child labour essay in punjabi

High contrast
Our history
Children in India
Our partners
Where we work
Frequently asked questions
Press centre

Search UNICEF

Child labour rises to 160 million – first increase in two decades, the international labour organization and unicef warn 9 million additional children at risk as a result of covid-19 pandemic.

Portrait of Dalpesh Devada 15 – year – old works at the brick kiln.

Multimedia content available to download here

NEW YORK/GENEVA, 10 June 2021 – The number of children in child labour has risen to 160 million worldwide – an increase of 8.4 million children in the last four years – with millions more at risk due to the impacts of COVID-19, according to a new report by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and UNICEF.

Child Labour: Global estimates 2020, trends and the road forward – released ahead of World Day Against Child Labour on 12 th June – warns that progress to end child labour has stalled for the first time in 20 years, reversing the previous downward trend that saw child labour fall by 94 million between 2000 and 2016.

The report points to a significant rise in the number of children aged 5 to 11 years in child labour, who now account for just over half of the total global figure. The number of children aged 5 to 17 years in hazardous work – defined as work that is likely to harm their health, safety or morals – has risen by 6.5 million to 79 million since 2016.

“The new estimates are a wake-up call. We cannot stand by while a new generation of children is put at risk,” said ILO Director-General Guy Ryder. “Inclusive social protection allows families to keep their children in school even in the face of economic hardship. Increased investment in rural development and decent work in agriculture is essential. We are at a pivotal moment and much depends on how we respond. This is a time for renewed commitment and energy, to turn the corner and break the cycle of poverty and child labour.”

In sub-Saharan Africa, population growth, recurrent crises, extreme poverty, and inadequate social protection measures have led to an additional 16.6 million children in child labour over the past four years.

Even in regions where there has been some headway since 2016, such as Asia and the Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean, COVID-19 is endangering that progress.

The report warns that globally, 9 million additional children are at risk of being pushed into child labour by the end of 2022 as a result of the pandemic. A simulation model shows this number could rise to 46 million if they don’t have access to critical social protection coverage.

Additional economic shocks and school closures caused by COVID-19 mean that children already in child labour may be working longer hours or under worsening conditions, while many more may be forced into the worst forms of child labour due to job and income losses among vulnerable families.

“We are losing ground in the fight against child labour, and the last year has not made that fight any easier,” said UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore. “Now, well into a second year of global lockdowns, school closures, economic disruptions, and shrinking national budgets, families are forced to make heart-breaking choices. We urge governments and international development banks to prioritize investments in programmes that can get children out of the workforce and back into school, and in social protection programmes that can help families avoid making this choice in the first place.”

Other key findings in the report include:

The agriculture sector accounts for 70 per cent of children in child labour (112 million) followed by 20 per cent in services (31.4 million) and 10 per cent in industry (16.5 million).
Nearly 28 per cent of children aged 5 to 11 years and 35 per cent of children aged 12 to 14 years in child labour are out of school.
Child labour is more prevalent among boys than girls at every age. When household chores performed for at least 21 hours per week are taken into account, the gender gap in child labour narrows.
The prevalence of child labour in rural areas (14 per cent) is close to three times higher than in urban areas (5 per cent).

Children in child labour are at risk of physical and mental harm. Child labour compromises children’s education, restricting their rights and limiting their future opportunities, and leads to vicious inter-generational cycles of poverty and child labour.

To reverse the upward trend in child labour, the ILO and UNICEF are calling for:

Adequate social protection for all, including universal child benefits.
Increased spending on quality education and getting all children back into school - including children who were out of school before COVID-19.
Promotion of decent work for adults, so families don’t have to resort to children helping to generate family income.
An end to harmful gender norms and discrimination that influence child labour.
Investment in child protection systems, agricultural development, rural public services, infrastructure and livelihoods.

As part of the International Year for the Elimination of Child Labour , the global partnership Alliance 8.7 , of which UNICEF and ILO are partners, is encouraging member States, business, trade unions, civil society, and regional and international organizations to redouble their efforts in the global fight against child labour by making concrete action pledges.

During a week of action from 10 – 17 June, ILO Director-General Guy Ryder and UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore will join other high-level speakers and youth advocates at a high-level event during the International Labour Conference to discuss the release of the new global estimates and the roadmap ahead.

INDIA: Note to Editors

As per Census 2011, the total child population in India in the age group 5-14 years is 259.6 million with over 10 million (4% of total child population) being working, either as ’main worker’ or ‘marginal worker’. The Census data indicates decreased incidence of child labour in India by 2.6 million between 2001 and 2011. The data shows greater decline in rural than in urban areas. The increase in rural-to-urban migration is driving demand for child workers in urban areas.

However, (little evidence or data available as yet), it is expected that COVID-19 and subsequent economic distress will have increased the risk of child labour. The closure of 1.5 million schools due to the pandemic and lockdowns in India has impacted 247 million children enrolled in elementary and secondary schools and added to the risk of them slipping into child labour and unsafe migration.

Dr Yasmin Ali Haque, UNICEF India Representative said, “The pandemic has clearly emerged as a child rights crisis, aggravating the risk of child labour as many more families are likely to have fallen into extreme poverty. Children in poor and disadvantaged households in India are now at a greater risk of negative coping mechanisms such as dropping out of school and being forced into labour, marriage, and even falling victim to trafficking. We are also seeing children lose parents and caregivers to the virus - leaving them destitute, without parental care. These children are at extremely vulnerable to neglect, abuse and exploitation.”

“We must act fast to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic from becoming a lasting crisis for children in India, especially those who are most vulnerable.”

UNICEF is appealing to all Governments, decision-makers, families, and individuals to do everything they can to promote and protect the rights of all children, ensuring Covid-19 does not bring further risk and harm to the most vulnerable."

The ILO and UNICEF in India are committed to support Government of India for joint action on elimination of child labour and achieving SDG 8.7.

Notes to Editors

Child Labour: Global estimates 2020, trends and the road forward is the first-ever joint ILO-UNICEF report on child labour estimates and forms part of a broader inter-agency effort to measure and monitor progress towards target 8.7 of the Sustainable Development Goals. Estimates are based on the extrapolation of data from 106 surveys covering more than 70 per cent of the world population of children aged 5 to 17 years old.

Download report: https://data.unicef.org/resources/child-labour-2020-global-estimates-trends-and-the-road-forward/

For further information, please contact:

Alka Gupta, Communications Specialist, [email protected]/ 7303289173

Sonia Sarkar, Communication Officer, [email protected] /9810170289

Media contacts

Additional resources.

Additional resources for media

The only tripartite U.N. agency, since 1919 the ILO brings together governments, employers and workers of 187 member States, to set labour standards, develop policies and devise programmes promoting decent work for all women and men.

About UNICEF

UNICEF promotes the rights and wellbeing of every child, in everything we do. Together with our partners, we work in 190 countries and territories to translate that commitment into practical action, focusing special effort on reaching the most vulnerable and excluded children, to the benefit of all children, everywhere.

UNICEF India relies on the support and donations from businesses and individuals to sustain and expand health, nutrition, water and sanitation, education and child protection programmes for all girls and boys in India. Support us today to help every child survive and thrive!

For more information on UNICEF India and its work visit https://www.unicef.org/india/ . Follow us on Twitter , Facebook , Instagram , Google+ and LinkedIn

Meet the new UNICEF India Youth advocates

Gaurnashi, Nahid, Vinisha, Kartik sign up as new advocates for rights of children

Unleash Your Potential

I hope my story inspires young girls to think differently and who are determined to make a positive impact on our planet.

The Fun(Doo) Way to Upskill Yourself for the Future

An interactive chat-bot is changing lives of youth across India – in a manner that’s educative, easy and fun

My Shodhganga
Receive email updates
Edit Profile

Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

Shodhganga@INFLIBNET
Punjabi University
Department of Public Administration

Items in Shodhganga are licensed under Creative Commons Licence Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

We're Hiring!
Help Center

An analytical study of child labour in the agriculture sector of the rural areas of central Punjab, Pakistan

2020, Sri Lanka journal of social sciences

Related Papers

Pakistan Journal of International Affairs

shakir adam

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture

Khizar Hayat

Child labor is a serious social issue of the present era especially in the developing countries like Pakistan. Majority of the children in Pakistan are still working at hotels, tea-stalls, factories and brick-kilns and they are forced to earn money in order to fulfill the needs of the family or add to the income of the family. They are living in a miserable plight and pity condition. They have to work for long hours which affect their health. The number of child laborers in our country is about 12 million. The present study was carried out in two districts (Mandi Bahauddin& Faisalabad) of Punjab. The main objective of the study was to explore various socioeconomic factors paving the way for child labor in society. The universe of the present study was the city areas and suburbs of district Faisalabad & Mandi Bahauddin consisting hotels, workshops, tea-stalls and brick-kilns. Multistage sampling technique was used for the present study. At first stage, two districts (Faisalabad & Mandi Bahauddin) of Punjab province were randomly selected. At the second stage, city areas of these two districts were selected randomly for the selection of sample. At the third stage, a sample of 200 respondents (100 from each district) who were doing labor and working at hotels, workshops, tea-stalls and brick-kilns of the city areas was taken through convenient sampling. The data were collected by designing a well-structured interview schedule. The collected data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of the study showed that majority of the respondents were doing labor due to poverty and to support the family income. The other major reason of their labor was parents' illiteracy. Their main problem was long working hours and continue work schedule which had bad and serious physical and metal effects on their health.

SSRN Electronic Journal

Rana Ejaz Ali Khan

casestudies journal , Erum Khushnood Zahid Shaikh

Child labor has been recognized as a serious and challenging issue in the civilized societies all over the world as well as in Pakistan. In Pakistan, children as labor force providing their services in various formal and informal sectors of economy. Therefore, this research paper aims at analyzing the socioeconomic factors of child labor and to assess the working condition of child labor in Hyderabad District of Sindh, Pakistan. This research also analyzes the kinds of problems faced by children at working place. A sample of 80 children was interviewed at their working place from Hyderabad district. The data was collected by using pre-designed questionnaire. Study found that the poverty and lack of government attention towards socio-economical issues are the major reasons of existing child labor in Pakistan. It is suggested that government have take effective initiatives to control the child labor in Pakistan.

Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention

Umer Khalid

The problem of child labour persists even in the presence of trade sanctions and legislation. In fact, trade restrictions and laws are only demand side factors, and they can intensify the problem, which could result in children being diverted to less desirable or more ...

Ramsha Altaf

The work which affects the education, dignity and health of a child is known as child labor. It exists in agriculture sector of Pakistan mostly in the form of hazardous work. The main objective of the study was to investigate the degree of knowledge of cotton growers on child labor issue with special reference to Decent Work of International Labor Organization (ILO). The study was conducted in Bahawalpur district where Decent Work has been implemented by World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)-Pakistan since 2013 as a part of its Sustainable Agriculture Program. Three categories of farmers were identified among a total of 388 selected cotton growers i.e. Farmers having high level of awareness, farmers having basic level of awareness and farmers having no awareness of child labor. Farmers were also categorized into three groups on the basis of their land holding i.e. (Category ‘a’) 1-7 acres, (b) >7-20 acres and (c) >20-50 acres. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistical m...

RELATED PAPERS

Jurnal Pendidikan Kedokteran Indonesia: The Indonesian Journal of Medical Education

Tridjoko Hadianto

Holger Benavides Muñoz

STUK-A217 Ympäristön …

C. Fortelius

Hubert Latala

BIO Web of Conferences

Jarosław Frączek

British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology

Pedro Femia

Phytochemistry Reviews

Yasmin Akhtar

Enver Hamiti

Computer Methods and Recent Advances in Geomechanics

Sanjit Biswas

Jurnal Darma Agung

peringatan zebua

International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business

Applied Surface Science

Otilia Rusanescu

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy

Nick Pollard

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology

ANJALI SINGH

Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association

kyusun chung

Yves Pascouau

Open Journal of Environmental Biology

PRAGYAN PRIYADARSHINI

Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics

Dharmappa Hagare

ACTA ZOOLÓGICA MEXICANA (N.S.)

Ralph Harbach

Revue forestière française

Nathalie Bréda

Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas

Manuel Bastias Saavedra

Alice Capobianco

Adnan Zulkiple

St Andrews毕业证书 St Andrews文凭证书

Current Developments in Nutrition

Edward Sazonov

Child Labor and Forced Labor Reports

Moderate Advancement

In 2022, Pakistan made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Pakistan amended existing laws by increasing penalties for crimes related to child trafficking, child pornography, and employing of child domestic workers. The Punjab Labor Department also conducted over 6,000 inspections at brick kilns, identified 239 child labor violations, and arrested 60 perpetrators. Lastly, the Sindh provincial government created a task force to review child labor laws and recommend amendments to fill gaps in current provincial legislation. However, children in Pakistan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in domestic work, brick manufacturing, and agriculture. Pakistan's provincial labor inspectorates do not have sufficient human and financial resources, and enforcement data are unavailable. Furthermore, police corruption, particularly the taking of bribes from suspected perpetrators to ignore child labor crimes and a lack of willingness to conduct criminal investigations, hindered Pakistan's ability to address child labor throughout the country.

Table 1 provides key indicators on children's work and education in Pakistan.

Source for primary completion rate: Data from 2019, published by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2023. (1) Source for all other data: International Labor Organization's analysis of statistics from Labour Force Survey (LFS), 2017–2018 and from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 5, 2014. (2)

Based on a review of available information, Table 2 provides an overview of children's work by sector and activity.

† Determined by national law or regulation as hazardous and, as such, relevant to Article 3(d) of ILO C. 182. ‡ Child labor understood as the worst forms of child labor per se under Article 3(a)–(c) of ILO C. 182.

Child laborers in Pakistan are sometimes subjected to sexual abuse at their places of employment, including in factories and workshops, or while scavenging on the streets. (13,18) They are also sometimes subjected to sexual exploitation to obtain or keep their jobs. (5) Moreover, one in every four households in Pakistan employs children as child domestic workers who sometimes work under conditions of forced labor, experiencing debt bondage, sexual assault, and physical abuse. (5,13,16,17) Since the 2022 floods, more children have entered domestic servitude to repay loans their parents have taken from landlords. (13) Furthermore, reports estimate that around 70 percent of bonded laborers in Pakistan are children, and they make up one-third of the 4 million people working in brick kilns, some working alongside other family members. (13,24) In Sindh Province, almost 700,000 children in the agricultural sector work as bonded laborers. (13)

Some children from Pakistan are kidnapped or sold into organized begging rings, domestic servitude, gangs, and child sex trafficking in Iran. (5,13,25) Organized criminal groups also reportedly force Afghan, Iranian, and Pakistani children, particularly from Dalbadin and Quetta in Balochistan, into drug trafficking. (5,20,25) In addition, children are used in drug smuggling operations along the Afghan border with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. (13,19,26) Moreover, non-state armed militant groups reportedly kidnap children as young as age 12, coerce parents with threats, and recruit children forcibly from madrassas —Islamic religious schools that provide free education and meals to Pakistan's poorest children—to spy, fight, and carry out suicide attacks. (26) Sexual abuse of children in madrassas is also of significant concern. (27,28)

Children in Pakistan face several barriers to education. (13,29) As of 2022, an estimated 22.8 million children in Pakistan were out of school. (13) Insufficient internet coverage in many rural areas, especially in the newly merged tribal districts of the former federally administered tribal areas and in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, has hampered children's access to meaningful learning. (13,29) Many other children face barriers to accessing education, including high rates of teacher absenteeism, inadequate facilities, lack of transportation, school fees, corporal punishment, and child sex abuse, all of which may deter children from attending school. (13,30,31) The 2022 floods further affected children's access to schools, particularly in the rural areas, where 27,000 schools were severely damaged. (13) Schools in Pakistan may also be vulnerable to attacks by armed groups, disrupting children's learning. (8,19,20,25,30,32)

Pakistan has ratified all key international conventions concerning child labor (Table 3).

In November 2022, Pakistan ratified the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. (33,34)

The government has established laws and regulations related to child labor (Table 4). However, gaps exist in Pakistan’s legal framework to adequately protect children from the worst forms of child labor, including the lack of a minimum age for hazardous work protections that extend to all children at the federal level and in some provinces.

* Country has no conscription (46)

The Eighteenth Amendment to the Pakistani Constitution permits provinces to pass laws that govern labor law and children’s welfare. (47,48) Federal law applies only until the province passes a law on the same subject. (47) During the reporting period, the Senate enacted the National Commission on the Rights of the Child (Amendment) Act of 2021, which allows appropriate government ministries to approve policies related to child rights issues without seeking approval from the cabinet, allowing for the issuance of policies in a timely manner. (49) In October 2022, the government also enacted the Islamabad Domestic Workers Act (2022), which applies to the Islamabad Capital Territory and prohibits the employment of children under 16 to work in a household, prescribes imprisonment of up to 1 month for employing children under the age of 12 and a fine of up to $175 (PKR 50,000) for employing a child under the age of 16, and provides other protections, including minimum wage provisions, restrictions on working hours, and regular time off. (13) In addition, the government amended colonial-era law by enacting the Children (Pledging of Labor) (Amendment) Act of 2022, which applies to the Islamabad Capital Territory and provides punishment for parents or guardians pledging the labor of their child to potential employers. (13)

Some of Pakistan’s federal and provincial laws are not in compliance with international standards on child labor. The federal minimum age for work provisions and the minimum age for work laws in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Sindh Provinces do not extend to informal employment, such as domestic work. (35,38,50-53) In addition, as the hazardous work age at the federal level and in Balochistan is less than age 18, it does not meet international standards. (39,54) While the federal government and the four provinces have identified hazardous occupations and activities for children, hazardous work prohibitions do not cover brickmaking, for which there is evidence that children are exposed to environmental health hazards. (10,55) Additionally, hazardous work prohibitions for the federal and provincial governments do not cover child domestic work, for which there is evidence that children are exposed to physical abuse. (19,56) Punjab limits domestic work for children ages 15 to 18 to part-time work that is not likely to harm the health, safety, and education of a domestic worker, but does not prevent children under 18 from engaging in this work. (51) Although laws in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Sindh Provinces prohibit children under age 18 from working in underground mines or above-ground quarries, federal law—which also still applies in Balochistan—does not prohibit children ages 15 to 18 from working in mines, and there is evidence that children in Balochistan are engaged in coal mining, which involves exposure to hazardous substances, work underground, and lethal accidents. (37,47,50,52-54,57,58) Research was unable to locate laws explicitly establishing a minimum age for voluntary state military recruitment or prohibiting the compulsory recruitment of children by state military.

Federal and provincial laws related to forced labor, child trafficking, and commercial sexual exploitation meet international standards. However, federal and provincial laws in Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa do not prohibit the use of children in drug production and drug trafficking. (53,59,60) The federal and provincial governments in Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa have not enacted laws that prohibit the recruitment and use of children by non-state groups in armed conflict. (52,59) Moreover, as the minimum age for work is lower than the compulsory education age, children may be encouraged to leave school before the completion of compulsory education. (45,52,61-63)

The government has established institutional mechanisms for the enforcement of laws and regulations on child labor (Table 5). However, gaps exist within the operations of enforcement agencies that may hinder adequate enforcement of their child labor laws.

Labor Law Enforcement

In 2022, labor law enforcement agencies in Pakistan took actions to address child labor (Table 6). However, gaps exist within the operations of the provincial labor departments that may hinder adequate labor law enforcement, including a lack of human and financial resources.

Pakistan's provinces are responsible for enforcing labor laws and collecting data on labor law enforcement efforts at the district level. However, there is neither a centralized federal repository for enforcement data nor any mechanism for reporting this information; therefore, limited labor inspection data were available for inclusion in this report. (13) Although provincial labor departments reportedly conducted routine inspections, it is unknown whether inspections were targeted in high-risk sectors. (13) Likewise, provincial labor departments permit unannounced inspections, but it is unknown whether unannounced inspections were conducted. Moreover, factory owners in the Sindh province often deny inspectors access to their facilities, and inspections are often announced in advance. (13) Some garment factories reportedly paid bribes to provincial labor officers to avoid inspections, and some factories prevented officials from conducting inspections. (5) However, research indicates that the Punjab Labor Department conducted 53,058 child labor inspections and reported 1,110 violations, resulting in 1,101 police reports that help initiate investigations. The Punjab Labor Department also conducted 6,983 inspections at brick kilns and found 239 child labor violations, making 60 arrests. (13) In addition, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region has eight child protection courts, but as of the end of 2022, these courts had not adjudicated any child labor cases. (13)

The ILO and NGOs report the number of labor inspectors and inspections in Pakistan is insufficient given the size and population of the country. (13,72) Sources also indicate that provincial labor departments lack funding for travel outside of major cities to conduct inspections and some labor inspectors use their personal resources to carry out inspections. (13) In addition, training provided to law enforcement officials during the reporting period was insufficient, and it is unknown whether a reciprocal mechanism exists between law enforcement and social services. (10,13)

Criminal Law Enforcement

In 2022, criminal law enforcement agencies in Pakistan took actions to address child labor (Table 7). However, gaps exist within the operations of enforcement agencies that may hinder adequate criminal law enforcement, including reports of corruption and indifference to worst forms of child labor crimes on the part of investigative officials.

The government did not publish data on efforts to enforce criminal laws prohibiting the worst forms of child labor, including data on the investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, or convictions achieved for inclusion in this report. (3,13) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa did enact the Child Protection and Welfare (Amendment) Act, 2022, which provides sufficiently stringent punishment for perpetrators of child sexual abuse, child pornography, child trafficking, and other offenses related to child rights. (13) However, reports indicate that progress toward the implementation and enforcement of the law has been slow. (13) During the reporting period, the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA)'s Cyber Crime Wing made two arrests related to child pornography that were widely covered in national media. (13,73,74) FIA also conducted trainings on anti-human trafficking standard operating procedures in the capital and in provincial social welfare departments, labor departments, and child protection bureaus in 2022. In addition, FIA worked with the IOM to provide trainings on identifying, screening, and referring survivors of human trafficking and child labor. (13) However, training is inconsistent across Pakistan and omits information on child labor, child trafficking, and sexual exploitation of children. (13)

Police corruption—particularly taking bribes from suspected perpetrators to ignore alleged crimes or refusing to open investigations without bribes—continued to hamper Pakistan's ability to address child sex trafficking and child labor. (5,7) Reports indicated that police sometimes refused to file cases of child sexual exploitation, including sex trafficking, unless the victims paid a bribe. (5,15,19,24) Moreover, the government did not act against reports of official complicity with human trafficking crimes. (5,26) Furthermore, research identified a lack of consistent law enforcement efforts against those who exploit street children, including for forced labor and sex trafficking, and traffickers operate openly and with impunity. (5,20,25)

A majority of the estimated 18,000 brick kilns in Pakistan operates without registration or providing required benefits for workers, particularly those ages 14 to 18. (69,75) Survivors of bonded labor settled for financial compensation rather than criminal prosecution because guidance to pursue a formal criminal case is lacking. (5) Furthermore, some police and other local officials colluded with farm and brick kiln owners to create fake criminal cases against individuals who attempted to escape situations of bonded labor. (7) Research has also found that though the Bonded Labor System (Abolition) Act mandated the creation of District Vigilance Committees (DVCs) in each province to report and file cases, bonded labor survivors had to leave their landowners and file their own cases in court without DVC support. (5) In addition, in some situations in which bonded labor survivors filed cases, the courts either did not pursue prosecutions or notified the survivors' employers of the case. As a result, human trafficking survivors who came forward often faced retaliation from their exploitative employers. (5)

The government has established a key mechanism to coordinate its efforts to address child labor (Table 8). However, gaps exist that hinder the effective coordination of efforts to address child labor, including inadequate funding and human resources at the provincial level for child protection units.

The government has established policies related to child labor (Table 9). However, policy gaps exist that hinder efforts to address child labor, including lack of implementation of key national policies.

In 2022, the National Commission on the Rights of the Child and UNICEF issued a policy brief on child labor. (13) The brief examined the prevailing laws and enforcement mechanisms related to child domestic workers and street children and made recommendations to legislators, policy makers, and government agencies on how to address the prevalence of child domestic workers in Pakistan. (84,85) However, although both the federal and provincial governments have education policies and sector plans, which recognize the role of child labor in limiting student enrollment in schools, they do not offer child labor elimination and prevention strategies. (80)

In 2022, the government funded and participated in programs that include the goal of eliminating or preventing child labor (Table 10). However, gaps exist in these social programs, including inadequate programs to address the full scope of the problem.

For information about USDOL’s projects to address child labor around the world, visit https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/ilab-project-page-search

† Program is funded by the Government of Pakistan.

The government allocated $5.2 million for provincial child labor surveys. Gilgit-Balistan published its survey online and Punjab completed its survey, publication pending. (13,93) The Gilgit-Balistan child labor survey shows that the average prevalence of child labor is around 13.1 percent, reaching 28 percent in some parts of the province. (94) The report also recommends the development of programs focusing on education, social protection, and laws to address child labor. (95) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan, and Sindh survey results are expected in 2023. (3,13)

Pakistan's social programs are insufficient to address the prevalence and scope of the country's child labor problem. In particular, existing programs do not provide sufficient protection and rehabilitation services for bonded child laborers and child survivors of human trafficking. (13,96) Government initiatives are also insufficient for children working in the informal sector, including for domestic workers. (19) In addition, there are no significant social programs to address sexual abuse of child workers or children attending madrassas in Pakistan. (80)

Based on the reporting above, suggested actions are identified that would advance the elimination of child labor in Pakistan (Table 11).

UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, both sexes (%). Accessed March 15, 2023. For more information, please see “Children's Work and Education Statistics: Sources and Definitions” in the Reference Materials section of this report. http://data.uis.unesco.org/
ILO. Analysis of Child Economic Activity and School Attendance Statistics from National Household or Child Labor Surveys. Original data from Labour Force Survey (LFS), 2017–2018, and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 5 (MICS 5), 2014. Analysis received March 2023. Please see “Children's Work and Education Statistics: Sources and Definitions” in the Reference Materials section of this report.
U.S. Embassy- Islamabad. Reporting. January 13, 2021.
Gabeena, Meena. Child Labour in Cotton Growing Districts of Pakistan. Pakistan, January 27, 2022. https://www.pakissan.com/english/issues/child.labour.cotton.growing.districts.pakistan.shtml
U.S Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report- 2022: Pakistan. Washington, D.C., July 19, 2022. https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-trafficking-in-persons-report/pakistan/
U.S. Embassy- Islamabad. Reporting. June 20, 2023.
U.S. Embassy- Islamabad. Reporting. February 25, 2021.
ILO CEACR. Direct request concerning the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) Pakistan (ratification: 2001). Published: 2020. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:13100:0::NO:13100:P13100_COMMENT_ID,P11110_COUNTRY_ID,P11110_COUNTRY_NAME,P11110_COMMENT_YEAR:4015509,103166,Pakistan,2019
Shahzas, Sadaf. The Traditional Bangles of Hyderabad. June 1, 2020. https://www.youlinmagazine.com/article/the-traditional-bangles-of-hyderabad/MTc1Mw==
ILO CEACR. Individual Observation concerning the Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) Pakistan (ratification: 2006). Published: 2021. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:13100:0::NO:13100:P13100_COMMENT_ID:4015492:YES
Human Rights Watch. No room to bargain: Unfair and abusive labor practices in Pakistan. January 23, 2019. https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/pakistan0119.pdf
Javed, Iqra. The perils of child labour. Tribal News Network, July 28, 2020. https://tnnenglish.com/the-peril-of-child-labour/
U.S. Embassy- Islamabad. Reporting. March 6, 2023.
European Commission, High Representative for the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. The EU Special Incentive Arrangement for Sustainable Development and Good Governance and assessment of Pakistan covering the period 2016–2017. January 19, 2018. https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/10102/2018/EN/SWD-2018-29-F1-EN-MAIN-PART-1.PDF
Baloch, Shah Meer and Hannah Ellis-Petersen. 'Coal workers are orphans': the children and slaves mining Pakistan's coal. The Guardian, February 19, 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/feb/19/coal-workers-are-orphans-the-children-and-slaves-mining-pakistans-coal
Khan, Saba Karim. Outrage in Pakistan over abuse of child domestic workers. The Guardian, August 13, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/aug/13/trauma-child-domestic-workers-pakistan
Asrar, Shakeeb. ‘Are we not humans?’ Pakistan’s domestic workers confront abuse. Lahore: Christian Science Monitor, August 30, 2021. https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2021/0830/Are-we-not-humans-Pakistan-s-domestic-workers-confront-abuse
Khan, Aihteshman. Misplaced priorities: Surge in out-of-school kids raises questions Tribune, December 12, 2022. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2390667/misplaced-priorities-surge-in-out-of-school-kids-raises-questions
U.S. Embassy- Islamabad. Reporting. January 11, 2022.
U.S. Embassy- Islamabad. Reporting. January 14, 2020.
Iqbal, Meesha. Child labour in domestic work in Pakistan A scoping study ILO: Geneva 2022. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilo-islamabad/documents/publication/wcms_851153.pdf
U.S. Embassy- Islamabad. Reporting. March 11, 2020.
Samad, Sana. The children of the streets. Daily Times, April 3, 2019. https://dailytimes.com.pk/372733/the-children-of-the-streets/
Ghani, Faras. The spiraling debt trapping Pakistan's brick kiln workers. Al Jazeera, October 21, 2019. https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/spiraling-debt-trapping-pakistan-brick-kiln-workers-190903135224452.html
U.S. Embassy- Islamabad official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. July 12, 2020.
U.S Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report- 2021: Pakistan. Washington, D.C., July 21, 2021. https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-trafficking-in-persons-report/pakistan/
Ganon, Kathy. Child sex abuse in Pakistan's religious schools is endemic. Associated Press, May 11, 2020. https://apnews.com/8fe530dc76beb1893b3b52af88cf99dd
Bukhari, Allia. Madrassa Sex Abuse Case Shocks Pakistan. The Diplomat, July 7, 2021. https://thediplomat.com/2021/07/madrassa-sex-abuse-case-shocks-pakistan/
Abid, Anooshay. How has COVID impacted Pakistan's education system? September 22, 2021. https://www.dw.com/en/how-has-covid-impacted-pakistans-education-system/a-59264829
U.S. Embassy- Islamabad. Reporting. January 14, 2019.
Ijaz, Saroop. End corporal punishment in Pakistan's schools. Human Rights Watch, September 16, 2019. https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/09/16/end-corporal-punishment-pakistans-schools
UN. Children and armed conflict. May 6, 2021. https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2021/437&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC
United Nations Treaty Collection. Chapter XVIII Penal Matters. November 22, 2022. https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=ind&mtdsg_no=XVIII-12-a&chapter=18&clang=_en
U.S. Embassy official. E-mail communication to DOL official. June 26, 2023.
Government of Pakistan. The Factories Act. Enacted: January 1, 1935. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/35384/64903/E97PAK01.htm
Government of Pakistan. West Pakistan Shops and Establishments Ordinance. Enacted: July 3, 1969. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/1008/West Pakistan Shops and Establishments Ordinance 1969.pdf
Government of Pakistan. The Mines Act. Enacted: 1923. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/1007/Mines Act 1923.pdf
Government of Pakistan. Road Transport Workers Ordinance. 1961. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/1005/Road Transport Workers Ordinance 1961.pdf
Government of Pakistan. Pakistan Employment of Children Act, Act No. V of 1991. Enacted: 1991. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/22707/64834/E91PAK01.htm
Government of Pakistan. Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act. Enacted: March 17, 1992. http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1334287962_481.pdf
Government of Pakistan. Pakistan Penal Code, XLV of 1860. Enacted: October 6, 1860. http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/legislation/1860/actXLVof1860.html
Government of Pakistan. Prevention of Trafficking in Persons Act. Enacted: 2018. http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1532935755_919.pdf
Government of Pakistan. Prevention and Control of Human Trafficking Ordinance. Enacted: 2002. http://www.fmu.gov.pk/docs/laws/Prevention_and_Control_of_Human_Trafficking_Ordinance_2002.pdf
Government of Pakistan. The Criminal Law (Second Amendment) Act, amending the Pakistan Penal Code. Enacted: March 22, 2016. http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1467011388_916.pdf
Government of Pakistan. The Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2012, No. XXIV. Enacted: December 19, 2012. http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1357015194_179.pdf
U.S. Embassy- Islamabad. E-mail communication with USDOL Official. August 2, 2023.
ILO. National Labour Law Profile: Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Accessed August 1, 2019. https://www.ilo.org/ifpdial/information-resources/national-labour-law-profiles/WCMS_158916/lang--en/index.htm
Government of Pakistan. Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act. 2010. http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/amendments/18amendment.html
U.S. Embassy- Islamabad. Reporting. February 10, 2022.
Government of Punjab Province. The Punjab Prohibition of Child Labor at Brick Kilns Ordinance. Enacted: January 14, 2016. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/102087/123287/F1018921745/PAK102087.pdf
Government of Punjab Province. Punjab Domestic Workers Act. February 1, 2019. https://labour.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/the-punjab-domestic-workers-act-2018-docx-pdf_2.pdf
Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Prohibition of Employment of Children Act. Enacted: May 2015. http://www.pakp.gov.pk/2013/wp-content/uploads/Prohibition-of-Employment-of-Children-Bill-2015-S.pdf
Government of Sindh Province. Sindh Prohibition of Employment of Children Act. Enacted: January 25, 2017. http://www.pas.gov.pk/uploads/acts/Sindh Act No.III of 2017.pdf
Arifeen, Noor UI. Balochistan Assembly passes resolution against child labour in coal mines. Samaa, August 9, 2019. https://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/amp/1821497
ILO CEACR. Individual Observation concerning the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) Pakistan (ratification: 2001). Published: 2021. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:13100:0::NO:13100:P13100_COMMENT_ID:4015512:YES
Saifi, Sophia. Eight-year-old girl tortured to death for releasing pet parrots, police say. CNN, June 4, 2020. https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/03/asia/pakistan-child-maid-killing-scli-intl/index.html
Notezai, Muhammad Akbar. Shahrag, the Pakistani town where boys aren't safe from men. Dawn, February 17, 2019. https://www.dawn.com/news/1463990
Government of Pakistan. Islamabad Capital Territory Prohibition of Employment of Children Bill. 2018. http://www.senate.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1527223531_751.pdf
Government of Punjab Province. Punjab Restriction on Employment of Children Ordinance. Enacted: July 13, 2016. http://punjablaws.gov.pk/laws/2668.html
Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Child Protection and Welfare Act. Enacted: 2010. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/92232/107301/F1592784103/PAK92232.pdf
Government of Sindh Province. The Sindh Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act. Enacted: March 6, 2013. http://www.pas.gov.pk/index.php/acts/details/en/19/192
Government of Balochistan Province. The Compulsory Education in the Province of Balochistan Act, No. 5 of 2014. Enacted: February 6, 2014. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/96221/113658/F-955909891/PAK96221.pdf
Government of Punjab Province. Punjab Free and Compulsory Education Act. Enacted: November 10, 2014. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/99329/118490/F770068822/PAKD99329.pdf
Majeed, Saqib. The Employment Law Review: Pakistan. The Law Reviews. March 1, 2023. https://thelawreviews.co.uk/title/the-employment-law-review/pakistan
U.S. Embassy- Islamabad official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. July 7, 2019.
United Nations: Pakistan. Consultancy: Assess Capacity of Law Enforcement Agencies Related to Child Labor. December 14, 2021. http://jobs.un.org.pk/job-detail.php?jid=K81e2NFRTtSGXT2AaOF5YrfDSGZmBAriYOqNm7sPFyaJTxwCr8qDU1wndQy0XCezd6UqQ0yYYDv4IEYeUxVdiw==
Government of Punjab Province. Labour Courts. Accessed January 18, 2019. https://www.punjab.gov.pk/provincialdepartments_labour_lc
Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Labour Courts. Accessed July 13, 2020. https://peshawarhighcourt.gov.pk/app/site/22/p/Special_Courts_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa.html
U.S. Department of State. Trafficking in Persons Report- 2020: Pakistan. Washington, D.C., June 25, 2020. https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-trafficking-in-persons-report/pakistan/
Correspondent. Rights Activists Fear Spike in Bonded Labor. Karachi: Tribune, October 13, 2022. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2381326/rights-activists-fear-spike-in-bonded-labour
The International News. Vigilance body starts functioning in Haripur. Haripur, March 11, 2022. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/940403-vigilance-body-starts-functioning-in-haripur
ILOSTAT. ILO Labor Force Statistics (LFS)- Population and labour force. Accessed January 31, 2023. Labor force data is modelled on a combination of demographic and economic explanatory variables by the ILO. Please see "Labor Law Enforcement: Sources and Definitions" in the Reference Materials section of this report https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/
News Desk. FIA arrests man involved in child pornography. Global Village Space, October 4, 2022. https://www.globalvillagespace.com/fia-arrests-man-involved-in-child-pornography/
Tribune. FIA arrests man on child pornography charges. Tribune, March 4, 2022. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2346299/fia-arrests-man-on-child-pornography-charges
Rashid, Sohail. Islamabad brick kilns aren't registered with any govt organisation: report. Samaa, February 21, 2021. https://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/2239514
Balochistan Police. Child Protection Unit. Accessed March 8, 2023. https://balochistanpolice.gov.pk/cpu
UNICEF. Pakistan: Humanitarian Situation Report No. 2. 2022. https://www.unicef.org/media/127166/file/Pakistan-Humanitarian-Floods-SitRep-September-2022.pdf
Butt, Waseem Ashraf. Child protection units planned in all districts of Punjab. February 6, 2021. https://www.dawn.com/news/1605656
Government of Balochistan Province. Balochistan Child Protection Act. Enacted: November 15, 2016. https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CRC-OP-SC/Shared Documents/PAK/INT_CRC-OP-SC_AIS_PAK_34168_E.pdf
U.S. Department of State official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. June 24, 2021.
Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Child Labour Policy 2018. 2018. http://kpcode.kp.gov.pk/uploads/2015_19_THE_KHYBER_PAKHTUNKHWA_PROHIBITION_OF_EMPLOYMENT_OF_CHILDREN_ACT_2015.pdf
Government of Punjab Province. Punjab Labor Policy. 2018. https://labour.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/Labour Policty 2018.pdf
Government of Sindh Province. Sindh Labour Policy. 2018. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilo-islamabad/documents/publication/wcms_647697.pdf
Daily Parliament Times. NCRC in collaboration with UNICEF formally launched its Policy Brief on Child Domestic Labour. November 29, 2022. https://www.dailyparliamenttimes.com/2022/11/29/ncrc-in-collaboration-with-unicef-formally-launched-its-policy-brief-on-child-domestic-labour/
National Commission on the Rights of Child. From the margins to mainstream – NCRC and Cities for Children policy brief explores the challenges facing street children. April 21, 2022. https://ncrc.gov.pk/from-the-margins-to-mainstream-ncrc-and-cities-for-children-policy-brief-explores-the-challenges-facing-street-children/
Government of Pakistan. Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal. National Center(s) for Rehabilitation of Child Labour. http://pbm.gov.pk/ncrcl.html#
Government of Pakistan. Child Support Programme. Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal. http://www.pbm.gov.pk/csp.html#
Government of Pakistan. Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal School for Rehabilitation of Child Labour. Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal, Accessed March 9, 2023. http://www.pbm.gov.pk/ncrcl.html
Team CG. Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal announces a Rs 6000 monthly stipend for orphan girls. Campus Guru, December 30, 2022. https://campusguru.pk/en/news/pakistan-bait-ul-mal-announces-a-rs-6000-monthly-stipend-for-orphan-girls
Government of Pakistan. Inputs for the US TIP Report 2019–2020. March 11, 2020. Source on file.
Government of Pakistan. Zainab AleG Response and Recovery Act 2020. March 24, 2020. http://www.mohr.gov.pk/SiteImage/Misc/files/ZARRA, 2020 (2).pdf
The Tribune. ICT gets Child Protection Institute. June 11, 2021. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2304601/ict-gets-child-protection-institute
Government of Pakistan. Child Labour Survey in Pakistan- Progress. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. https://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/cls-progress
Planning and Development Department. Gilgit- Balistan Child Labour Survey. Government of Gilgit-Balistan. October 2021. https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//other/cls2018-19/CLS_KFR_Final_English.pdf
UNICEF. Gilgit-Baltistan Child Labour Survey Report Launched. October 27, 2021. https://www.unicef.org/pakistan/press-releases/gilgit-baltistan-child-labour-survey-report-launched
U.S. Embassy- Islamabad. Reporting. April 12, 2019.

THE PUNJAB RESTRICTION ON EMPLOYMENT OF CHILDREN ACT 2016

(Act L of 2016)

C O N T E N T S

Section Heading

1. Short title, extent and commencement.

2. Definitions.

3. Prohibition on employment.

4. Provincial Committee on Child Labour.

5. Duration of work, etc.

6. Weekly holidays.

7. Notice to Inspector.

8. Dispute as to age.

9. Maintenance of register.

10. Display of notice.

11. Penalties.

12. Abetment to an offence.

13. Presumption of work.

14. Sealing of establishment.

15. Appellate authority.

16. Trial of offences.

17. Cognizance of offences.

18. Penalties under some other laws.

19. Appointment of Inspectors.

20. Amendment of Schedule.

21. Rules.

22. Application of other laws.

23. Power to remove difficulties.

24. Repeal and savings.

25. Repeal.

[1] THE PUNJAB RESTRICTION ON EMPLOYMENT OF CHILDREN ACT 2016

[29 October 2016]

An Act to prohibit the employment of children and to restrict the employment of adolescents in certain occupations and processes.

It is necessary to prohibit the employment of children and to restrict the employment of adolescents in certain occupations; and, to deal with ancillary matters.

Be it enacted by the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as follows:

1. Short title, extent and commencement .– (1) This Act may be cited as the Punjab Restriction on Employment of Children Act 2016.

(2) It extends to whole of the Punjab .

(3) It shall come into force at once.

2. Definitions .– In this Act:

(a) " adolescent " means a person who has attained the age of fifteen years but has not attained the age of eighteen years;

(b) “ appellate authority” means an authority appointed under the Act;

(d) “Committee” means the Provincial Committee on Child Labour constituted under the Act ;

(e) " day " means a period of twenty-four hours beginning at midnight;

(f) "establishment" means any industrial, commercial or agricultural establishment, factory, mine, workshop, business, trade, undertaking, and place where any economic activity including moulding and manufacturing process is carried on; and, includes charitable and welfare organizations, whether run for profit or otherwise and any other establishment, class of establishments or workplace notified by the Government in the official Gazette;

(g) " family ", in relation to an occupier, means the spouse, son, daughter or sibling;

(h) “Government" means Government of the Punjab ;

( i ) “hazardous work” means the work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of adolescents and is mentioned in the Schedule;

(j) "Inspector" means an official appointed as an Inspector under the Act;

(k) “ occupier " means the person who, directly or indirectly, employs a worker in an establishment and includes:

( i ) in case of an individual, his heir, successor, administrator or assign; and

(ii) a person who has the ultimate control over the affairs of the establishment;

(l) " prescribed " means prescribed by the rules made under the Act ;

(m) “Schedule” means the Schedule appended to this Act; and

(n) " week " means a period of seven days beginning at the midnight on Saturday or at such other midnight as the Government may, by notification, specify for a particular area.

3. Prohibition on employment .– (1) An occupier shall not employ or permit a child to work in the establishment.

(2) An occupier shall not employ or permit an adolescent to perform any hazardous work in the establishment.

4. Provincial Committee on Child Labour .– (1) The Government shall, by notification, constitute a Committee to be called the Provincial Committee on Child Labour to advise the Government for appropriate legislative, administrative and other measures for the eradication of child labour and, subject to Article 11 of the Constitution, to propose the minimum age for purposes of employment in the Province.

(2) Th e Committee shall consist of a chairperson and not more than eight members representing the Government, employers, workers and civil society.

5. Duration of work, etc .– (1) Subject to subsection (2) and subsection (3), the occupier shall fix the period of work not exceeding three hours in a day; and, if the adolescent is required to work for more than three hours in a day, the occupier shall, after the initial period of three hours, provide a mandatory interval of at least one hour to the adolescent.

(2) The total period of work of an adolescent in a day, including the mandatory interval for rest, shall, in no case, exceed seven hours.

(3) The occupier shall:

(a) arrange the hours of work of an adolescent in such manner that the working hours are not in conflict with the timings of the educational or vocational institution where the adolescent is enrolled;

(b) not require or permit an adolescent to work between 7.00 pm and 8.00 am.

(c) not require or permit an adolescent to work in the establishment on any day on which the adolescent has worked in any other establishment.

6. Weekly holidays .– (1) An occupier shall allow an adolescent employed in the establishment a holiday of at least one whole day in a week.

(2) The occupier shall specify the holiday through a notice permanently displayed at a conspicuous place in the establishment and the occupier shall not alter the day of holiday more than once in three months.

7. Notice to Inspector .– (1) Every occupier of the establishment in which an adolescent is employed or permitted to work shall, within a period of thirty days from the commencement of this Act or employment of the adolescent, send to the Inspector, within whose local limits the establishment is situated, a written notice containing the following particulars:

(a) the name, location and address of the establishment;

(b) the name of the person who is actually responsible for the management of the establishment;

(d) the name, address, wages and other prescribed particulars of the adolescent; and

(e) the nature of the occupation or process carried on in the establishment.

(2) Nothing in sections 6, 7 and 8 shall apply to an establishment wherein any process is carried on by the occupier with the aid of the members of his family or to any educational or training institution established, assisted or recognized by the Government, the Federal Government or any agency, body or authority established, owned or controlled by any such Government.

8. Dispute as to age .– Any dispute about the age of the child or adolescent employed or is permitted to work in an establishment shall be decided on the basis of the registration certificate (Form-B) issued by the National Database and Registration Authority or the birth certificate issued by the competent authority, but, in the absence of such a document, the Inspector shall refer the matter to the prescribed medical authority for determination of the age and the decision of such authority shall be conclusive proof of the age of the child or adolescent.

9. Maintenance of register .– An occupier shall maintain a register in respect of adolescents employed or permitted to work in the establishment and shall make the register available for inspection to an Inspector at all times during working hours of the establishment showing:

(a) the name and date of birth of every adolescent employed or permitted to work;

(b) hours and periods of work of any such adolescent and the intervals of rest to which he is entitled;

(d) such other particulars as may be prescribed.

10. Display of notice .– Every occupier shall display at a conspicuous place in the establishment a notice in Urdu and in English containing an abstract of section 3 and section 11.

11. Penalties .– (1) An occupier, who employs or permits a child to work in an establishment, shall be liable to punishment with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, but which shall not be less than seven days and with a fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees, but which shall not be less than ten thousand rupees.

(2) An occupier, who employs or permits any adolescent to work in contravention of the provisions of section 3, shall be liable to punishment with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, but which shall not be less than seven days and with a fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees, but which shall not be less than ten thousand rupees.

(3) A person, who employs a child or an adolescent in:

(a) any form of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children or adolescents, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour , including forced or compulsory recruitment of children or adolescents for use in armed conflicts;

(b) the use, procuring or offering of a child or adolescent for prostitution, for the production of pornography or for pornographic performances; and

(c) the use, procuring or offering of a child or adolescent for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs,

shall be liable to punishment with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years but which shall not be less than three years and with fine which may extend to one million rupees but which shall not be less than two hundred thousand rupees.

(4) An occupier who has been convicted of an offence under subsection (1) and subsection (2 ), again commits the same offence or an offence of similar nature, shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to five years but which shall not be less than three months in addition to the fine prescribed for the offence.

(5) If an occupier fails to:

(a) give notice as required by section 7; or

(b) maintain a register as required by section 9 or makes any false entry in any such register; or

(d) display any notice under the Act; or

(e) comply with or contravenes any provision of this Act or the rules,

he shall be liable to punishment with simple imprisonment which may extend to one month or with a fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees or with both.

12. Abetment to an offence .– (1) A person, who abets an offence punishable under this Act, shall, whether or not the offence abetted is committed, be punishable with the same punishment as is provided for the offence he abetted.

(2) An occupier, who employs or permits to work a child or an adolescent to work in contravention of the provisions of section 3, and the child or an adolescent is found working in the establishment in the immediate presence of a parent or guardian, the parent or guardian shall be equally liable for the offence along with the employer.

(3) For purposes of this section, “abetment” has the same meaning as is assigned to it in the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 (XLV of 1860).

13. Presumption of work .– (1) Subject to subsection (2), if a child or an adolescent is found present within the working premises of an establishment, it shall be presumed that the child or the adolescent is employed or is permitted to work in the establishment.

(2) Nothing in this section shall apply to the students visiting an establishment for educational purposes under the direction or supervision of an educational institution.

14. Sealing of establishment .– (1) If it appears to an Inspector that a child or an adolescent has been employed or permitted to work in an establishment in contravention of section 3, the Inspector may, in the prescribed manner, seal the establishment for a period not exceeding seven days.

(2) The occupier aggrieved by an order under subsection (1), may, within three days of the sealing of the establishment, prefer an appeal before the appellate authority.

(3) The appellate authority may confirm, modify or reverse the order made under subsection (1).

15. Appellate authority .– The Government shall appoint an appellate authority in each District to hear and decide the appeals preferred under subsection (2) of section 14.

16. Trial of offences .– (1) An offence under subsections (1) and (2) of section 11 shall be tried summarily in accordance with the provisions of Chapter XXII of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (V of 1898).

(2) No court inferior to that of the Magistrate having powers under section 30 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (V of 1898) shall try an offence under subsections (3) and (4) of section 11 of this Act.

17. Cognizance of offences .– An offence under this Act shall be cognizable by the police on the complaint in writing made by the Inspector and shall be non- bailable .

18. Penalties under some other laws .– Any person, who is found guilty of the contravention of any provisions of the Mines Act, 1923 (IV of 1923), the Factories Act, 1934 (XXV of 1934) and the Punjab Shops and Establishments Ordinance, 1969 (VIII of 1969) regarding children or adolescents, shall be liable to the penalties provided in section 11 of this Act and not under the said laws.

19. Appointment of Inspectors .– (1) The Government may appoint Inspectors for purposes of securing compliance with the provisions of this Act.

(2) The Inspector shall be deemed to be a public servant within the meaning of the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 (XLV of 1860).

20. Amendment of Schedule .– (1) The Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, amend the Schedule.

(2) An amendment in the Schedule under subsection (1) shall come into force on the expiry of thirty days from the date of publication of the notification in the official Gazette.

21. Rules .– The Government may, by notification, and subject to the condition of previous publication, make rules for carrying into effect the provisions of this Act, including the rules for health and safety of adolescents employed or permitted to work in an establishment.

22. Application of other laws .– Subject to the provisions contained in sections 11 and 18, the provisions of this Act and the rules shall be in addition to, and not in derogation of, the provisions of any other law.

23. Power to remove difficulties .– (1) If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of this Act, the Government may, by order published in the official Gazette, make such provisions not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act as appear to it to be necessary or expedient for removal of the difficulty.

(2) An order under subsection (1) shall not be made after the expiry of a period of two years from the date of commencement of this Act.

(3) Every order made under this section shall, as soon as may be after it is made, be laid before Provincial Assembly of the Punjab .

24. Repeal and savings .– (1) The Employment of Children Act, 1991 (V of 1991) is hereby repealed.

(2) Notwithstanding the repeal of the Employment of Children Act, 1991 (V of 1991), anything done or any action taken or purported to have been done or taken under that Act shall, in so far as it is not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, be deemed to have been done or taken under the corresponding provisions of this Act.

25. Repeal .– The Punjab Restriction on Employment of Children Ordinance, 2016 (XIII of 2016) is hereby repealed.

[ see section 2( i )]

HAZARDOUS WORKS

Any occupation or work connected with –

(1) transport of passengers, goods or mail;

(2) catering establishment at a railway station, involving the movement of a vendor or any other employee of the establishment from one platform to another or into or out of a moving train;

(3) construction of a railway station or with any other work where such work is done in close proximity to or between the railway lines;

(4) a port authority within the limits of any port;

(5) underground mines and on ground quarries including blasting;

(6) power driven cutting machinery like saws, shears, guillotines, agricultural machines, thrashers, fodder cutting machines;

(7) live electrical wires over 50 volts;

(8) all operations related to leather tanning processes such as soaking, dehairing , liming, chrome tanning, deliming , pickling, defleshing , ink application;

(9) mixing and manufacture of pesticides and insecticides and fumigation;

(10) sandblasting and other such work involving exposure to free silica;

(11) exposure to all toxic, explosive and carcinogenic chemicals e.g., asbestos, benzene, ammonia, chlorine, manganese, cadmium, sulphur dioxide, phosphorus, benzidenedyes , isocyanates, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulphide, epoxy resins, formaldehyde, metal fumes, heavy metals like nickel, mercury chromium, lead arsenic, beryllium, fiber glass;

(12) exposure to cement dust in cement industry;

(13) exposure to coal dust;

(14) manufacturing and sale of fireworks and explosives;

(15) the sites where liquid petroleum gas (LPG) or compressed natural gas (CNG) is filled in cylinders;

(16) glass and metal furnaces and glass bangles manufacturing;

(17) cloth weaving, printing, dyeing and fishing sections;

(18) sewer pipelines, pits and storage tanks;

(19) stone crushing;

(20) lifting and carrying of heavy weight (15kg and above) specially in transport industry;

(21) carpet weaving;

(22) the height of two meters or more above the floor;

(23) all scavenging including hospital waste;

(24) tobacco processing and manufacturing including niswar and biri making;

(25) deep-sea fishing, commercial fishing and processing of fish and sea-food;

(26) sheep casing and wool industry;

(27) ship breaking;

(28) surgical instruments and manufacturing specially in vendors’ workshops;

(29) spice grinding;

(30) boiler house;

(31) cinemas , mini cinemas and cyber clubs;

(32) mica-cutting and splitting;

(33) shells manufacturing;

(34) soap manufacturing;

(35) wool cleaning;

(36) building and construction industry;

(37) manufacturing of slate pencils including packing; and

(38) manufacture of products from agate.

[1] This Act was passed by the Punjab Assembly on 24 October 2016; assented to by the Governor of the Punjab on 28 October 2016; and, was published in the Punjab Gazette (Extraordinary), dated 29 October 2016, pages 2473-79.

Essay on Child Labour for Students and Children

500+ words essay on child labour.

Child labour is a term you might have heard about in news or movies. It refers to a crime where children are forced to work from a very early age. It is like expecting kids to perform responsibilities like working and fending for themselves. There are certain policies which have put restrictions and limitations on children working.

The average age for a child to be appropriate to work is considered fifteen years and more. Children falling below this age limit won’t be allowed to indulge in any type of work forcefully. Why is that so? Because child labour takes away the kids opportunity of having a normal childhood, a proper education , and physical and mental well-being. In some countries, it is illegal but still, it’s a far way from being completely eradicated.

Causes of Child Labour

Child Labour happens due to a number of reasons. While some of the reasons may be common in some countries, there are some reasons which are specific in particular areas and regions. When we look at what is causing child labour, we will be able to fight it better.

Firstly, it happens in countries that have a lot of poverty and unemployment . When the families won’t have enough earning, they put the children of the family to work so they can have enough money to survive. Similarly, if the adults of the family are unemployed, the younger ones have to work in their place.

Moreover, when people do not have access to the education they will ultimately put their children to work. The uneducated only care about a short term result which is why they put children to work so they can survive their present.

Furthermore, the money-saving attitude of various industries is a major cause of child labour. They hire children because they pay them lesser for the same work as an adult. As children work more than adults and also at fewer wages, they prefer children. They can easily influence and manipulate them. They only see their profit and this is why they engage children in factories.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Eradication of Child Labour

If we wish to eradicate child labour, we need to formulate some very effective solutions which will save our children. It will also enhance the future of any country dealing with these social issues . To begin with, one can create a number of unions that solely work to prevent child labour. It should help the children indulging in this work and punishing those who make them do it.

Furthermore, we need to keep the parents in the loop so as to teach them the importance of education. If we make education free and the people aware, we will be able to educate more and more children who won’t have to do child labour. Moreover, making people aware of the harmful consequences of child labour is a must.

In addition, family control measures must also be taken. This will reduce the family’s burden so when you have lesser mouths to feed, the parents will be enough to work for them, instead of the children. In fact, every family must be promised a minimum income by the government to survive.

In short, the government and people must come together. Employment opportunities must be given to people in abundance so they can earn their livelihood instead of putting their kids to work. The children are the future of our country; we cannot expect them to maintain the economic conditions of their families instead of having a normal childhood.

{ “@context”: “https://schema.org”, “@type”: “FAQPage”, “mainEntity”: [{ “@type”: “Question”, “name”: “What causes child labour?”, “acceptedAnswer”: { “@type”: “Answer”, “text”: “Child Labour is caused by many factors. The most important one is poverty and illiteracy. When people barely make ends meet, they put their children to work so they can have food two times a day.”} }, { “@type”: “Question”, “name”: “How can we prevent child labour?”, “acceptedAnswer”: { “@type”: “Answer”, “text”:”Strict measures can prevent child labour. Unions should be made to monitor the activities of child labour. Education must be made free to enroll more and more kids in school. We must also abolish child trafficking completely to save the children.”} }] }

Customize your course in 30 seconds

Which class are you in.

Travelling Essay
Picnic Essay
Our Country Essay
My Parents Essay
Essay on Favourite Personality
Essay on Memorable Day of My Life
Essay on Knowledge is Power
Essay on Gurpurab
Essay on My Favourite Season
Essay on Types of Sports

Download the App

What work can children do?

Labour Minister Stephen Mc Clashie - File photo by Sureash Cholai

IT MIGHT seem surprising for the Ministry of Labour to be talking about accelerating efforts to eradicate child labour in 2024, but it's a nuanced subject that must allow for earned and practical experience without minor exploitation. The commitment to developing a list of light and hazardous work to define what's appropriate work for children is a start.

At a consultation on May 8, the Labour Ministry promised to address any ambiguity and inconsistencies in the enforcement of child labour laws by making acceptable child work clearer. Labour Minister Stephen Mc Clashie further committed to achieving the UN's sustainable development goal 8.7 by "Securing the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour and by 2025, ending child labour in all its forms."

Creating such clarification is only a part of how this will be achieved. The ministry will also develop monitoring and evaluation systems, establish protocols for developing child labour policies and, most significantly, implement public awareness campaigns and improve training and numbers of inspectors to put teeth into the effort.

Sensibly, the Labour Ministry's PS, Natalie Willis, acknowledged "the value of introducing young people to the world of work in a safe and controlled manner."

The target year for the elimination of child labour was 2021, but the establishment and enforcement of these protocols won't be done by 2025 either. The International Labour Organization estimates that globally, 79 million children between the ages of five and 17 are working in dangerous conditions.

Light work for children under 15 is defined as work that does not endanger their health, safety or school attendance. Such work should not exceed 14 hours a week. Hazardous work defines tasks performed in dangerous and unhealthy conditions, including the handling of dangerous chemicals or heavy machinery.

So, on a scale of acceptability, helping the family sell vegetables for a few hours on a Saturday is fine. Driving the pickup to the market is not. Work that makes it difficult for a child to do homework or participate in social activities are also frowned on.

The photographer, Lewis Hine, changed labour laws in the US in 1909 with his photographs of children at work in dangerous circumstances. Children were employed not just because they were cheap labour, but because smaller machine tolerances were better served by their smaller, nimble hands in cotton mills and looms, fast-moving engines also capable of removing fingers.

Hine’s work changed some businesses, but today, children are still put to work in India's carpet industry, Afghan brick-making and US factories, among others.

Errors upon errors

Kamla: young women should become mothers, brazil fever takes over hasely crawford stadium for legends of football, gunman shoots up licensing officer's home in chaguanas, pm attends commissioning of ghanaian airport, law of contract – absenteeism: 'no work, no pay', brazil world cup winners in trinidad for legends clash, "what work can children do", more in this section, man arrested for vandalising finance ministry building, missing man, 33, found dead in princes town, police: leaked info on illegal security cameras hindering investigation, linktt to 'bridge digital divide' – loans to buy electronics, internet.

Results for essay child labour in punjabi translation from English to Panjabi

Human contributions.

From professional translators, enterprises, web pages and freely available translation repositories.

Add a translation

essay on child labour in punjabi

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਬਾਲ ਮਜ਼ਦੂਰੀ 'ਤੇ ਲੇਖ

Last Update: 2023-07-06 Usage Frequency: 2 Quality:

essay on labour day in punjabi

Last Update: 2018-05-10 Usage Frequency: 3 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

punjabi essay on child labour

ਬਾਲ ਮਜ਼ਦੂਰੀ 'ਤੇ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ

Last Update: 2022-04-06 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

essay indiscipline in punjabi

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਲੇਖ ਅਨੁਸ਼ਾਸਨਹੀਣਤਾ

Last Update: 2024-04-08 Usage Frequency: 4 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

child labour

Last Update: 2017-04-16 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

pardushan essay in punjabi '

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਪ੍ਰਦਸ਼ਨ ਦਾ ਲੇਖ

Last Update: 2018-01-03 Usage Frequency: 4 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

basant rut essay in punjabi

ਬਸੰਤ ਰੁਤ ਲੇਖ in punjabi

Last Update: 2020-04-06 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

essay on internet in punjabi child labour

Last Update: 2017-06-05 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Bansal_dimpy

essay discipline in punjabi speech

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਣ ਵਿਚ ਲੇਖ ਅਨੁਸ਼ਾਸ਼ਨ

Last Update: 2021-02-22 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

child labour essay

Last Update: 2018-01-08 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

essay in punjabi on the topic of child labour

ਬਾਲ ਮਜ਼ਦੂਰੀ ਦੇ ਵਿਸ਼ੇ 'ਤੇ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਲੇਖ

Last Update: 2018-06-12 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

essay on internet in punjabi child marriage

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ ਬੱਚੇ ਨੂੰ ਵਿਆਹ ਦੇ ਬੰਧਨ ਵਿਚ ਇੰਟਰਨੈੱਟ 'ਤੇ ਲੇਖ

Last Update: 2016-01-21 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

rukh in punjabi essay

Last Update: 2020-06-11 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

good habits in punjabi essay

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ ਵਿਚ ਚੰਗੀਆਂ ਆਦਤਾਂ

Last Update: 2020-06-04 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

Get a better translation with 7,747,904,052 human contributions

Users are now asking for help:.

Victorian budget 2024 confirms delay to Airport Rail Link, net debt still set to grow

Tim Pallas delivering a speech during question time.

The Victorian budget has confirmed delays to the Airport Rail Link, as the state government outlines its plan to tackle the state's rising record debt.

Treasurer Tim Pallas's 10th budget has still contained plenty of spending, with no new major taxes introduced.

Parents will get the biggest budget sweetener, with $400 credits to help with education expenses for children at government schools, as Premier Jacinta Allan tries to focus on families in her first budget in the top job.

Victorian ratepayers have also been asked to chip in through an increase to the fire services levy.

Despite the rhetoric of better economic management, Victoria's net debt continues to climb.

Net debt is now forecast to hit $187.8 billion by 2027-28, when Victorians will be paying roughly $25 million each day on interest payments.

The budget faces a $2.2 billion deficit this financial year but is projected to return to a surplus of $1.5 billion by 2025-26.

The treasurer has defended the budget as one that strikes a responsible balance without taking "the economic momentum out of the economy".

Mr Pallas said his government was focused on moving past COVID debt by reducing net debt as a proportion of the state's economy.

Budget figures show net debt represented roughly 20 per cent of gross state product (GSP) in 2022-23, and is set to climb to 25.2 per cent in 2026-27, before dropping slightly to 25.1 per cent the following year.

When pressed on the impact of that debt on future generations, the treasurer said it was important the figures were viewed in context.

The exterior of the Victorian Parliament building.

"I can assure Victorians that our priorities are on the commitments we gave them and recognise the material circumstances of the time and do no harm to the continuing growth and resurgence of the Victorian economy," he said.

Mr Pallas said a reduction in government advertising and selling government office spaces were among the measures that would keep government expenditure at an average growth rate of 2.2 per cent per year.

"Pretty profound in anyone's language," he said.

"You haven't seen that in this state for 15 years."

Airport 'stand-off' sees delay of at least four years

Some big-ticket infrastructure items have also had their timelines pushed back, including the Airport Rail Link, which the government has indicated will be delayed by at least four years.

Mr Pallas said that was due to the "stand-off" with the airport over the station's design that was unlikely to be resolved soon .

A digital render of a train station at Melbourne Airport.

Melbourne Airport, which has long advocated for an underground station rather than one above ground, responded to Mr Pallas's comments shortly after the budget was handed down.

"Melbourne Airport was part of a consortium that offered up to $7 billion towards an underground airport station and express tracks from Sunshine," a spokesperson for the airport said.

"The state government rejected this. The timing of the project has always been a matter for government."

On Tuesday night, a Victorian government spokesperson said the airport's previous consortium proposal was a "terrible deal" for Victorian taxpayers.

"The proposal would have privatised the Geelong line for 40 years and charged Victorians a fee to access their own rail services," they said.

"Even the former Federal Liberal/National government recognised that this $20 billion proposal did not stack up."

An aerial view of a complex construction project beside the West Gate Freeway.

A level crossing removal project for the busy Upfield train line, which runs through Brunswick in Melbourne's inner-north, has also been delayed until 2030.

But $996 million has been set aside to get ready to open the Metro Tunnel rail project and the West Gate Tunnel next year.

The budget also set aside $139 million in a bid to attract and retain more teachers in Victorians schools.

The measure includes $63 million to go towards the mental health and wellbeing of school staff.

The budget allocated $211 million towards interventions aimed at preventing family violence and help victim-survivors.

This includes a further investment in the government's Respectful Relationships program, which has been rolled out at some schools.

But CEO of Sexual Assault Services Victoria Kathleen Maltzahn said the urgency of the situation should have prompted a greater investment.

Credit rating agency says 'thin' forecast surplus key to maintaining AA rating

Credit rating agency S&P Global Ratings downgraded Victoria's credit rating from AAA to AA in 2020 — the lowest of any state or territory in Australia.

The agency said this year's budget confirmed the government's accounts were in "large structural fiscal cash deficit".

"This is the highest among the Australian states and stems from successive operating deficits and its large capex [capital expenditures] since the pandemic hit in late fiscal 2020," the agency said in a statement after the budget was released.

"Debt to operating revenues has almost tripled since this time. Victoria's serviceability costs are also rising.

"On the flipside, we believe Victoria maintains strong access to global capital markets.

"This will allow the government to fund its budget and avoid any acute stress scenario, despite rising interest expenses and market volatility."

The agency said it expected Victoria's AA credit rating would be supported by the state's wealthy and diverse economy, but pressure on the rating could build if the "thin" operating surplus forecast in the budget was not achieved.

John Pesutto sitting in Question Time putting the palm of his hand to his forehead.

State Opposition Leader John Pesutto said the budget was a missed opportunity to make life easier for Victorians and change the direction of the state.

"With record debt, record interest, record taxes, service cuts and poorer outcomes, it's clear Labor cannot manage money and Victorians are paying the price," he said.

Economist says little 'wriggle room' for government if 'things turned sour'

RMIT economist David Hayward said the Victorian government had handed down "another generous budget".

"It's surprised me how much the government has chosen to spend on new output … this is a big-spending budget again," Dr Hayward said.

"The risk with the budget is that they haven't really got much wriggle room if things turned sour.

"I think that what they're betting on is that people will prefer to see the extra spending on things that matter most to them.

"If things do turn sour it might be a different story."

Monash University economist Zac Gross said the budget had demonstrated some spending restraint, but a sustained effort was needed in the coming years.

"Debt payments are reaching record levels," Dr Gross said.

"We are on track as a state to spend more on interest payments than we do on transportation or social services.

"If we want to avoid that fate, we need spending restraint not just today, but for the next few budgets to come."

Worker shortages drive delays across mental health, pre-prep programs

The government will also scrap the COVID-era sick pay guarantee, which was introduced to assist casual workers who needed to isolate while unwell.

As recently as last year, the government had considered extending the scheme permanently through an industry levy, but the budget papers confirmed it would be discontinued.

The government said difficulty in finding workers had also forced it to push back delivery timelines for its pre-prep programs in some areas.

Workforce shortages were also cited as the main reason for the government delaying the rollout of 35 planned walk-in mental health clinics.

Budget papers stated Victoria could not find the additional 2,500 psychologists, psychiatrists and mental health nurses needed to support the services.

But the government is still injecting $10 billion into the healthcare system, including $1.4 billion to progress the delivery of upgrades at the Austin Hospital, Monash Medical Centre and Northern Hospital in Melbourne.

The government has also moved the proposed expansion of the Royal Melbourne and Royal Women's hospital site from Arden to the existing location in Parkville.

The plan to build a new hospital campus near the soon-to-open Arden station was announced in 2022, but according to budget papers, has been deemed "unviable" due to "electromagnetic interference" from trains.

Close-up photo of a silver and white stethoscope.

In regional Victoria, $5.4 million has been set aside to build a mental health, alcohol and drugs hub at the Ballarat Base Hospital's emergency department.

Increase in fire services levy and tip fees

The state budget did not contain any major new tax hikes — a move welcomed by the Victorian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

But the government is asking ratepayers to contribute more to the state's finances through an increase to the fire services property levy.

From July, the median residential property owner will pay an additional $35, while primary production properties will face a $150 rise.

It's also increased the state's waste levy, which currently sits at $129.27 per tonne for metropolitan industrial and municipal waste left at the tip.

From July next year, it will increase to $169.79 per tonne.

Jacinta Allan standing at a desk surrounded by other politicians.

The government says a "proportional" increase will also be applied at rural landfills, which attract lower levies than those in the city.

The budget figures also highlighted the extreme difficulty faced by young Victorians seeking to own a home in the state.

Budget analysis highlighted that in the mid-1990s, the average Victorian house price was roughly 3.5 times average household incomes.

But in the last few years, that ratio has doubled, recently peaking at seven times average incomes.

It means the average time taken for 25 to 34-year-olds to save for a deposit has risen from five years in the mid-90s to seven or eight years more recently.

In recognition of this, the government has set aside $700 million for a one-off extension of its Victorian Homebuyer Fund, where it assists homebuyers by taking a stake in the purchase.

But this will be the final investment in the program, before it is replaced by the federal government's Help to Buy scheme .

X (formerly Twitter)

Who are the winners and losers in Victoria's 2024 state budget?

A map of Victoria with red, blue and green tabs saying winner, loser, neutral.

Victorians are being told to brace for 'hard decisions' in next month's budget — here's why

Premier Jacinta Allan in a hard hat and high vis.

Interest Rates
Public Transport
State and Territory Government
Warrnambool

IMAGES

Essay on child labour in punjabi language
poem on child labour in punjabi |Bal mazdoori te kavita punjabi vich |Punjabi Poem on bal majdoori
Essay On Child Labour In Punjabi Language
Essay On Child Labour In Punjabi Language
Paragraph On Child Labour ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ
Child Labour Essay in English for students || Essay on Child Labour|| Causes, Impact & Solution

VIDEO

Essay On Child Labour ||Powerlift Essay Writing||Write An Essay On Child Labour ||About Child Labour
10 Lines Essay About Child Labour In English || Child labour essay|| Let's learn ||
Essay on Child Labour
मजदूर दिवस Labour Day Essay in Nepali
essay on child labour for class 8 and 9 #educationalvideo #education #essay #childlabour #shorts
Essay on Child labour in english

COMMENTS

Punjabi Essay on "Child Labour", "ਬਾਲ ਮਜਦੂਰੀ" Punjabi Essay, Paragraph
Punjabi Essay on "Child Labour", "ਬਾਲ ਮਜਦੂਰੀ" Punjabi Essay, Paragraph, Speech for Class 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12 Students.
Child labour on the rise as employers defy law
The labour welfare department acknowledges that it had failed to implement the Punjab Restriction of Employment of Children Act 2016 and the Punjab Prohibition of Child Labour at Brick Kilns Act ...
essay on child labour in Punjabi / essay on Bal majduri in Punjabi
Hello friends ,welcome to our YouTube channel in this video you will get information how to write and simple essay on Bal majduri/ Bal shram/ child labour in...
PDF Child Labor in Pakistan: Causes, Consequences and Prevention
been on the rise in the country. To arrest the phenomenon of child labor, various laws have been passed. In this regard, the province of Punjab took the lead by instituting the law known as "Punjab Destitution and Neglect Children Act 2004.It also recently implemented a new law known as "Punjab Prohibition of Child Labor at
PDF RESEARCH PAPER The Impact of Child Labour Laws in Pakistan
The Impact of Child Labour Laws in Pakistan Syed Qarrar Hussain Shah * 1 Shaukat Hussain Bhatti 2 Vagiha Naz 3 1. LL.M. Scholar, Department of Law, The Times Institute, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan ... and domestic labour and The Punjab Prohibition of Child Labour Act 2016 and Punjab Domestic Workers Act 2019 are in force in Punjab to prevent ...
PDF Child labour and forced labour in Pakistan
incidence of child labour during the 2009-2018 period overall. While the child labour rate for boys fell during the last decade in Punjab, it rose for girls, leading to a higher incidence of child labour among girls in Punjab than boys between 2014 and 2018. Except for Punjab, the child labour rate for both girls and boys generally declined
How Does Socio-Economic Factors Force Children into Child Labour? A
This essay aims to highlight the seriousness of the child labor issue, showing its links to poverty, lack of access to education, and ineffective government laws and policies. ... (11 percent) were from urban areas. Likewise, the provincial distribution indicated that child labour in the Punjab was about 1.9 million (about 59 per cent of the ...
(PDF) Child Labour Dynamics in Punjab
Child Labor Dynamics in Punjab By Siddiqi, Ahmed F. Journal of Third World Studies, Fall 2009 Child Labor Dynamics in Punjab Siddiqi, Ahmed F., Journal of Third World Studies INTRODUCTION Studies from several settings in South Asia (reviewed in Kanbargi [1991]) have confirmed that children begin to perform several activities useful to their ...
Child labour rises to 160 million
The number of children aged 5 to 17 years in hazardous work - defined as work that is likely to harm their health, safety or morals - has risen by 6.5 million to 79 million since 2016. "The new estimates are a wake-up call. We cannot stand by while a new generation of children is put at risk," said ILO Director-General Guy Ryder.
PDF Women And Child Labour In Early Industrial Punjab
aid. This research includes the development of laws for women and child labour in a given period also. Index Terms - Child Labour, Dhariwal, Industrial Punjab, Labour, The Indian Factory Act 1922. I. Introduction: In early period of Punjab's industrial development, women and children were deficiently and brutally
Child Labour in Punjab: a Case Study of Dhuri
Child labour is a serious and enormously complex social problem in India and Punjab.In this paper, Dhuri in district Sangrur of Punjab has been selected for analysing the working conditions of child labour. It was found that majority of the working children belong to the age group of 10-14 years and they work for long hours on less wages.
Child labour in Pakistan
Child labour in Pakistan is the employment of children to work in Pakistan, which causes them mental, physical, moral and social harm. Child labour takes away the education from children. The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan estimated that in the 1990s, 11 million children were working in the country, half of whom were under age ten.In 1996, the median age for a child entering the work ...
Shodhganga@INFLIBNET: Problem of child labour in Punjab: a case study
Child labour in Punjab is prevalent in almost all sectors of unorganized sector of economy including agriculture, households, brick kiln and carpet weaving because of their availability at low wages. 2. Many legislative measures and strategies were adopted to provide protection to children and impart education. The efforts to eliminate child ...
Child labour
Child labour is the exploitation of children through any form of work that interferes with their ability to attend regular school, ... In 2013, the Punjab and Haryana High Court gave a landmark order that directed that there shall be a total ban on the employment of children up to the age of 14 years, be it hazardous or non-hazardous industries
(PDF) An analytical study of child labour in the agriculture sector of
Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. An analytical study of child labour in the agriculture sector of the rural areas of central Punjab, Pakistan (PDF) An analytical study of child labour in the agriculture sector of the rural areas of central Punjab, Pakistan | Saira Akhtar - Academia.edu
ਬਾਲ ਮਜ਼ਦੂਰੀ ਲੇਖ|Bal mazdoori te lekh|Essay on child labour in punjabi
#punjabisite #punjabiessay #balmazdoorilekh
Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor
In 2022, Pakistan made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Pakistan amended existing laws by increasing penalties for crimes related to child trafficking, child pornography, and employing of child domestic workers. The Punjab Labor Department also conducted over 6,000 inspections at brick kilns ...
The Punjab Restriction on Employment of Children Act 2016
Be it enacted by the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as follows: 1.Short title, extent and commencement.-. (1) This Act may be cited as the Punjab Restriction on Employment of Children Act 2016. (2) It extends to whole of the Punjab. (3) It shall come into force at once.
Essay on Child Labour for Students and Children
500+ Words Essay on Child Labour. Child labour is a term you might have heard about in news or movies. It refers to a crime where children are forced to work from a very early age. It is like expecting kids to perform responsibilities like working and fending for themselves. There are certain policies which have put restrictions and limitations ...
The Punjab Child Labour Survey (PCLS), 2019-20
Resource Center. Publications and Reports. The Punjab Child Labour Survey (PCLS), 2019-20.
Essay on "Child Labour-A Bane" for Kids and Students, English
Child labour support the source of income of the poor. A study conducted by the ILO Bureau of Statistics found that "Children's work was considered fundamental in keeping up the economic level of household, either in the form of work for wages, of help in household enterprises or of household chores in order to free adult household members for economic activity elsewhere".
Child labor essay in Punjabi 300 words
Find an answer to your question Child labor essay in Punjabi 300 words. gorayanoor57 gorayanoor57 24.06.2018 CBSE BOARD X Secondary School ... Is child labour de lai sarkar ne scheme bhi chalai c par koi v usda palan nhi karda te chote chote bacheya to kam krvonde aa te je oho bache kam nu sahi nhi kar ponde ta una di manhani bhi kiti jandi h ...
What work can children do?
Children were employed not just because they were cheap labour, but because smaller machine tolerances were better served by their smaller, nimble hands in cotton mills and looms, fast-moving engines also capable of removing fingers. Hine's work changed some businesses, but today, children are still put to work in India's carpet industry ...
Translate essay child labour in punjabi in Panjabi
Contextual translation of "essay child labour in punjabi" into Panjabi. Human translations with examples: ਬਾਲ ਮਜਦੂਰੀ.
Victorian budget 2024 confirms delay to Airport Rail Link, net debt
Net debt is now forecast to hit $187.8 billion by 2027-28, when Victorians will be paying roughly $25 million each day on interest payments. The budget faces a $2.2 billion deficit this financial ...