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Kanchanjunga Apartments by Charles Correa: The Vertical Bungalows

A revolutionary high-rise structure, standing 32 storeys high, resonating the values of climate sensitivity and stepping up to the requirement of a growing city, is probably how the Kanchanjunga Apartments could be classified as. The design mind of the Architect, Charles Correa, inexplicably combining the values of Indian Architecture and the knowledge of western styles gained through his years of valuable learning with profound designers and design needs were replicated in this Architectural marvel that stands tall in the crowded south Mumbai metro city. A building so profoundly paradoxical in a city like Mumbai, filled with houses like a matchbox, closed in, finding shelter in every nook and corner, here it stands inviting the city within itself in all its glory

A contemporary legend | Kanchanjunga Apartments

Charles Correa has been nothing short of deserving a top tier in the hall of fame for Legendary Architects who’ve made a mark in India. His work has always been a replication of the theories and ideas he synthesized over time. Born in India and educated in Architecture from the USA, he was immensely focused on combining the best of both worlds. The Gandhi Smarak in Ahmedabad epitomizes simplicity in design and thought, but still resonating its language of Architecture, the Jawahar Kala Kendra that never ceases to amaze people with its complexity in scale and material usage, the Belapur Incremental Housing which was a breakthrough in mass housing while maintaining core Indian values, are some examples of Charles Correa’s legacy that remains. Inspired by architects such as Le Corbusier and Kevin Lynch, he created his diverse way of finding solutions to India’s growing problems. From bridging the gap between ideas using Western building techniques and Indian ideologies to blending them seamlessly and making a fusion style that stands on its own, Charles Correa displayed.

The Kanchenjunga is an architectural marvel that still portrays its qualities of being climatically sensitive to the region through its orientation on the site, considering harsh sunlight as well as the cool breeze from the sea. Its immaculate placement is not just limited to the ground level but also micro-organized on the upper-level units as well. The residential tower accomplishes this by positioning itself east-west to capture prevailing sea breezes and a magnificent view of the city. In addition to that, the building amplifies the concept of thermal comfort, to provide a comfortable temperature to the residents occupying these premium units of residences. The popular concept seen in old bungalows, to wrap itself around by a protective layer of verandahs was replicated to scale the towering height of a high-rise building.

The tower was held together against the shear stress by the core space in the center that included the lifts and staircases as well. The slip method of construction was used for the first time in India, in which concrete is continuously poured onto a moving form, to make the construction precise and time-saving. The core space was constructed before the other parts of the building were done on-site, because of the structural dependency on the core for access during construction as well as structural support. Taking the support of this massive structural system, Correa could provide cantilevered verandah spaces that could span up to 6 m to the side. The deep terrace garden spaces that open up to the outdoors are oriented away from the sun to offer protection from the menacing heat from the south, in Mumbai.

Another aspect of the building to shield the south sun is the minimal openings on the south, thereby reducing the amount of heat penetrating the living spaces. The hierarchy of spaces inside a unit was evident through the difference of respective volumes from the entrance opening up to the double-height balconies with terrace garden through the interstitial space in between that included a mezzanine floor. Bearing in mind the legible section and its uses, the spatial organization , and planning of the insides are quite complex. The tower includes different units that vary from 3-6 bedrooms showcasing the same principles. The flats are planned for further thermal comfort by enabling the units to cross circulate wind, longitudinally through openings in the building. The Kanchenjunga is almost completely made of concrete, with just the reinforcements by steel In its structure. The R.C.C construction, with an emphasis on the structural core for support with its white-painted plaster finish, gave it the look of skyscrapers that made it to the books in the West. That said, it takes a prodigal Architectural brain to alter the characteristics to the best possible features in a different geographical location such as India.

An experience within itself

Inclusive of all the architectural complexities and details and the excellence in design, Kanchenjunga is a heap of stories within a city like Mumbai. Known for its overcrowding, minimal space to live, and concrete jungles, the existence of this structure so beautifully designed as to so openly bringing in Mumbai and its beauty, sea and its views, the view of majestic buildings around, and just the lifestyle of the city into the lives of its residents is the beauty of Kanchenjunga. Sure the architect has his own stories to tell about the structure, the thought process, but to just have a structure adapting to a city as to just become a part of it, having balconies so huge that they become the gateway to just take in the city of Mumbai, to be a cozy corner to sit and enjoy the sunset, whilst listening to the waves splashing against the land with its proximity to the sea, Kanchenjunga is surely a haven. The views one different from others, some calming some an inspiration to its residents, the stories, the silence when the city sleeps, the noise, the breeze, Kanchenjunga apart from being a structure is an experience within itself

ArchDaily. (2011). AD Classics: Kanchanjunga Apartments / Charles Correa . [online] Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/151844/ad-classics-kanchanjunga-apartments-charles-correa.

Charles Correa, Pravina Mehta and Shirish Patel (1983). Kanchanjunga Apartments at Cumbala Hill. Journal of The Indian Institute of Architects , [online] 59(02). Available at: https://architexturez.net/doc/az-cf-123762.

‌architectuul.com. (n.d.). Kanchenjunga Apartments . [online] Available at: http://architectuul.com/architecture/kanchenjunga-apartments [Accessed 5 Apr. 2021].

identity housing. (2009). Charles Correa – Kanchanjunga Apartments, Cumballa Hill, Mumbai, 1970-1983 . [online] Available at: https://identityhousing.wordpress.com/2009/12/03/charles-correa-kanchanjunga-apartments-cumballa-hill-mumbai-1970-1983/.

Darsan Babu, an architect, dreamer and a storyteller who loves to take on challenges and reform perspectives on some days, but sit by the mountain and quote words of Howard Roark on others. Would love to explore all things architecture, educate and shape the Urbanscape soon enough.

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This opulent Mumbai apartment is a case study in functional design

By Avantika Shankar

Photography by Niveditaa Gupta

Showcasing exemplary modular contemporary design, DIG Architects transformed a run-down 530-square-feet Mumbai apartment into a luminous luxury suite. Copper Cube Haus, which is located in an unlikely old building in the bylanes of Andheri, is a case study in creative problem solving, and an example of how good design is always ripe for the challenge. “The brief was pretty out of the box,” admits DIG Architects co-founder, Amit Khanolkar. The client is originally from Goa, but travels frequently, and has to transit through Mumbai very often. “He got tired of staying in hotels each time, and decided to get something of his own.” He acquired a small apartment in a nondescript building close to the airport, and was looking to convert it into a secondary transit home. “His idea was to create a kind of studio or lounge, where he could even conduct meetings from home,” says Khanolkar. The challenge, however, lay in making the most of the cramped, poorly-designed floor plan. “The apartment itself was a 1BHK, with a very linear layout,” explains Khanolkar. “The challenge was to open up the entire space, while making a bold statement at the same time.” Copper is the basis of the design palette, which is otherwise a wash of black and vitrified cementitious tiling. The copper cube, from which the project gets its name, is a copper sheet-clad kitchen unit that systematically partitions the living space and master bedroom. “We wanted to be somewhere in the vicinity of contemporary, dark, and a little industrial,” says Khanolkar. “The copper gets its importance because most of the materials around it are very muted.”

Copper is the basis of the design palette

In that vein, all architectural lighting was kept under 3000K colour temperature, which is yellow or golden, to give the copper its due. The result is a home that has the ambience of a plush hotel suite. “We try to be consistent in our design,” explains Khanolkar, “We know that with one or two materials, you can make a strong statement. It’s about designing responsibly.”

Living Room

The living room is furnished sparingly with a TV console, a sofa and a side table. In the centre, a table and arrangement of chairs doubles as a dining table or work-from-home table. A movable fabric screen, framed in aluminium, slides across the window—it functions as a curtain while allowing the overall volume of the space to appear seamless. A custom rug from Weavers Knot underlines the space, while a pendant light completes the arrangement. A large artwork, customised to compliment the volum etric theme of the house, provides a soft backdrop to the scene.

The focal point of the house is the kitchen, from which the project gets its name. The eponymous “copper cube” is a modular kitchen unit clad in copper sheets. The cube appears to be detached from the ceiling, thereby raising the visual height of the space and also making room for a ceiling-mounted air conditioner. All cabinets and shelves within the unit are also clad in copper sheets, and a copper inlay extends along the floor, thereby defining the cubic structure within the visual space. The front portion of the kitchen, which shares space with the living room, has been fitted with bar stools to provide additional seating. A slit in the middle offers visual connectivity between the kitchen and living room, making the unit appear more spacious. The walls around the cube are clad in black tiles that extend all the way to the master bedroom at the far end of the house. The top of the kitchen unit is wrapped in Barrisol, a fabric that distributes the light evenly across the copper surfaces. “It completely washes the copper and makes it more opulent,” explains Khanolkar, “The mood of the space is quite dark, so by using this Barrisol, we’re highlighting the primary theme, which is the copper cube.”

By Devyani Jayakar

By Aishwarya Khurana

By Takshi Mehta

Master Bedroom

A sliding door, cleverly concealed within the kitchen cube, can be pulled forward to create a private master bedroom that includes the master bath. “The doors don’t take up circulation space,” explains Khanolkar, “They disappear into the walls, so there is no visual interruption.” The master bedroom appears almost like a framed tableau, a birch ply-clad cube that is set within a thick wrap clad in black. The wrap makes room for concealed storage, both around and within the cube of the master bedroom. A full length mirror, a ceiling-height shelving unit and drawers within the base plinth make up what will function as the dressing area. The birch ply cube is the sleeping unit, fitted with a modular bed and a built-in side table, the base of which can be opened for additional storage. As in the living room, the only window in the master bedroom can be accessed by sliding back a framed work of wall art. The TV wall opposite the master bed is a fluted surface that also opens out to reveal additional storage compartments. “Smaller houses require this kind of utility,” insists Khanolkar, “and every square inch of the space that is available for storage and utility has to be made use of.”

The master bedroom appears almost like a framed tableau

The birch ply cube is the sleeping unit, fitted with a modular bed  

The theme of black is fully realised in the master bathroom, which is entirely clad in a mosaic of black ceramic tiles. White grouting offers a stern contrast, and gives the space “a digital look,” as Khanolkar describes it. “We were very minimalistic in our design for this space,” he adds, “The mosaic itself, which is busy, does the job.” Black granite shelves and a black ceramic basin enhance the palette. Copper accents appear as towel rods and racks, and the countertop which is entirely clad in copper sheets.

The theme of black is fully realised in the master bathroom

By Arya Chatterjee

Photography by PHOTOGRAPHIX INDIA

Photography by Harsh Lodha

By Barry Rodgers

Photography by Stories in Motion

By Ashna Lulla

A Case Study of Rental Management in India Under COVID19

[A Study of Symbiotic Arrangements to Work from Anywhere (WFA) Leading to a Business Model Proposition of Smart Rental Homes Owned by Elderly]

• Conference paper
• First Online: 12 April 2022
• Cite this conference paper

• Devashish De 5 &
• Shalini Mahapatra 6  

Part of the book series: Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics ((SPBE))

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India lacks a formal social security system. However, there is scope to develop a few systems, empowering some desired sections financially. In the recent past, post the onset of COVID19 , a number of Indians have chosen to adopt a ‘Start Up’ mechanism using proprietary trade secrets. These mechanisms are not new, have existed informally and have been carried forward through generations. This paper is an attempt to lay the blueprint of a social security system which can be adopted by the elderly urban middle class of India, giving them a more profitable, safe and lucrative money generation means, through their real estate assets. The rental laws of India are fluid, allowing the middle-class real estate owners to fall prey to unknown and unexpected complications, creating legal turmoil. The call of the hour is to restructure rental arrangements, keeping the safety of the owner as priority without neglecting the preferred requirements of the tenants. A probable symbiotic arrangement, which by all means can provide professionals, a stay and vacation option. This dwelling space would allow them to work and holiday from anywhere, away from their designated office space. These stay and vacation options can also create the scope of living in larger spaces for professionals with pocket suiting investment. The profiteering objective of Rental Management of Real Estate renting process can be redefined easily by the creation of a ‘Renting Appraisal App’, making it convenient and transparent for the property owner and the rent seeker.

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De, D., Mahapatra, S. (2022). A Case Study of Rental Management in India Under COVID19. In: Subudhi, R.N., Mishra, S., Saleh, A., Khezrimotlagh, D. (eds) Future of Work and Business in Covid-19 Era. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0357-1_29

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Please note you do not have access to teaching notes, factors affecting rentals of residential apartments in pune, india: an empirical investigation.

International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis

ISSN : 1753-8270

Article publication date: 17 July 2019

Issue publication date: 23 September 2019

The purpose of this paper is to find out the factors affecting rentals of residential apartments in Pune, India.

Design/methodology/approach

Four regression models are developed, i.e. basic ordinary least square (OLS) regression model, OLS regression model with robust estimates, OLS regression model with clustered robust estimates and generalized least square (GLS) regression model with maximum likelihood (ML) robust estimates. Based on the Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion criteria, OLS regression model with clustered robust estimates and GLS regression model with robust estimates are best fit. The data are tested for multicollinearity and the models are tested for heteroscedasticity. The study uses the expected rent value data collected from Web portals and the data on factors affecting the rental value of residential property are collected through the study of land use maps, Google earth software and field visits.

Total floor area and number of rooms are structure related factors that positively affect the rental value, i.e. more the area and number of rooms, higher the rental value. The distances from the nearest police station and fire station are security and safety factors. The results suggest that higher distance from these factors leads to lower rental values, as safety and security is the top priority of residents seeking residential property on rental basis. The distance from employment zones, distance from nearest school/college and the distance from the nearest public transport terminal are convenience related factors that negatively affect the rental value, as greater the distance, lesser the rental value and vice versa. The distance from Central Business District and hospitals has a positive effect on the rental values of a residential property implying that higher distances from these places command higher rental value.

Research limitations/implications

The study relies on rental data that owner is expecting for a particular property, it is not certain that the property would be actually rented for the same value. Second, researchers had to drop certain important drivers of rental value because of the issue of multicollinearity.

Practical implications

This is one of the rare studies conducted in Indian context, and the findings of the study are useful from the owner, tenants, urban bodies and developers’ point of view. Knowing that India is one of the fastest growing markets and need for housing is increasing day by day (including housing facility on rental basis), the stakeholders need to take care of the factors that affect the rental values of a residential property.

Social implications

The authors suggest the governments and the municipal bodies in India to come up with a public rental housing policy that separately caters to the needs of the lower income group, middle and upper income group in at least metros, tier I and tier II cities that are witnessing unprecedented growth in job seeking immigrants, who are seeking properties on rental basis. While developing a public rental policy, they must keep in mind the factors that are driving the rental values, such as proximity to employment zones, proximity to proper school and college, efficient public transport system as well as all safety and security measures. Creation of such a public rental policy is a win–win situation for immigrants, property owners and government/urban development bodies.

Originality/value

This paper is the first empirical study about the factors affecting rental values in Pune, India. The study will help property owners, immigrant and local tenants, government and urban development bodies to develop an understanding about the important factors affecting rental value and come up with their respective plans. Advanced econometric regression models are used based on the data that is collected through actual field visits, study of maps and secondary information rather than use of survey method or creation of dummy variables.

• Residential property

Singla, H.K. and Bendigiri, P. (2019), "Factors affecting rentals of residential apartments in Pune, India: an empirical investigation", International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis , Vol. 12 No. 6, pp. 1028-1054. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-12-2018-0097

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The Maldives is racing to create new land. Why are so many people concerned?

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Ancient DNA traces family lines and political shifts in the Avar empire

A chemical method for selective labelling of the key amino acid tryptophan

Robust optical clocks promise stable timing in a portable package

Targeting RNA opens therapeutic avenues for Timothy syndrome

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Scientists urged to collect royalties from the ‘magic money tree’

Breaking ice, and helicopter drops: winning photos of working scientists

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Want to make a difference try working at an environmental non-profit organization, how ground glass might save crops from drought on a caribbean island, books & culture.

How volcanoes shaped our planet — and why we need to be ready for the next big eruption

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Reporting by Alexander Cornwell; editing by Maha El Dahan and Alexandra Hudson

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Thai foreign minister quits after cabinet reshuffle

Thai Foreign Minister Parnpree Bahiddha-Nukara has resigned, the government said on Sunday, after being removed from the post of deputy prime minister in a cabinet reshuffle, at a time when the Southeast Asian country seeks to help resolve a conflict in Myanmar.