my home essay with modal verbs

Have a language expert improve your writing

Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free.

• Knowledge Base
• What Is a Modal Verb? | Definition & Examples

What Is a Modal Verb? | Definition & Examples

Published on February 14, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan . Revised on December 6, 2023.

A modal verb (also called a modal auxiliary verb ) is used along with a main verb to express possibility, ability, permission, or necessity. For example, in the statement “you must leave,” “must” is a modal verb indicating that it’s necessary for the subject (“you”) to perform the action of the verb (“leave”).

The modal verb “will” is used to form the future tense, indicating an action that has not yet occurred (e.g., “I will clean the garage”).

Can you drive me to the airport?

Table of contents

How are modal verbs used in sentences, modal verbs list, modal verbs and auxiliary verbs, modal verbs and mood, other uses of modal verbs, other interesting language articles, frequently asked questions.

Modal verbs are used along with a main verb to indicate ability, necessity, possibility, and permission. In sentences containing modal verbs, the main verb typically takes the infinitive form. Modal verbs come before main verbs and never change form.

You may have as many cookies as you’d like.

Check for common mistakes

Use the best grammar checker available to check for common mistakes in your text.

Fix mistakes for free

Below is a table that illustrates some of the various uses of modal verbs. Note that modal verbs are very commonly used in a wide variety of senses—this table doesn’t cover every possible usage.

Modal verbs are classed as a type of auxiliary verb . Auxiliary verbs are used along with a main verb to express tense, mood, or voice. However, unlike modal verbs, regular auxiliary verbs follow subject-verb agreement and must be conjugated for tense and mood.

Gordon has burned the toast.

Modal verbs can be used along with auxiliary verbs to refer to possible past, continuous, or future action.

When a modal verb is followed by another auxiliary verb (e.g., “have,” “be”), the main verb takes either the past participle form (typically ending in “-ed,” “-n,” or “-t”) or the present participle form (ending in “-ing”).

The modal verb “will” is used in all aspects of the future tense (e.g., “I will talk,” “you will be traveling ”).

You may be wondering what I mean.

The grammatical mood of a verb indicates the intention of the sentence. Modal verbs and auxiliary verbs are used along with a main verb to express mood.

Modal verbs have various other functions in English. They can also be used:

• In indirect speech
• In negative statements
• For emphasis

Indirect speech

Modal verbs are used in indirect speech to indicate what someone else said. While most modal verbs stay the same when used in indirect speech, the past form of some modal verbs is used instead (e.g., “can” becomes “could”).

Negative statements

In negative statements containing modal verbs, the adverb “not” comes immediately after the modal verb and before all other verbs. The negative form is often contracted (e.g., “would not” becomes “wouldn’t”).

In everyday conversation, people sometimes place emphasis on a modal verb to refute a previous statement or question. The emphasized word is often italicized when written down.

If you want to know more about commonly confused words, definitions, common mistakes, and differences between US and UK spellings, make sure to check out some of our other language articles with explanations, examples, and quizzes.

Nouns & pronouns

• Common nouns
• Proper nouns
• Collective nouns
• Personal pronouns
• Uncountable and countable nouns
• Verb tenses
• Phrasal verbs
• Sentence structure
• Active vs passive voice
• Subject-verb agreement
• Interjections
• Determiners
• Prepositions

Modal verbs (also called modal auxiliary verbs ) are used along with a main verb to express ability, possibility, necessity, and permission. They are a type of auxiliary verb .

For example, in the statement “I can drive,” “can” is a modal verb indicating that the subject (“I”) has the ability to perform the action of the verb (“drive”).

“Would” is a modal verb that’s often used along with the auxiliary verb “have” to indicate that something was possible in the past but no longer is (e.g., “She would have been a professional athlete if she hadn’t broken her leg”). It can be contracted to “would’ve.”

People sometimes mistakenly write “would of” because of its similar pronunciation. However, “would of” is never correct.

“May” is a modal verb used to indicate possibility (e.g., “I may miss the bus”), make a request (e.g., “May I have a drink?”), or indicate permission (e.g., “You may sit down”).

Sources in this article

We strongly encourage students to use sources in their work. You can cite our article (APA Style) or take a deep dive into the articles below.

Ryan, E. (2023, December 06). What Is a Modal Verb? | Definition & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved April 10, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/verbs/modal-verb/

Aarts, B. (2011). Oxford modern English grammar . Oxford University Press.

Butterfield, J. (Ed.). (2015). Fowler’s dictionary of modern English usage (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.

Garner, B. A. (2016). Garner’s modern English usage (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.

Is this article helpful?

Eoghan Ryan

Other students also liked, what is an auxiliary verb | definition & examples, what is a linking verb | definition & examples, what is a transitive verb | examples, definition & quiz, unlimited academic ai-proofreading.

✔ Document error-free in 5minutes ✔ Unlimited document corrections ✔ Specialized in correcting academic texts

Modal Verbs: Useful Rules, List and Examples in English

Are you struggling to understand the concept of modal verbs? Look no further! In this article, we will dive into the basics of modal verbs and provide you with a clear understanding of their function in English grammar.

It is important to note that modal verbs have a unique set of rules that differ from regular verbs. For example, they do not use an “s” for the third person singular, and they make questions by inversion. It is also important to understand the different nuances of each modal verb and how they are used in context. So, let’s get started and explore the world of modal verbs together!

Definition of Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are a special class of auxiliary verbs that are used to modify the meaning of the main verb in a sentence. They are also known as modal auxiliary verbs or simply modals. Modal verbs are used to express different kinds of meanings such as possibility, ability, permission, necessity, and more.

Modal verbs are always used in combination with ordinary verbs and they change the meaning of the verb to something different from simple fact. They are commonly used in English and are an essential part of the language.

The following are some of the most common modal verbs in English:

Each of these modal verbs has a specific meaning and usage in English. For example, “can” is used to express ability, “may” is used to express possibility, and “must” is used to express necessity.

Modal verbs are also used to create different tenses in English. For example, “could” is used to create the past conditional tense, while “will” is used to create the future tense.

It is important to note that modal verbs do not have infinitive or participle forms. They are always used in their base form, and they do not take the -ing or -ed endings.

In summary, modal verbs are a special class of auxiliary verbs that are used to modify the meaning of the main verb in a sentence. They are used to express different kinds of meanings such as possibility, ability, permission, necessity, and more. Understanding the usage of modal verbs is essential for effective communication in English.

Types of Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that express a range of meanings such as ability, permission, possibility, obligation, and advice. Here are the different types of modal verbs:

Modal verbs of ability express whether you are capable of doing something or not. The most common modal verbs of ability are “can” and “could.” Here are some examples:

• You can speak English fluently.
• I could run a marathon when I was younger.

Modal verbs of permission express whether you are allowed to do something or not. The most common modal verbs of permission are “may” and “can.” Here are some examples:

• May I leave early today?
• Can I borrow your car for the weekend?

Possibility

Modal verbs of possibility express the likelihood of something happening. The most common modal verbs of possibility are “may,” “might,” “could,” and “can.” Here are some examples:

• It may rain later today.
• The train might be delayed.
• She could be at home.

Modal verbs of obligation express whether you are required to do something or not. The most common modal verbs of obligation are “must” and “should.” Here are some examples:

• You must submit your report by Friday.
• You should apologize for your mistake.

Modal verbs of advice express recommendations or suggestions. The most common modal verbs of advice are “should” and “ought to.” Here are some examples:

• You should exercise regularly to stay healthy.
• You ought to try the new restaurant in town.

In summary, modal verbs are essential in expressing different meanings in English. Understanding the different types of modal verbs can help you communicate more effectively and accurately.

Modal Verbs: Rules & Examples

Learn how and when to use modal verbs in English with rules and example sentences.

1. To indicate that something is probable or possible, or not so.

For example:

• It is sunny today; it must be warm outside. = It is sunny today; it is probably warm outside.
• His mobile is not reachable; he may/might/could be travelling by metro. = His mobile is not reachable; it is possible that he is travelling by metro.
• This can’t be our bill. = It is not possible that this is our bill.

2. ‘Can’ and ‘could’ are used to refer to skills and abilities.

• He can cover a hundred metres in under ten seconds.
• My father could see perfectly before the age of fifty.
• I can’t ride a horse.

3. ‘Must’ is used to indicate that something is necessary or of extreme importance, and ‘should’ is used to suggest that something is advisable.

• You must do your homework.
• You mustn’t skip school.
• You should say sorry.
• You shouldn’t smoke.

4. ‘Can’, ‘could’ and ‘may’ are used to ask for, give and withhold permission.

• Can I try my hand at it?
• Could we disperse early today?
• You may not enter the premises.

5. ‘Will’ and ‘would’ are used to refer to habits and inclinations.

• When I was a child, I would often climb trees.
• I will never refuse you anything.
• He would never do such a thing.

Note : These verbs differ from ordinary verbs in 3 respects.

• When used with the third person singular (he, she), they don’t require the addition of an ‘s’.
• They can be used to form questions by inverting the structure of the sentence.
• They can be followed directly by the verb, without the use of ‘to’.

Usage of Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are an essential part of English grammar. They are used to express a variety of meanings such as ability, possibility, permission, and obligation. In this section, we will discuss the usage of modal verbs in statements, questions, and negative sentences.

In Statements

Modal verbs are often used in statements to express various meanings. Here are some examples:

• Ability: “I can speak French fluently.”
• Possibility: “It may rain tomorrow.”
• Permission: “You may leave the room now.”
• Obligation: “You must finish your homework before going out.”

Note that when using modal verbs in statements, the main verb is always in its base form (infinitive) without “to.”

In Questions

Modal verbs are also commonly used in questions to ask for permission, ability, or possibility. Here are some examples:

• Permission: “May I leave the room now?”
• Ability: “Can you swim?”
• Possibility: “Could it be true?”

In questions, the modal verb is usually placed at the beginning of the sentence.

In Negative Sentences

Modal verbs can also be used in negative sentences to express the absence of ability, permission, or obligation. Here are some examples:

• Ability: “I cannot speak French fluently.”
• Permission: “You may not leave the room now.”
• Obligation: “You must not forget to lock the door.”

In negative sentences, the word “not” is added after the modal verb.

It is important to note that some modal verbs have different meanings depending on the context. For example, “must” can express obligation, but it can also be used to express a strong recommendation or deduction. In addition, some modal verbs have more than one form, such as “may” and “might,” which can both be used to express possibility.

Overall, modal verbs are an important part of English grammar and are used in a variety of contexts. By understanding their usage in statements, questions, and negative sentences, you can improve your English communication skills.

Common Modal Verb Phrases

Modal verbs are often used with other verbs to create phrases that convey a specific meaning. Here are some common modal verb phrases and their meanings:

• Can’t help but  – This phrase is used to express that you cannot stop yourself from doing something. For example, “I can’t help but smile when I see puppies.”
• Have to  – This phrase is used to express obligation or necessity. For example, “I have to finish my homework before I can go out.”
• Need to  – This phrase is used to express that something is necessary. For example, “I need to drink water after exercising.”
• Should have  – This phrase is used to express regret about something that was not done in the past. For example, “I should have studied more for the test.”
• Would rather  – This phrase is used to express a preference. For example, “I would rather stay at home than go to the party.”
• Must have  – This phrase is used to express certainty about something that happened in the past. For example, “He must have left his phone at home.”
• Might as well  – This phrase is used to suggest doing something because there is no reason not to. For example, “Since we have some extra time, we might as well go for a walk.”

Modal verb phrases can be very useful in expressing specific meanings and adding nuance to your language. It’s important to use them correctly and in the appropriate context.

Modal Verbs vs Auxiliary Verbs

When it comes to understanding the English language, it’s important to know the difference between modal verbs and auxiliary verbs. While both of these types of verbs are used to help the main verb in a sentence, there are some key differences between them.

Modal Verbs

Modal verbs, also known as modal auxiliary verbs, are a group of verbs that give additional information about the function of the main verb. They show possibility, intent, ability, or necessity. Modal verbs do not change their appearance, and they are used alongside the infinitive form of the main verb of a sentence.

Some common examples of modal verbs include:

Modal verbs are used to show if you believe something is certain, possible, or impossible. They can also be used to talk about ability, ask permission, and make requests and offers.

Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary verbs , also known as helping verbs, are used to help the main verb in a sentence. They change according to certain factors in the sentence, such as tense, person, and number.

Some common examples of auxiliary verbs include:

Auxiliary verbs can be used to form different tenses, such as the present perfect or past continuous. They can also be used to form questions and negatives.

In summary, the main difference between modal verbs and auxiliary verbs is that modal verbs do not change their appearance, while auxiliary verbs change according to certain factors in the sentence. Understanding the difference between these two types of verbs can help you to use them correctly in your writing and speaking.

Modal Verbs in Different Tenses

When it comes to tenses, modal verbs are quite unique. Unlike regular verbs, modal verbs do not change their form to indicate different tenses. They are used in their base form regardless of the time frame.

Modal verbs can refer to present and future time, but only some of them can refer to past time. Here is a table showing the modal verbs that can be used to refer to past time:

For example, “I could swim when I was younger” or “He would always help me with my homework.”

It’s important to note that when using modal verbs to refer to past time, the main verb in the sentence should be in the base form as well. For example, “I could have gone to the party, but I decided not to.”

In addition to the past time usage, here are some examples of how modal verbs can be used in different tenses:

• Present: “You should eat more vegetables.”
• Future: “We will have to leave early tomorrow.”
• Perfect: “He must have forgotten his phone at home.”
• Continuous: “They might be playing tennis right now.”

Overall, modal verbs are a versatile and useful tool in English grammar. By understanding how they can be used in different tenses, you can effectively communicate your intentions and convey meaning in your writing and speech.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are some examples of modal verbs in English?

Modal verbs are used to express ability, possibility, necessity, and permission. Some examples of modal verbs in English include can, may, must, shall, will, could, might, should, and would.

How many modal verbs are there in English?

There are nine modal verbs in English: can, may, must, shall, will, could, might, should, and would.

What is the definition of modal verbs and how are they used?

Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are used to express various meanings such as ability, possibility, necessity, and permission. They are followed by the base form of a verb and do not change their form based on the subject of the sentence. Modal verbs can also be used to make requests, give advice, and express opinions.

What is a good worksheet for practicing modal verbs?

There are many worksheets available online for practicing modal verbs. One good worksheet is the “Modal Verbs Practice” worksheet from Englishlinx.com. This worksheet includes exercises for practicing the different uses of modal verbs in English.

What are some common sentences using modal verbs?

Some common sentences using modal verbs include:

• I can swim.
• You should study for the test.
• He may arrive late.
• We must finish the project by Friday.
• They could come to the party.

How do you pronounce modal verbs correctly?

Modal verbs are pronounced with stress on the first syllable. For example, can is pronounced as “kan,” may is pronounced as “may,” and must is pronounced as “must.”

Related Posts:

thank you so much

Its amazing

Thank you. This would help me with my students.

• Link to facebook
• Link to linkedin
• Link to twitter
• Link to youtube
• Writing Tips

Grammar Tips: What Are Modal Verbs?

3-minute read

• 30th June 2021

Modal verbs are a special category of verb in English. But how do they work? And how should you use them in your writing ? In this post, we explain the basics.

How Are Modal Verbs Used?

Modal verbs are a type of auxiliary verb . These are “helping” verbs that work alongside other verbs to help us express something. Modal verbs in English include “can,” “may,” “must,” “should,” “would,” “might,” and “will.”

Typically, we use a modal verb before another verb to express one of four things:

• Possibility or likelihood (e.g., It might rain later today ).
• Ability or capacity for something (e.g., Birds can fly ).
• Obligation (e.g., You must finish your work today ).
• Permission (e.g., She may eat another slide of cake ).

You can also form a question by switching the subject and modal verb in a sentence. Take the following example, for instance:

Statement: You can jump very high!

Question: Can you jump very high?

Here, placing the modal verb “can” before the subject “you” lets us frame the sentence as a question rather than a statement.

Strength and Formality

The best modal verb to use will often depend on two things: the strength of the claim you are making, and the level of formality you’re trying to achieve.

For example, traditionally, “may” expresses a greater degree of likelihood than “might.” As such, “It may rain” would be a stronger claim about what the weather will do than “It might rain.” But “will” is stronger than both, implying certainty.

And while we can use “may,” “could,” or “can” to ask for or grant permission, these terms imply different levels of formality. For instance:

Formal: May I ask you a question?

Less formal: Could I ask you a question?

Informal: Can I ask you a question?

This makes it important to pick your modal verbs carefully, especially in formal writing. If you’re not sure how a modal verb is used, check online.

Negative Forms of Modal Verbs

To negate a modal verb, you typically just need to add “not” after the verb:

He will not listen to you.

They should not speak to her like that.

A slight exception to this is “cannot,” which is always written as a single word:

We cannot afford a new car until next year.

In all cases, though, negating a modal verb expresses the opposite of what it usually would. For example, saying someone “cannot” do something means they’re not able or not permitted to do it (whereas “can” means they are able or permitted).

These negations can often be contracted into a single, shorter term. For example:

However, you shouldn’t use contractions in formal writing. For example, in a student essay or business document, you would want to write “cannot” in full.

Find this useful?

Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox.

Expert Proofreading Services

Picking the right modal verb for a sentence can be tricky, especially if you speak English as an additional language. But our expert editors can help!

All you need to do is submit a free 500-word sample document today. After that, our proofreaders will make sure your writing reads smoothly and fluently.

Share this article:

Post A New Comment

Got content that needs a quick turnaround? Let us polish your work. Explore our editorial business services.

What is a content editor.

Are you interested in learning more about the role of a content editor and the...

4-minute read

The Benefits of Using an Online Proofreading Service

Proofreading is important to ensure your writing is clear and concise for your readers. Whether...

2-minute read

6 Online AI Presentation Maker Tools

Creating presentations can be time-consuming and frustrating. Trying to construct a visually appealing and informative...

What Is Market Research?

No matter your industry, conducting market research helps you keep up to date with shifting...

8 Press Release Distribution Services for Your Business

In a world where you need to stand out, press releases are key to being...

How to Get a Patent

In the United States, the US Patent and Trademarks Office issues patents. In the United...

Make sure your writing is the best it can be with our expert English proofreading and editing.

Modal Verbs in English Grammar

Conjugation of english modal verbs, can/could for ability, should/ought to for advice, can/could/may/might for permission, must/need not/should for obligation, may/might for possibility, may/can’t/must/will/shall for deduction, offers/requests, alternative forms, list - modal verbs and alternative forms.

• Lingolia Plus English

What is a modal verb?

The modal verbs in English grammar are c an, could, may, might, must, need not, shall/will, should/ought to . They express things like ability, permission, possibility, obligation etc. Modal verbs only have one form. They do not take -s in the simple present and they do not have a past simple or past participle form. However, some modal verbs have alternative forms that allow us to express the same ideas in different tenses.

Learn about the usage of modal verbs and their alternative forms in English grammar with Lingolia’s online lesson. Then put your knowledge to the test in the interactive exercises.

Max’s father is a mechanic. He might retire soon, so he thinks Max should work in the garage more often.

Max can already change tyres, but he has to learn a lot more about cars.

Max must do what he is told and must not touch any dangerous equipment.

There are a few points to consider when using modal verbs in a sentence:

• Modal verbs are generally only used in the present tense in English but we don’t add an -s in the third person singular. Example: He must do what he is told. ( not: H e musts … )

Modal verbs do not take an auxiliary verb in negative sentences and questions .

• We always use modal verbs with a main verb (except for short answers and question tags ). The main verb is used in the infinitive without to . Example: Max can change tyres. ( not: Max can to change tyres. )

We use modal verbs to express ability, to give advice, to ask for and give permission, to express obligation, to express possibility, to deduce and to make predicitions.

We use can in simple present.

We can use the alternative form to be able to in all tenses (present, past, perfect, progressive and future).

We use could or the alternative form was/were able to in simple past.

• We use could for general ability and with the verbs feel, hear, see, smell, taste, remember and understand . Example: Max’s father could do everything in the garage. Max’s father could remember changing his first tyre.
• We use was/were able to when we talk about something specific in the past. Example: Was Max able to change the tyre yesterday ?

There is no difference between the negative forms couldn’t and wasn’t/weren’t able to .

We use should/ought to to give advice, make suggestions or say what is a good idea.

To make suggestions about something that has already happened we use should/ought to + have + past participle .

We use can/could/may/might to ask permission in simple present. Could is more polite than can , and may/might is more polite than could .

We usually only use may in questions with I and we .

We only use can or may, but not could, to give permission.

We use could in conditional clauses and in the simple past.

We can use b e allowed to in all tenses.

We use must to say what is necessary and give orders or advice in a strong way. With must , the obligation is usually imposed by the speaker.

We use have to when the obligation is general (e.g. a rule or law), or we are expressing past or future obligation.

We use mustn’t/be not allowed to to say what is not allowed or forbidden.

We can use should/be expected to like must but it is weaker.

We use need not/don’t have to when there is no obligation.

We use may/might to express possibilty in the future. There is no difference in meaning between may and might. We don’t usually use contractions with may not and might not.

• We use may/might when we think something is perhaps true, but we are not 100% sure. Example: Max may/might not want to work in the garage forever. We can replace may/might with could in positive sentences , but not with can . Example: Max’s father may/might/could retire soon, he is almost 60. To speculate about something in the past we use may/might (not) + have + past participle. Example: Max’s grandfather may/might have wanted to retire when he was 50.
• We use can’t to express something we are sure is untrue or impossible in the present. Example: Max can’t be retired, he’s 12 years old. ( but not : Max mustn’t be retired .)
• We use must to express something we are 100% sure is true in the present. Example: Max’s grandfather must be retired, he’s 90 years old. ( but not : Max’s grandfather can be retired .) To speculate about something in the past we use can’t/must + have + past participle. Example: Max’s father must have worked very hard.
• We use will (not)/shall (not) when we make a predicition about the future, or when we are sure about something in the future. Example: The car won’t/shan’t be ready tomorrow. Max will/shall be a wonderful mechanic.

We can often choose between two modal verbs with similar meanings when we ask questions or make requests. One form is more polite than the other.

*Will/Shall

We use will to make requests/ask somebody to do something. When we want to make a suggestion using the interrogative form in the 1 st person (I, we) , we use shall .

Learn more about shall .

If we want to indicate a situation in the past , we have to use the alternative forms instead of the regular modal verbs. The list below provides an overview of modal verbs and their alternative forms, along with examples.

Max’s father took over the garage from his father. He did not have to worry about his future either. Max’s father also had to learn a lot and had to do what he was told. He was not allowed to touch dangerous equipment. He was expected to work in the garage often. However, Max’s father was not as talented as Max and was not able to change tyres until he was 15 years old.

Of course, we can also use the alternative forms (except for could ) in other tenses.

* We use could and was/were able for the past of can . We use could for general ability and with the verbs feel, hear, see, smell, taste, remember and understand . We use was/were able to when we talk about something specific in the past. The negative couldn’t can be used in all three cases.

How good is your English?

Find out with Lingolia’s free grammar test

Take the test!

Maybe later

• Cambridge Dictionary +Plus

Modal verbs and modality

Modality is about a speaker’s or a writer’s attitude towards the world. A speaker or writer can express certainty, possibility, willingness, obligation, necessity and ability by using modal words and expressions.

Speakers often have different opinions about the same thing.

These speakers are looking at the same thing.

Modal verbs

Here are the main verbs we use to express modal meanings:

Core modal verbs: can , could , may , might , will , shall , would , should , must

Semi-modals: dare, need , ought to , used to

Other verbs with modal meanings: have (got) to, be going to and be able to

Be going to : form

Have got to and have to

Modal words and expressions

There are a number of other words and expressions in English, apart from the main modal verbs, which also express modal meanings.

Here are some examples:

Modality: meanings and uses

Modality: other modal words and expressions

Be expressions ( be able to , be due to )

Word of the Day

Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio

a group of four people who play musical instruments or sing as a group

Shoots, blooms and blossom: talking about plants

Learn more with +Plus

• Recent and Recommended {{#preferredDictionaries}} {{name}} {{/preferredDictionaries}}
• Definitions Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English English Learner’s Dictionary Essential British English Essential American English
• Grammar and thesaurus Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English Grammar Thesaurus
• Pronunciation British and American pronunciations with audio English Pronunciation
• English–Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Simplified)–English
• English–Chinese (Traditional) Chinese (Traditional)–English
• English–Dutch Dutch–English
• English–French French–English
• English–German German–English
• English–Indonesian Indonesian–English
• English–Italian Italian–English
• English–Japanese Japanese–English
• English–Norwegian Norwegian–English
• English–Polish Polish–English
• English–Portuguese Portuguese–English
• English–Spanish Spanish–English
• English–Swedish Swedish–English
• Dictionary +Plus Word Lists

Add ${headword} to one of your lists below, or create a new one.

{{message}}

Something went wrong.

There was a problem sending your report.

You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser or activate Google Chrome Frame to improve your experience.

English Modal Verbs: What Are Modal Verbs and When Are They Used?

Everybody can use a little help now and then!

That goes for English verbs , too.

Sometimes, one verb alone just won’t cut it.

A modal verb can help the main verb do its job.

Modal verbs add more meaning to your sentences and let you express more complex ideas.

But what are modal verbs? How do you use them?

In this post, I’ll introduce you to the most important English modal verbs. I’ll show you how they work and how to use them correctly.

What Are Modal Verbs?

When do we use english modal verbs, all of the english modal verbs, how to use modal verbs in business english, where to practice modal verbs, and one more thing....

Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. (Download)

Modal verbs are a type of “auxiliary verb,” also called a “helping verb” as we hinted above. That means they work alongside other verbs to give your sentence a new meaning .

For example, they can change the tense of your main verb, or indicate the possibility, permission or necessity for something to happen.

Common English modal verbs are:

Modal verbs are used very frequently in English, in a variety of contexts. Here are some of the main things modal verbs can be used to express:

• Possibility
• Suggestions
• Probability

Modal verbs are also often used to ask questions, especially Wh questions .

Once you understand how modal verbs work, it’ll help you speak English conversationally and in an academic setting .

One of the most common uses for this modal verb is to express ability . In this case, can is another way of saying “be able to.”

I can play piano.

This also works if you’re asking a question. To ask about someone’s ability to do something, typically you would say: Can you _____?

Can you speak English?

In a similar way,  can is also used sometimes as a way to offer help or to  ask for permission .

I can watch your dog while you’re on vacation.

Can you please pass the butter?

You’ll also often hear this modal verb used to express the  possibility of something happening.

Houses can flood in this region during rainstorms.

Could expresses the past tense of can . Use it to express ability, but when talking about the past.

I could understand German when I was a kid.

Could you hear the birds chirping yesterday morning?

Could is sometimes used to express possibility, similar to  can . However, unlike can , it’s used for less concrete possibilities and suggestions.

We could go to the park or we could go to the mall.

Will is most commonly used to put an English sentence in the future tense . It indicates that something’s going to happen in the future.

I will wash my plates after I finish eating.

They will visit their grandmom next month.

In question form,  will is used to  ask if something’s going to happen in the future.

Will there be a storm tomorrow?

Will we have a quiz in English class?

Would often talks about a habitual action in the past . That means an action repeated more than once, often by routine.

When I was a kid I would play with dolls every day.

Would can also show a willingness to do something in the future, often as part of the phrase “would like to…”

She would like to come to the party.

Would is used in a question to ask someone to do something. In this way, it’s similar to  can —however, using  would sounds more polite .

Would you please close the door?

Another very common usage of would is in conditionals —showing that something depends on something else. You may recognize the sentence structure  would … if , as in the examples below:

  She would go to the mall if you asked her.

He would become fluent in English if he practiced more often.

Finally, would often pairs up with the verb  wish to express a desire .

I wish you would stop tapping your pencil.

You’ll often hear  should used to as a way to  give or ask for advice or an opinion .

You should do your homework.

The governor should visit our neighborhood.

Should I meet you at your apartment?

In a similar way, it can be used to describe something necessary but perhaps not wanted .

She should comb her hair but she doesn’t want to.

Should is also used to show an expectation .

He should be back by 10 p.m.

The mall should be empty at this time of night.

May is another modal verb that’s similar to can , but more formal and polite. It’s used to express or ask for  permission , and is often considered the most polite way to do so .

May I sit beside you?

You may pour yourself a cup of tea.

May is also often used to describe a possibility .

We may go downtown tonight.

Like may , might can present a possibility . It’s not uncommon to hear  may and  might used interchangeably in this context, although  may is slightly more formal.

He might get the job at the factory.

Might can also be used to suggest something . Within the phrase “might as well,” it indicates that there isn’t a good alternative.

I might as well go home since there’s no one else here.

Must is a way of saying “have to” or “need to,” though it’s more formal than either of those.

You must finish your homework by Wednesday.

Must also expresses a strong suggestion .

You must see the Louvre while you’re in Paris!

Must can also be used as a guess , though only if you think that your guess is correct or if you have evidence to back up your guess.

He must be smart because he studied engineering.

Shall is a good modal verb to recognize, but it’s rarely used in everyday language because it feels so formal and polite to native English speakers. Its use is similar to will . You may see it most often in literature from past eras .

I shall call your mother if you misbehave.

We shall arrive at 5:00.

Now we’ll cover some useful modal verb phrases you can use in different business situations.

Arranging a Meeting

Of course, there are many business situations where you might need to arrange a meeting. Modal verbs will be invaluable in setting up these meetings politely and efficiently.

Could we meet at _____? 

I can meet at _____. / I can’t meet at _____. 

Should I reserve the conference room? 

Might we discuss it over lunch? 

The meeting should take about 30 minutes.

Conducting an Online Meeting

In today’s business world, online meetings, video calls or conference calls are very common. If you work for a foreign company, it’s likely that you’ll have to participate in an online meeting at some point.

Modal verbs will help you keep the meeting on track in a clear and formal way.

Could  you please mute your microphone when you’re not speaking? 

Can everyone hear/see me?

Before we begin, we should each introduce ourselves.

Giving a Presentation

Giving presentations in any language can be nerve-wracking, but it can be especially overwhelming if you have to give a presentation in English. Fortunately, there are several modal verb phrases you can learn in business English to help you give your best presentation.

Might/may  I have your attention, please? 

Could you please save your questions until the end? 

Today, I would like to discuss…

In conclusion, we must find a way to decrease costs/to increase profits/to find our niche/etc.

Speaking to an Employee as a Manager

If you’re a manager, one of the most common relationships you’ll have to navigate in the business world is between you and your employees. Here are some modal phrases that can help you speak with your employees in a respectful, yet commanding manner.

When can you give me the numbers from this quarter?

When will you be finished with the project? 

Could you email me a detailed update? 

We should plan to move forward with the merger.

Speaking to a Manager as an Employee

When you’re an employee at a company, you’ll most likely need to report to a manager or some other type of superior . It’s important to speak with respect and confidence when communicating with your boss. Here are some types of modal verb phrases that might be useful.

Could you please give me your thoughts on…?

I will finish _____ by _____.

I can find time for theses tasks today.

I would welcome your feedback on…

Speaking to Your Colleagues

Another important relationship in the workplace is the relationship between you and your colleagues. When you’re speaking with employees of a company that are at your same level, it’s nice to be able to talk both about business and more casually. Here are some modal phrases that you might try.

I might attend the conference. What about you? 

I could use a day off. What about you? 

Can/could  I give you some advice? 

Can/could  I ask you a favor? 

Speaking with a Client or Customer

Speaking with a client or customer is an important part of many jobs. It’s important to speak clearly, confidently and politely with them. If you often work directly with clients and customers, you may want to add some of these general business modal verb phrases to your vocabulary.

We would like to set up a face-to-face meeting. 

May I offer you …? 

It would be my pleasure to…

I might be able to…

Would you like to renew your account/subscription? 

Could you give us a list of your requirements? 

Taking a Phone Call

No matter what department you work in, making and receiving phone calls is probably a daily occurrence. It’s important to be able to successfully engage in a phone conversation at work . Here are some standard modal verb phrases you can use the next time your desk phone rings.

Could I ask who’s calling, please? 

How may I help you? 

Can I take a message? 

Should I call back later? 

Could you repeat that?

Hiring an Employee

One of the most common business interactions is hiring new employees.

Sometimes it can be challenging to interview potential employees, especially if you’re speaking in a second language such as English. Here are some useful phrases you’ll need during the hiring process.

Can/could you tell me more about your work experience?

You must arrive on time for the interview.

You should  submit three references with your application.

As with many English grammar concepts, the trick to learning modal verbs is to practice them as much as you can!

• Ginger Software has some helpful exercises where you’ll choose the correct modal verb to put in a sentence .
• Mad Libs is a popular English word game that’ll expose you to modal verbs among many other types of English vocabulary.
• Journaling is a great technique to practice your English while incorporating modal verbs. Write about your plans for the upcoming day or week, like what you  will do, what you  should do, etc.
• FluentU is a language learning platform with a curated library of English videos.

This should help you express a range of ideas in English more fluently. Don’t forget to keep practicing!

If you like learning English through movies and online media, you should also check out FluentU. FluentU lets you learn English from popular talk shows, catchy music videos and funny commercials , as you can see here:

If you want to watch it, the FluentU app has probably got it.

The FluentU app and website makes it really easy to watch English videos. There are captions that are interactive. That means you can tap on any word to see an image, definition, and useful examples.

FluentU lets you learn engaging content with world famous celebrities.

For example, when you tap on the word "searching," you see this:

FluentU lets you tap to look up any word.

Learn all the vocabulary in any video with quizzes. Swipe left or right to see more examples for the word you’re learning.

FluentU helps you learn fast with useful questions and multiple examples. Learn more.

The best part? FluentU remembers the vocabulary that you’re learning. It gives you extra practice with difficult words—and reminds you when it’s time to review what you’ve learned. You have a truly personalized experience.

Start using the FluentU website on your computer or tablet or, better yet, download the FluentU app from the iTunes or Google Play store. Click here to take advantage of our current sale! (Expires at the end of this month.)

Enter your e-mail address to get your free PDF!

We hate SPAM and promise to keep your email address safe

• English Grammar

Modal verbs

Level: beginner

The modal verbs are: 

We use modals to show if we believe something is certain, possible or impossible :

My keys must be in the car. It might rain tomorrow. That can't be Peter's coat. It's too small.

We also use them to do things like talk about ability , ask permission , and make requests and offers :

I can't swim. May I ask a question? Could I have some tea, please? Would you like some help?

MultipleChoice_MTYzNDI=

Hello Team. Could you please help me? Does "had to" mean that the action happened or might not? For example, is the following sentence correct? Some teachers say that it is not correct while others say it is OK, what do you say? - I had to call my friend but I forgot. Thank you.

• Log in or register to post comments

Hello Ahmed Imam,

It is possible to say this. Had to does not necessarily imply that the obligation/requirement was met. For example, it's fine to say this:

I had to get there by 8.00 to go to the meeting, but unfortunately the train was delayed.

The LearnEnglish Team

Hello, "Had to" as the positive and "didn't have to" as the negative form are in the past. And therefore what I gather from your sentence is = you were supposed to call your friend but you didn't (Now, it's too late). Bye :)

I had to call my friend but i forgot this sentence is fine. But when ever you talk about the past, you always need two actions and a time scale. Two actions is what you have but no time scale. I had to call my friend(when?) yesterday or last week? I had to call my friend yesterday but I completely forgot. Giving the sentence a little more emphasis by using an adverb (completely).

This sentence is right.I see no problem with this.

"i had to call my friend" this sentence alone can not express whether you called your friend or not but it shows that you were in urgent need or situation.

but when you added "but i forgot" then you are assuring that you didn't call your friend.

Instead of but i forgot you could have also used ,"i had forgotten".

I was reading about this online recently and someone said that their dictionary from 1982 shows the verb "can" as an auxiliary intransitive verb, which was fully congugated and the past and conditional tenses were "could" and the conditional past was "could have". Please could you tell me when the fully conjugated verb became obsolete and was replaced with the two modal verbs "can" and "could" and also why this happened? Thank you for your help!

Hi helenaw,

It's an interesting question, but one that is outside what we do on this site, which is focused on learning English as a foreign/second/additional language. For what it's worth, I'm not sure we can say "can" has ever been fully conjugated in modern English, as to my knowledge it's never had a past participle. But users of sites such as Stack Exchange may be able to shed more light on this. I hope you can find answers there to your interesting question!

LearnEnglish team

I have always wondered why WILL, SHALL and WOULD are considered modal verbs as they don't have meaning and they are closer to the auxiliaries DO; DOES; DID

Hi MRamos2022,

It's an interesting question. A modal verb, as defined by the Cambridge Dictionary , is "a verb used with another verb to express an idea such as possibility that is not expressed by the main verb".  Will ,  shall  and  would  fit this description - they are all used with another verb and cannot be used alone, and they express some kind of meaning or attitude that modifies the main verb (broadly speaking,  will  and shall  are about willingness or beliefs about the future, and  would  is about unreal and hypothetical actions). For example,  I like coffee  is different in meaning from  I would like a coffee , and  I don't agree  is not the same as  I wouldn't agree  (using "would" makes it a hypothetical disagreement, thus less direct and possibly more polite).

Dear respected team, Even superman wouldn't be able to defeat him. What does "would" refer to? Does it refer to possibility or point of view of the speaker? Thank you

Hi Hosseinpour,

"Would" indicates an unreal situation. It is unreal either because Superman is a fictional character and doesn't exist in the real world, or (if this sentence comes from a story in which Superman does exist) because in the speaker's view, Superman and the other person have not yet had a fight and are not really going to fight.

Thank you sir for the help and time. Thank you

This is very helpful! Thanks

Hello, I have more questions about texts from the 19th century. The text is "Mrs Hutchinson" by Nathaniel Hawthorne. My first question is about the meaning of a question appears in the subjunctive mode in the text. The author writes, "Is the prize worth her [woman's] having if she win it [fame]?" I understand "if she win it" to mean "should she win it", which in turn means that the author has doubts about "her winning it". Therefore, is it correct to conclude that Hawthorne in using the subjunctive mode is expressing a disparaging view about a woman's potential. Isn't he saying "I don't think women can win it". The other question is from the same document, but comes from the opening statement. "The character of this female suggests a train of thoughts which will form as natural an introduction to her story as most of the prefaces to Gay's Fables or the tales of Prior, besides that the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want to present applicability". I am not sure what the author means by the second half of this sentence (after "besides"). Does he mean "in addition to that the validity of the moral point we gather from Hutchinson's character allows for an introduction here"? I interpreted "want for" to mean "preference for", not as "lack of". I am not sure how "lack of" can work in this case. I hope that my questions don't bore you. thanks

Hello Ahmed,

I should start off by saying that I'm not familiar with this text or the context in which the sentences you ask about occur. So please know that my answers might well be different if I were.

Re: your first question, I think that 'should she win it' is a good gloss of 'if she win it'. You could also say 'if she wins it'. I'd have to have a closer look at the text (or be more familiar with 19th-century American literature than I am) to say for sure, but I don't think the subjunctive here indicates any extra meaning. In other words, from this sentence alone, I don't think one can conclude that Hawthorne has doubts about this woman's (or women's?) ability to win fame. I think he's simply saying that she/they might win it, or she/they might not. And really what he seems to be doing isn't so much doubting whether this woman/women can win it, but whether winning fame is something worth winning.

Re: your second question, I'm afraid I'd need to know more about what's Hawthorne's talking about (the woman, her story, her train of thoughts, the moral, etc.) to make any useful sense of this sentence. Perhaps you have a teacher you could ask about this?

All the best, Kirk LearnEnglish team

Hell, In reading 19th century prose, I have often come across a strange usage of "would". Take for instance the following sentence: "Even on a small scale, how often will it happen that the term best corresponding to a new world in the original will be one that in our language is already old and worn out, so that the translator, would he show the work's contribution to the development of the language, will be forced to introduce foreign content into the passage, deviating into the realm of imitation!" Am I right to think of "would he show" to mean "if he wants to show"? Also, under what subtopic in modals can I find more about this usage?

Hi Ahmed Nidal,

Yes, that's right. The meaning of "would" here is the desire to do something, and this meaning is rarely used today. The conditional meaning ("if") comes from the subject/modal inversion, rather than from "would".

It is meaning 2.8 on this Wiktionary page . I hope that helps.

Thank you Jonathan. Much appreciated. Ahmed

Hello Sir, "We may have to live with the coronavirus." 1. In this sentence 'have' is main verb or it is modal verb(have to) 2. Can we place two modal verbs (may & have to) together 3. Further, 'to' is attached to 'have'(have to) or it is attached to 'live'(to live)

Hello Mordhvaj,

The main verb in this sentence is 'live'.

'May' is a modal verb. 'Have to' is sometimes called a semi-modal verb in that it has some elements of modality but not others. The wikipedia page for modal verbs describes it thus:

...there are numerous other verbs that can be viewed as modal verbs insofar as they clearly express modality in the same way that the verbs in this list do, e.g. appear, have to, seem etc. In the strict sense, though, these other verbs do not qualify as modal verbs in English because they do not allow subject-auxiliary inversion, nor do they allow negation with not. Verbs such as be able to and be about to allow subject-auxiliary inversion and do not require do-support in negatives but these are rarely classified as modal verbs because they inflect and are a modal construction involving the verb to be which itself is not a modal verb. If, however, one defines modal verb entirely in terms of meaning contribution, then these other verbs would also be modals and so the list here would have to be greatly expanded.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_verb

It is possible to use a modal verb before 'have to', but it is not possible to use 'have to' before a modal verb. Thus, 'we may have to...' is fine, but *'we have to may...'* is incorrect.

We describe the form as have to + verb rather than have + to verb . The 'to' is still included when the verb is omitted:

We need to leave for the party. Is it really important I go? Yes, you have to. No complaining!

Hello Sir, I feel honoured to have my question answered by you. Point by point you have cleared each and every doubt of mine. I have always been a big fan of your answers. It is almost a miracle to have one's answer 'succinct' and 'detailed' simultaneously; and you are a wizard who can do that miracle. Thanks🌹

Hello Mordhvaj,

It's nice of you to say so. We're a small team here but we try our best!

Hello, thanks for the grammar. I have a question in relation to adverbs of frequency, and modal verbs. These two sentences: They could never divide us. They never could divide us. Which one is grammatically correct? Also are there some situations you could use the second one, and it would be correct? Thanks.

Hi Howard Manzi,

Thanks for your question :) They are both grammatically correct. The typical position is as in sentence 1, between the modal verb and the main verb. Sentence 2 is grammatical too, but the position of "never" seems to make it more emphatic than in sentence 1. Somebody may say this if they really want to emphasise "never".

"Never" can also be emphasised by putting it as the first word in the sentence (this also needs an inversion of subject and modal verb):  Never could they divide us .

I hope that helps.

Thanks. I appreciate it.

"May" has PERMISSION meaning also "Might" has?

I found this following question on this web page.

->I know you're busy, but MIGHT I ask you a quick question? (and right answer of meaning is PERMISSION)

I understood that "MIGHT" doesn't have PERMISSION meaning. So I am confused..

Hello Jiwon LEE,

As is explained on our 'may' and 'might' page , 'might' can be used to ask for permission in a very polite way.

This use is quite rare in ordinary speaking and many grammars don't even mention it. 'may' and 'can' are far more commonly used.

All the best, Kirk The LearnEnglish Team

Hi Jonathan, I would like to ask for your help and hope you're available to answer me this time.

If someone gives me a present, I might say :

(A) How could you have known it was my birthday today ?

[1] Does the use of "could have known" in this sentence express surprise about how he could know that today is my birthday ? Or [2] Is it a conditional sentence with the implied if clause that is not mentioned ? For example :

(B) How could you have known....if my mother had not told you ? (No surprise is conveyed here)

[3] If we can use this pattern to express surprise, can we say this sentence ?

(C) I don't know how the thief could have known the key code, but he did (= I'm surprised how he got to know the key code).

[4] To express surprise in examples (A) and (C), can we change "could have" to "can have" ?

I would really appreciate your explanation. Thank you.

Best regards,

Hello melvinthio,

(A) is grammatically correct, but in the situation you describe in [1], a more natural statement would be 'How did you know it was my birthday today?'. Both (A) and my suggestion could certainly express surprise, though they don't necessarily do so. Even if you thought the gift giver was giving you the present for a different reason, I still don't think they'd use a sentence with 'could have known' here.

Your analysis of (B) in [2] sounds correct to me, though I don't think the grammar tells us anything about surprise. It could express simple curiosity, though it certainly can also be used to express surprise.

Similar to (A), a more natural way of saying (C) is 'I don't know how the thief knew ...' (assuming we can see evidence of the thief knowing this), but (C) is also possible here. I'd understand it to express some degree of surprise, but I don't think it has anything to do with the grammar, but rather the situation.

I think the difference between the two situations is that in (A), we see the action with our own eyes -- we've seen the person giving the gift or somehow know it came from them. In contrast, in (C), we see the result of the thief's actions -- an open safe -- but haven't seen the thief open it. It also more possible for another person to discover our birthday than it is for a thief to open a safe (at least to my mind).

As for [4], no, 'could have' better expresses the idea of an unlikely possibility. Perhaps 'can have' would be possible in some unusual situations, but in most cases and certainly in the way I've imagined them now, it wouldn't work.

Hope this helps.

Hii, I am Manish. One of my teachers told me modal are ( be and Have ) Be has 3 forms BE =1. Is/am/ are 2. Was/ were 3. Been You are a teacher. I am a student. You were a child 10 years ago. I was a child too.

Have = possession I have a car.= I have got a car.

Was he right?

Hello Manish,

Modal verbs are verbs like should, can, could, might, will etc.

'Be' and 'have' are not modal verbs. They are normal verbs but can also be used as auxiliary verbs to form questions and other forms.

Base form - be  ~  have

First form (present) - am/is/are  ~  have/has

Second form (past) - was/were  ~  had

Third form (past participle) - been  ~  had

For possession, have and have got are alternatives.

You can read more about the verb 'be' on this page:

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english-grammar-reference/the-verb-be  

Can I use articles with collective noun ? (a,an,the)

Yes, you can :) If you have any questions about it, you can post them on our Articles page.

Hi everyone, is the following sentence correct? I can English.

When can it be accepted? Thank you so much!

Hello mivu,

No, I'm afraid 'I can English' is not correct in any context I can think of.

It's possible to say 'I can' or 'I can do' in a short answer , but the direct object of the verb is omitted in short answers.

Hey there Well, every modal verb will be followed by another verb, which is missing in that statement. It might be the verb "to speak". I can SPEAK English.

Hello. I have a question. Why is WOULD considered a modal verb? As I understand, WOULD has no meaning as the other modals verbs. It has a function, which is to make the sentence conditional. And if it is considered, why the other auxiliaries are not? Thank you very much for your help.

Hello MRamos,

' would ' actually has a number of uses beyond its use in second conditional structures -- for example, it can be used to make polite requests, or to talk about frequent past events. In older styles of English, it was also used to express desires, though this is almost never heard these days.

In general, modal verbs add different kinds of meaning to a statement -- for example, certainty, possibility or obligation. I'd suggest having a look at our Modal verbs page, where you can see more on this, and you might also find the Cambridge Dictionary Grammar's page on Modal verbs and modality useful.

I couldn't have explained it better. Amazing!

Hello Mussorie,

There is no difference in meaning here. In this and similar constructions you can use either the object pronoun or the possessive adjective with the -ing form. Both are in common use and are acceptable but I think the form with the object pronoun ( me ) is more informal and less likely to be used in formal contexts.

You can read a brief discussion of the topic here:

https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/515247/my-ing-possessive-form-ing-vs-me-ing-object-form-ing

In both 1 and 2, you are reporting that the thing you imagined has been confirmed, but the verb form in 1 suggests that someone else was doubting your supposition.

In the other sentence, 'will have started' is used because the time reference point is the present time (6:00). We use 'would' to speak about the future from the perspective of the past, but the time reference point here is present. The beginning of the match in the past is suggested, but not stated.

All the best,

Hello Nevı,

No, I'm afraid that doesn't work. Normally the verb forms in reduced relative clauses replace non-modal verbs, usually in the present continuous, present simple or past simple.

Best wishes,

Hello Hemam,

'would' (and 'wouldn't') can be used to express unwillingness, in other words, the idea that someone or something doesn't want to do something. So in the first sentence, the idea is that the car didn't want to start. Most people don't actually believe that a car has desires, but sometimes when we feel we are unlucky, we speak this way to show the feeling of being unlucky. Other than this, these two sentences mean the same thing.

The sentence about Reddington could mean that we think he would never tell us this in any circumstance (here 'would' refers to hypothetical situations) or, if it's speaking about the past, it could mean that Redding refused to tell us. Which meaning it has depends on the context.

Online courses

Group and one-to-one classes with expert teachers.

Learn English in your own time, at your own pace.

One-to-one sessions focused on a personal plan.

Get the score you need with private and group classes.  

• A Beginner’s Guide to IELTS
• Common Grammar Mistakes [for IELTS Writing Candidates]

Writing Correction Service

• Free IELTS Resources
• Practice Speaking Test

Select Page

A Complete Guide to Modal Verbs

Posted by David S. Wills | Sep 22, 2023 | Grammar | 0

Have you ever wondered how to talk about possibility, obligation, or ability in English? If so, welcome to the world of modal verbs! Modal verbs are incredibly versatile and essential for expressing various tones, moods, and attitudes in English. In this guide, we will explore what modal verbs are, delve into their usage, and examine some common rules and examples.

Table of Contents

What are modal verbs, types of modal verbs, rules for using modal verbs, common mistakes.

Modal verbs are auxiliary, or “helping,” verbs that modify the main verb in a sentence to express possibility, ability, necessity, or other conditions. These include words like “can,” “could,” “will,” “would,” “shall,” “should,” “may,” “might,” and “must.”

• This shows ability.
• This is a suggestion.

Additional Examples:

• Can : She can play the piano well.
• Could : When she was younger, she could climb trees easily.

Possibility and Speculation

• May : It may rain tomorrow.
• Might : I might visit my grandparents this weekend.
• Can : Can I use your phone?
• May : May I come in?

Obligation and Necessity

• Must : You must report to the office immediately.
• Have to : I have to pick up my kids from school.

Prohibition

• Cannot/Can’t : You can’t park here.
• Mustn’t : You mustn’t smoke in this area.

Offers and Invitations

• Will : Will you have some coffee?
• Would : Would you like to join us for dinner?

Suggestions

• Shall : Shall we go for a walk?
• Should : We should take a break.
• Could : Could you please pass the salt?
• Would : Would you mind helping me with this?

Future Probability

• Will : She will probably come to the party.
• Shall : They shall succeed with enough effort.

Past Probability

• Would have : She would have succeeded if she had tried.
• Could have : He could have won the race but decided to stop and help an injured runner

These examples showcase the various contexts and conditions in which modal verbs are often used. They allow for a nuanced expression of mood, probability, ability, necessity, and more. By understanding how to use them appropriately, you can convey your ideas and attitudes much more clearly and effectively. Remember that accuracy is very important!

Possibility

• Can : Can you finish the project by tomorrow?
• Might : He might come to the party later.
• Can : Maria can speak four languages.
• Could : I could run fast when I was young.
• Must : We must complete the assignment.
• Have to : They have to take the medicine.

Request and Offers

• Will : Will you marry me?
• Would : Would you like some tea?
• May : You may find the book interesting.
• Could : They could arrive late due to traffic.
• Will be able to : She will be able to finish the project by next week.
• Would be able to : If she had more time, she would be able to complete it sooner.
• Should : You should take an umbrella; it looks like it’ll rain.
• Ought to : They ought to apologise for their behaviour.
• Can : Can you help me with my homework?
• Shall : Shall I open the window for you?

These additional examples should provide a broader understanding of the different ways modal verbs can be employed for various purposes. Whether you’re indicating possibility, showing ability, emphasising necessity, or making requests and offers, modal verbs are your go-to tool for nuanced communication.

• No Conjugation : Modal verbs do not change form based on the subject.
• Incorrect: She cans swim.
• Correct: She can swim.
• Incorrect : He wills go to the market.
• Correct : He will go to the market.
• Incorrect : They musts complete the project by tomorrow.
• Correct : They must complete the project by tomorrow.
• Incorrect : She coulds read when she was four.
• Correct : She could read when she was four.
• Incorrect : We cans see the mountains from here.
• Correct : We can see the mountains from here.

As you can see, the modal verb stays the same form irrespective of the subject, thus making it simpler than regular verbs, which often require conjugation based on the subject. (Learn more in this article on subject-verb agreement .) Understanding this rule is essential as it simplifies the process of constructing sentences.

• Double Modals Are Rare : Using two modal verbs together is generally avoided.
• Incorrect: She might can go.
• Correct: She might be able to go.
• Incorrect : They should must complete the project.
• Correct : They should complete the project. / They must complete the project.
• Incorrect : He will can join us later.
• Correct : He will be able to join us later.
• Incorrect : She may should attend the meeting.
• Correct : She may need to attend the meeting. / She should attend the meeting.
• Incorrect : We could will win the game.
• Correct : We could win the game. / We will probably win the game.
• Incorrect : I would can help you with that.
• Correct : I would be able to help you with that.

By avoiding double modals, the sentences remain clearer and easier to understand. If you feel the need to use two modal-like ideas, consider replacing one with an equivalent phrase, like “be able to,” “have to,” or “need to,” among others. This will help you maintain the clarity and grammatical integrity of your sentences.

• Always Use Base Form : Always use the base form of the main verb after a modal.
• Incorrect: He must to go.
• Correct: He must go.
• Incorrect : She can runs fast.
• Correct : She can run fast.
• Incorrect : They should eats healthily.
• Correct : They should eat healthily.
• Incorrect : We will sees you tomorrow.
• Correct : We will see you tomorrow.
• Incorrect : He might goes there.
• Correct : He might go there.
• Incorrect : She would likes some coffee.
• Correct : She would like some coffee.

As shown, the main verb that follows a modal should always be in its base form. This is crucial for constructing grammatically correct sentences. Ensuring you follow this rule will make your English sound more natural and accurate. It will also help you to get a better score for Grammatical Range and Accuracy .

Confusing “Should” and “Must”

• You should eat more fruits.
• You must obey the law.

“Should” for Advice or Recommendation

• Here, “should” offers a suggestion for maintaining good health.
• In this example, “should” advises more frequent contact with parents.
• “Should” here recommends contemplating alternative approaches.
• This is a suggestion aimed at a better environmental future.

“Must” for Stronger Necessity or Obligation

• “Must” indicates a firm deadline that is non-negotiable.
• Here, “must” emphasises the crucial nature of taking medication for health.
• The necessity of being punctual for the meeting is stressed by using “must.”
• This statement indicates an urgent need to act for environmental reasons.

As you can see, “should” is less forceful and is generally used for giving advice or making recommendations. In contrast, “must” implies a stronger sense of obligation or necessity. Choosing the appropriate modal verb can greatly influence the tone and meaning of your sentences.

Confusing “would” and “could”

These two modals are often confused by English learners. This is understandable because they can have slightly similar meanings. Both can be used in polite requests and both can appear in conditionals .

However, the main difference is that “could” shows possibility and “would” shows intention. For example:

• This shows the intention to do something.  
• This shows the possibility of being able to do it.

Confusing “can” and “would

These two modals are often confused. Again, it comes down to their basic function: “can” shows the ability to do something. Meanwhile, “would” has a range of uses as we can see above.

Here’s a visual lesson that I made for my social media followers:

Misplacing the Modal Verb

Sometimes, beginners struggle with placing a modal verb in a sentence.

• Incorrect: He swim can.
• Correct: He can swim.
• Incorrect: She drive should carefully.
• Here, “should” should be placed before the main verb “drive” to offer advice about driving.
• Incorrect: They must go will to college.
• “Must” should directly precede the main verb “go” to express necessity.
• Incorrect: You sing can well.
• The modal “can” should come before the main verb “sing” to indicate ability.
• Incorrect: He soon will arrive.
• “Will” should be placed right before “arrive” to denote future action.
• Incorrect: We may late be.
• The modal “may” should directly precede the main verb “be” to express possibility.

As shown, misplacing the modal verb can cause confusion and make the sentence grammatically incorrect. Ensure that the modal verb is placed right before the main verb to maintain the intended meaning and grammatical structure of the sentence.

In summary, understanding modal verbs is essential for mastering the English language. By knowing how to use them correctly, you can express a range of ideas—from possibility to obligation—clearly and efficiently.

Remember, the key is practice. The more you use them, the more natural they will become.

About The Author

David S. Wills

David S. Wills is the author of Scientologist! William S. Burroughs and the 'Weird Cult' and the founder/editor of Beatdom literary journal. He lives and works in rural Cambodia and loves to travel. He has worked as an IELTS tutor since 2010, has completed both TEFL and CELTA courses, and has a certificate from Cambridge for Teaching Writing. David has worked in many different countries, and for several years designed a writing course for the University of Worcester. In 2018, he wrote the popular IELTS handbook, Grammar for IELTS Writing and he has since written two other books about IELTS. His other IELTS website is called IELTS Teaching.

Related Posts

How to Use “Would” [English Grammar]

December 4, 2023

Omitting Relative Pronouns

March 17, 2018

Understanding the Possessive Form [English Grammar]

October 2, 2023

Agree With vs Agree To

July 23, 2020

Leave a reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed .

Download my IELTS Books

Recent Posts

• Past Simple vs Past Perfect
• Complex Sentences
• How to Score Band 9 [Video Lesson]
• Taxing Fast Food: Model IELTS Essay
• Airport Vocabulary

Recent Comments

• Daisey Lachut on IELTS Discussion Essays [Discuss Both Views/Sides]
• David S. Wills on Describe a Historical Period
• Siavash on Describe a Historical Period
• fabliha on IELTS Speaking Partners
• tufail khan on IELTS Discussion Essays [Discuss Both Views/Sides]
• Lesson Plans
• Model Essays
• TED Video Lessons
• Weekly Roundup

Modal Verbs

Perfect english grammar.

1: They don't use an 's' for the third person singular. 2: They make questions by inversion ('she can go' becomes 'can she go?'). 3: They are followed directly by the infinitive of another verb (without 'to').

Probability:

• It's snowing, so it must be very cold outside.
• I don't know where John is. He could have missed the train.
• This bill can't be right. £200 for two cups of coffee!
• She can speak six languages.
• My grandfather could play golf very well.
• I can't drive.

Obligation and Advice

• Children must do their homework.
• We have to wear a uniform at work.
• You should stop smoking.
• Could I leave early today, please?
• You may not use the car tonight.
• Can we swim in the lake?
• When I lived in Italy, we would often eat in the restaurant next to my flat.
• John will always be late!

Past modals

Hello! I'm Seonaid! I'm here to help you understand grammar and speak correct, fluent English.

Read more about our learning method

Have a thesis expert improve your writing

Check your thesis for plagiarism in 10 minutes, generate your apa citations for free.

• Knowledge Base
• What Is a Modal Verb? | Definition & Examples

What Is a Modal Verb? | Definition & Examples

Published on 14 February 2023 by Eoghan Ryan . Revised on 6 December 2023.

A modal verb (also called a modal auxiliary verb ) is used along with a main verb to express possibility, ability, permission, or necessity. For example, in the statement ‘you must leave’, ‘must’ is a modal verb indicating that it’s necessary for the subject (‘you’) to perform the action of the verb (‘leave’).

The modal verb ‘will’ is used to form the future tense, indicating an action that has not yet occurred (e.g., ‘I will clean the garage’).

Can you drive me to the airport?

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

Be assured that you'll submit flawless writing. Upload your document to correct all your mistakes.

Table of contents

How are modal verbs used in sentences, modal verbs list, modal verbs and auxiliary verbs, modal verbs and mood, other uses of modal verbs, other interesting language articles, frequently asked questions.

Modal verbs are used along with a main verb to indicate ability, necessity, possibility, and permission. In sentences containing modal verbs, the main verb typically takes the infinitive form. Modal verbs come before main verbs and never change form.

You may have as many cookies as you’d like.

The only proofreading tool specialized in correcting academic writing

The academic proofreading tool has been trained on 1000s of academic texts and by native English editors. Making it the most accurate and reliable proofreading tool for students.

Correct my document today

Below is a table that illustrates some of the various uses of modal verbs. Note that modal verbs are very commonly used in a wide variety of senses – this table doesn’t cover every possible usage.

Modal verbs are classed as a type of auxiliary verb . Auxiliary verbs are used along with a main verb to express tense, mood, or voice. However, unlike modal verbs, regular auxiliary verbs follow subject-verb agreement and must be conjugated for tense and mood.

Gordon has burned the toast.

Modal verbs can be used along with auxiliary verbs to refer to possible past, continuous, or future action.

When a modal verb is followed by another auxiliary verb (e.g., ‘have’, ‘be’), the main verb takes either the past participle form (typically ending in ‘-ed’, ‘-n’, or ‘-t’) or the present participle form (ending in ‘-ing’).

The modal verb ‘will’ is used in all aspects of the future tense (e.g., ‘I will talk’, ‘you will be travelling ‘).

You may be wondering what I mean.

The grammatical mood of a verb indicates the intention of the sentence. Modal verbs and auxiliary verbs are used along with a main verb to express mood.

Modal verbs have various other functions in English. They can also be used:

• In indirect speech
• In negative statements
• For emphasis

Indirect speech

Modal verbs are used in indirect speech to indicate what someone else said. While most modal verbs stay the same when used in indirect speech, the past form of some modal verbs is used instead (e.g., ‘can’ becomes ‘could’).

Negative statements

In negative statements containing modal verbs, the adverb ‘not’ comes immediately after the modal verb and before all other verbs. The negative form is often contracted (e.g., ‘would not’ becomes ‘wouldn’t’).

In everyday conversation, people sometimes place emphasis on a modal verb to refute a previous statement or question. The emphasised word is often italicised when written down.

If you want to know more about commonly confused words, definitions, common mistakes, and differences between US and UK spellings, make sure to check out some of our other language articles with explanations, examples, and quizzes.

Nouns & pronouns

• Common nouns
• Proper nouns
• Collective nouns
• Personal pronouns
• Uncountable and countable nouns
• Verb tenses
• Phrasal verbs
• Sentence structure
• Active vs passive voice
• Subject-verb agreement
• Interjections
• Determiners
• Prepositions

Modal verbs (also called modal auxiliary verbs ) are used along with a main verb to express ability, possibility, necessity, and permission. They are a type of auxiliary verb .

For example, in the statement “I can drive,” “can” is a modal verb indicating that the subject (“I”) has the ability to perform the action of the verb (“drive”).

“Would” is a modal verb that’s often used along with the auxiliary verb “have” to indicate that something was possible in the past but no longer is (e.g., “She would have been a professional athlete if she hadn’t broken her leg”). It can be contracted to “would’ve.”

People sometimes mistakenly write “would of” because of its similar pronunciation. However, “would of” is never correct.

“May” is a modal verb used to indicate possibility (e.g., “I may miss the bus”), make a request (e.g., “May I have a drink?”), or indicate permission (e.g., “You may sit down”).

Sources for this article

We strongly encourage students to use sources in their work. You can cite our article (APA Style) or take a deep dive into the articles below.

Ryan, E. (2023, December 06). What Is a Modal Verb? | Definition & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 9 April 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/verb/modal-verbs/

Aarts, B. (2011). Oxford modern English grammar . Oxford University Press.

Butterfield, J. (Ed.). (2015). Fowler’s dictionary of modern English usage (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.

Garner, B. A. (2016). Garner’s modern English usage (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.

Is this article helpful?

Eoghan Ryan

Other students also liked, what is an auxiliary verb | definition & examples, what is a linking verb | definition & examples, what is a transitive verb | examples, definition & quiz.

34 Grammar: Modal Verbs

What do you already know?

Read these sentences:

• She swims every day.
• She can swim every day
• She might swim every day

What is a modal verb?

What is a verb.

An verb expresses the action or state of the subject.

What does modal mean?

Modal refers to modality, or a way of doing, being, or experiencing something.

Therefore, a modal verb is a type of verb that contextually indicates a modality. That means it gives extra information depending upon the situation. It helps us to express our attitudes, obligations, and intentions. We can talk about likelihood and ability. We can give ask for permission and give advice.

Take another look

• Jorgen may use my car this weekend.
• Jorgen must use my car this weekend.
• Jorgen will use my car this weekend

How do you make a modal verb?

Modal verbs almost always accompany the base (infinitive) form of another verb using this simple formula: modal + (not) + verb. For example:

• She could sing very loudly.
• She could not sing very loudly.

What different meanings can you express with modal verbs?

Here are some common modal verbs with their meanings and examples:

INSTRUCTIONS: Choose one of these modal verbs to complete each sentence:  must, could, is supposed to, may, can, should, have to :

• You ______ use my car tonight. (permission)
• _____ you open the door? (request)
• It’s snowing, so it _____ be very cold outside. (probability)
• She ____ speak six languages. (ability)
• I need a new prescription; I _____ see a doctor right away. (necessity)
• Students _____ do their homework every day. (advice)
• The weather forecast says it ____ rain tonight. (prediction)

What makes modal verbs special?

First, modal verbs add meaning to another verb. You don’t usually use a modal verb by itself unless the main verb is implied or understood.

• Will Leo come to the party?
• Yes, he will . (the “come” is implied or understood)

Second, modal verbs do not change form for first, second, or third person.

• Leo says that he might come to the party.
• Leo and Lucas say that they might come to the party.

In the first sentence, Leo says …. he might … “Leo” requires a verb in the third person singular; in the present tense this means you add -s to the end. However, you don’t do this with modal verbs. Instead, you say “he might” (not he mights ).

Third, when you make a question, you start with the modal, just as we do with do/does, am/is/are, has/have.

• Can Leo and Lucas bring ice with them?

Finally, modal verbs are followed by the infinitive, or base form, of the other verb without the “to”.

• Leo and Lucas may to arrive late, but they said that they would to be happy to bring the ice.

What are some common ways you use modal verbs?

To be polite.

Compare these examples:

• Open the door.
• Can you open the door?
• Could you open the door?
• Could you open the door, please?
• Teacher, the quiz doesn’t work! It’s broken! Fix it!
• Teacher, the quiz might not be working correctly. It may be broken. Could you take a look at it, please? I would appreciate it very much. Thank you!

According to Macmillan American Dictionary , hedging is “the use of words and phrases that make what you are saying less certain or definite.” Why would you want to do this? Sometimes you will want to present information but leave room for it to change if you learn more details later. You want to say something, but you want to allow room for error. Hedging softens your claims. Keith Folse, a famous grammar teacher, explains it like this:

What are some common errors writers make when using modal verbs?

Here’s one ….

• The newspaper should to correct its errors in the story about the elephant.

You don’t use “to” as part of the infinitive/base form. You use this formula: conditional + (not) + infinitive/base form without the “to”.

Here’s another …

• COVID was might have been responsible for more deaths than heart disease last year.

You should hedge (use modals) when you want to be clear that we are not 100% sure, or if you wish to leave room for doubt or correction.

Here’s one more …

Modal verbs are a great way to write in the third person. By removing the I, we , and you points of view (first person and second person), it gives your writing a more formal, academic, and objective tone. Here’s an example:

• I think Portland has more immigrants than Cleveland, but I don’t know for sure.
• Portland may have more immigrants than Cleveland.

You can state information as a concise fact, but you can use a modal verb to show that you don’t know for sure.

INSTRUCTIONS: Choose a modal verb to complete each sentence. Note: Most sentences will have more than one right answer.

• __________I use your cell phone, please? I need to call my employer to say I will be late.
• You __________write an essay of at least 5 paragraphs in order to explain your idea fully.
• You __________write more than 300 words for that scholarship application. The computer won’t let you type that many words.
• John __________speak so quickly. It’s difficult to understand him.
• She __________play the piano well because she has had many years of lessons.
• Please excuse me, but I __________go now. I am tired.

INSTRUCTIONS: Use the information above to choose the best answer for each question below.

1. Rewrite the following sentence as a question. Remember to use correct capitalization and punctuation.

• Jori’s mother can cook well.

2. Put the modals in order according to strength. 1=weakest; 5=strongest

3. Plagiarism is not allowed in U.S. colleges. You ____ not do it.

A. would B. must C. might D. could

4. Which modal verb expresses advice?

A. should B. may C. would D. must

5. Which of the following sentences uses a modal verb form incorrectly?

A We returned home late last night after driving for many hours. B. There are so many clouds in the sky that I think it might rain soon. C. You must to stop your dog barking. It is too loud. D. Your coffee must be cold by now; let me give you a fresh cup.

6. Rewrite the question below as a statement. Remember to use correct capitalization and punctuation.

• Will the bus arrive at 5:35?

7. Modals are often used in academic writing to “hedge” their claims. What does “hedge” mean?

A. to protect oneself from risks, especially financial ones B. to provide a border or boundary, like a hedge in a garden C. to buy and sell shares in such a way that the risk of losing money is low D. to soften a claim, to show tentativeness, to allow room to be proved wrong

8. Which of the words below is NOT a modal verb?

A. should B. might C. can D. was

9. What is the formula for using modal verbs?

A. modal + (not) + infinitive/base form (no “to”) B. modal + (not) + to + infinitive/base form C. verb + (not) + modal + participle D. to + infinitive/base form + (not) + modal

10. A modal verb can convey more information about the main verb.

A. True B. False

Use these resources to study more about modal verbs:

Coalescence Copyright © 2023 by Timothy Krause is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

Modal verbs and their meaning

What are modal verbs.

Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verb s, and modal auxiliaries ) are special verbs that behave irregularly in English. They are different from normal verbs like "work, play, visit..." They give additional information about the function of the main verb that follows it. They have a great variety of communicative functions .

Here are some characteristics of modal verbs:

• They never change their form. You can't add "s", "ed", or "ing"...
• They are always followed by an infinitive without "to" (i.e., the bare infinitive.)
• They are used to indicate modality and allow speakers to express certainty, possibility, willingness, obligation, necessity, ability

List of modal verbs

Here is a list of modal verbs:

The verbs or expressions dare , ought to , had better , and need not behave like modal auxiliaries to a large extent and may be added to the above list

Use of modal verbs

Modal verbs are used to express functions such as:

• Prohibition
• Lack of necessity
• possibility
• probability

Examples of modal verbs

Here is a list of modals with examples:

Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without "to", also called the bare infinitive.

• You must stop when the traffic lights turn red.
• You should see the doctor.
• There are a lot of tomatoes in the fridge. You need not buy any.

Related pages

• Modal verbs
• Present and past of modals
• Modals for Obligation
• Must and have to
• Shall and will
• Is need a modal verb?
• Exercise on modals
• Exercise on modals in the past
• Exercise on modals: mustn't or needn't
• Exercise on have to vs don't have to
• Exercise on Modals for Obligation: must, mustn't, don't have/doesn't have to
• Exercise on the meaning of modals

Quick Links

Awesome links you may like.

What are idioms? And how can idioms help you become a fluent speaker? Discover a list of the most widely used idiomatic expressions!

Phrasal verbs are generally used in spoken English and informal texts. Check out our list of hundreds of phrasal verbs classified in alphabetical order.

Do you want to provide emphasis, freshness of expression, or clarity to your writing? Check out this list of figures of speech!

Do you need to learn the irregular verbs in English? Here is a list of irregular verbs with definitions and examples!

Free English Grammar Lessons and Exercises

Study pages.

• Phrasal verbs
• Figures of speech
• Study Skills
• Global tests
• Business English
• Dictionaries
• Studying in the USA
• Visit the world
• Shared resources
• Teaching materials

Latest Blog Posts

Learn english the fun way, efl and esl community.

Subscribe and get the latest news and useful tips, advice and best offer.

• English Grammar
• Parts of Speech
• Modal Verbs

Modal Verbs – Meaning, Usage & Examples

Learn all about modal verbs and their usage in sentences. Check out the examples and the practice exercise to have a better idea.

Table of Contents

What are modal verbs, examples of modal verbs.

• How to Use Modal Verbs in Sentences?

Test Your Knowledge of Modal Verbs

Frequently asked questions on modal verbs in english grammar.

Modal verbs are helping verbs that are used along with main verbs to represent the ability, possibility and probability of a subject to do an action and emphasise the necessity of an action.

Let us look at some examples of modal verbs used as auxiliary verbs and their functions.

How to Use Modal Verbs in Sentences

Given below are a few examples of how modal verbs can be used to indicate the possibility or probability of an action taking place.

• It might rain in the evening.
• I think they will reach Coimbatore by 8 pm.
• Can you pick up my brother from school on your way home tomorrow?
• I could make some time to help you with your assignments.
• Your friends may come to visit you next week.
• It would not be possible for you to complete all of it by tomorrow evening.

Here are some examples of modal verbs being used to show the necessity and obligation of the subject to perform a particular set of actions.

• All students of this institution ought to abide by the rules and instructions provided.
• All employees should follow the dress code strictly.
• You must get yourself checked before the situation becomes worse.
• Your sister will have to apply for a leave request if she wants to take a month’s leave.

Modal verbs can be used to make offers, suggestions and requests. Check out the examples given below for know-how.

• It would be better if you did it the other way.
• I could help you if you want.
• Shall I bring you some water to drink?
• Could you please pass me the science record?
• Will you please take care of my son for an hour? I have some grocery shopping to be done.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verb in the following sentences:

1. ________ you be able to bring your camera when you come?

2. Priya __________ apologise for the confusion that was caused yesterday because of her carelessness.

3. You _______ finish this first and then start with the other one.

4. ________ I make some tea for you?

5. I ______ make sure to keep everything ready by the time they reach the railway station.

6. You _______ see to it that the students are standing according to their roll numbers.

7. ______ I come in?

8. She _______ find it interesting as she likes reading adventure stories.

9. Do you have any idea how much all of this _______ cost?

10. ______ you please help me find my keys?

Ready to find out if you used the right modal verbs? Let us check.

1. Would you be able to bring your camera when you come?

2. Priya should/ought to apologise for the confusion that was caused yesterday because of her carelessness.

3. You could finish this first and then start with the other one.

4. Shall I make some tea for you?

5. I will make sure to keep everything ready by the time they reach the railway station.

6. You must see to it that the students are standing according to their roll numbers.

7. Can/Shall/May I come in?

8. She might find it interesting as she likes reading adventure stories.

9. Do you have any idea how much all of this would cost?

10. Can/Would/Could/Will you please help me find my keys?

What are modal verbs?

What are the examples of modal verbs.

Will, would, can, could, may, might, shall, should, must, ought to are the modal verbs in the English language.

How do you use modal verbs in sentences?

Here are some examples of how you can use modal verbs in sentences.

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Request OTP on Voice Call

Post My Comment

• Share Share

Register with BYJU'S & Download Free PDFs

Register with byju's & watch live videos.

ESSAY SAUCE

FOR STUDENTS : ALL THE INGREDIENTS OF A GOOD ESSAY

Modal verbs

A modal verb is a verb which is used with another verb to express such ideas as possibility, ability, and necessity, e.g. computers can perform a wide range of tasks. Modal verbs in English can present some difficulties for learners. They occur quite frequently in the academic context and the range and variety of their use can make understanding and using them correctly quite a challenge.

The nine main modal verbs express a range of meanings, which may differ very subtly.

Modal verbs are used to indicate the writer’s or speaker’s attitude to what he or she is writing or saying. There are three main categories of meaning.

• possibility/ability/permission
• obligation/necessity
• intention/prediction

Expressing possibility, ability and permission

The most common meaning for modal verbs in the category of possibility, ability and permission is logical possibility: indicating what is or is not possible from what we know about a situation. All four modals in this category (can, could, may, might) are used in this way.

Can is frequently used to indicate ability.

The use of can and may to ask or give someone permission is common in speech but rare in formal writing, because it involves personal interaction.

Expressing obligation and necessity, intention and prediction

In the category of modal verbs expressing obligation and necessity there are two main meanings found in formal writing. The first meaning is that of personal obligation; the writer states what he/she and perhaps the reader is obliged to do/believe etc. using a modal verb such as must or should.

The second meaning is that of logical necessity; the writer states what he/she wants the reader to conclude from the information presented using a modal verb such as must or should.

Using modal verbs to express intention and prediction clearly relates to future time. This is a large and complex area of English grammar, and here the focus is on the modals will, would and shall; how they are used and how they can be distinguished.

will and would are commonly used in formal writing to predict future events or states that are not caused by anyone. Very often the period or point in time is not mentioned.

shall is used to indicate the writer’s personal intention. This is a formal and conventional use of this modal.

Helpful sites for practice

Online English Grammar http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/index.cfm Online grammar explanations with examples.

Gerunds and Infinitives http://www.reocities.com/gwyni_99/gerinfless.html Grammar explanation plus links to practice exercises and a useful verb list.

Gerunds, Participle and Infinitives http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_verbals.html Detailed information with practice in this area of grammar.

Language and Learning Online http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/index.xml A comprehensive set of resources for grammar. Provided by Monash University, Australia.

Dependent Prepositions http://www.wordskills.com/general/prepositions.pdf A pdf reference list of common dependent prepositions.

British Council Learnenglish Grammar Games http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/grammar-games Grammar games to practise most aspects of grammar.

Grammar Terms Quiz http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/bl_grammarterms.htm Test your knowledge of grammar terminology by matching examples to grammar terms.

Using English.com – Glossary of grammatical terms http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary.html A comprehensive online glossary of grammatical terms.

Englishpage.com http://www.englishpage.com/index.html Grammar practice website.

Englishclub.com http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/index.htm Grammar practice website.

SOURCE: The Open University, 2011

Essay Categories:

• Accounting essays
• Architecture essays
• Business essays
• Computer science essays
• Criminology essays
• Economics essays
• Education essays
• Engineering essays
• English language essays
• Environmental studies essays
• Essay examples
• Finance essays
• Geography essays
• Health essays
• History essays
• Hospitality and tourism essays
• Human rights essays
• Information technology essays
• International relations
• Leadership essays
• Linguistics essays
• Literature essays
• Management essays
• Marketing essays
• Mathematics essays
• Media essays
• Medicine essays
• Military essays
• Miscellaneous essays
• Music Essays
• Nursing essays
• Philosophy essays
• Photography and arts essays
• Politics essays
• Project management essays
• Psychology essays
• Religious studies and theology essays
• Sample essays
• Science essays
• Social work essays
• Sociology essays
• Sports essays
• Types of essay
• Zoology essays

Want to create or adapt books like this? Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices.

5.6 Modal Auxiliaries

Learning objectives.

• Define and identify modal auxiliaries.
• Learn how and when to use modal auxiliaries.

We all need to express our moods and emotions, both in writing and in our everyday life. We do this by using modal auxiliaries .

Modal Auxiliaries

Modal auxiliaries are a type of helping verb that are used only with a main verb to help express its mood.

The following is the basic formula for using a modal auxiliary:

There are ten main modal auxiliaries in English.

Table 5.11 Modal Auxiliaries

Use the following format to form a yes-no question with a modal auxiliary:

Be aware of these four common errors when using modal auxiliaries:

Using an infinitive instead of a base verb after a modal

Incorrect: I can to move this heavy table.

Correct: I can move this heavy table.

Using a gerund instead of an infinitive or a base verb after a modal

Incorrect: I could moving to the United States.

Correct: I could move to the United States.

Using two modals in a row

Incorrect: I should must renew my passport.

Correct: I must renew my passport.

Correct : I should renew my passport.

Leaving out a modal

Incorrect: I renew my passport.

Edit the following paragraph by correcting the common modal auxiliary errors.

Modals and Present Perfect Verbs

In the previous section, we defined present perfect verb tense as describing a continuing situation or something that has just happened.

Remember, when a sentence contains a modal auxiliary before the verb, the helping verb is always have .

Be aware of the following common errors when using modal auxiliaries in the present perfect tense:

Using had instead of have

Incorrect: Jamie would had attended the party, but he was sick.

Correct: Jamie would have attended the party, but he was sick.

Leaving out have

Incorrect: Jamie would attended the party, but he was sick.

On a separate sheet of paper, complete the following sentences by changing the given verb form to a modal auxiliary in present perfect tense.

• The man ________ (laugh).
• The frogs ________ (croak).
• My writing teacher ________ (smile).
• The audience ________ (cheer) all night.
• My best friend ________ (giggled).

Key Takeaways

The basic formula for using a modal auxiliary is

• There are ten main modal auxiliaries in English: can , could , may , might , shall , should , will , would , must , and ought to .
• The four common types of errors when using modals include the following: using an infinitive instead of a base verb after a modal, using a gerund instead of an infinitive or a base verb after a modal, using two modals in a row, and leaving out a modal.
• In the present perfect tense, when a sentence has a modal auxiliary before the verb, the helping verb is always have .
• The two common errors when using modals in the present perfect tense include using had instead of have and leaving out have .

Writing Application

On a separate sheet of paper, write ten original sentences using modal auxiliaries.

Writing For Success Copyright © 2015 by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

Modals Verbs Exercises with Answers in English

Modal Verbs Exercises are really useful for learning how to use special verbs in English. These exercises help you practice verbs like can, could, may, might, must, and should. Doing Modal Verbs worksheets  is important for speaking and writing English well. They teach you how to express things like ability, asking for permission, and giving advice. This is a big part of everyday English. These exercises are perfect for anyone who wants to get better at using these important verbs correctly and confidently.

Table of Contents

Modals Verbs Exercises

Modals verbs exercise 1.

Fill in the blanks using Modal Verbs.

• You ____________ eat vegetables for good health.
• She ____________ play the guitar very well.
• We ____________ visit the zoo on Saturday.
• He ____________ help with the dishes after dinner.
• They ____________ go to the park after school.
• I ____________ finish my homework before bedtime.
• It ____________ snow tomorrow, so wear a coat.
• You ____________ drink water every day.
• We ____________ watch a movie tonight.
• She ____________ ride a bike without training wheels.
• Students ____________ listen to the teacher in class.
• The boss ____________ give you a day off if you ask.
• You ____________ look both ways before crossing.
• He ____________ fix the broken toy.
• They ____________ bring a gift to the party.
• I ____________ visit my grandparents next weekend.
• We ____________ be polite to our friends.
• It ____________ be hot in the summer.
• You ____________ take an umbrella just in case.
• She ____________ start the puzzle from the corner.
• We ____________ turn off the lights before leaving.
• He ____________ be more careful with his toys.
• The team ____________ try their best to win.
• You ____________ say “please” and “thank you.”
• It ____________ be fun to learn a new instrument.

                                      Scroll down to See Answers

Modals Verbs Exercise 2

Choose the Correct Modal Verbs to Complete each Sentence.

• You ____________ (can/must) play outside after dinner.
• She ____________ (should/could) bring her umbrella just in case.
• We ____________ (may/should) watch a movie tonight.
• He ____________ (will/might) help with the cleaning.
• They ____________ (could/should) finish their chores first.
• I ____________ (must/can) be home by 8 p.m.
• It ____________ (may/will) snow tomorrow, so wear warm clothes.
• You ____________ (should/must) say “thank you” when someone helps you.
• We ____________ (might/should) try the new restaurant downtown.
• She ____________ (can/may) bring a friend to the party.
• Students ____________ (must/should) listen carefully in class.
• The boss ____________ (may/will) approve the proposal soon.
• You ____________ (must/should) always brush your teeth before bed.
• He ____________ (can/may) choose a book from the library.
• They ____________ (could/should) start their homework early.
• I ____________ (must/will) finish this puzzle today.
• We ____________ (may/should) try the new recipe for dinner.
• It ____________ (may/could) rain, so take an umbrella.
• You ____________ (should/might) wear a helmet when biking.
• She ____________ (could/should) help set the table.
• We ____________ (must/should) recycle our plastic bottles.
• He ____________ (may/should) apologize for his mistake.
• The team ____________ (could/will) practice hard for the game.
• You ____________ (may/should) ask for permission before using my phone.
• It ____________ (might/could) be fun to learn a new instrument.

                                  Scroll down to See Answers

Answer of Exercise 1:

Answer of exercise 2:.

You May Also Like:

• Types of Verbs, Definition and Examples
•  List of Modal Verbs with Examples 
• Punctuation Rules with Examples 
• Present Continuous Tense Worksheets

25 Fill in the blanks of Modals Verbs Exercises 25 Mcqs of Modals Verbs Exercises Choose the Correct Modal Verbs to Complete each Sentence Exercises of Modals Verbs with Answers Modal verbs Worksheets Modals Verbs Exercises with Answers Modals verbs Mcqs Modals Verbs Worksheets with Answers Worksheet of Modals Verbs

Punctuation Worksheets and Exercises with Answers in English

Subject Verb Agreement Worksheets and Exercises with Answers

Copyright © 2024 by englishan

Username or Email Address

Remember Me

Forgot password?

Enter your account data and we will send you a link to reset your password.

Your password reset link appears to be invalid or expired.

Privacy policy.

To use social login you have to agree with the storage and handling of your data by this website. %privacy_policy%

Add to Collection

Public collection title

Private collection title

No Collections

Here you'll find all collections you've created before.

BusyTeacher.org

Modal verbs:.