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Disaster Management

A disaster is not an event that would allow you to prepare yourself for it before its arrival. Recovering from its aftermath can take weeks, months, years, and in some rare cases, decades. From a volcano to a gas chamber leak, the range of disasters lurking in the environment is more than you can count.

However, that doesn’t mean that you would give up and accept defeat. As someone rightfully said, “precaution is better than cure”, the only way to survive these disasters is to learn how to manage them. Today, we are going to explore exactly just that. We are going to take a close look at the basic structure of disaster management so that we can prepare ourselves better when faced with an adversary.

What is a Disaster?

In order to understand the essence of disaster management, you need to learn what disaster means. So, let’s deal with this part first.

A disaster is a serious damage or disruption of the functioning of a society or community. It involves a widespread impact on humans, the economy, and the environment to a degree that exceeds the ability of the society to recover from.

It takes place when a hazard becomes so severe that it adversely impacts the lives of vulnerable people. The lethal combination of vulnerability, hazards, and the inability to decrease the potentially harmful consequences of risk results in the formation of a disaster.

What do you mean by Disaster Management?

Disaster management can be defined as the management and organization of responsibilities and available resources for coping up with various humanitarian aspects of emergencies. It focuses on the response, preparedness, and recovery so that the impact of the disaster is lessened as much as possible.

Essentially, it is a series of strategic planning of the various procedures that need to be undertaken, administered, and employed to safeguard assets and lives from severe damages when natural or man-made calamities take place.

Why is Disaster Management Important?

Disasters can drastically impact the environment and the life forms living in it in a highly negative way. It is impossible to avoid disasters, especially natural ones. They are inevitable and there is nothing you can do to stop them from happening. However, the most that we can do is to prepare ourselves better to face the challenges brought up by a disaster.  This is why learning how to manage a disaster (which is the crux of disaster management) is so important.

Disaster management needs intervention and assistance from the government and the human community at large. Proper planning alongside adequate funds is what is going to make the process of execution successful.

When a disaster occurs, there is widespread panic.  Thinking clearly and planning properly when you are panic-ridden is not possible. Therefore, when you have a pre-established rulebook to follow (which is created at leisure with calm, cool, and collected mind), then chances of its success are much higher. This is why it is included in the curriculum of students these days.

What are the Types of Disaster?

A disaster can be of various types and the duration can last range from a few seconds to a couple of years. Here is a broad classification of the types of disasters:

Natural Disaster

A natural disaster is a physical phenomenon that is caused by either slow or rapid succession of events that immediately impacts human health and leads to widespread suffering and death. For instance, an earthquake can take place for a few seconds whereas a drought takes a lot of time to develop, but both can adversely affect various life forms in abundance.

Some of the common examples of natural disasters are as follows:

• Geophysical (such as tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic activity, and landslides)
• Meteorological (such as storms, wave surges, and cyclones)
• Hydrological (such as floods and avalanches)
• Biological (such as disease epidemics and insect/animal plagues)
• Climatological (such as wildfire, drought, and extreme temperatures)

Man-Made Disaster

Man-made disasters are events that are the direct results of human activities or mistakes. Sometimes, it is the result of an immediate action made by humans while sometimes it is a build-up of the culmination of human misdoings.

Some of the most common man-made disasters are as follows:

• Groundwater contamination
• Mining accidents
• Structure failures
• Hazardous material spills
• Gas chamber leaks
• Vehicle accident
• Environmental degradation

Pandemic Disasters

The word pandemic has been derived from the Greek words ‘pan’ meaning ‘all’ and ‘demos meaning ‘people’. So, pandemic means a situation that affects everyone. It is the spread of an infectious disease that spreads across a large region that not only affects health but also disrupts services that lead to economical degradation.

It may be a consequence of a natural or man-made disaster or both. Some of the common examples of pandemic disasters are as follows:

• Spanish Flu
• Avian Flu/ Bird Flu
• Yellow Fever
• Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

Complex Emergency Disasters

Complex emergency disasters refer to those events that result from a combination of both natural and man-made causes that involve looting, attacks, breakdown of authority, conflicts, and war. These disasters are often characterized by widespread damage to both economics and science, and extensive violence, among others.

It requires humanitarian assistance at a large scale across numerous agencies in order to combat these disasters. There is also an increased risk of security for humanitarian relief workers in these cases. Some of the prime examples of complex emergency disasters are as follows:

• Armed conflicts
• Food insecurity
• Displaced populations

What are Different Phases of Disaster Management?

The key to formulating a successful plan for managing disaster involves breaking down the whole action into different fragments since that would help in the easy execution. This is why the phases of disaster management are categorized in the following four phases. The government and society have to function as one organization here.

This phase takes place before the disaster takes place. Different people should be assigned to different work in different phases and each phase should be handled separately. A clear understanding of all four phases will help empower the overall disaster management plan.

It will give you the best chance at survival and recovery. This is done in order to protect people and property. It involves property inspection and discovering various ways to minimize damage. The primary goal of this step is to decrease the vulnerability to disaster impacts.

Preparedness

This refers to the actions taken ahead of time so that one can prepare for an emergency. Herein, attempts are made to understand how a particular disaster can affect life forms and to what degree. This phase involves training, educations, and developing skills to face the disaster.

The third phase in disaster management is response. It is primarily focused on protecting the people and property during the time of the disaster. It entails the immediate aftermath of a disaster. The attention is paid towards the immediate threats. Plans are executed to keep life forms out of harm’s way.

The fourth and final phase of disaster management is recovery. Immediately after the response phase, there will be a gradual shift towards conducting repairs, re-establishing operations, restoring utilities, and overall cleaning up. This is generally conducted when some form of environmental, physical, social, and economic stability has been achieved.

A major focus here is to obtain new resources while implementing effective pre-established recovery strategies.

Depending upon the severity of the disaster, it can take around six months to one year or even longer for completing the recovery phase.

What are the Disaster Management Best Practices?

Managing through a disaster requires the execution of the following three practices:

• Frequently update the disaster management recovery plan while laying down instructions specifically. Technological advances are being made every day. Therefore, including new plans or tweaking the existing plans to best suit the needs are crucial.
• Regularly test your disaster recovery plan so that you can understand whether the plans are feasible or not. Try to do it annually at least.
• Be sure to have a clear line of communication. This is extremely important. Communicating and listening to each other’s opinions and formulating the best plan based on everyone’s input will make the operation successful. During and immediately after the disaster, lines of communication may be interrupted or broken. So, keep this in mind and keep some back-up plans in hand in case people are not able to communicate.

Disaster management is based on the principle of planning hard today to safeguard the future. Even though we can get early warnings of disaster these days, no one should be complacent and take it for granted. There will be many times when we won’t be warned about an upcoming disaster or there will be times when the intensity of an upcoming disaster is undermined. Therefore, planning is the only thing that will keep you safe.

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Disaster Management Project Class 9

As part of the CBSE 9th 2024–25 syllabus, students are required to prepare and submit Social Science projects on disaster management. Educart has created a special page filled with inspiring ideas for various parts of this project.

Here, you will find creative cover page designs, well-designed acknowledgment pages, and even complete project files (in video form) showcasing the top projects on disaster management from previous years.

Project Structure

The index, also called the Table of Contents, usually comes after acknowledgment. It contains the main heading of the topics arranged in a sequence. Here is an example for reference purpose.

Start your class 9 project on disaster management by providing a brief introduction and overview of disaster management. Define disaster followed by the definition of disaster management. Use the following reference to understand the meaning of disaster management, and write the intro part of the project.

https://www.undrr.org/terminology/disaster-management  

https://nidm.gov.in/PDF/Disaster_about.pdf  

https://publichealth.tulane.edu/blog/what-is-disaster-management/  

https://www.iwapublishing.com/news/disaster-management

Explain why disaster management is important given India’s diversified climatic conditions. Explain natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, cyclones, floods, droughts, etc.

https://publichealth.tulane.edu/blog/disaster-management-cycle/  

Write two different types of natural and man-made disasters, along with examples.  

3.1 Natural Disasters

Start with the definition—Natural hazards are environmental events that can affect societies and the human environment. They are different from man-made hazards. For example, a flood caused by changes in river flows is a natural hazard, while a flood caused by a dam failure is a man-made hazard.

Now, describe various natural disasters and their impacts. Quote a few, e.g., of natural disasters like:

• Earthquakes
• Hurricanes/Cyclones
• Volcanic Eruptions
• Avalanche, etc.

https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/natural-hazards  

3.2 Man-Made Disasters

Next, write about man-made disasters, how they are caused, etc., along with quoting a few examples, like: 

• Industrial Accidents
• Nuclear Disasters
• Environmental degradation

https://sdma-arunachal.in/manmade-disasters/  

Mention the vulnerability profile of India, discussing the States and Union Territories that are disaster-prone. Describe all the factors, both natural and man-induced, responsible for the vulnerability of these states.

https://iasscore.in/data-story/vulnerability-profile-of-india  

https://www.drishtiias.com/to-the-points/paper3/disaster-management-i  

Write about the two worst disaster cases in India that impacted the lives of millions of people. Mention the following two:

5.1 Natural Disaster: 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

5.2 Man-Made Disaster: Bhopal Gas Tragedy

  https://recovery.preventionweb.net/collections/recovery-collection-2004-indian-ocean-earthquake-and-tsunami  

Define what disaster risk reduction is, write about all phases and also describe the disaster management cycle.

6.1 Phases of Disaster Management

Under this topic, describe the key phases of disaster management i.e., the pre-disaster phase, the disaster phase, and the post-disaster phase, and mention all the key components of this phase.  

• Preparedness
• Rehabilitation

https://home.akitabox.com/blog/4-phases-of-disaster-management/  

6.2 Disaster Management Cycle

Mention various national and international bodies and their role in disaster management. 

• National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
• National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
• United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR)

Mention the Disaster Management Act of 2005. Highlight the key points and explain how the act is beneficial in disaster management.

As technology develops, so does its application, and it has not left any field unaffected. So, describe how technology helps predict, prepare for, and respond to disasters. Provide examples of technologies used in disaster management, such as early warning systems, GIS mapping, and communication tools.

https://www.drishtiias.com/blog/tech-driven-disaster-management-changing-the-game

Other Measures to Prevent Disasters

Write some of the measures that should be taken to mitigate disasters, for eg: 

• Disaster resilient infrastructure
• Climate Change Adaptation
• Environmentally Sustainable Development
• Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Mapping
• Urban Planning and Development

https://www.nextias.com/blog/disaster-management/  

Once you have written down all the important points in your disaster management project for class 9, you should summarize the key points discussed in your project and highlight the importance of effective disaster management for community resilience and safety.

The last page of your project should be a bibliography. Here, you have to provide a list of sources you used for your research, whether books, websites, articles, or any other relevant materials.

Below is the list of references used to provide you with all the important information on the disaster management project for class 9. This might be useful for you, so please do check this out.  

https://www.iwapublishing.com/news/disaster-management  

https://iasscore.in/data-story/vulnerability-profile-of-india https://ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in/geop15/chapter/issues-and-challenges-in-disaster-management/

• Explain the main difference between natural and man-made disasters with examples?
• How many phases are there in Disaster Management cycle?
• What measures can be taken to improve disaster preparedness in communities?
• Describe the role of government agencies in disaster mitigation.
• What are some challenges faced during the response phase of disaster management?

Examples: Cover Images

Here are a few cover page ideas for the disaster management project for class 9.

Examples: Acknowledgement / Index page

Have a look at few creative examples for your project acknowledgement and Index Page.

Videos: Topper Project Files

Here are some video links to inspire your disaster management project.

Project Idea- Video 1

Project Idea- Video 2

Project Idea- Video 3

Project Idea- Video 4

Pdfs: full projects.

Download full project PDF of disaster management file for CBSE class 9

Sample Project 1

Sample Project 2

Sample project 3, sample project 4, sample project 5, sample project 6, other projects.

<red> → <red>  SST Social Issues Project for Class 10

<red> → <red>  SST Sustainable Development Project for Class 10

<red> → <red>   SST Consumer Awareness Project for Class 10

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Disaster Management: Types, Steps & Measures

Disaster Management encompasses the process of preparing for, responding to, and learning from the consequences of such major failures. It involves dealing with the human, material, economic, and environmental effects caused by a specific disaster.

As per the United Nations, a disaster refers to a significant disruption that hampers the functioning of a community or society. It entails extensive impacts on people, property, the economy, or the environment, surpassing the capacity of the affected community to manage using its own resources.

Types of Disaster

Disasters can take various forms and profoundly disrupt communities, leading to significant consequences for individuals, property, businesses, and the environment. They often test a community’s ability to cope.

Human-caused disasters, resulting from human errors, include incidents like industrial explosions or structural failures. Natural disasters stem from physical occurrences such as earthquakes and droughts. Complex disasters may involve epidemics or armed conflicts.

Disasters can be categorized into different types:

Steps in Disaster Management

It is about organizing and managing resources to deal with emergencies. It includes being prepared, responding to the situation, and recovering from it in order to minimize the impact of disasters.

The goal is to prevent hazards from turning into disasters and to reduce the loss of life and property. It involves planning and taking steps before, during, and after a disaster. This includes preparing for disasters, implementing effective response systems, and building resilient communities.

The three main steps:

Several Agencies are Involved in Disaster Management in India

• National Disaster Management Authority ( NDMA ): It is the apex body for disaster management in India, led by the Prime Minister. It supervises and controls the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
• National Executive Committee (NEC): It consists of high-profile ministers from the Indian government. The NEC is responsible for implementing the National Plan for Disaster Management as per the National Policy on Disaster Management.
• State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA): Each state has its own SDMA, headed by the Chief Minister. The SDMA works with a State Executive Committee (SEC) to assist in disaster management at the state level.
• District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA): The DDMA is led by the District Collector or equivalent authority and includes elected representatives from the local government. Its role is to ensure that guidelines from the NDMA and SDMA are followed at the district level.
• Local Authorities: Local authorities, such as Panchayati Raj Institutions, Municipalities, and Town Planning Authorities, are responsible for controlling and managing civic services in their respective areas.

Measures to Prevent and Mitigate Disasters

Prevention and mitigation of disasters is an important part of the process of management of disasters. Some of the measures are:

• Critical Infrastructure Safety: Regular checks should be conducted on critical infrastructure such as roads, dams, bridges, and power stations to ensure they meet safety standards and are fortified if necessary.
• Environmentally Sustainable Development: Environmental considerations and developmental efforts should go hand in hand to ensure sustainability.
• Climate Change Adaptation: The challenges posed by climate change, including the increased frequency and intensity of natural disasters, should be addressed through strategies that focus on adaptation and risk reduction.
• Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Mapping: Using tools like Geographic Information System (GIS), mapping and vulnerability analysis should be conducted to identify high-risk areas and develop strategies to address them.
• Urban Planning and Development: Preventing unplanned urbanization and focusing on maintaining natural drainage systems can help reduce the impact of disasters in urban areas.

By implementing these measures, India can better prepare for and mitigate the effects of disasters, making communities safer and more resilient.

Disaster management occupies an important place in India’s policy framework as it is the poor and the underprivileged who are worst affected on account of calamities/disasters.

Disasters retard socio-economic development, further, impoverish the impoverished and lead to diversion of scarce resources from development to rehabilitation and reconstruction. Due to all these factors India has invested resources in mitigation and adaptation resources.

What is the Aim of Disaster Management?

The aim of disaster management is to reduce the impact of disasters and minimize the loss of life, property, and infrastructure. It focuses on preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation to enhance the resilience of communities and ensure effective coordination among various stakeholders during emergencies.

How is Disaster Management Done in India?

In India, the management of disasters is carried out through a multi-tiered approach. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) formulates policies and guidelines at the national level. State-level and district-level disaster management authorities implement these policies and coordinate disaster response efforts.

They conduct risk assessments, develop disaster management plans, conduct awareness campaigns, establish early warning systems, and coordinate rescue and relief operations during disasters.

What are the Different Types of Disaster Management in India?

The different types of disaster management in India encompass both natural and man-made disasters. Natural disasters include floods, cyclones, earthquakes, droughts, landslides, and avalanches. Man-made disasters encompass industrial accidents, chemical spills, nuclear incidents, terrorist attacks, and other emergencies arising from human activities.

What type of Disaster is Most Important in India?

While all types of disasters are significant in India, natural disasters like floods, cyclones, and earthquakes pose substantial challenges due to the country’s geography, population density, and climate variability.

These disasters can cause significant loss of life, displacement of people, damage to infrastructure, and disruption to the economy. Efforts to manage and mitigate these natural disasters are crucial to protecting lives and ensuring the long-term resilience of communities in India.

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Disaster Management, National

• Reference work entry
• Cite this reference work entry

• Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz 2 , 3  

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Emergency management

Disaster management is a systematic process of using the body of policy, administrative decisions, organization, and operational skills and capacities to reduce risks of natural or man-made disasters and their adverse effects. Disaster management can be realized at various levels – sub-national (local, regional), national, and international, and at various times – before, during, and after a disaster.

Basic Characteristics

The responsibility for disaster ( hazards, natural ; hazards, technological ) management typically reflects the subsidiarity principle . It is attempted, as far as possible, to solve problems related to emergency at the lowest possible administration level of the place where the emergency occurs. The resources of the local authority (local government) are used first to manage a disaster occurring in a community. The response of local police, fire, and emergency medical services can be sufficient in the case of...

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Alexander D (2002) Principles of emergency planning and management. Terra Publishing, Harpenden

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Greenberg MI (2006) Encyclopedia of terrorist, natural, and man-made disasters. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Boston

Haddow GD, Bullock JA (2004) Introduction to emergency management. Butterworth‐Heinemann, Amsterdam

Kirch W, Menne B, Bertollini R (eds) (2005) Extreme weather events and public health Responses. Springer, Berlin

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http://www.mcdem.govt.nz Accessed 22 Nov 2007 http://www.civildefence.gov.nz Website of Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management, New Zealand.

http://www.priu.gov.lk/Ministries/Min_Disaster_Management.html Accessed 22 Nov 2007 http://www.priu.gov.lk/Ministries_2007/Min-disaster_mgmt_human_rights.html Website of Ministry of Disaster Management and Human Rights, Sri Lanka.

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Kundzewicz, Z. (2008). Disaster Management, National . In: Kirch, W. (eds) Encyclopedia of Public Health. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5614-7_814

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• Disaster Management Project for Class 9, Download PDF File

The Disaster Management Act was passed by the Lok Sabha on 28th Nov 2005, and by the Rajya Sabha, Narendra Modi, the PM of India, launched the Disaster Management Project.

Table of Contents

Disaster Management Project

Disaster management in India is one of the most crucial points of discussion because of India’s highly diversified Climate. Indian Subcontinent is frequently evident of natural catastrophes such as Cyclones, earthquakes, floods, and droughts. Disaster management is the process of planning for and responding to natural disasters. It entails carefully organizing resources to mitigate the damage caused by calamities. It also entails a systematic strategy for handling catastrophe prevention, readiness, response, and recovery duties. n the article we will discuss it’s types, how to prepare Disaster Management Projects for Class 9 and 10 students along with new project ideas.

What is Disaster Management Project Class 9?

According to the United Nations, a disaster is a major disruption of a community or society’s ability to function that involves extensive affects on people, property, the economy, or the environment and beyond the capacity of the affected community or society to deal using its own resources.

Disaster management is the process by which we “prepare for, respond to and learn from the effects of big failures”. It is how we cope with the human, material, economic, or environmental impacts of a given disaster. Disasters can have human causes, despite the fact that nature frequently causes them. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies defines a disaster as when a risk affects individuals who are already weak. Check disaster management project in details.

What is Disaster?

A disaster is a sudden, catastrophic event that causes significant disruption, damage, and destruction, affecting the lives, property, and environment of a community or region. Disasters can be natural or man-made, and they often require emergency response and recovery efforts to manage the aftermath and assist affected populations.

Disasters can take many different forms. Disasters, in whatever shape they take, disturb communities and can have major consequences for people, property, businesses, and the environment. They frequently test a community’s ability to cope. Human-caused disasters, such as industrial explosions or structural breakdowns, are the result of human error. Natural catastrophes are caused by physical occurrences such as earthquakes and droughts. Complex disasters might include epidemics or armed conflicts.

Types of Disaster for Class 9 Students

Types of Disasters are categorised into the following types-

• Floods, hail storms, cloudbursts, cyclones, heat waves, cold waves, droughts, and hurricanes are all examples of water-related disasters .
• Landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tornadoes are examples of geological disasters .
• Man-made disasters include urban and forest fires, oil spills, and the collapse of massive constructions.
• Biological disasters include viral outbreaks, pest invasions, livestock epidemics, and locust plagues.
• Chemical and industrial mishaps, mining shaft fires, and oil spills are examples of industrial disasters.
• Nuclear disasters include nuclear core meltdowns and radiation burn, sickness.

Disaster Management Cycle

Organizations and people use the disaster management cycle, which consists of a sequence of processes, to plan for, contain, and mitigate unforeseen disasters. These could include unforeseen property damage, natural disasters, or other occurrences that put other people’s lives in peril. After the initial crisis has passed, the disaster management cycle assists everyone in minimising the effects of unforeseen events and recovering as much resources as possible. A disaster management cycle aids persons affected by disasters by assisting in their reconstruction, regrouping, and recovery.

Disaster Management Act, 2005 for Class 9 & 10 Students

The Lok Sabha enacted the Disaster Management Act on November 28, 2005, and the Rajya Sabha did it on December 12, 2005. On January 9, 2006, the Indian President gave his approval. The Act mandates the creation of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), whose chairman shall be the Prime Minister of India. At any given moment, the NDMA can only have nine members total, including the vice-chairperson. The NDMA members are appointed for a five-year term. On 27 September 2005, the NDMA was formally established in accordance with Section 3(1) of the Disaster Management Act after being first established on 30 May 2005 by executive order. The NDMA is in charge of “setting down the rules, plans, and procedures for disaster” as well as making sure that disaster responses are swift and efficient. It is tasked with establishing “guidelines to be followed by the State Authorities in drawing up the national Plans” in accordance with Section 6 of the Act. The Disaster Management Act of 2005 acknowledges Disaster Management as a crucial process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and implementing measures which are necessary for-

• Prevention of the threat of any disaster
• Reduction of risk of any disaster or its consequences
• Readiness to deal with any disaster
• Promptness in dealing with a disaster
• Assessing the severity of the effects of any disaster
• Rescue and relief
• Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

Project on Disaster Management

A disaster management project is a strategy created to aid a community or organisation in disaster prevention, response, and recovery. Natural or man-made, disasters can result in a variety of harm, including destruction of physical property, injuries, and fatalities.

A disaster management project’s objective is to lessen the effects of a disaster by: 

• Identifying potential risks and hazards
• Creating plans to reduce the risks and hazards
• preparing people for disaster response
• putting in place a structure to manage relief operations

CUET 2024 Samarth 2.0 Arts Complete Batch

Project on Disaster Management for Class 9 PDF

The disaster management project pdf is given below so that candidates who want to use this pdf in their file can download it by clicking on below link.

Disaster Management Project PDF

Disasters Management Project Types

• Hazard mitigation projects: These projects are designed to reduce the impact of a disaster by reducing the risk of a hazard occurring or by reducing the damage that a hazard can cause. For example, a hazard mitigation project might involve building a levee to protect a community from flooding or planting trees to help prevent erosion.
• Emergency response plans: These plans outline how a community or organization will respond to a disaster. They typically include information on how to evacuate people, how to provide food and water, and how to provide medical care.
• Recovery plans: These plans outline how a community or organization will recover from a disaster. They typically include information on how to rebuild infrastructure, how to provide financial assistance, and how to help people get back to their normal lives .
• Natural disasters management projects
• Man made disasters management projects

Natural Disasters Management Projects

The disasters which are caused by nature are termed natural disasters. For examples: earthquakes, floods, droughts, etc.

Man-made Disasters Management Projects

The disasters which are the results of human activities are known as man-made disasters. For examples: road accidents, and terrorist attacks.

Tips for developing a disaster management project

Here are some tips for developing a disaster management project.

• The first stage in creating a project on disaster management is identifying the potential risks and hazards that your community or organisation may encounter. You can achieve this by performing a hazard analysis.
• Identify potential hazards and risks, then create plans to reduce them. This is necessary after you have determined what potential risks and hazards exist. This could entail creating evacuation preparations, planting trees, or establishing levees.
• Teach people how to handle emergencies: It’s crucial to teach individuals how to handle emergencies. This can entail instructing individuals in evacuation procedures, first aid techniques, or how to assist the injured.
• Create a system for coordinating relief efforts: It’s critical to have a system in place for coordinating relief efforts in the case of a disaster. This can entail creating a command centre or a communication strategy.

Disaster Management Agencies in India

Some agencies are involved in disaster management that we study below in detail

• National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA):-  The National Disaster Management Authority, or the NDMA, is an apex body for disaster management, governed by the Prime Minister of India. It is charge of the supervision, direction, and control of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
• National Executive Committee (NEC):- The NEC is composed of high-profile ministerial members from the government of India that consist of the Union Home Secretary as Chairperson, and the Secretaries to the Government of India (GoI)like Ministries/Departments of Agriculture, Atomic Energy, Defence, Drinking Water Supply, Environment and Forests, etc. The NEC covers the National Plan for Disaster Management as per the National Policy on Disaster Management.
• State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA):-  The Chief Minister of the respective state is the head of the SDMA.The State Government has a State Executive Committee (SEC) which assists the State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) on Disaster Management.
• District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA):-  The DDMA is headed by the District Collector, Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate depending on the situation, with the elected representatives of the local authority as the Co-Chairperson. The DDMA ensures that the guidelines framed by the NDMA and the SDMA are followed by all the departments of the State Government at the District level and the local authorities in the District.
• Local Authorities:-  Local authorities would include Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), Municipalities, District and Cantonment 11 Institutional and Legal Arrangements Boards, and Town Planning Authorities which control and manage civic services.

Sharing is caring!

Que. What are the 4 types of disaster management project?

Emergency managers think of disasters as recurring events with four phases: Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery. 

When was Disaster Management in India?

On 23 Dec 2005, the Government of India enacted the Disaster Management Act.

What are the 2 main types of disasters?

Types of Disasters - Natural and Human-Caused Disasters.

What is the main aim of disaster management project?

The ultimate goal of the disaster-management project leader is to minimize the event's impact, something that involves preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation.

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What’s Disaster Management Plan? Preparation and Implementation Process

In today’s increasingly unpredictable world, the significance of having a robust Disaster Management Plan (DMP) cannot be overstated. This blog delves into the essence of a DMP, outlining its critical role in safeguarding communities and organizations against the devastating impacts of natural and man-made disasters.

We’ll guide you through the meticulous process of preparing and implementing a DMP, from conducting thorough risk assessments to engaging in recovery efforts post-disaster. Our aim is to equip you with the knowledge and tools necessary to develop a comprehensive plan that not only mitigates risks but also enhances resilience, ensuring a swift and effective response in times of crisis.

What’s Disaster Management Plan?

A Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is a strategic document that outlines the procedures, strategies, and actions to manage and mitigate the impacts of disasters, whether natural or man-made. The primary goal of a DMP is to minimize the damage and disruption caused by disasters and to ensure a quick, effective, and coordinated response to emergency situations. The plan typically covers various phases of disaster management, including:

• Prevention : Measures taken to prevent the occurrence of a disaster or to reduce its impact.
• Preparedness : Activities and preparations made in advance to ensure an effective response to the impact of disasters, including emergency response plans, stockpiling supplies, and training responders.
• Response : Actions taken in the immediate aftermath of a disaster to save lives, protect property, and meet basic human needs.
• Recovery : Steps to return the community to normal or near-normal conditions, including the restoration of basic services and the repair of physical, social, and economic damages.

Effective disaster management plans are comprehensive and considerate of the specific vulnerabilities, capacities, and needs of the community or organization they are designed to protect. They involve the collaboration of various stakeholders, including government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community groups, and the private sector, to ensure a coordinated and efficient approach to disaster management.

Preparation and Implementation Process Of Disaster Management Plan

Preparing and implementing a Disaster Management Plan (DMP) involves a series of strategic steps to ensure that an organization or community is ready to respond effectively to disasters. Here’s a general guide on how to prepare and implement a DMP:

1. Risk Assessment

• Identify Hazards : Determine what types of natural or man-made disasters could potentially impact the area or organization. This could include floods, earthquakes, fires, terrorist attacks, pandemics, etc.
• Analyze Vulnerabilities : Assess the susceptibility of the community or organization to these hazards. Consider factors like location, population density, infrastructure, and resources.
• Estimate Risks : Evaluate the potential impact of identified hazards, taking into account the likelihood of occurrence and the severity of their consequences.

2. Planning

• Set Objectives : Define clear, achievable goals for the disaster management plan, such as minimizing loss of life, protecting property, and ensuring rapid recovery.
• Develop Strategies : Outline specific strategies for disaster prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. This should include roles and responsibilities, communication plans, and resource allocation.
• Create Plans : Develop detailed action plans for each phase of disaster management. This includes evacuation plans , emergency response procedures, and recovery plans.

3. Resources and Logistics

• Identify Resources : List all available resources, including personnel, equipment, facilities, and financial resources, that can be mobilized in the event of a disaster.
• Establish Partnerships : Collaborate with local authorities, NGOs, community organizations, and the private sector to ensure a coordinated response.
• Logistics Planning : Plan for the logistics of delivering supplies, equipment, and services before, during, and after a disaster.

4. Training and Exercises

• Training Programs : Develop and conduct training programs for emergency responders, staff, and volunteers on their roles and responsibilities within the DMP.
• Conduct Drills and Simulations : Regularly organize drills and simulation exercises to practice emergency response procedures and identify any weaknesses in the plan.

5. Implementation and Monitoring

• Implement the Plan : Put the disaster management plan into action, ensuring that all stakeholders are aware of their roles and responsibilities.
• Continuous Monitoring : Regularly monitor hazards and review the effectiveness of the disaster management plan, making adjustments as necessary.

6. Review and Update

• Evaluate Performance : After drills, simulations, or actual disaster events, evaluate the performance of the disaster response and identify areas for improvement.
• Revise the Plan : Regularly update the disaster management plan to reflect new risks, lessons learned, and changes in resources or capabilities.

7. Communication

• Internal Communication : Ensure effective communication channels within the organization or community for the dissemination of information and coordination of response efforts.
• Public Information : Develop a plan for communicating with the public before, during, and after a disaster, including emergency alerts, updates, and recovery information.

Implementing a Disaster Management Plan is an ongoing process that requires commitment, coordination, and cooperation among all stakeholders involved. It’s crucial to foster a culture of preparedness and resilience to enhance the effectiveness of disaster response and recovery efforts.

In conclusion, the development and execution of a Disaster Management Plan is a critical endeavor that demands meticulous planning, steadfast commitment, and continuous improvement. By understanding the risks, preparing comprehensively, and implementing effectively, communities and organizations can significantly mitigate the impacts of disasters. This process not only safeguards lives and assets but also enhances resilience, ensuring a quicker recovery and a return to normalcy.

Remember, the strength of a Disaster Management Plan lies in its ability to adapt and evolve, incorporating lessons learned from past incidents to better prepare for future challenges. Through collaboration, education, and proactive measures, we can build a safer and more prepared society.

The Disaster Management Cycle: 5 Key Stages & How Leaders Can Help Prepare

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One of the most sobering lessons of the COVID-19 pandemic is that disasters can befall any community, at any time. While infectious disease represents one form of disaster, it could just as readily be a hurricane, flood or chemical spill. According to the United Nations, a disaster is any event that seriously disrupts a community or society’s ability to function; a disaster’s impact may be human, economic or ecological.

Emergency management, also referred to as disaster management, means preparing for potential calamities and responding to them as quickly, strategically and effectively as possible. Typically, this involves following the basic disaster management cycle, which comprises five crucial stages.

Effective and ethical leadership during a disaster requires a number of essential skills. One of the best ways to hone them is through enrollment in an online leadership and management program , whether that means pursuing a full degree or a certificate program.

What is Disaster Management?

One of the biggest challenges of disaster, or emergency, management is the need to be prepared for a wide range of contingencies. A good place to begin a discussion of disaster management is by considering what constitutes a disaster.

Defining Disaster

According to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies: “More people are becoming vulnerable to disasters or are forced to cope with acts of violence, financial crises and growing uncertainty, often without adequate support from their governments.” Disasters can be either natural or human-made events and can include pandemics, technological disasters or environmental cataclysms.

Disaster types include the following:

• Earthquakes
• Volcano eruptions
• Mass shootings
• Acts of terror
• Nuclear explosions
• Chemical emergencies

There were 10 weather and climate-related disasters each exceeding $1 billion in losses in the U.S. within the first half of 2020, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The number of disasters resulting in billion-dollar loses has been steadily rising, from 29 disasters in the 1980s to 119 disasters in the 2010s. In addition to this increase, cascading disasters, such as a hurricane during the COVID-19 pandemic, reinforce the need for effective and ethical leadership across all sectors and levels of government.

Managing Disasters

Specifically, disaster management is about organizing and directing resources to cope with a disaster and coordinating the roles and responsibilities of responders, private sector organizations, public sector agencies, nonprofit and faith-based organizations, volunteers, donations, etc. The ultimate goal of the disaster-management leader is to minimize the event’s impact, something that involves preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation.

The 5 Stages of the Disaster-Management Cycle

When properly implemented, the disaster-management cycle can lessen the impact of a catastrophic event. It can also incorporate the policies and emergency responses needed for a full, expedited recovery. The cycle involves the following five stages:

1. Prevention

The best way to address a disaster is by being proactive. This means identifying potential hazards and devising safeguards to mitigate their impact. Although this stage in the cycle involves putting permanent measures into place that can help minimize disaster risk, it’s important to acknowledge that disasters can’t always be prevented.

Prevention involves scenarios such as the following:

• Implementing an evacuation plan in a school, for example, showing teachers how to lead students to safety in the event of a tornado or fire
• Planning and designing a city in a way that minimizes the risk of flooding, for example, with the use of locks, dams or channels to divert water away from populous areas

2. Mitigation

Mitigation aims to minimize the loss of human life that would result from a disaster. Both structural and nonstructural measures may be taken.

• A structural measure means changing the physical characteristics of a building or an environment to curb the effects of a disaster. For example, clearing trees away from a house can ensure that dangerous storms don’t knock down the trees and send them crashing into homes and public buildings.
• Nonstructural measures involve adopting or amending building codes to optimize safety for all future building construction.

3. Preparedness

Preparedness is an ongoing process in which individuals, communities, businesses and organizations can plan and train for what they’ll do in the event of a disaster. Preparedness is defined by ongoing training, evaluating and corrective action, ensuring the highest level of readiness.

Fire drills, active-shooter drills and evacuation rehearsals are all good examples of the preparedness stage.

4. Response

Response is what happens after the disaster occurs. It involves both short- and long-term responses.

Ideally, the disaster-management leader will coordinate the use of resources (including personnel, supplies and equipment) to help restore personal and environmental safety, as well as to minimize the risk of any additional property damage.

During the response stage, any ongoing hazards are removed from the area; for example, in the aftermath of a wildfire, any lingering fires will be put out, and areas that pose a high flammability risk will be stabilized.

5. Recovery

The fifth stage in the disaster-management cycle is recovery. This can take a long time, sometimes years or decades. For example, some areas in New Orleans have yet to fully recover from Hurricane Katrina in 2005. It involves stabilizing the area and restoring all essential community functions. Recovery requires prioritization: first, essential services like food, clean water, utilities, transportation and healthcare will be restored, with less-essential services being prioritized later.

Ultimately, this stage is about helping individuals, communities, businesses and organizations return to normal or a new normal depending on the impact of the disaster.

Developing Skills for Disaster Management

To effectively coordinate this cycle, disaster-management leaders must develop a number of critical skills. The skills necessary for each stage of the cycle are as follows:

During the prevention stage, strong analytical skills help leaders identify potential threats, hazards and high-risk areas. Problem-solving abilities are also invaluable in identifying the best ways to avoid or diminish the likelihood of catastrophic events.

Planning is an important skill during the mitigation stage; the disaster-management leader will need to develop strategies and structural changes that can help mediate potential threats. Spreading awareness is also critical, as community members must be made aware of the steps they can take to prepare for all contingencies.

“Of the five stages, mitigation is the most crucial because, if done correctly, it can reduce the impact of the next emergency or crisis,” explains Claire Connolly Knox , associate professor and emergency and crisis management academic program coordinator at the University of Central Florida. “As per the National Institute of Building Science, for every $1 spent on mitigation, there is a $6 savings post-disaster. Mitigation can include changes to building codes as seen following Hurricane Andrew in 1992 or reinforcing infrastructure as seen in coastal communities in response to sea-level rise and climate change.”

Preparedness

During the preparedness stage, it’s important to be skilled in training people to respond to disasters. It’s important to stay organized, which is the best way to ensure readiness. Oral and written communication skills prepare laypeople and emergency-response personnel for action in worst-case scenarios.

The ability to quickly make decisions is crucial here, as the response stage is time-sensitive. Another valuable skill is delegating essential tasks to other volunteers or emergency responders.

As disaster-management leaders help their communities recover, the most essential skills are empathy, understanding and relationship building; indeed, without earning the trust of the community, any recovery efforts are likely to come up short.

Becoming a Leader in Disaster Management

Some leaders have more experience than others with handling disasters; ultimately, though, this is a field in which every business or community leader should hone their skills. Any organization or municipality can be hit with a disaster sooner or later, whether that’s something as minor as a temporary power outage or as threatening as a hurricane, earthquake, bomb threat or active shooter.

The COVID-19 pandemic has really brought this home, as many business owners have confronted the crisis at hand. To ensure the safety of customers as well as employees, business leaders have shifted to remote work environments, implemented new communication infrastructures, and embraced new standards of office hygiene and sanitization. While no business leader could have precisely predicted the effects of the coronavirus, those companies that had some disaster plan in place are likely a step or two ahead of others.

Those looking for a career solely focused on mastering the disaster-management cycle have many opportunities to do so; some examples of jobs in this field include crisis-management lead, disaster-assistance specialist and emergency-planning coordinator. These roles all call for various levels of responsibility in preparing a company or a city for cataclysmic events. To find work in any of these positions, as well as to sharpen all the skills needed for success, earning a master’s degree in emergency and crisis management can be a big step forward.

Learning More About Disaster Management

Through the University of Central Florida, students can engage in dynamic courses that help them feel fully prepared to prevent, mitigate and respond to major disasters, successfully limiting damage to property, the environment and people.

“Students in the undergraduate and graduate emergency management programs at UCF participate in real-world opportunities, which allows them to gain key skills and competencies needed for this complex and dynamic profession,” says Knox. “One example is a functional exercise in an emergency operations center in which students apply multiple concepts to managing a fictional disaster using the same equipment and software programs as emergency management staff.”

Ultimately, disaster management is all about preparedness, and formal training is the best way to achieve it. The UCF Online Master’s in Emergency and Crisis Management (MECM) program is designed to cultivate the robust leadership skills needed to lead a community or an organization through crisis and to help them rebuild in its aftermath.

For people who are passionate about a field that helps businesses and communities mitigate calamity, UCF’s online leadership and management degree and certificate programs can provide the first step toward a meaningful career. Reach out for more information about the programs.

Online Leadership and Management Degrees at UCF

• Career and Technical Education, BS
• Career and Workforce Education, MA
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• Destination Marketing and Management
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• Emergency and Crisis Management, MECM
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• Event Management
• Health Informatics and Information Management, BS
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• Hospitality Management, BS
• Industrial Engineering, MSIE
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• Local Director of Career & Technical Education
• Lodging and Restaurant Management, BS
• Master of Public Administration, MPA
• Nonprofit Management
• Nonprofit Management, MNM
• Police Leadership
• Project Engineering
• Public Administration

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Disaster Management in India

Disruption on a massive scale, either natural or man-made, occurring in short or long periods is termed a Disaster. Disaster management in India has been an important point of discussion owing to frequent natural disasters ranging from earthquakes, floods, drought, etc. This makes the issue of disaster management worthwhile to consider as part of the preparation for the IAS Exam .

Explore the Ultimate Guide to IAS Exam Preparation Download The E-Book Now!

In this post, you will read all about disaster and disaster management in the Indian context. IAS aspirants can also download the Disaster Management notes PDF.

Loss of life and property due to these disasters has been steadily mounting throughout the world due to inadequate technology to combat disasters, rise in population, climate change, and continuing ecological degradation. The global efforts to manage disasters have proven to be insufficient to match the frequency and magnitude of natural disasters.

Table of Contents:

What is a Disaster?

A disaster is defined as a disruption on a massive scale, either natural or man-made, occurring in short or long periods. Disasters can lead to human, material, economic or environmental hardships, which can be beyond the bearable capacity of the affected society. As per statistics, India as a whole is vulnerable to 30 different types of disasters that will affect the economic, social, and human development potential to such an extent that it will have long-term effects on productivity and macro-economic performance.

Disasters can be classified into the following categories:

• Water and Climate Disaster: Flood, hail storms, cloudburst, cyclones, heat waves, cold waves, droughts, hurricanes. (Read about Cyclone Disaster Management separately at the linked article.)
• Geological Disaster: Landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes
• Biological Disaster: Viral epidemics, pest attacks, cattle epidemic, and locust plagues
• Industrial Disaster: Chemical and industrial accidents, mine shaft fires, oil spills,
• Nuclear Disasters: Nuclear core meltdowns, radiation poisoning
• Man-made disasters: Urban and forest fires, oil spill, the collapse of huge building structures

What is Disaster Management?

In this section, we define what is disaster management as per the Disaster Management Act of 2005.

The Disaster Management Act of 2005 defines Disaster Management as an integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary for-

• Prevention of threat of any disaster
• Reduction of risk of any disaster or its consequences
• Readiness to deal with any disaster
• Promptness in dealing with a disaster
• Assessing the severity of the effects of any disaster
• Rescue and relief
• Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

Agencies involved in Disaster Management

• National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA):- The National Disaster Management Authority , or the NDMA, is an apex body for disaster management, headed by the Prime Minister of India. It is responsible for the supervision, direction, and control of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
• National Executive Committee (NEC):- The NEC is composed of high profile ministerial members from the government of India that include the Union Home Secretary as Chairperson, and the Secretaries to the Government of India (GoI)like Ministries/Departments of Agriculture, Atomic Energy, Defence, Drinking Water Supply, Environment and Forests, etc. The NEC prepares the National Plan for Disaster Management as per the National Policy on Disaster Management.
• State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA):- The Chief Minister of the respective state is the head of the SDMA.The State Government has a State Executive Committee (SEC) which assists the State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) on Disaster Management.
• District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA):- The DDMA is headed by the District Collector, Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate depending on the situation, with the elected representatives of the local authority as the Co-Chairperson. The DDMA ensures that the guidelines framed by the NDMA and the SDMA are followed by all the departments of the State Government at the District level and the local authorities in the District.
• Local Authorities:- Local authorities would include Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), Municipalities, District and Cantonment 11 Institutional and Legal Arrangements Boards, and Town Planning Authorities which control and manage civic services.

Now let’s have a look at some of the types of disasters and the means to combat them.

Biological Disasters

Definition: The devastating effects caused by an enormous spread of a certain kind of living organism that may spread disease, viruses, or an infestation of plant, animal, or insect life on an epidemic or pandemic level.

• Epidemic Level – Indicates a disaster that affects many people in a given area or community.
• Pandemic Level – Indicates a disaster that affects a much larger region, sometimes an entire continent or even the whole planet. For example, the recent H1N1 or Swine Flu pandemic.

To know more about Bio-Terrorism threat to India and India’s Preparedness visit the linked article.

Biological Disasters – Important points to remember for UPSC

1. The nodal Ministry for handling epidemics – Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

• Decision-making
• Advisory body
• Emergency medical relief providing

2. The primary responsibility of dealing with biological disasters is with the State Governments. (Reason – Health is a State Subject).

3. The nodal agency for investigating outbreaks – National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD)

4. Nodal ministry for Biological Warfare – Ministry of Home Affairs ( Biological warfare is the use of biological agents as an act of war)

Biological Disasters – Classifications

Charles Baldwin developed the symbol for biohazard in 1966.

The US Centres for Disease Control classifies biohazards into four biosafety levels as follows:

• BSL-1: Bacteria and Viruses including Bacillus subtilis, some cell cultures, canine hepatitis, and non-infectious bacteria. Protection is only facial protection and gloves.
• BSL-2: Bacteria and viruses that cause only mild disease to humans, or are difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting such as hepatitis A, B, C, mumps, measles, HIV, etc. Protection – use of autoclaves for sterilizing and biological safety cabinets.
• BSL-3: Bacteria and viruses causing severe to fatal disease in humans. Example: West Nile virus, anthrax, MERS coronavirus. Protection – Stringent safety protocols such as the use of respirators to prevent airborne infection.
• BSL-4: Potentially fatal (to human beings) viruses like Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Lassa fever virus, etc. Protection – use of a positive pressure personnel suit, with a segregated air supply.

Legislations for prevention of Biohazards in India

The following legislations have been enacted in India for the prevention of biohazards and implementation of protective, eradicative and containing measures when there is an outbreak:

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
• The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 and the Rules (1986)
• Disaster Management Act 2005, provides for the institutional and operational framework for disaster prevention, mitigation, response, preparedness, and recovery at all levels.
• Air Prevention and Control of Pollution Act 1981
• Disaster Management Act of 2005

Prevention of Biological Hazards

The basic measure to prevent and control biohazards is the elimination of the source of contamination. Some of the prevention methods are as follows:

Preventive Measures for workers in the field (Medical)

• Engineering controls – to help prevent the spread of such disasters including proper ventilation, installing negative pressure, and usage of UV lamps.
• Personal hygiene – washing hands with liquid soap, proper care for clothes that have been exposed to a probably contaminated environment.
• Personal protection equipment – masks, protective clothing, gloves, face shield, eye shield, shoe covers.
• Sterilization – Using ultra heat or high pressure to eliminate bacteria or using biocide to kill microbes.
• Respiratory protection – surgical masks, respirators, powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR), air-supplying respirators.

Prevention of Biological Hazards (Environmental Management)

Safe water supply, proper maintenance of sewage pipelines – to prevent waterborne diseases such as cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, dysentery, etc.

Awareness of personal hygiene and provision for washing, cleaning, bathing, avoiding overcrowding, etc.

Vector control:

Environmental engineering work and generic integrated vector control measures.

Water management, not permitting water to stagnate and collect and other methods to eliminate breeding places for vectors.

Regular spraying of insecticides, outdoor fogging, etc. for controlling vectors.

Controlling the population of rodents.

Post-disaster Epidemics Prevention

The risk of epidemics is increased after any biological disaster.

Integrated Disease Surveillance Systems (IDSS) monitors the sources, modes of diseases spreading, and investigates the epidemics.

Detection and Containment of Outbreaks

This consists of four steps as given under:

• Recognizing and diagnosing by primary healthcare practitioners.
• Communicating surveillance information to public health authorities.
• Epidemiological analysis of surveillance data
• Public health measures and delivering proper medical treatment.

Legal Framework for Biological Disasters

• The Epidemic Diseases Act was enacted in the year 1897. (Read about RSTV’s In-Depth Analysis on Epidemic Diseases Act 1897 in the linked article.)
• This Act does not provide any power to the centre to intervene in biological emergencies.
• It has to be substituted by an Act that takes care of the prevailing and foreseeable public health needs including emergencies such as BT attacks and the use of biological weapons by an adversary, cross-border issues, and international spread of diseases.
• It should give enough powers to the central and state governments and local authorities to act with impunity, notify affected areas, restrict movement or quarantine the affected area, enter any premises to take samples of suspected materials, and seal them.
• The Act should also establish controls over biological sample transfer, biosecurity and biosafety of materials/laboratories.

Institutional Framework

In the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoH&FW), public health needs to be accorded high priority with a separate Additional Directorate General of Health and Sanitation (DGHS) for public health. In some states, there is a separate department of public health. States that do not have such arrangements will also have to take initiatives to establish such a department.

Operational Framework

At the national level, there is no policy on biological disasters. The existing contingency plan of MoH&FW is about 10 years old and needs extensive revision. All components related to public health, namely apex institutions, field epidemiology, surveillance, teaching, training, research, etc., need to be strengthened.

At the operational level, Command and Control (C&C) are identifiable clearly at the district level, where the district collector is vested with certain powers to requisition resources, notify a disease, inspect any premises, seek help from the Army, state or centre, enforce quarantine, etc. However, there is no concept of an incident command system wherein the entire action is brought under the ambit of an incident commander with support from the disciplines of logistics, finance, and technical teams, etc. There is an urgent need for establishing an incident command system in every district.

There is a shortage of medical and paramedical staff at the district and sub-district levels. There is also an acute shortage of public health specialists, epidemiologists, clinical microbiologists, and virologists.

Biosafety laboratories are required for the prompt diagnosis of the agents for the effective management of biological disasters. There is no BSL-4 laboratory in the human health sector. BSL- 3 laboratories are also limited. Major issues remain regarding biosecurity, the indigenous capability of preparing diagnostic reagents, and quality assurance.

Lack of an Integrated Ambulance Network (IAN). There is no ambulance system with advanced life-support facilities that are capable of working in biological disasters.

State-run hospitals have limited medical supplies. Even in normal situations, a patient has to buy medicines. There is a lack of stockpile of drugs, important vaccines like anthrax vaccine, PPE, or diagnostics for surge capacity. In a crisis, there is further incapacitation due to tedious procurement procedures.

National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) :- The command and supervision of the NDRF would be under the Director-General of Civil Defence and National Disaster Response Force selected by the Central Government. Currently, the NDRF comprises of eight battalions who will be positioned at different locations as per the requirements.

Read about Crowd Disaster Management in the linked article.

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

Proper planning and mitigation measures can play a leading role in risk-prone areas to minimize the worst effects of hazards such as earthquakes, floods, and cyclones. These are the key areas which should be addressed to achieve this objective:

• Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Mapping: Mapping and vulnerability analysis in a multi-risk structure will be conducted utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) based databases like the National Database for Emergency Management (NDEM) and National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI).
• Increasing Trend of Disasters in Urban Areas:- Steps to prevent unplanned urbanization must be undertaken, with the plan of action formulated being given the highest priority. State Governments/UTs concerned on the other hand focus on urban drainage systems with special attention on non-obstruction of natural drainage systems.
• Critical Infrastructure:- Critical infrastructure like roads, dams, bridges, irrigation canals, bridges, power stations, railway lines, delta water distribution networks, ports and rivers, and coastal embankments should be continuously checked for safety standards concerning worldwide safety benchmarks and fortified if the current measures prove to be inadequate.
• Environmentally Sustainable Development: – Environmental considerations and developmental efforts, should be handled simultaneously for ensuring sustainability.
• Climate Change Adaptation:-. The challenges of the increase in the frequency and intensity of natural disasters like cyclones, floods, and droughts should be tackled in a sustained and effective manner with the promotion of strategies for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction.

The topics of internal security and disaster management are diverse and also important for both the prelims and the mains exams. These topics are also highly linked with current affairs. Almost every question asked from them is related to current events. So, apart from standard textbooks, you should rely on newspapers and news analyses as well for these sections. To read on how to prepare for internal security and disaster management , check the linked article.

Multiple Choice Question

• The National Disaster Management Authority, or the NDMA, is an apex body for disaster management, headed by the Prime Minister of India. It is responsible for the supervision, direction, and control of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
• The DDMA is headed by the District Collector, Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate depending on the situation, with the elected representatives of the local authority as the Co-Chairperson.
• The Governor of the respective state is the head of the State Disaster Management Authority
• The Epidemic Diseases Act was enacted in the year 1897.

Choose the correct answer from the below-given options

A) All of the above statements are false.

B) All of the above statements are true.

C) Only statements 2, 3, and 4 are true

D) Only statements 1, 2, and 4 are true

Candidates can find the general pattern of the Civil Service Exam by visiting the UPSC Syllabus page.

Frequently Asked Questions on Disaster Management in India

Q 1. what is the aim of disaster management in india, q 2. what is disaster risk management, q 3. in how many categories can disasters be classified.

Ans. Disaster can be classified into the following categories:

• Water and Climate Disaster
• Geological Disaster
• Biological Disaster
• Industrial Disaster
• Nuclear Disasters
• Man-made disasters

Q 4. Which body is responsible for Disaster Management in India?

Q 5. what is the disaster management act 2005.

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Disaster Management Essay

Essay on Disaster Management

Disaster Management is the arrangement and management of the resources following a disaster, be it natural or man-made. There are so many organizations who are dealing with various types of disastrous situations from the humanitarian aspect. Some disasters are just the consequences of human hazards and some are caused by natural calamity. However, we can prevent them by taking the necessary emergency measures to save and preserve lives. As natural disasters cannot be predicted, they can take place anywhere at any time. 

Vedantu has provided an essay on Disaster management on this page. Students who have received an assignment to write an essay on Disaster Management or preparing an essay for examination can refer to this page to understand the pattern. Any student or parent can directly visit Vedantu site or download the app on the phone to get access to the study materials.  

Disaster Management’ is the simple term of management which embraces loads of disaster-related activities. Disaster occurs frequently in some parts of the world. Japan is the best example of it. Japanese people are annoyed on Tsunamis and earthquakes. The local scene is not much different from the global one. No one could forget the cyclone in Orissa, Earthquake in Gujarat or even the Mumbai Terrorist Attack.

Natural and man-made are the two categories of the disaster. Natural disasters are those which occurred due to sudden changes in the environment or topography causing uncountable human as well as economic loss. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods and cloudbursts are few of the natural disasters. Manual intentional made disasters are man-made disasters. For example, Gas leakage, terrorist attacks, fire, oil spills. Man-made disasters are the result of human intentions or might be because of workmanship or technical errors. The count of man-made and natural disasters is rising rapidly.

Here are a few things which will help us to deal with earthquakes. The significant information about Natural calamities is predicted easier and is being shared within the public by the central bureau. Furthermore, earthquake-resistant structures are constructed considering, ‘Precaution is Better Than Cure’. Reflexes are made so strong that cover of solid platforms such as a table and chair should be taken as soon as the danger is sensible while the cover of trees, electric poles or buildings is avoided as far as possible. Keep in touch with local news during heavy rainy days. Any flood is preceded with significant time. Making proper use of divine buffer time for safety is advisable. Strategically planning of water reservoirs, land uses, tree plantation, rainwater harvesting techniques help us increase immunity power to fight against the drought. 

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), American Red Cross, Federal Emergency Management Agency, International Association of Emergency Managers etc. are the best disaster management authorities. NDMA is a core body which obeys the law of Disaster Management. The reputed disaster managers are stuck in finding plans for rescuing from the loss of disaster. Moreover, to counteract the effect of disaster Rajya Sabha passed the ‘Disaster Management Act’ on 23 December 2005 which includes 11 chapters and 79 sections in it. Honourable Prime Minister of India Mr Narendra Modi holds the position of chairman of it. 

Youngsters should motivate themselves to learn and practice plenty of disaster management techniques and arrange the camps regarding it. Today, everyone is fighting against one of the breathtaking disasters named COVID-19 which is as big as fighting in world war. Avoiding the crowd, wearing the mask are the basic precautions suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) during this period of fighting. This disease spreads mostly amongst the people who come in close contact with the infected one. So, it's suggested to keep a safe distance of around 3 meters within the others. This is being termed as ‘Social Distancing’. Nature is not cruel nor is it human. Just small management skills help us withstand before, in and after disasters. Uncountable suggestions and instructions in disaster management but few which apply every time must be followed.

Stages of Disaster Management

With proper implementation and structured action, we can prevent or lessen the impact of natural or man-made disasters. There are certain stages involving the cycle for disaster management plan which incorporates policies and emergency responses required for a prospectively complete recovery. The stages are –

The most preferred way to deal with disasters is to be proactive in their prevention rather than rushing later for their cure. This implies recognition of potential hazards and working towards infrastructure to mitigate their impact. This stage in the management cycle involves setting up permanent measures to minimize disaster risk.

Setting up an evacuation plan in a school, training the teachers to lead the students towards safe structures in the event of earthquake, tornado or fire, planning a strong base for high raised sky-scrapers to prepare for earthquakes and designing a city in such a manner that reduces the risk of flooding are some examples of measures takes for disaster prevention.

Mitigation is the first and the foremost attempt to save human lives during the time of disaster or their recovery from the aftermath. The measures which are taken can be both structural and non-structural.

Structural mitigation measures could include transforming the physical characteristics of a building or the surroundings to curb the effect, for example, clearing out of the trees around your house, ensuring that storms don’t knock down the trees and send them crashing into the house. Non-structural measures could include amending the building or locality codes to enhance safety and prevent disasters.

Preparedness

Preparedness is a process that involves a social community where the trained, or the head of the community, businesses and institutions demonstrate the plan of action which is supposed to be executed during the event of a disaster. It is an ongoing continuous process with anticipation of a calamity, which involves training, evaluating and taking corrective action with the highest level of alertness. Some examples of such prevention measures are fire drills, shooter drills and evacuation rehearsals.

The response is the action taken after the disaster has occurred to retrieve some life from it. It includes short-term and long-term responses. In ideal situations, the disaster-management leader will coordinate the use of resources in the restoration process and minimize the risk of further property damage.

During this stage, the area of the calamity is cleared if it poses any further threat to human as well as environmental life. For example, evacuation of the city of Chernobyl, Ukraine, is a responsive action against a disaster.

The fifth and last stage in the process of the disaster management plan is the recovery stage. This can sometimes take years or decades to happen. The larger mass of a city is also sometimes part of the recovery from a disaster. The greatest and the most infamous example of this is the Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear attacks on Japan, it took the people of those cities years and decades to recover from that man-made calamity.

It took years of effort to stabilize the area and restore essential community or individual functions. The recovery stage prioritizes the basic essential needs of human survival like food, drinkable water, utilities, transportation and healthcare over less-essential services. Eventually, this stage is all about coordinating with individuals, communities and businesses to help each other to restore a normal or a new normal, as in the case of Covid-19.

How to Act as a Responsible Person During a Time of Disaster?

Some people have more experience than others with managing natural or man-made disasters and their prevention of them. Although this is that subject of life which should be studied and implemented by every business or community. As it is said rightly, “prevention is better than cure”, and any organization or an individual or a community can be hit by a disaster sooner or later, whether it's something as minor as a prolonged power cut or a life-threatening hurricane or an earthquake. Usually, the pandemics train us, as a social and political community, to deal with natural calamities and compel the organizations responsible for it, to build an infrastructure for its prevention.

To act responsibly and pro-actively during the event of a disaster, we have got to be prepared and equipped as a nation, individually and as a social community. To be well-educated and read with the aspects of disaster management is to be responsible for the handling of it.

FAQs on Disaster Management Essay

1. What is Disaster Management?

In simpler words, disaster management can be defined as the arrangement of resources and precautions to deal with all humanitarian aspects during an emergency. Disasters are the consequences of natural or human hazards. Earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes are some of the deadliest natural disasters to name a few. Examples of man-made disasters are bomb blast, radiations, transport accidents, terrorist attacks etc.

2. What is the Main Aim of Disaster Management?

The main aim of disaster management is prevention, rescue and recovery from the trauma, and development.

3. How to Write an Essay on Disaster Management?

Disaster management refers to the response to an emergency situation to make it as normal as possible. While writing an essay on Disaster Management, you can start with an introduction, then go on with the definition, the types of disaster management, a little in-depth explanation along with examples, and finish it off with a conclusion. 

4. Can I Get a Sample Essay on Disaster Management from Vedantu?

Yes, the essay mentioned on this page is about Disaster Management. This essay has been written by the experts of Vedantu keeping the understanding ability of the students of each class. 

5. What are the career opportunities in the field of Disaster management?

People looking for career opportunities in the field of disaster management have many pathways to approach it. Some examples of the jobs relating to this line of work are crisis-management leader, disaster-assistance specialist and emergency-planning coordinator. These are the roles which call for varying levels of responsibility in preparing a city or a company for catastrophic events. The job roles can be approached with earning a master’s degree in emergency and crisis management.

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National Preparedness Goal

The National Preparedness Goal defines what it means for the whole community to be prepared for all types of disasters and emergencies. The goal itself is succinct:

“A secure and resilient nation with the capabilities required across the whole community to prevent, protect against, mitigate, respond to, and recover from the threats and hazards that pose the greatest risk.”

These risks include events such as natural disasters, disease pandemics, chemical spills and other man-made hazards, terrorist attacks and cyber attacks.

Download the National Preparedness Goal

Capabilities to Reach the Goal

The National Preparedness Goal describes five mission areas — prevention, protection, mitigation, response and recovery — and 32 activities, called core capabilities , that address the greatest risks to the nation.

Each of these core capabilities is tied to a capability target. These targets recognize that everyone needs the flexibility to determine how they apply their resources, based on the threats that are most relevant to them and their communities.

A Midwestern city, for example, may determine it is at high risk for a catastrophic tornado. As a result, the city could set a target to have a certain number of shelters in place. The same applies across all potential risks, understanding that each risk is different; therefore, each target is different.

See All Mission Areas and Core Capabilities

• Global Assessment Report (GAR)
• PreventionWeb
• Sendai Framework Monitor
• Voluntary Commitments
• UNDRR Africa
• Sendai Framework Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction

Disaster risk assessment

A qualitative or quantitative approach to determine the nature and extent of disaster risk by analysing potential hazards and evaluating existing conditions of exposure and vulnerability that together could harm people, property, services, livelihoods and the environment on which they depend.

Annotation: Disaster risk assessments include: the identification of hazards; a review of the technical characteristics of hazards such as their location, intensity, frequency and probability; the analysis of exposure and vulnerability, including the physical, social, health, environmental and economic dimensions; and the evaluation of the effectiveness of prevailing and alternative coping capacities with respect to likely risk scenarios.

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News & Events

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• Past Events
• RMA Latest Announcements

USDA Offers Disaster Assistance to Agricultural Producers in Kansas Impacted by Drought

  Back to News Releases

MANHATTAN/SALINA, Kan., Aug. 28, 2024 – Agricultural operations in Kansas have been significantly impacted by recent drought. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has technical and financial assistance available to help farmers and livestock producers recover from these adverse weather events. Impacted producers should contact their local USDA Service Center to report losses and learn more about program options available to assist in their recovery from crop, land, infrastructure, and livestock losses and damages.  

USDA Disaster Assistance    

Livestock producers who suffered grazing losses for covered livestock due to drought on privately owned or cash leased land may be eligible for the 2024  Livestock Forage Disaster Program (LFP) . To participate in LFP producers must own, cash or share lease, or contract grow eligible livestock, provide pasture or grazing land to eligible livestock on the beginning date of the qualifying drought, certify that they suffered a grazing loss due to drought, and submit an acreage report to the Farm Service Agency (FSA) for all grazing land for which a grazing loss is being claimed. FSA maintains a list of  counties eligible for LFP and makes updates each Thursday. 

Meanwhile, the  Emergency Assistance for Livestock, Honeybees, and Farm-Raised Fish Program (ELAP) provides eligible producers with compensation for above normal costs of hauling water and feed to livestock as well as transporting livestock to forage or other grazing acres. For ELAP, producers are required to complete a notice of loss and a payment application to their local FSA office no later than the annual program application deadline, Jan. 30, 2025, for 2024 calendar year losses.    

Additionally, eligible orchardists and nursery tree growers may be eligible for cost-share assistance through the  Tree Assistance Program  (TAP) to replant or rehabilitate eligible trees, bushes or vines. TAP complements the  Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program  (NAP) or crop insurance coverage, which covers the crop but not the plants or trees in all cases. For TAP, a program application must be filed within 90 days of the disaster event or the date when the loss of the trees, bushes or vines is apparent.  

“Once you are able to evaluate the impact on your operation, be sure to contact your  local FSA county office to timely report all crop, livestock and farm infrastructure damages and losses,” said Dennis McKinney, State Executive Director for FSA in Kansas. “To expedite FSA disaster assistance, you will likely need to provide documents, such as farm records, herd inventory, receipts and pictures of damages or losses.”  

FSA also offers a variety of direct and guaranteed  farm loans , including operating and emergency farm loans, to producers unable to secure commercial financing. Producers in counties with a primary or contiguous disaster designation may be eligible for low interest  emergency loans  to help them recover from production and physical losses. Loans can help producers replace essential property, purchase inputs like livestock, equipment, feed and seed, cover family living expenses or refinance farm-related debts and other needs.

Additionally, FSA offers several loan servicing options available for borrowers who are unable to make scheduled payments on their farm loan programs debt to the agency because of reasons beyond their control.    

Risk Management   

Producers who have risk protection through  Federal Crop Insurance  or FSA’s  NAP  should report crop damage to their crop insurance agent or FSA office. If they have crop insurance, producers should provide a notice of loss to their agent within 72 hours of initial discovery of damage and follow up in writing within 15 days. 

For NAP covered crops, a Notice of Loss (CCC-576) must be filed within 15 days of the loss becoming apparent, except for hand-harvested crops, which should be reported within 72 hours.   

“Crop insurance and other USDA risk management options are offered to help producers manage risk because we never know what nature has in store for the future,” said Collin Olsen, Director of USDA’s Risk Management Agency (RMA) Regional Office that covers Kansas. “The Approved Insurance Providers, loss adjusters and agents are experienced and well-trained in handling these types of events.”  

Conservation   

FSA’s  Emergency Conservation Program  (ECP) and  Emergency Forest Restoration Program  (EFRP) can assist landowners and forest stewards with financial and technical assistance to implement emergency water conservation measures, restore fencing, remove debris, replace damaged irrigation system, land leveling and more.

Outside of the  primary nesting season , emergency and non-emergency haying and grazing of  Conservation Reserve Program  (CRP) acres may be authorized to provide relief to livestock producers in areas affected by a severe drought or similar natural disasters. Producers interested in haying or grazing of CRP acres should contact their county FSA office to determine eligibility.

USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) can help farmers make their operation more resilient in the face of drought in future years. Through conservation planning and practices that will improve soil health and water conservation, farmers can reduce future crop loss due to drought and enhance resiliency to changing climatic conditions. Financial help for implementing conservation practices may be available through the  Environmental Quality Incentives Program .

Long-term damage from drought can include forage production loss in pastures and fields and increased wind erosion on crop fields not protected with soil health practices. Producers can visit their local USDA Service Center to learn more about these impacts, potential recovery tactics and how to take steps to make their land more resilient to drought in the future.

“The Natural Resources Conservation Service can be a very valuable partner to help landowners with their recovery and resiliency efforts,” said David Doctorian, NRCS State Conservationist in Kansas. “Our staff will work one-on-one with landowners to make assessments of the damages and develop approaches that focus on effective recovery of the land.”    

More Information  

Additional USDA disaster assistance information can be found on  farmers.gov , including USDA resources specifically for producers impacted by drought. Those resources include the  Disaster Assistance Discovery Tool ,  Disaster-at-a-Glance fact sheet,   Loan Assistance Tool,  and  Natural Disasters and Crop Insurance fact sheet . Additionally, FarmRaise offers an  FSA educational hub with an ELAP decision tool as well as farm loan resource videos. For FSA and NRCS programs, producers should contact their local  USDA Service Center . For assistance with a crop insurance claim, producers and landowners should contact their crop insurance agent .     

USDA touches the lives of all Americans each day in so many positive ways. Under the Biden-Harris administration, USDA is transforming America’s food system with a greater focus on more resilient local and regional food production, fairer markets for all producers, ensuring access to safe, healthy and nutritious food in all communities, building new markets and streams of income for farmers and producers using climate smart food and forestry practices, making historic investments in infrastructure and clean energy capabilities in rural America, and committing to equity across the Department by removing systemic barriers and building a workforce more representative of America. To learn more, visit  usda.gov .

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                                            USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer and lender.

Risk Management Agency:

220 NW Lyman Rd #8729 Topeka, KS 66608 Collin Olsen, Director

FPAC Press Desk [email protected]