some examples of how you can use a furthermore synonym in your content.

• The music class will last for two hours this Friday. Additionally , it will include some group lessons.

Over and Above That

• Over and above that , our work performance has increased this past year.
• There are many ways to get there, but the train is the most used here. Besides the train, you can use the bus service for your trip tomorrow.

What’s More

• I can take you shopping tomorrow morning. What’s more , I know the best place to get a good bargain.

In Addition

• In addition , I forgot to bring my phone charger today.

The price of these shoes is reasonable. Moreover , the pair fits me very well.

• On top of that , I had to walk to the mall.

Varying your transitions is important—and so is using enough transitions. You should start around 25% of your sentences with a transition word to keep your ideas flowing smoothly.

Check you’re using enough transitions in your writing with ProWritingAid’s Transition Report .

You’ll see your transitions listed in the report panel so you can check you aren’t overusing certain words or transition types.

Sign up for a free ProWritingAid account to check your transitions today.

Does Moreover Mean Furthermore ?

Furthermore and moreover are interchangeably used as synonyms. The definition is similar. Moreover is also added to provide additional support to an argument.

When should you use moreover ? Unlike other furthermore synonyms, moreover is more authoritative and has a forceful tone. While furthermore is a continuation of what has been said, moreover is an intensifier.

Grammatically, the words furthermore and moreover can be used in place of one another. If you need to use them in the same paragraph, use moreover first and then furthermore .

Here are some examples:

• I think you should search for another house. Moreover , there are new apartments just across the street.
• Life has become very tough since I finished college I got divorced and everything in my house was stolen. Moreover , I lost my job, so I’m still looking for employment.

Is Furthermore a Complex Word?

Yes, it is. Furthermore is a conjunctive adverb. Therefore, when using it to connect two independent sentences, there’s a basic rule that you should follow.

If these two parts of text can independently stand separately, you’ll need to use a semicolon instead of a comma. The other alternative is to use a period right before the conjunctive phrase.

• Whitney Houston was a songwriter and singer; furthermore, she was one of the greatest vocalists of all time.

Since you can easily confuse what punctuation you should put before or after furthermore , it’s best to use our Grammar Report when proofreading your content. This will show you where you’ve made possible errors and how to correct them.

Here’s an example:

Furthermore is an important transition phrase in both writing and speech. For the text to make sense, use the term in the right place. Wrong placement of furthermore can alter the entire meaning and flow of a paragraph and lead to miscommunication.

When the text contains complex phrases, you can use furthermore to break it down into simpler sentences. When the information is split this way, the reader can concentrate much better. Long sentences can be too hard to read.

The term can also be placed either at the beginning or in the middle of the text. This way, it becomes easier to read.

Furthermore is a pretty vital word which makes it easy to overuse. Bookmark this article for when you need a reminder of all its alternatives.

Don’t forget, you can always use ProWritingAid’s Word Explorer for inspiration.

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Synonyms of 'additionally' in British English

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Thesaurus Definition of additional

Synonyms & Similar Words

• supplementary
• supplemental
• complementary
• supernumerary
• contributory
• supervenient

Antonyms & Near Antonyms

Thesaurus Entries Near additional

additionally

Cite this Entry

“Additional.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/additional. Accessed 23 Apr. 2024.

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From NPR President and CEO Katherine Maher: Thoughts on our mission and our work

The message below was sent by NPR's President and CEO to all staff:

This has been a long week. I'll apologize in advance for the length of this note, and for it being the first way so many of you hear from me on more substantive issues. Thanks for bearing with me, as there's a lot that should be said.

I joined this organization because public media is essential for an informed public. At its best, our work can help shape and illuminate the very sense of what it means to have a shared public identity as fellow Americans in this sprawling and enduringly complex nation.

NPR's service to this aspirational mission was called in question this week, in two distinct ways. The first was a critique of the quality of our editorial process and the integrity of our journalists. The second was a criticism of our people on the basis of who we are.

Asking a question about whether we're living up to our mission should always be fair game: after all, journalism is nothing if not hard questions. Questioning whether our people are serving our mission with integrity, based on little more than the recognition of their identity, is profoundly disrespectful, hurtful, and demeaning.

It is deeply simplistic to assert that the diversity of America can be reduced to any particular set of beliefs, and faulty reasoning to infer that identity is determinative of one's thoughts or political leanings. Each of our colleagues are here because they are excellent, accomplished professionals with an intense commitment to our work: we are stronger because of the work we do together, and we owe each other our utmost respect. We fulfill our mission best when we look and sound like the country we serve.

NPR has some of the finest reporters, editors, and producers in journalism. Our reporting and programming is not only consistently recognized and rewarded for its quality, depth, and nuance; but at its best, it makes a profound difference in people's lives. Parents, patients, veterans, students, and so many more have directly benefited from the impact of our journalism. People come to work here because they want to report, and report deeply, in service to an informed public, and to do work that makes a difference.

This is the work of our people, and our people represent America, our irreducibly complex nation. Given the very real challenges of covering the myriad perspectives, motivations, and interests of a nation of more than 330 million very different people, we succeed through our diversity. This is a bedrock institutional commitment, hard-won, and hard-protected.

We recognize that this work is a public trust, one established by Congress more than 50 years ago with the creation of the public broadcasting system. In order to hold that trust, we owe it our continued, rigorous accountability. When we are asked questions about who we serve and how that influences our editorial choices, we should be prepared to respond. It takes great strength to be comfortable with turning the eye of journalistic accountability inwards, but we are a news organization built on a foundation of robust editorial standards and practices, well-constructed to withstand the hardest of gazes.

It is true that our audiences have unquestionably changed over the course of the past two decades. There is much to be proud of here: through difficult, focused work, we have earned new trust from younger, more diverse audiences, particularly in our digital experiences. These audiences constitute new generations of listeners, are more representative of America, and our changing patterns of listening, viewing, and reading.

At the same time, we've seen some concerning changes: the diffusion of drivetime, an audience skewing further away in age from the general population, and significant changes in political affiliations have all been reflected in the changing composition of our broadcast radio audiences. Of course, some of these changes are representative of trends outside our control — but we owe it to our mission and public interest mandate to ask, what levers do we hold?

A common quality of exceptional organizations is humility and the ability to learn. We owe it to our public interest mandate to ask ourselves: could we serve more people, from broader audiences across America? Years ago we began asking this question as part of our North Star work to earn the trust of new audiences. And more recently, this is why the organization has taken up the call of audience data, awareness, and research: so we can better understand who we are serving, and who we are not.

Our initial research has shown that curiosity is the unifying throughline for people who enjoy NPR's journalism and programming. Curiosity to know more, to learn, to experience, to change. This is a compelling insight, as curiosity only further expands the universe of who we might serve. It's a cross-cutting trait, pretty universal to all people, and found in just about every demographic in every part of the nation.

As an organization, we must invest in the resources that will allow us to be as curious as the audiences we serve, and expand our efforts to understand how to serve our nation better. We recently completed in-depth qualitative research with a wide range of listeners across the country, learning in detail what they think about NPR and how they view our journalism. Over the next two years we plan to conduct audience research across our entire portfolio of programming, in order to give ourselves the insight we need to extend the depth and breadth of our service to the American public.

It is also essential that we listen closely to the insights and experiences of our colleagues at our 248 Member organizations. Their presence across America is foundational to our mission: serving and engaging audiences that are as diverse as our nation: urban and rural, liberal and conservative, rich and poor, often together in one community.

We will begin by implementing an idea that has been proposed for some time: establishing quarterly NPR Network-wide editorial planning and review meetings, as a complement to our other channels for Member station engagement. These will serve as a venue for NPR newsroom leadership to hear directly from Member organization editorial leaders on how our journalism serves the needs of audiences in their communities, and a coordination mechanism for Network-wide editorial planning and newsgathering. We're starting right away: next week we plan to invite Members to join us for an initial scoping conversation.

And in the spirit of learning from our own work, we will introduce regular opportunities to connect what our research is telling us about our audiences to the practical application of how we're serving them. As part of the ongoing unification of our Content division, Interim Chief Content Officer, Edith Chapin, will establish a broad-based, rotating group that will meet monthly to review our coverage across all platforms. Some professions call this a retro, a braintrust, a 'crit,' or tuning session — this is an opportunity to take a break from the relentless pressure of the clock in order to reflect on how we're meeting our mandate, what we're catching and what we're missing, and learn from our colleagues in a climate of respectful, open-minded discussion.

The spirit of our founding newsroom and network was one of experimentation, creativity, and direct connection with our listeners across America. Our values are a direct outgrowth of this moment: the independence of a public trust, the responsibility to capture the voice and spirit of a nation, a willingness to push boundaries to tell the stories that matter. We're no strangers to change, continuously evolving as our network has grown, our programming has expanded, and our audiences have diversified — and as we look to a strategy that captures these values and opportunities, the future holds more change yet.

Two final thoughts on our mission:

I once heard missions like ours described as asymptotic — we can see our destination and we strive for it, but may never fully meet it. The value is in the continued effort: the challenge stretches on toward infinity and we follow, ever closer. Some people might find that exhausting. I suspect they don't work here. I suspect that you do because you find that challenge a means to constantly renew your work, and to reinfuse our mission with meaning as our audiences and world continues to change.

The strongest, most effective, and enduring missions are those that are owned far beyond the walls of their institution. Our staff, our Member stations, our donors, our listeners and readers, our ardent fans, even our loyal opposition all have a part to play: each of us come to the work because we believe in it, even as we each may have different perspectives on how we succeed. Every person I have met so far in my three weeks here has shown me how they live our mission every day, in their work and in their contributions to the community.

Continuing to uphold our excellence with confidence, having inclusive conversations that bridge perspectives, and learning more about the audiences we serve in order to continue to grow and thrive, adding more light to the illumination of who we are as a shared body public: I look forward to how we will do this work together.

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Hundreds of Jan. 6 Prosecutions—Including Donald Trump’s—Are Suddenly in Peril at the Supreme Court

Will the Supreme Court jeopardize the prosecution of more than 350 defendants involved with Jan. 6, including Donald Trump, by gutting the federal statute that prohibits their unlawful conduct? Maybe so. Tuesday’s oral arguments in Fischer v. United States were rough sledding for the government, as the conservative justices lined up to thwap Joe Biden’s Department of Justice for allegedly overreaching in its pursuit of Jan. 6 convictions. Six members of the court took turns wringing their hands over the application of a criminal obstruction law to the rioters, fretting that they faced overly harsh penalties for participating in the violent attack. Unmentioned but lurking in the background was Trump himself, who can wriggle out of two major charges against him with a favorable decision in this case.

There are, no doubt, too many criminal laws whose vague wording gives prosecutors near-limitless leeway to threaten citizens with decades in prison. But this isn’t one of them. Congress wrote a perfectly legible law and the overwhelming majority of judges have had no trouble applying it. It would be all too telling if the Supreme Court decides to pretend the statute is somehow too sweeping or jumbled to use as a tool of accountability for Jan. 6.

Start with the obstruction law itself, known as Section 1552(c), which Congress enacted to close loopholes that Enron exploited to impede probes into its misconduct . The provision is remarkably straightforward—a far cry from the ambiguous, sloppy, or muddled laws that typically flummox the judiciary. It’s a mainstay of the Department of Justice’s “Capitol siege” prosecutions, deployed in about a quarter of all cases. Overall, 350 people face charges under this statute, Trump among them , and the DOJ has used it to secure the convictions of about 150 rioters . It targets anyone who “corruptly … obstructs, influences, or impedes any official proceeding, or attempts to do so.” And it clarifies that an official proceeding includes “a proceeding before the Congress.”

The government argues that some rioters attempted to “obstruct” an “official proceeding” by halting the count of electoral votes through “corrupt” means. That includes Joseph Fischer, the defendant in the current case. Fischer, who served as a police officer before Jan. 6, allegedly texted that the protest “might get violent”; that “they should storm the capital and drag all the democrates [sic] into the street and have a mob trial”; and that protesters should “take democratic congress to the gallows,” because they “can’t vote if they can’t breathe..lol.” Video evidence shows Fischer assaulting multiple police officers on the afternoon of Jan. 6 after breaching the Capitol.

Would anyone seriously argue that this person did not attempt to corruptly obstruct an official proceeding? For a time, it seemed not: 14 of the 15 federal judges—all but Judge Carl Nichols in this case—considering the charge in various Jan. 6 cases agreed that it applied to violent rioters bent on stopping the electoral count. So did every judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit except one, Judge Gregory Katsas. Both Nichols and Katsas were appointed by Trump. Their crusade to kneecap the law caught SCOTUS’ attention, and the court decided to intervene despite overwhelming consensus among lower court judges. The Supreme Court’s decision will have major implications for Trump: Two of the four charges brought by special counsel Jack Smith in the former president’s Jan. 6 prosecution revolve around this offense. A ruling that eviscerates the obstruction law would arguably cut out the heart of the indictment.

At least three justices seem ready to do just that. Justice Clarence Thomas—back on the bench after yesterday’s unexplained absence —grilled Solicitor General Elizabeth Prelogar over the law’s application to Jan. 6. “There have been many violent protests that have interfered with proceedings. Has the government applied this provision to other protests in the past?” Thomas asked, as if to nail the Justice Department for inconsistency and reveal some improper motive for wielding the law against violent insurrectionists. Justice Neil Gorsuch trolled Prelogar by alluding to Democratic Rep. Jamaal Bowman’s infamous fire alarm incident . “Would pulling a fire alarm before a vote qualify for 20 years in federal prison?” he asked. Justice Samuel Alito joined in to ask about “protests in the courtroom” when an audience member interrupts the justices and “delays the proceeding for five minutes.”

“For all the protests that have occurred in this court,” Alito noted pointedly, “the Justice Department has not charged any serious offenses, and I don’t think any one of those protestors has been sentenced to even one day in prison.” Why, he wondered, weren’t they charged under the obstruction statute?

Alito, audibly angry, continued: “Yesterday protestors blocked the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco and disrupted traffic in San Francisco,” he told Prelogar. “What if something similar to that happened all around the Capitol so … all the bridges from Virginia were blocked, and members from Virginia who needed to appear at a hearing couldn’t get there or were delayed in getting there? Would that be a violation of this provision?”

To be clear, this is trolling: There is simply no comparison between a violent attack on the Capitol and protests that take the form of civil disobedience. And these justices expressed no similar concern about an ongoing red-state effort to persecute peaceful protesters who participate in Black Lives Matter demonstrations. Gorsuch and Alito’s hypotheticals ignore the reality that there are two layers of protection between minor protests and this rather major law. First, the Constitution affords prosecutorial discretion to the executive branch, allowing the Department of Justice to decide when an illegal “protest” is dangerous enough to warrant the use of a criminal law like the obstruction statute. Second, prosecutors must always prove the alleged offense to a jury, beyond a reasonable doubt, creating a democratic check on the abusive use of a stringent law to punish a silly crime.

Prelogar highlighted this latter point, explaining that juries have indeed acquitted Jan. 6 defendants of obstruction. If prosecutors ever apply this (or any other) criminal statute to a questionable set of facts, they may always be thwarted by a jury. That is how the system is meant to work.

This kind of behavior from Thomas, Gorsuch, and Alito is no surprise at this point. And the liberal justices countered them as best they could. What’s troubling is that the other conservative justices jumped in to join the pile-on. Chief Justice John Roberts insistently pressed Prelogar to prove that the Justice Department has interpreted and enforced the obstruction law consistently in the past. This question ignored the fact that, as Prelogar reminded the court, there has never been any crime like the assault on the Capitol , so the agency had no prior opportunity to apply the law in any similar way.

Justice Brett Kavanaugh suggested that the Justice Department didn’t really need this statute because it has other laws at its disposal. “There are six other counts in the indictment here,” he told Prelogar. Why “aren’t those six counts good enough just from the Justice Department’s perspective given that they don’t have any of the hurdles?” Of course, the DOJ brought the obstruction charge specifically because it was more serious than the others; prosecutors felt an obligation to enforce Congress’ strong protections against intrusions on official proceedings, including those in the Capitol. Kavanaugh appears to think the DOJ should have settled for a smattering of lesser charges. Justice Amy Coney Barrett was not so obtuse; she earnestly worried that the statute was too broad and fished around for narrowing constructions. Yet she seemed unsatisfied with the many options Prelogar provided to keep the law limited to the most egregious interruptions of government business.

What all six justices seemed tempted to do was rip up Section 1552(c) because it happens to include another sentence that applies to the destruction of evidence and other official documents. Jan. 6 rioters didn’t destroy evidence, this argument goes, so they can’t be culpable under a law. That reading is untenable , something Prelogar impressively reinforced at every turn on Tuesday, but it may be attractive if a majority wants to defuse this statute before it’s used against Trump in a court of law.

Smith’s indictment of the former president for his participation in Jan. 6 doesn’t entirely hinge on obstruction. It does, however, weave obstruction into both the facts and the legal theory of the case, placing it at the center of a broader criminal conspiracy to overturn the 2020 election. If SCOTUS defuses the law now, Smith would have to scrap two of four charges and restructure the entire indictment, making it that much easier for Trump to demand further delay and, eventually, evade a conviction.

The justices know this. They should have been on their best behavior on Tuesday to avoid any glimmer of impropriety. It was already profoundly disturbing that Thomas sat on the case given his wife’s involvement with the attempt to overturn the election. The other justices’ faux concern about overcriminalization of protesters only added to the foul smell emanating from arguments. There’s no telling how Fischer will turn out; maybe the liberal justices will help their colleagues rediscover their better angels behind the scenes. From Tuesday’s vantage point, though, the argument was a bleak reminder of how easy it is for cloistered jurists to wish away the massive stakes of a case like this.

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Taylor Swift’s ‘Poets’ Arrives With a Promotional Blitz (and a Second LP)

The pop superstar’s latest album was preceded by a satellite radio channel, a word game, a return to TikTok and an actual library. For her fans, more is always welcome.

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By Ben Sisario

Taylor Swift was already the most ubiquitous pop star in the galaxy, her presence dominating the music charts, the concert calendar, the Super Bowl, the Grammys.

Then it came time for her to promote a new album.

In the days leading up to the release of “The Tortured Poets Department” on Friday, Swift became all but inescapable, online and seemingly everywhere else. Her lyrics were the basis for an Apple Music word game . A Spotify-sponsored, Swift-branded “ library installation ,” in muted pink and gray, popped up in a shopping complex in Los Angeles. In Chicago, a QR code painted on a brick wall directed fans to another Easter egg on YouTube. Videos on Swift’s social media accounts, showing antique typewriters and globes with pins, were dissected for clues about her music. SiriusXM added a Swift radio station; of course it’s called Channel 13 (Taylor’s Version).

About the only thing Swift didn’t do was an interview with a journalist.

At this stage in Swift’s career, an album release is more than just a moment to sell music; it’s all but a given that “The Tortured Poets Department” will open with gigantic sales numbers, many of them for “ghost white,” “phantom clear” and other collector-ready vinyl variants . More than that, the album’s arrival is a test of the celebrity-industrial complex overall, with tech platforms and media outlets racing to capture whatever piece of the fan frenzy they can get.

Threads, the newish social media platform from Meta, primed Swifties for their idol’s arrival there, and offered fans who shared Swift’s first Threads post a custom badge. Swift stunned the music industry last week by breaking ranks with her record label, Universal, and returning her music to TikTok, which Universal and other industry groups have said pays far too little in royalties. Overnight, TikTok unveiled “The Ultimate Taylor Swift In-App Experience,” offering fans digital goodies like a “Tortured Poets-inspired animation” on their feed.

Before the album’s release on Friday, Swift revealed that a music video — for “Fortnight,” the first single, featuring Post Malone — would arrive on Friday at 8 p.m. Eastern time. At 2 a.m., she had another surprise: 15 more songs. “I’d written so much tortured poetry in the past 2 years and wanted to share it all with you,” she wrote in a social media post , bringing “The Anthology” edition of the album to 31 tracks.

“The Tortured Poets Department,” which Swift, 34, announced in a Grammy acceptance speech in February — she had the Instagram post ready to go — lands as Swift’s profile continues to rise to ever-higher levels of cultural saturation.

Her Eras Tour , begun last year, has been a global phenomenon, crashing Ticketmaster and lifting local economies ; by some estimates, it might bring in as much as $2 billion in ticket sales — by far a new record — before it ends later this year. Swift’s romance with the Kansas City Chiefs tight end Travis Kelce has been breathlessly tracked from its first flirtations last summer to their smooch on the Super Bowl field in February. The mere thought that Swift might endorse a presidential candidate this year sent conspiracy-minded politicos reeling .

“The Tortured Poets Department” — don’t even ask about the missing apostrophe — arrived accompanied by a poem written by Stevie Nicks that begins, “He was in love with her/Or at least she thought so.” That establishes what many fans correctly anticipated as the album’s theme of heartbreak and relationship rot, Swift’s signature topic. “I love you/It’s ruining my life,” she sings on “Fortnight.”

Fans were especially primed for the fifth track, “So Long, London,” given that (1) Swift has said she often sequences her most vulnerable and emotionally intense songs fifth on an LP, and (2) the title suggested it may be about Joe Alwyn, the English actor who was Swift’s boyfriend for about six years, reportedly until early 2023 . Indeed, “So Long” is an epic breakup tune, with lines like “You left me at the house by the heath” and “I’m pissed off you let me give you all that youth for free.” Tracks from the album leaked on Wednesday, and fans have also interpreted some songs as being about Matty Healy , the frontman of the band the 1975, whom Swift was briefly linked to last year.

The album’s title song starts with a classic Swift detail of a memento from a lost love: “You left your typewriter at my apartment/Straight from the tortured poets department.” It also name-drops Dylan Thomas, Patti Smith and, somewhat surprisingly given that company, Charlie Puth, the singer-songwriter who crooned the hook on Wiz Khalifa’s “See You Again,” a No. 1 hit in 2015. (Swift has praised Wiz Khalifa and that song in the past.)

Other big moments include “Florida!!!,” featuring Florence Welch of Florence + the Machine, in which Swift declares — after seven big percussive bangs — that the state “is one hell of a drug.” Jack Antonoff and Aaron Dessner, the producers and songwriters who have been Swift’s primary collaborators in recent years, both worked on “Tortured Poets,” bringing their signature mix of moody, pulsating electronic tracks and delicate acoustic moments, like a bare piano on “Loml” (as in “love of my life”).

As the ninth LP Swift has released in five years, “Tortured Poets” is the latest entry in a remarkable creative streak. That includes five new studio albums and four rerecordings of her old music — each of which sailed to No. 1. When Swift played SoFi Stadium near Los Angeles in August, she spoke from the stage about her recording spurt, saying that the forced break from touring during the Covid-19 pandemic had spurred her to connect with fans by releasing more music.

“And so I decided, in order to keep that connection going,” she said , “if I couldn’t play live shows with you, I was going to make and release as many albums as humanly possible.”

That was two albums ago.

Ben Sisario covers the music industry. He has been writing for The Times since 1998. More about Ben Sisario

Inside the World of Taylor Swift

A Triumph at the Grammys: Taylor Swift made history  by winning her fourth album of the year at the 2024 edition of the awards, an event that saw women take many of the top awards .

‘The T ortured Poets Department’: Poets reacted to Swift’s new album name , weighing in on the pertinent question: What do the tortured poets think ?  

In the Public Eye: The budding romance between Swift and the football player Travis Kelce created a monocultural vortex that reached its apex  at the Super Bowl in Las Vegas. Ahead of kickoff, we revisited some key moments in their relationship .

Politics (Taylor’s Version): After months of anticipation, Swift made her first foray into the 2024 election for Super Tuesday with a bipartisan message on Instagram . The singer, who some believe has enough influence  to affect the result of the election , has yet to endorse a presidential candidate.

Conspiracy Theories: In recent months, conspiracy theories about Swift and her relationship with Kelce have proliferated , largely driven by supporters of former President Donald Trump . The pop star's fans are shaking them off .

Love the rain? There's a word for that. Learn these 10 obscure nature words on Earth Day

April is Earth Month, marking the annual Earth Day on April 22. There's no better way to honor this occasion than by immersing oneself in nature.

If you've ever inhaled the refreshing scent of the first rain as it falls onto Earth, you've encountered the fragrance of petrichor . The scent is a blend of volatile plant oils and the organic compound geosmin, which is released from the soil into the air, along with ozone carried by downdrafts.

Similarly, if you've strolled through a forest during daylight, you've likely witnessed komorebi , a Japanese term that roughly translates as “the scattered light that filters through when sunlight shines through tree."

Here are some additional natural phenomena you may have encountered but lacked the vocabulary to articulate.

More: Texans across the state are celebrating Earth Day. Here's why we celebrate the holiday

If you've ever awakened to the melodious chirping of birds in the early morning, you've experienced gökotta , a Swedish term that signifies "a dawn picnic to hear the first bird song."

Have you ever experienced a gentle, almost dew-like rainfall after sunset, even when the sky appears clear with no clouds in sight? That's serein — and it's a familiar feeling in the tropics.

As you sit by a lake or pond, you might notice your body illuminated by the bright reflection of moonlight on the water's surface — a phenomenon referred to as moonglade .

Dendrophile

A person who often finds themselves among the forest might be a dendrophile , defined as "a person who loves trees."

Few sensations compare to apricity , the comforting warmth of the sun during winter.

If you've ever sat outdoors on a serene day and enjoyed the gentle rustling of leaves in the breeze, you're acquainted with psithurism , which is the sound of leaves rustling.

Pluviophile

Enjoying the sounds, sights and smells of rainfall is someone who may consider themselves a pluviophile .

Frondescence

In early spring, many trees and plants are still undergoing frondescence , the process during which they put forth their earliest leaves.

A similar term already exists; to bask in the warmth of the sun is to apricate , akin to the word apricity.

Got a widely unknown word that you like? Whether it's related to nature or something else, please share your favorite obscure word with [email protected] .