job application process essay

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• Job Application Documents

How to Write a Job Application Essay

Last Updated: April 9, 2024 References

This article was co-authored by Shannon O'Brien, MA, EdM and by wikiHow staff writer, Jennifer Mueller, JD . Shannon O'Brien is the Founder and Principal Advisor of Whole U. (a career and life strategy consultancy based in Boston, MA). Through advising, workshops and e-learning Whole U. empowers people to pursue their life's work and live a balanced, purposeful life. Shannon has been ranked as the #1 Career Coach and #1 Life Coach in Boston, MA by Yelp reviewers. She has been featured on Boston.com, Boldfacers, and the UR Business Network. She received a Master's of Technology, Innovation, & Education from Harvard University. There are 8 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been viewed 196,285 times.

Many employers now require a writing sample, or job application essay , to accompany all applications or résumés — even if writing is not a significant part of the position. The goal of the job application essay is to ensure that applicants have the right communication skills for the position offered. Sometimes, potential employers will provide a specific topic or series of questions for your essay to respond to. However, you may also be asked to provide an essay with no guidance whatsoever. Either way, approach the essay seriously so that it highlights the skills and assets you could bring to the company. [1] X Research source

Outlining Your Essay

• If you don't know much about the company, do a little research on it before you start writing. You might look at their website or do a general internet search with the name of the company to see if any news articles or other reports come up. Go beyond the four corners of the job listing so that you understand who will likely be reading your essay.
• If there's anything in the job listing or essay requirements that you don't understand, contact the employer and ask about them. Employers are often impressed by applicants who clarify the employer's intent rather than making assumptions.

• For example, if you're applying for a position in sales, you might want to write an essay about your ability to tailor your pitch to specific clients and close the deal. If you have the ability to be more creative, you might tailor your essay to "sell" yourself directly to the employer.

• For each of your points, think of a specific example you can relate briefly that illustrates the point. For example, if you've described yourself as a "team player," you might include an example of how you came in on your day off to complete some of the more monotonous tasks that no one else wanted to do so a project could be completed ahead of schedule.
• It's a good idea to have more than one example in your outline for each point, even if you only end up using one. That way, if you start writing something and it ends up not working as well as you thought it would, you'll have a back-up handy.
• Brainstorming can be difficult. If you find yourself churning over the same thoughts, stand up and take a break for a few minutes. Step outside or go for a walk to clear your head, then come back to it.

• For example, if you want to describe how you increased sales in a specific quarter, you would want to state specifically how much you increased sales. Your former employer may have sales figures that you could ask them for. You might also have that information in your records.
• Wherever possible, use specific numbers and dates rather than making general statements. It's okay to estimate, but make sure your estimate is conservative. Saying you led your sales team to the highest sales in a quarter is impressive — but only if it's true.

Completing Your Rough Draft

• Think of this paragraph as telling the hiring manager what you're going to tell them in the essay. Outline the points you're going to elaborate on in the essay that back up your theme or thesis statement.
• Sometimes it's best to go back and write your introduction after you've written the body of your essay. That way, you can make sure the introduction provides an outline that matches the body.

• If the employer listed specifically what should be included in your essay, follow their order, since that's what they'll be looking for when they read the essay.
• Write in the first person and make yourself the star of any anecdote you include as an example. Use action verbs to focus on what you did rather than focusing on what happened and how you reacted to it. [7] X Trustworthy Source University of North Carolina Writing Center UNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process Go to source

• For example, if you're writing about your skills as a team player, you might note that you discuss doing routine work that others found monotonous so they had time to work on other parts of a project. You could use that detail to move on to a section describing how you're detail-oriented.

• For example, you might write "My business school education, skills as a team player, and focus on detail make me the best candidate to lead your sales team."

Finalizing Your Essay

• For example, you might start by looking solely at punctuation, then read through again focusing on spelling.
• If you find that you tend to repeat a particular error, go through your essay looking for that error specifically.
• If your grammar isn't particularly strong or you're writing in a language other than your native language, have someone else read over your essay as well.

• If you find that you stumble over a sentence while reading aloud, that's a sign that your writing could be clearer. Work with your text until you have something that you can read aloud with ease.

• If the prospective employer did not specify a length, try to keep your essay under 2 double-spaced pages. Remember that hiring managers are busy and don't have a lot of time to read a long, rambling essay.
• Eliminate all unnecessary words or sentences that aren't relevant to the subject of your essay. The majority of your sentences should be short, declarative sentences with action verbs.
• Apps such as Hemingway ( http://www.hemingwayapp.com/ ) or Grammarly ( https://app.grammarly.com/ ) can help you identify portions of your essay that are more difficult to read. Both of these apps have a free version that you can use to edit your text.

• Working backward is particularly helpful for noticing spelling mistakes, especially hard-to-catch homophone errors, because you're seeing the word out of context.

• It may also help to print your essay in a different font or font size than what you used to type it. This breaks your brain's familiarity with the text, which can make typos and other errors more noticeable. Just remember to change the font back after you print it.

Job Application Essay

Expert Q&A

• Give yourself plenty of time to work on your essay. Ideally, you should plan to work on it over the course of at least two days, so you have the time to set it aside after writing before you move to the editing and proofreading stage. [15] X Research source Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

• Unless you're applying for a position in a political or religious organization, avoid including anything in your essay that identifies your political or religious preferences or beliefs. [16] X Research source Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• Avoid using humor, especially sarcasm or ironic humor, as it can be misconstrued in text. Additionally, humor may lead the hiring manager to believe that you aren't serious about the position. [17] X Research source Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://www.monster.com/career-advice/article/writing-sample-job-application
• ↑ https://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2012/04/30/essay-how-write-good-applications-jobs-or-grants
• ↑ Shannon O'Brien, MA, EdM. Life & Career Coach. Expert Interview. 25 May 2021.
• ↑ https://www.govloop.com/community/blog/government-job-application-essays-made-easy/
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/application-essays/
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/editing-and-proofreading/
• ↑ https://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/proofreading-tips
• ↑ https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/career-transitions/200906/the-dreaded-writing-sample

About This Article

Job application essays can seem scary, but they’re really just an opportunity for you to highlight your skills and explain why you’re suitable for the role. Read the job listing to find out what traits and skills the company is looking for, like time management, working under pressure, and leadership. If you don’t know much about the company, read through its website and do an online search to find articles about its work. In your introduction, you’ll want to to describe yourself and introduce the main points you’ll be making. Then, write a paragraph for each trait or skill. Use real life examples from previous jobs, your recent studies, or extracurricular activities to support your points. For example, you could highlight your leadership skills by talking about a time you led a group project that exceeded your targets. For more tips, including how to write a compelling conclusion for your job application essay, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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A Step-by-Step Guide to the Job Application Process

When you’re in the middle of it, the job application process can seem both mysterious and frustrating. What should you include in a job application, resume, or cover letter?

How many interviews should you expect to participate in—and how many interviewers will be at each one? Is there anything else you'll need to do as part of the hiring process? And finally, how can you know when you’re approaching the end of the process and a possible job offer?

It’s easier to deal with the waiting—and the possible anxiety —when you know how the job application process works. While every company does things a little differently, most employers use some variation on the standard. This step-by-step guide will tell you everything you need to know about the job application process, including:

• How to apply for jobs
• How to customize your resume and cover letter for each opportunity
• How to complete a job application
• How to handle pre-employment screening, testing, and background checks
• How to ace your interview

The length of the job application process (from applying to accepting a job offer) varies based on the role and the employer. It can be a lengthy process, so don't get discouraged if it takes longer than you expected.

Follow these steps to help organize your job search. 

Get Your Resume Ready

Many companies require a resume and a cover letter in addition to a job application. When you submit a resume with your job application, it is important that your resume is well-organized and polished.

You also want to be sure that your resume is a match for the job you are applying for. Personalize your resume for every job application.  

Write a Cover Letter

A cover letter is a document that explains why your skills and experiences make you a good fit for a job. This document may be required as part of the job application process. If it's optional, including a cover letter is the best way to pitch your case for an interview.

Again, make sure that your cover letter is tailored to the specific job listing. Learn how to write a cover letter and what to include, plus review cover letter examples and templates.

Apply for Jobs

You can apply for jobs online, via email, or in person. No matter what job you are applying for, be sure to follow the company's specific directions for filling out the application.

Learn how to write a job application letter , how to apply for a job online , how to fill out a job application, and tips and advice for applying for jobs. Plus, see a job application sample letter to use when you’re writing your own customized document.

Screening Your Job Application

Companies often use applicant tracking software (ATS) to recruit, screen, hire, track, and manage applicants for employment. Therefore, your application is likely to be screened to determine if you are a match for the job.

The software will match up the information in the job applications that are submitted with the position requirements for the job. Those candidates who are the closest match will be interviewed.

Employment Tests

Employers often use pre-employment tests and other selection procedures to screen applicants for hire. The types of tests and selection procedures utilized include talent assessment tests , cognitive tests, personality tests, medical examinations, credit checks , and background checks .

Some tests are conducted as part of the job application process, and others will take place further along in the hiring process , after the interview and prior to a job offer.

Interview Process

If you are selected for an interview, you will be invited to talk to a recruiter, hiring manager, or employer on the phone or in person (or both). The company may conduct several interviews prior to offering the leading candidate the job.

Some interviews are one-on-one, while others are in small groups . Learn more about how the interview process works at most companies. 

Hiring Process

From the time you apply for a job until the time you accept a job offer, you will go through a series of steps as you progress through the hiring process. Learn more about each step in the hiring process , including what happens after the job interview if you're a contender for the position.

When you receive a job offer , you're close to the end of the process. However, you don't need to accept the job, at least right away, if you're not sure whether it is the best opportunity for you.

It's important to take the time to evaluate the offer carefully, so you are making an educated decision to accept , decline , or renegotiate the offer. 

New Hire Paperwork

Once you have accepted a job offer, it's time for the new hire paperwork you'll need to complete to get on the payroll, which may include eligibility to work forms, tax withholding forms, and company-specific paperwork. Learn what information you'll need to provide to your new employer, so that you can have your materials ready to go.

Want to create or adapt books like this? Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices.

17 Job Applications, Resumes, and Cover Letters

Sonji Nicholas

What you’ll learn to do: e xplore factors in the job application process

One important key to success is self-confidence. An important key to self-confidence is preparation. —Arthur Ashe, champion tennis player

By the end of this section, you will be able to explain the purpose and contents of a résumé.  You will also be able to recognize characteristics of effective résumés and cover letters. You will become familiar with the interview process including preparation and communication strategies for different types of interviews.

Writing Effective Résumés

Learning outcomes.

• Describe strategies for writing an effective résumé

A résumé is a written picture of who you are—it’s a marketing tool, a selling tool, and a promotion of you as an ideal candidate for any job you may be interested in.

The word résumé comes from the French word résumé , which means “a summary.” Leonardo da Vinci is credited with writing one of the first known résumés, although it was more of a letter that outlined his credentials for a potential employer, Ludovico Sforza. The résumé got da Vinci the job, though, and Sforza became a longtime patron of da Vinci and later commissioned him to paint The Last Supper . You can see the letter and read the translation at Ladders Career Advice .

Résumés and cover letters work together to represent you in the brightest light to prospective employers. With a well-composed résumé and cover letter, you stand out—which may get you an interview and then a good shot at landing a job.

In this section, we discuss résumés and cover letters as key components of your career development tool kit. We explore some of the many ways you can design and develop them for the greatest impact in your job search.

Your Résumé: Purpose and Contents

Your résumé is an inventory of your education, work experience, job-related skills, accomplishments, volunteer history, internships, residencies, and/or more. It’s a professional autobiography in outline form to give the person who reads it a quick, general idea of who you are. With a better idea of who you are, prospective employers can see how well you might contribute to their workplace.

As a college student or recent graduate, though, you may be unsure about what to put in your résumé, especially if you don’t have much employment history. Still, employers don’t expect recent grads to have significant work experience. And even with little work experience, you may still have a host of worthy accomplishments to include. It’s all in how you present yourself.

The following video is an animated look at why résumés are so important.

You can view the transcript for “WHY DO I NEED A RESUME?” here (opens in new window) .

Elements of Your Successful Résumé

Perhaps the hardest part of writing a résumé is figuring out what format to use to organize and present your information in the most effective way. There is no correct format, per se, but most résumés follow one of the four formats below. Which format appeals to you the most?

• Reverse chronological résumé : A reverse chronological résumé (sometimes also simply called a chronological résumé) lists your job experiences in reverse chronological order—that is, starting with the most recent job and working backward toward your first job. It includes starting and ending dates. Also included is a brief description of the work duties you performed for each job, and highlights of your formal education. The reverse chronological résumé may be the most common and perhaps the most conservative résumé format. It is most suitable for demonstrating a solid work history and growth and development in your skills. It may not suit you if you are light on skills in the area you are applying to, if you’ve changed employers frequently, or if you are looking for your first job. See  Reverse Chronological Résumé Examples .
• Functional résumé : A functional résumé is organized around your talents, skills, and abilities (more so than work duties and job titles, as with the reverse chronological résumé). It emphasizes specific professional capabilities, like what you have done or what you can do. Specific dates may be included but are not as important. So if you are a new graduate entering your field with little or no actual work experience, the functional résumé may be a good format for you. It can also be useful when you are seeking work in a field that differs from what you have done in the past. It’s also well suited for people in unconventional careers. See  Functional Résumé Examples .
• Hybrid résumé : The hybrid résumé is a format reflecting both the functional and chronological approaches. It’s also called a combination résumé. It highlights relevant skills, but it still provides information about your work experience. With a hybrid résumé, you may list your job skills as most prominent and then follow with a chronological (or reverse chronological) list of employers. This résumé format is most effective when your specific skills and job experience need to be emphasized. See  Hybrid Résumé Examples .
• Video, infographic, and Website résumé : Other formats you may wish to consider are the video résumé, the infographic résumé, or even a website résumé. These formats may be most suitable for people in multimedia and creative careers. Certainly with the expansive use of technology today, a job seeker might at least try to create a media-enhanced résumé. But the paper-based, traditional résumé is by far the most commonly used—in fact, some human resource departments may not permit submission of any format other than paper based. See  Video Resume Examples ; and Web-Site Résumé Examples .

An important note about formatting is that, initially, employers may spend only a few seconds reviewing each résumé—especially if there is a big stack of them or they seem tedious to read. That’s why it’s important to choose your format carefully so it will stand out and make the first cut.

Writing an Effective Résumé

For many people, the process of writing a résumé is daunting. After all, you are taking a lot of information and condensing it into a very concise form that needs to be both eye-catching and easy to read. Don’t be scared off, though! Developing a good résumé can be fun, rewarding, and easier than you think if you follow a few basic guidelines. In the following video, a résumé-writing expert describes some keys to success.

You can view the transcript for “Resume Tutorial” here (opens in new window) .

Contents and Components to Include

• Your contact information : name, address, phone number, and professional email address
• A summary of your skills : five to ten skills you have gained in your field; you can list hard skills as well as soft skills (refer to the professional, skill-building topic in this course)
• Work experience : depending on the résumé format you choose, you may list your most recent job first; include the title of the position, employer’s name, location, employment dates (beginning, ending)
• Volunteer experience:  any relevant volunteer experience should be listed on your resume to best showcase your skills and interests.
• Education and training : formal and informal experiences matter; include academic degrees, professional development, certificates, internships, etc.
• References statement (optional): “References available upon request” is a standard phrase used on résumés, although it is often implied
• Other sections : may include a job objective, a brief profile, a branding statement, a summary statement, additional accomplishments, and any other related experiences

Résumés resemble snowflakes in as much as no two are alike. Although you can benefit from giving yours a stamp of individuality, you will do well to steer clear of personal details that might elicit a negative response. It is advisable to omit any confidential information or details that could make you vulnerable to discrimination, for instance. Your résumé will likely be viewed by a number of employees in an organization, including human resource personnel, managers, administrative staff, etc. By aiming to please all reviewers, you gain maximum advantage.

• Do not mention your age, gender, height, or weight.
• Do not include your social security number.
• Do not mention religious beliefs or political affiliations, unless they are relevant to the position.
• Do not include a photograph of yourself or a physical description.
• Do not mention health issues.
• Do not use first-person references ( I , me ).
• Do not include wage/salary expectations.
• Do not use abbreviations.
• Proofread carefully—absolutely no spelling mistakes are acceptable.

Top Ten Tips for a Successful Résumé

• Aim to make a résumé that’s one to two pages long on letter-size paper.
• Make it visually appealing.
• Use action verbs and phrases. See Action Words and Phrases for Résumé Development .
• Proofread carefully to eliminate any spelling, grammar, punctuation, and typographical errors.
• Include highlights of your qualifications or skills to attract an employer’s attention.
• Craft your letter as a pitch to people in the profession you plan to work in.
• Stand out as different, courageous.
• Be positive and reflect only the truth.
• Be excited and optimistic about your job prospects!
• Keep refining and reworking your résumé; it’s an ongoing project.

Remember that your résumé is your professional profile. It will hold you in the most professional and positive light, and it’s designed to be a quick and easy way for a prospective employer to evaluate what you might bring to a job. When written and formatted attractively, creatively, and legibly, your résumé is what will get your foot in the door. You can be proud of your accomplishments, even if they don’t seem numerous. Let your résumé reflect your personal pride and professionalism.

FSW has a resume building tool called Career Coach which can be accessed here:  Career Coach

Additional Résumé Writing Resources

Your résumé: it’s like online dating.

The following essay by Jackie Vetrano is an excerpt from Foundations of Academic Success: Words of Wisdom . It’s a true-to-life story comparing job hunting to online dating. The writer’s “lessons learned” are meant to enlarge your awareness of your career goals as you attend college.

It’s Like Online Dating

Searching for a job, especially your first job, is a lot like online dating. It begins as a time commitment, gets nerve-wracking towards the middle, but ends in success and happiness if you follow the right process.

Like many single people with access to current technology, I ventured into the world of online dating. I went for coffee with potential mates who were instant no ways, some who left me scratching my head, and a few who I found a connection with.

But hang on. We are here to talk about professional development, not my love life.

Being on the job hunt is not easy. Many spend hours preparing résumés, looking at open positions, and thinking about what career path to travel. Occasionally, it is overwhelming and intimidating, but when taken one step at a time, it can be a manageable and an exciting process.

The first step of online dating is the most important: create your dating profile. Your profile is where you put your best foot forward and show off all of your attractive qualities through visuals and text. Online daters find their most flattering photos and then season the “about me” section of their profile with captivating and descriptive words to better display who they are and why other online daters should give them a shot.

Résumés follow this same logic. Your résumé should be clean, polished, and present you in your best light for future employers. Like dating profiles, they are detailed and should paint a picture for other prospective dates (or future employers) supporting why you deserve a chance at their love—an interview.

The unspoken rules of online dating profiles are very similar to the rules for writing a résumé. Whether you like it or not, your online dating profile and résumé both serve as a first impression. Profiles and résumés that are short, filled with spelling errors, or vague are usually passed over. Unless you are a supermodel and all you need is an enticing photo, your written description is very important to display who you are.

Your résumé should capture who you are, your skill set, education, past experiences, and anything else that is relevant to the job you hope to obtain. Knowing your audience is a key factor in crafting the perfect resume. Logically, if my online dating profile presented studious and quiet personality traits, I would likely start receiving messages from potential mates who are looking for someone who is seeking those traits. By taking a similar approach while writing a résumé, you can easily determine the tone, language, and highlighted skills and experiences you should feature. The tone of your résumé is dictated by the nature of the position you hope to obtain in the future. For example, hospitality jobs or positions that require you to interact with many people on a daily basis should be warm and welcoming while analytical jobs, such as accounting or research positions, should reflect an astute attention to detail. Your choice in language follows similar logic—use appropriate terms for the position you are seeking.

Unlike online dating profiles, your résumé should include your important contact information, including email address, telephone number, and mailing address. Some advise refraining from listing a mailing address, as this could create a bias due to some organizations that are looking for a new employee who is already in the area.

Unfortunately, this bias cannot be foreseen, which means you should use your best judgment when listing your contact information. If you include this contact information on your dating profile, you may have some very interesting text messages in the morning.

—Jackie Ventrano,  Foundations of Academic Success: Words of Wisdom

Writing Effective Cover Letters

• Identify characteristics of an effective cover letter

Cover letters matter. When you have to go through a pile of them, they are probably more important than the résumé itself. —woodleywonderworks

What Is a Cover Letter?

A cover letter is a letter of introduction, usually three to four paragraphs in length, that you attach to your résumé. It’s a way of introducing yourself to a potential employer and explaining why you are suited for a position. Employers may look for individualized and thoughtfully written cover letters as an initial method of screening out applicants who may lack necessary basic skills, or who may not be sufficiently interested in the position.

Cover Letter Examples

Often an employer will request or require that a cover letter be included in the materials an applicant submits. There are also occasions when you might submit a cover letter uninvited: for example, if you are initiating an inquiry about possible work or asking someone to send you information or provide other assistance.  With each résumé you send out, always include a cover letter specifically addressing your purposes.

Characteristics of an Effective Cover Letter

Cover letters should accomplish the following:

• get the attention of the prospective employer
• address the reader by name if possible
• set you apart from any possible competition
• identify the position you are interested in
• specify how you learned about the position or company
• present highlights of your skills and accomplishments
• reflect your genuine interest
• please the eye and ear

The following video features Aimee Bateman, founder of Careercake.com , who explains how you can create an incredible cover letter.

You can view the transcript for “5 Steps to an Incredible Cover Letter” here (opens in new window) .

Cover Letter Resources

Your cover letter: it’s like online dating too.

The following is another excerpt from the “It’s Like Online Dating” essay by Jackie Vetrano. Writing a cover letter may feel like a chore, but the payoff will be well worth it if you land the job you want!

It’s Like Online Dating

Sending a message—the cover letter.

After searching through dozens of profiles, online daters generally find a handful of people they can picture themselves with. There’s only one way to find out more about the person, and that’s by sending the first message.

The challenging part of the first message I send through online dating sites is determining what to say. I’ve never met these people before, but I do have access to their dating profiles filled with their hobbies, hometowns, and more. This is a perfect starting point for my message, especially if we both root for the same football team or if the other person likes to run as much as I do.

Your cover letter serves as an introduction to your future employer and should complement your résumé to create a shining first impression. It is incredibly challenging to sit in front of a blank screen trying to find a good starting point, which means you should look at the job posting and organization’s Web site for ideas about what to include.

Generally, these job postings provide a set of hard skills (such as proficiency with certain technology) and soft skills (such as public speaking, teamwork, or working in a flexible environment) required and desired for the posted position. This information provides you a list of what should be explained in your cover letter. Demonstrating your hard skills is a simple enough task by using examples or stating certifications, but describing your soft skills may require a little more thought. These soft skills can be exhibited by discussing specific examples of past experiences in previous jobs you’ve held, volunteer work, or work you’ve done in college classes.

After you have crafted your cover letter, you should send it to a few people you trust for their opinion and overall proofreading along with the job posting for their reference. It’s obvious that your cover letter should be free of spelling and grammar errors, but these trustworthy individuals will also be able to provide helpful insight about the examples you’ve used to display your soft skills.

—Jackie Vetrano,  Foundations of Academic Success: Words of Wisdom

cover letter: a short letter of introduction that explains to a potential employer why you are well-suited to a position

résumé:  an inventory of your education, work experience, job-related skills, accomplishments, volunteer history, internships, residencies, and/or more

Job Applications, Resumes, and Cover Letters Copyright © 2023 by Sonji Nicholas is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Steps of the Job Application Process Analytical Essay

1) A. A resume is a critical element of the job application process. People create and submit resumes, to provide the fullest information about themselves, their educational and professional background, as well as their job expectations and motivation to accomplish everyday workplace tasks.

More often than not, a well-organized, professionally written resume paves the way to becoming a prospective employee. However, as people change, so do their resumes. It goes without saying that a resume and cover letter written immediately after graduation will differ from those written 10 and 25 years later.

The circumstances of application, changes in personal qualities, the desired job characteristics, increased professionalism, extensive job experience, and other internal and external factors will predetermine the content of each resume. In the meantime, professionalism, concise and comprehensive language, and appropriate structure will remain the main commonalities for all resumes written during one’s lifetime.

Constructing a resume is not an easy task. How resumes are written and presented depends on a variety of circumstances (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 245). A resume is a brief written representation of individual qualifications, job expectations, and achievements (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 245). As a result, preparing and submitting a resume is virtually the same as submitting a sales document, since resumes help individuals to sell their ability to work (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 245).

No two resumes are the same. Resumes submitted by one and the same person immediately after graduation and 10-25 years later will be different, too. These differences are justified by changes in individual experiences and professionalism, changes in job expectations, as well as different circumstances of the job application case.

All resumes will differ by their content: personal qualities, work experiences and special qualifications will differ, depending on the applicant’s age and the specifications of the job, for which he or she is applying. How the resume is structured may differ, too, as the rapid advancement of communication technologies is turning digital resumes into the main instrument of job application.

It is possible that, in 25 years, paper resumes will become obsolete. Nevertheless, professional language will remain the defining feature of successful job application for years ahead, and resumes will have to reflect our commitment to the effective presentation of our qualities, qualifications, and achievements in various professional fields.

B. As digital communications are conquering the global business landscape, job applicants search for new ways to differentiate themselves from the pool of candidates. A thank-you note is an effective way to enhance personal interaction between employers and job applicants (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 279). Thank-you notes produce a positive impression on supervisors, clients, and co-workers (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 279).

Moreover, a thank-you note is an indication of the applicant’s appreciation of the interviewer’s efforts. It is the sign of commitment to the future job, which also shows how the future employee will treat supervisors and clients (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 279). Supervisors and managers recognize that thank-you notes make a real difference in perceptions about job applicants (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 279). All other things being equal, a thank-you note gives prospective students better opportunities to find a good job.

Certainly, a thank-you note must be brief and concise. A source of numerous benefits for job applicants, a thank-you note which is written inappropriately can become a serious impediment to obtaining the desired job. Students must remember that thank-you notes are usually short, start with the expression of recognition and gratefulness, include a brief note regarding the job and the interview, and end on a good-will note (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 279).

A well-written thank-you message is an excellent expression of courtesy and gratitude, which fosters the development of productive relations between the student and the future employer.

2) A. A survey is a complex process of collecting primary information about individual and collective attitudes toward various things and phenomena, be they clothes, shoes, economic crises or nuclear weapons. However, no survey is useful, unless its results are presented in a professionally-written report. Outlining is one of the key stages of the survey process. Outlines are often created by divisions.

The latter are used to divide the report into smaller parts. In case of a survey conducted to determine what styles of shoes are worn throughout the country for various occasions by men of all types, numerous division possibilities are possible. Quantity and factor divisions will serve the basis for creating a well-structured and comprehensive survey report.

Outlining is one of the main stages in writing a survey report. Actually, no survey is possible without outlining the order and sequence of things in the final report.

Outlining makes the process of drafting the survey report easy, efficient, and orderly (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 301). In case of longer reports, outlining is needed to create a relevant table of contents (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 301).

Divisions exemplify one of the most effective methodological ways to create report outlines (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 303). The general bases for these divisions include place, quantity, time, and factor (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 303). Survey reports can be organized by time, like the period of time covered by the survey or the time covering individual actions and decisions that were examined during the survey.

For example, a good logical and well-structured survey will have sales changes in 2010 and 2011 presented in different chapters. In a similar vein, survey reports can be organized around place categories: it is better to present survey results from England separately from those collected in America and Europe.

Quantity divisions are used, whenever it is possible to categorize all survey results by quantifiable characteristics, like the respondents’ level of income or age (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 304). If none of these divisions is suitable or appropriate, factor divisions will make it easier to develop an excellent and readable survey report format.

For the survey conducted to determine what styles of shoes are worn throughout the country for various occasions by men of all types, numerous division possibilities are possible. First, quantity divisions can be used to categorize all respondents by age, the level of income, or the number of shoes they wear and change on a daily basis.

Size can be also used to divide all survey information by quantity. Depending on the purpose, these survey divisions will be different. Second, time divisions are possible if the survey examines how the styles of shoes worn by men of all types change over time.

The survey can be organized around time divisions presenting the styles of shoes worn by men in their adolescence compared to the styles of shoes worn by these men later in life. As long as the survey is conducted among men of all types living throughout the country, the place division can help to differentiate between individual preferences in the styles of shoes based on the respondents’ place of residence.

The survey may examine the styles of shoes worn by men in the southern part of the country compared to those worn by men in its northern territories. The place division can be more specific and explore, for example, the styles of shoes worn by men in California and New Jersey.

Factor divisions can help to outline the survey examining the styles of shoes worn by all types of men throughout the country. Here, occasions will serve the main division by factor. I recommend using place and factor divisions. The use of these divisions is justified by the purpose of the survey.

They do not lead to redundancy. The survey is conducted among men throughout the country, and division by place could help to explore the differences in the styles of shoes worn by men in different territories. The survey explores the styles of shoes worn for various occasions, and factor divisions will enhance the quality of information presented in the survey report.

3) A. Reports are among the most frequently used forms of business communication. Concise and well-structured, reports speed up business communication and make it easier for employees and managers to meet their performance objectives. Reports come out in a variety of types and forms. Depending on the situation, short, progress, email or letter reports can be used to improve the quality of communication in the workplace.

Progress report is one of the most flexible forms of business reports. They are mostly informal, and their structure usually depends on the circumstances of the case. Nevertheless, any progress report must have a body and conclusion. This is the best way to provide the most important information in an easy-to-read format.

An internal progress report is a work document, submitted on as-needed basis, created in a half-formal manner, and written to specify one’s progress toward a particular goal (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 341). Progress reports can be used to update clients on the progress toward a specific task (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 341). For example, customers may ask employees to provide a weekly progress report on how they are working on an IT project.

A progress report usually includes information related to the degree of project completion. However, it may sometimes include a brief discussion of the problems encountered while working on the project (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 341). In most cases, progress reports are informal and do not have any clear structure (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 341).

Simply stated, employees, supervisors and clients choose by themselves how they wish their progress report to look. Some progress reports can be small and absolutely informal, whereas others will need to be official and structured (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 341).

More often than not, all employees need to do is to fill in “blanks on forms devised for the purpose” (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 341). The core message of any progress report is about the progress made while working on the project. A progress report usually implies that those who receive and read it will need to provide their feedback.

That progress reports do not have any set structure does not mean that they are unstructured at all. A good progress report will always have a body and conclusion/ recommendations. Shorter progress report show little need in introductory information (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 326). This is particularly the case of progress reports, whose title explains the purpose (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 326).

The body of any progress report must include brief and easy-to-read information about the progress made during the project and problems/ difficulties encountered. The facts and data must be presented in the direct order, meaning that the body of the report starts with the most important information (e.g., “we are pleased to inform you that the project is 30% completed”).

This information is followed by a brief explanation of the progress, problems encountered, recommendations for the future, and a small conclusion. The use of the direct order is justified by the need to reduce the amount of unnecessary information and let the reader take the most relevant decision.

B. Depending on the situation, different types of reports can be used. Letter reports are the most appropriate when dealing with individuals outside the organization (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 336). For example, a letter report could be used to inform auditors about a financial problem. Simultaneously, auditors could provide organizations with a letter report explaining the problem and what has been done to solve it. Email reports are excellent means of internal communication within organizations.

Email reports are mostly informal and can be used by people who know each other (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 340). At times, email reports can be used to provide higher administration, the board of directors, or supervisors with formal, official, problem-related information (Lesikar, Flatley & Rentz 340).

Whatever the situation, email reports always guarantee cost-effective delivery of information and immediate feedback. Unlike letter and email reports, longer proposals do not merely provide information but persuade other parties to choose a particular course of action. These reports can be used when the problem is obvious and the need to address it is urgent.

Works Cited

Lesikar, Raymond V., Marie E. Flatley & Kathryn Rentz. Business Communication: Making

Connections in a Digital World. 11 th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill/ Irwin, 2008. Print.

• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2019, August 20). Steps of the Job Application Process. https://ivypanda.com/essays/professional-communication/

"Steps of the Job Application Process." IvyPanda , 20 Aug. 2019, ivypanda.com/essays/professional-communication/.

IvyPanda . (2019) 'Steps of the Job Application Process'. 20 August.

IvyPanda . 2019. "Steps of the Job Application Process." August 20, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/professional-communication/.

1. IvyPanda . "Steps of the Job Application Process." August 20, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/professional-communication/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Steps of the Job Application Process." August 20, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/professional-communication/.

• Product and Service Innovation: Thank-You Card Service
• Elevator Limited Company's Business Plan
• Tips for Writing Resumes and Cover Letters
• Resume Falsification: Legal and Moral Responsibility
• How to Improve a Resume for AI Bots
• How Job Applicants Try to Hack Résumé-Reading Software by Pardes
• Rhetorical Situation of a Resume
• How to Write a Resume
• Resume Analysis Submitted to GLOBAL
• Labor Discrimination in US Economy
• JetBlue Airway Companies Blogging
• Challenges of Effective Intercultural Communication
• Communication and Problem Solving - Part Two
• Communication and Problem Solving - Part One
• Letter to Advocate Change in Inappropriate Language

• Introduction
• Welcome to Writing in the Social Sciences!
• Author Biographies
• Acknowledgments
• UNIT 1. WRITING TOOLS
• 1. Writing in the Social Sciences
• 2. Writing Tools
• 3. Writing Processes
• 4. Grammar & Mechanics
• UNIT 2. ACADEMIC AUDIENCES
• 7. Writing for Academic Audiences
• 8. Finding & Evaluating Sources
• 9. Discussing & Citing Sources
• 10. Defining Literature Reviews
• 11. Planning Literature Reviews
• 12. Writing Literature Reviews
• 13. Crafting Proposals
• UNIT 3. GENERAL AUDIENCES
• 14. Writing for General Audiences
• 15. Applying for Jobs & Graduate Schools
• 16. Creating Public Texts
• 17. Presenting
• Translations

Applying for Jobs & Graduate Schools

Choose a sign-in option.

Tools and Settings

Questions and Tasks

Citation and Embed Code

Learning Outcomes

• how to write a killer resume, cover letter, and personal statement
• how rhetoric will help you land the job or a spot in graduate school

15.1 Professional Audience Analysis

Audience analysis.

• Look at the company, program or employer's website to see how the organization describes itself.
• Create a list of key terms from the ad and the website.
• Briefly answer the Audience Analysis Questions. Note that you might not be able to answer all of them based on the audience.
• Using all of this information, write a brief analysis of your audience.
• What is the approximate size of your audience? Are you addressing just one or two people or a sizable group?
• Who, specifically, are you writing to? A hiring manager or department? A specific person?
• What information do you have regarding the demographic makeup of your audience (age, gender, education level, ethnicity), and how might you use that information to develop and shape your writing?
• What personal and professional traits do you have in common with the members of your audience?
• What common values do you share with your audience? 
• Are there any cultural considerations that may influence how your audience responds to your writing?
• Will your audience expect to be entertained as well as informed?
• Will you be targeting certain members of your audience, and if so, which members? (Think name-dropping, more on that later)
• How will you have to earn your audience’s trust? How will you   demonstrate your knowledge or expertise?
• What preconceptions or biases might be held by some members of your audience?
• What expectations will your audience have regarding your application materials?
• What expectations will your audience have regarding the format of your application materials?
• What key questions will your audience expect you to answer?
• What key objections are audience members likely to raise?
• What particular appeals should you include in your application materials to connect to the needs and interests of your audience?

15.2 Rules of the Resume

Conventions of the Genre

Golden triangle, your golden triangle.

What information will you place in the golden triangle?

White Space

What to include and in what order, religious volunteer experiences.

15.3 Bulleted Sections

Once you have nailed down which experiences you want to highlight, based on your audience analysis, you need to look at how you will organize that information into bulleted sections. Within every section, each bullet point is a phrase—not a complete sentence. And each phrase begins with a verb. If you find that you are using the same verb in many of your bullets, you may want to google “Action Verbs” or head to BYU’s Career Services website to see their Action Verbs handout.  

Look at each of your bullet points. Do they begin with a verb-first phrase? After you have revised your verb-first phrases you need to look closely at the information you are providing your readers. You should move from task-oriented phrases to phrases which provide  quantifiable data , indicate the  motivation  behind the task, and show the  impact on others . 

• Tested operating systems
• Tested 5 operating systems daily

and ending up with something like this

• Tested 5 operating systems daily to minimize errors for customers

Bullet Points

Now you do it. Revise each of your bullet points to include quantifiable data, motivation, and impact.

Best=Longer?

15.4 the master, how to use it, 15.5 cover letters.

• Heading : Your heading should match the heading found on your resume. Make sure to include your address, telephone number, and email address. You can include your LinkedIn information. We also need the date and the address of person to whom you are writing.
• Opening Salutation : Please avoid using “To Whom It May Concern.” It is outdated and shows that you didn’t care enough to seek out the person your letter is going to. Use Google and see if you can figure out your point of contact. If that fails, give the company a call. “Hi! My name is Bob Lob and I’m applying for the student intern position in the pediatric research department. I’d like to personalize my cover letter. Could you tell me who’s responsible for potential interns?”  Not only does it provide you with the information you need, but it could also get your name circulating. If all of the above fails, you can broaden your field a bit and address the role or the department (e.g., “Dear Hiring Manager,” or “Dear Applications Department”) 
• First paragraph : How did you find out about the job? What connects you to the company? “Name drop” in this paragraph. Do you have any mentors that work there? Did a current employee suggest the job to you? What position are you applying for?

First Paragraph Activity

Answer the above questions in paragraph form.

• Second and third paragraphs : Why are you interested in their company? How will you add value to the company? What is unique about you? Highlight the awesome items that are in your resume. Mention education and experience. You can mention why the company is good for you, but focus mostly on how you are good for the company. Show them how much you want to work for them. If you need to explain why you may have sub-par grades or experience, this is the place to do so. Make sure that you own your flaws, but use them to show your character. If something made your grades fall a bit short, show what you learned from the experience. 

Second and Third Paragraph Activity

Answer the above questions in paragraph form. Make sure you are keeping your audience in mind. Also, it wouldn't hurt to use the PAR method (problem, action, result).

15.6 The Interview

Interview Formats

In-person interview, video call or remote interviews.

• Become familiar with the technology so you won't be flustered if it fails. Try out at least two services so you can switch if necessary.
• Compose a backdrop. Make sure your interviewer sees you in a clean, simple environment. 
• Orient the light toward your face or to your side, (not above or behind you.) Strong overhead light can make you look spooky. Natural light is the most flattering, so try to sit facing a window. 
• Make sure the camera is at eye level or slightly above. Place your laptop on a stack of books so that your interviewer isn't looking up your nose. 
• Double check the interview time and time zone. 
• Choose a solid-colored shirt and make sure it's pressed. Wrinkles show up more on camera. If you need to wear a white shirt, wear a suit jacket over it. If you want a few pointers on how to dress, read this article by Monster. 
• Maintain a fairly constant distance from the webcam.
• Don't drum your fingers or use the keyboard to type notes during your call. Sensitive microphones will magnify every sound. 
• Look at the camera, not the screen. Don't try to stare at it constantly, but do look directly into it when you want to emphasize a point or convey sincerity. 
• Smile! Exude energy, confidence, and optimism. 

Phone Interviews

• Remain standing and walk around
• Smile (even if no one's in the room)

Interview Day

15.7 the aesthetics of the application.

Open your two documents (resume and cover letter) side by side on your screen. Do they jive? do they look like they go together? If now, fix them. Make them cohesive. Just like you dress the part, you need to dress up your application materials.

15.8 Graduate School Applications

Curriculum Vitae

Personal statement, personal statement questions.

Respond to the following: (Yes, there are a lot of questions, but these will help you create a really fantastic and specific statement)

• What is your purpose in graduate study?
• What is the area of study in which you wish to specialize? (Use the language of the field)
• What is your intended future use of your grad study?
• What is your unique preparation and fitness for study in the field?
• Do you have any problems or inconsistencies in your records/scores?
• Do you have any special conditions that are not revealed elsewhere in your application?
• What did you learn from the problems or inconsistencies or special conditions?
• How have those experiences made you into the person you are today?
• These should be made into positive statements about your abilities and future.
• Why do you want to attend their university? Be specific.
• Be conservative with your design and writing style
• If no page requirement is listed—stick to 2 pages max, singled-spaced.  
• 12 point in a conservative font like Garamond, Calibri, or Times New Roman
• No opening or closing salutation
• Your essay should begin 
• ATTN: Graduate Selection Committee (unless you are posting your work in a text box) 
• Tell how you first became interested in the subject you plan to study
• Provide anecdotes from childhood, early academic life, travel, service, or other experience
• Course work you've excelled in
• Awards you've received
• Aspects of the field that inspire you
• Clubs you've participated in 
• Conferences you've presented at
• Papers you've published
• "I want to attend X University because I want to study women’s health”
• "As you can see, from the time I was 16, I’ve dedicated myself to researching the impact of the environment on women’s health in third world countries. My time spent studying under Dr. MacKenzie has taught me the value of working alongside someone who not only excels in academia but also gets their boots dirty, so to speak. X University’s reputation for providing onsite training and fieldwork, in addition to preparing its students to hold their own in the academic setting is unparalleled. I would be honored to be among those students. I would also love the opportunity to study with Professor Ludlow, given her groundbreaking research on microplastics and women’s health in India. Her article found in...”  
• Summarize what you've already written
• Perhaps touch back on the hook from your intro
• Express interest in their program
• Thank them for their consideration

"Maya Angelou famously said, 'We delight in the beauty of the butterfly, but rarely admit the changes it has gone through to achieve that beauty.' This is true of your professional evolution. You might feel like you are not where you want to be—or not where you thought you’d be by now—but your journey will evolve. There is nothing wrong with revealing the bumps along the way, as long as you can articulate where you want to go. The most important exercise . . . is defining your values, goals, and mission and working consistently in that direction."  

Letters of Recommendation

15.9 personal branding.

Online Presence

Your Personal Brand

Your Personal Brand Review what Washington & Lee University has said about personal branding (above). Go through your Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, and Twitter and make necessary changes. Write a quick paragraph detailing some of the changes you made.

ResearchGate

Commencement.

Nicole Clawson is an adjunct faculty member at Brigham Young University. When she isn't in her garden, she is busy knitting a new sweater while (re)watching Downton Abbey.

This content is provided to you freely by BYU Open Learning Network.

Access it online or download it at https://open.byu.edu/writing/professional_portfolio .

How to write a process essay

• August 25, 2023

Process essays are one of the most common types of essays . It’s simply explaining a process of how to do something. 

In this article, we’ll show you how to write a process essay in steps with interactive examples. 

Process essay definition

Let’s take a look at the steps outlined below to write a clear and effective process essay. 

Choose a topic

You should start by choosing a topic that not only interests you but also attracts your target audience. 

Whether it’s brewing the perfect cup of coffee or conquering the art of origami, your topic should be engaging and well-defined.  Let’s have a look at topic examples:

• Crafting Exquisite Miniature Bookbindings
• Building a Sustainable Vertical Garden
• Making the Perfect Cup of Coffee

So for this guide, I’ve chosen “Making the Perfect Cup of Coffee”. Now let’s continue with the next steps.

Create a process essay outline

Now that you’ve your topic at hand, it’s time to create an outline to present the steps chronologically. Outline will also help you organize your thoughts and ideas so you won’t get lost during the writing process.

Let’s examine this step with an example of a process essay explaining “Making the Perfect Cup of Coffee”.

Process essay outline example

• Thesis statement
• Provide safety precautions if necessary.
• Address to the reader
• Provide any variations or customization options if applicable.
• End with a memorable concluding thought or call to action.

By presenting the steps in chronological order, your readers can follow the process smoothly. 

During this step, just make sure to:

• Expand on each step you outlined earlier.
• Use clear and concise language.
• Make use of bullet points or numbered lists to make the process visually appealing.

After completing the outline, it’s time to write an interesting introduction.

Write an introduction

• Hook the reader's interest with a hook sentence
• Offer a brief overview of the topic and its significance
• Introduce and explain the process with a thesis statement at the end of introduction

Process essay introduction example

Introduction

Now that we have an intro on our hand, you need to tell what materials you need to finish the process.

Write the materials needed for the process

Listing the necessary materials for the process is a best practice for process essays. Typically found just after the introduction, this paragraph is devoted to outlining the necessary materials.

Here, p rioritizing the list is important; the more influential a component is, the higher its position on the list should be.

Example material list for process essay

Body paragraphs

Materials needed

• High-quality coffee beans that align with your flavor preference.
• A grinder for optimal flavor extraction.
• Equipment for brewing methods, such as a pour-over apparatus, a drip coffee maker, a French press, or an espresso machine.
• Fresh and clean water for brewing.
• Optional additives like milk, cream, sugar, flavored syrups, or other preferred elements.

Start writing the process

Right after listing the materials needed, it’s time to start writing the process itself.

When describing your process, be careful not to make it too complicated. To keep your readers on track, use transitional words like “after,” “eventually,” “first,” “then,” and others help you maintain an understandable tone.  

Or simply use a 1,2,3, bullet point structure as seen in example below to remind readers of their step during the process.

Body paragraphs - Process writing example

Materials needed ...

• Grind the beans just before brewing for optimal freshness. Use a burr grinder and adjust the coarseness to match your brewing method (coarse for French press, fine for espresso).
• Weigh your coffee grounds using a scale. A standard ratio is 1 to 2 tablespoons of coffee per 6 ounces of water, but adjust to your taste.
• Ensure the water is heated to the ideal temperature, typically between 195-205°F (90-96°C). Water that's too hot or too cold can affect the taste.
• Pay attention to the brewing time. Generally, 4-5 minutes is suitable for most methods, but again, adjust based on your preference.
• After finishing, regularly clean your coffee maker or French press to prevent rancid oils and residue from affecting your coffee's taste.

As seen from the example above, using an imperative language structure is generally preferable. It makes total sense as you’re describing a process in steps and usually don’t need a full sentence structure. 

Give tips and supporting details

After explaining the process above, it’s now time to provide tips and supporting details. Here, make use examples, tips, and even warnings if necessary. 

In other words, anticipate the questions your readers might have and address them as you go along. 

Body paragraphs - Supporting details

Supporting details & tips

• Ensure safe handling of hot water and coffee-making equipment.
• Water that's too hot can result in over-extraction, while water that's too cold won't extract enough flavor.

Write a conclusion

At this step, you simply need to write a conclusion paragraph to end your process essay. First summarize the key points, and restate the process in a concise and short sentence. And finally, finish your process essay by a memorable sentence or a call-to-action. 

Process essay conclusion example

Revise and polish your essay.

Now that you’ve written your essay, take a breath, and then come back for some editing. Check for consistency, correct sentence structure, efficient transitions , tense selection , and other linguistic issues that may arise. 

If possible, make use of proofreading tools like QuillBot or Grammarly . 

• Think about potential reader misunderstandings and address them. If needed, explain what should be avoided.
• Offer explanations for steps that might seem unusual or complicated.
• Define any unfamiliar terms or materials that the reader might not understand. This ensures clarity in your essay.

So  you’ve successfully learned how to write a captivating process essay. Remember, practice makes perfect. The more you write, the better you’ll become.

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The Job Application Process Explained

Feeling anxious about what to expect from your upcoming job application process?

Finding a new job isn’t easy, especially if you're getting out of school, returning from an extended break, or making a career change.  

But the good news is that you have nothing to worry about because, in this post, we're going to walk you through the following:

• How long the job application process will take
• What to expect from the job application process (each step explained)
• How to streamline everything to land your next interview faster

Before we dive into that, though, let's get clear on what makes the job application process worth taking so seriously.

Why is the job application process important?

The job application process is an important step for both employers and job seekers. It helps employers identify the best candidates for their open positions by evaluating their skills, experience, and cultural fit. 

And for job seekers like you, it's an opportunity to highlight your abilities and demonstrate why you’d be a great addition to a new team. Plus, it's a chance for both parties to see if there's a mutual connection, making sure everyone is aligned with their goals in the long run.

Here are the top three reasons why the job application process ( really ) matters: 

1. Matching skills and qualifications : Employers are looking for candidates with the skills and qualifications necessary for the position in question. The application process helps employers sort through the many applicants and identify the best candidate for their needs. 

2. Cultural fit : Employers want candidates who mesh well with their team and company culture. Employees want to work where they feel comfortable and supported. The job application process can help determine if there's a good cultural fit. This is essential for long-term job satisfaction and success.

3. Opportunity for growth : You might not think it, but this process can be a valuable learning experience for job seekers. By reflecting on your skills, experience, and career goals, you’ll better understand your strengths and areas for improvement. This self-assessment can help guide your future career development.

At the end of the day, the job application process can feel long, tedious, and full of unnecessary steps (we won’t lie, sometimes, it can be all of those things ). 

But the way you handle this process could be the deciding factor between whether or not you get a foot in the door with a hiring manager. Using AI & ChatGPT for job applications can help streamline your process. 

How long is the job application process?

The length of the job application process can vary depending on the company and role. 

Sometimes you’ll hear back from the employer within a few days or weeks. In other cases, completing the hiring process can take months, with several interviews along the way.

The job application process is long because it typically involves multiple steps, such as:

• Filling out lengthy applications 
• Creating and submitting your resume and cover letter
• Completing assessments or tests
• Participating in multiple rounds of interviews. 

Each step feels like another mountain to climb, especially if you’re applying to many jobs at the same time. 

But it's important to recognize that a longer hiring process isn't necessarily bad. It can indicate that the employer is taking the time to carefully evaluate candidates and find the best fit for the role.

Even though the length of the job application process can be frustrating, it's important to stay patient and positive. And while you wait to hear back from one company, you can use that time to search for/apply to other jobs of interest.

What to expect during the job application process?

Every job application will be different, but here are a few of the common steps most companies use in the hiring process. 

You’ll need to provide a resume

A resume is one of the most important documents for your job application. This is a recap of everything that qualifies you for your desired position. That means including your:

• Contact information
• Professional summary 
• Work experience with concrete achievements 
• Certifications 

Ideally, you’ll fit all this onto a single page with a clear, structured format. 

And since companies use Application Tracking Systems (ATS) to prioritize resumes based on the right keywords/job title, you’ll also need to ensure you’re using the right language to stand out. 

Note: We should clear up a misconception about ATS software. An ATS won’t exclude candidates from a position. Instead, they prioritize candidates based on the content of their resume. It’s a small but significant difference that should inspire you to personalize each resume to the job you’re applying for. 

There are a few ways that you can create a resume :

• Microsoft Word or Google Doc 
• Chatbots like ChatGPT or Google’s Bard 
• Professional resume writing services 

But we believe the best place to start is with Teal’s AI Resume Builder : 

Teal’s platform helps job seekers by...

• Writing content for their resume 
• Formatting their resume  
• Personalizing their resume for each application 

Other resources like Microsoft Word or Google Docs have templates to help format your resume. But you’re still left writing and personalizing the content on your own 

( Plus, and let’s be honest, reformatting documents in Word or Docs can be a pain ). 

And new AI technology like ChatGPT or Google’s Bard can write the content of your resume, but you’ll need to structure everything manually on a separate platform.

Teal’s AI Resume Builder, on the other hand, tackles all three challenges from the same dashboard. We’ve added generative AI (from the same engine that powers ChatGPT) to help write every section of your resume and tailored cover letters:

Plus, we’ve made it easy to:

1. Reformat your resume at the click of a button :

2. Choose the font , margin size , alignment, and more to ensure your document is visually appealing to stand out to hiring managers :

3. Reorganize sections of your resume so you can customize everything to your liking :

From there, you can duplicate your resume, match it with another specific role, and personalize the content in minutes. 

But hey, why not hop in the dashboard and see for yourself?

Sign up and try Teal's AI Resume Builder  for free today!

You’ll need to provide a cover letter 

Like your resume, a cover letter is another essential part of the job application process. It's an opportunity to introduce yourself to the hiring manager and explain why you're the best candidate for the job. 

Writing a cover letter can be challenging, but many resources are available online to help you get started. Keep in mind the following best practices when creating your resume: 

• Personalization matters : Tailor your cover letter to the position you’re applying for. This will help you stand out from the other generic cover letters in the hiring manager’s never-ending stack.
• Avoid repetitive information: Your cover letter should complement your resume, not re-explain it. Focus on telling a compelling story about why you’re the right fit for the job with concrete and measurable examples of your past success.
• Proofread: Never send any resource to a hiring manager until it’s been thoroughly checked for typos or errors. If possible, ask a friend, family member, or mentor to read your cover letter and provide support through editing or feedback. 

And again, like your resume, there are plenty of ways to approach your cover letter. 

One solution is to use generative AI like ChatGPT to write your resume . This can be a good but cumbersome solution that requires jumping back and forth between tabs and lots of copy/pasting. 

Instead, make your life easier by keeping everything in one place. 

Once you’ve completed a resume in Teal’s AI Resume Builder , click the Cover Letter icon: 

Now click Generate Text : 

And just like that, you’ll have the first draft of a personalized cover letter in under a minute. 

Head to Teal's AI Resume Builder  to try it for free today!

You may need an online portfolio (depending on the job)

An online portfolio is a website that showcases your previous accomplishments and can help you tangibly showcase your skills/experience to potential employers. Online portfolios are a valuable asset to any professional on the market for a new job, but they’re becoming table stakes for creative roles (like graphic design or writing). 

If you're applying for jobs in these fields, it's important to invest time and effort into creating a strong online portfolio. Start by selecting your best work samples and organizing them in a visually appealing, easy-to-navigate format. 

Include a brief description of each project, the skills you used to complete it, and the measurable results you achieved. Lastly, don’t forget to keep your portfolio up-to-date and continue adding new projects as you complete them. 

An online portfolio can be a powerful tool for showcasing your skills and landing your dream job.

For a deeper dive, check out this resource: Who Should Have a Career Portfolio & How Often Should It Be Updated?  

You’ll likely need to apply to multiple positions

Finding the right job can take time, and staying persistent is a valuable skill .

Remember, it's common for job hunters to apply to multiple positions before landing an interview, so keep going if you don't hear back from every application. To increase your chances of success, consider diversifying your job search process by applying to many roles simultaneously. 

Make sure to tailor your application materials to each job and highlight the skills and experiences that are most relevant to the position. 

Need some help tracking all the applications you send out? Check out the Job Application Tracker built into your Teal dashboard: 

This allows you to track each application through the following phases: 

• Interviewing
• Negotiating 

By staying organized, you can remove a lot of the stress and headaches associated with the job application process. 

You’ll need to stand out

With so many applicants competing for each job, you’ll need to find a few ways to stand out from the crowd. Here are a few quick tips for doing that: 

• Understand what the hiring manager is looking for 
• Include a job target or title
• Add skills and proficiencies 
• Show measurable results 
• Keep it concise
• Tailor your resume to the job description
• Add a custom cover letter 
• Review and proofread 
• Follow up with your hiring manager 

For more details on each tip, here’s an in-depth guide: How to Make Your Resume Stand Out and Land Your Dream Job .  

Your applications may be cumbersome   

The job application process can be time-consuming, and it's not uncommon for applications to ask for a lot of information. 

Here are some of the factors that make the process feel like it keeps dragging on:

• Lengthy applications : Many employers require candidates to fill out extensive forms, answer open-ended questions, and provide detailed information about their qualifications. This can be tedious, especially when job seekers have to repeat the process for multiple positions.
• Unclear job descriptions : Sometimes, a job posting can be vague or incomplete, making it difficult to understand what the employer is looking for. This may lead to additional time spent figuring out how to structure/word your resume and cover letter. 
• Customizing resumes and cover letters : As we’ve already said, candidates should tailor their resumes and cover letters for each application. The constant customization can be mentally draining.
• Slow response times : Employers may take weeks or even months to respond to job applications, leaving candidates in a state of uncertainty. This waiting period can be nerve-wracking and discouraging.

We’ve already shown how Teal’s AI Resume Builder can help customize resumes and cover letters, drastically speeding up the application process. 

And there’s not much you can do about slow response times once you’ve followed up with the hiring manager. The real problems here come down to lengthy applications and unclear job descriptions. 

Fortunately, Teal has you covered on both fronts. 

For those lengthy applications, you can use Teal’s Autofill Job Applications :

This free Chrome extension allows you to upload your resume or LinkedIn profile and leverage AI to autofill all your applications. And for those open-ended questions, you can use our built-in generative AI tool to create a personalized first draft response in seconds. 

Then, using your knowledge and expertise, you can polish that response to make yourself stand out. 

As for the vague job descriptions, Teal’s AI Resume Builder has another feature that can help you determine what language to use in your resume and cover letter. Teal analyzes each job description you apply to and highlights the keywords/skills you should focus on: 

This helps you determine which skills and keywords the hiring manager is likely looking for as they review your application. 

You’ll likely need to apply for a role online 

These days, most job applications are submitted online through job boards, company websites, or other online platforms. This can be convenient, but it also means your application competes with a large pool of applicants.

Some of the best online forums and communities for finding a job include LinkedIn and Reddit , as well as blogs and interactive forums like Muse .

LinkedIn is recommended as the best for connecting directly with recruiters, while Reddit Job Hunting is a forum specifically designed to help people find jobs.

To ensure a positive candidate experience and to maximize your chances of success, read the instructions carefully and follow all application guidelines from the platform you're working with. This could include submitting your application by a certain deadline or including specific documents, such as a writing sample or professional references.

Your job application will be screened

Once you submit your job application, it will likely be screened by an Applicant Tracking System (ATS). Your application should include relevant ATS keywords and skills to breeze through the initial screening process.

Remember, an ATS won’t exclude resumes from the application process altogether, but it will scan your documents for keywords to find the most likely best fit. To increase your chances of getting an interview, tailor your resume and cover letter for each job to include the skills, experiences, and keywords that are most relevant to the role. 

This could involve researching the company and the position to better understand what they're looking for in a candidate.

For more information on ATS software, check out this video:

What to expect after your application is reviewed 

You’ll be invited to an initial screening .

If your application catches the hiring manager’s eye, you might be invited to an initial screening. This is typically a brief phone or video call with a recruiter or hiring manager. 

This is an opportunity for the employer to learn more about you and determine if you're a good fit for the rest of the application process. In many ways, the initial screening is a pre-interview to see if the company should invest more resources in exploring your qualifications. 

You’ll be moved to a more formal interview process

If you pass the initial screening, you'll likely be moved to a more formal video or in-person interview process. 

This could include multiple rounds of interviews with different members of the hiring team, such as the hiring manager, the HR representative, or your potential colleagues. This part of the application process depends on the company you’re applying to. 

To prepare for the formal interview process, research the company ( and the position ) in detail. Consider practicing your responses to common interview questions and preparing examples demonstrating your skills and experience. 

Got the pre-interview jitters? Check out these helpful resources: How to Interview with Confidence and 7 Ways to Use ChatGPT to Prepare for a Job Interview .   

You could be asked to complete a test or project

Depending on the role, the employer might ask you to complete a test project to demonstrate your skills and abilities. This could be a written test, a coding challenge, or a portfolio review—again, this depends on the role/company you’re applying to. 

To prepare for a test or project, review the requirements carefully and ask any questions you may have before beginning. Make sure to give yourself enough time to complete the test or project thoroughly and to the best of your ability.

You might have background and reference checks 

Background checks are typically conducted for jobs where an individual works with vulnerable people such as children, the elderly, or individuals with disabilities. This can include positions in education, healthcare, social services, or government. 

That said, many employers in other industries also conduct background checks as a standard practice. 

Be transparent throughout the application process to avoid any issues during the background check. This includes accurately reporting your work history, education, and any criminal history.

Whereas background checks vary from company to company, reference checks are much more popular.

Reference checks are typically conducted once you’ve become a seriously competitive candidate. Employers usually ask for references from previous employers or colleagues to learn more about your work history and performance. 

It's important to provide professional references who can speak directly to your skills and abilities. 

When choosing your references, select individuals who you’ve worked closely with and who can provide specific examples of your past successes. Avoid referencing friends and family, as this comes off as unprofessional. 

Be sure to inform your references beforehand that they may be contacted by a potential employer and provide them with the job description and your resume. That way, they can speak more easily to your qualifications.

You’ll receive a formal job offer  

Now you’ve received an offer.  

But before you pop the champagne🍾, hold up a second. 

Kicking off the job offer process can be an exciting moment, but it's important to take the time to review the offer carefully. This includes reviewing the job description, compensation package, and any other benefits or perks that are included. 

If there's anything unclear or you have questions about, be sure to ask for clarification from the employer. 

It's also important to carefully consider whether the job fits you and aligns with your career goals and interests. If you're unsure about any aspect of the job offer, asking for more information or clarification before accepting the offer is important.

You can choose to negotiate the job offer

If the initial job offer doesn't meet your expectations, it's okay to negotiate . 

This could involve asking for a higher salary, more vacation time, stock options, or other benefits. But if you’ve never been part of negotiations before, it can be an uncomfortable process. 

Here are some top negotiation tips to help you achieve your goals in a job search:

• Do your homewor k: Research the industry, company, and position you're interested in. This will help you understand the average salary, benefits, and perks of similar roles. Use websites like Glassdoor , Payscale , or LinkedIn to gather this information.
• Know your worth : Assess your skills, experience, and education. Determine the unique value you bring to the table, and be prepared to articulate why you deserve the compensation and benefits you want.
• Don't forget the benefits : Salary isn't the only aspect of a job offer. Consider negotiating for additional benefits such as flexible hours, remote work options, additional vacation days, or professional development opportunities.
• Establish a range : Instead of providing a specific salary figure, offer a range with your desired salary and the lowest amount you're willing to accept. This gives you room to negotiate and shows flexibility.
• Be prepared to compromise : While knowing your worth and standing your ground is essential, also be open to finding a middle ground that works for both parties.
• Keep emotions in check : Negotiating can be stressful, but remaining calm and composed is crucial. Keep your emotions in check and maintain a professional demeanor.

The goal is to demonstrate that your value is higher than their offer. As such, be ready to show your worth in a concrete, measurable way if you want to negotiate better terms for employment. 

You can now accept or decline the offer 

Once you've negotiated and reviewed the job offer, it's time to make your decision. 

If the offer meets your expectations and you're excited about the opportunity, congratulations! But if you’re unsatisfied with the conditions before you even start the position, it’s unlikely you’ll find high job satisfaction once you’ve begun. 

Don’t forget that you’re on a path to landing your dream job. You should never settle for a position if you feel another company would value your skills/qualifications more highly.  

Your application may be denied

Although you may prefer to follow the aforementioned steps of the interview process, there is still a possibility that your application may be rejected following its review.

Receiving news that your application has been denied after it has been reviewed can be an unexpected, disheartening experience. It can make you feel like all the time and effort you put into it has gone to waste. Unfortunately, it's something that many job seekers have to go through at some point throughout their career journey. 

Your application may have been denied for several reasons:

• Not meeting the required qualifications or experience 
• Incomplete or poorly written application materials
• Failing to pass background checks
• A more qualified candidate was selected 
• Being overqualified  
• Timing, company budget, or the needs of the organization 

Having your application denied does not necessarily reflect on your qualifications or abilities. It’s important not to take it personally and to stay positive, continue to learn and grow, and keep pushing forward in your job search. You never know what opportunities might be around the corner, and a rejection can sometimes lead to an even better opportunity in the future. 

If you do find yourself in a position where you've been rejected from a job, it's important to remain grateful and professional to keep future opportunities open. Use this article to help: How to Respond to a Rejection Email [With Examples] .

How to be best equipped for your job search 

A savvy job candidate will use every tool available to make the application process as smooth and streamlined as possible. Even the most qualified applicants can struggle to get a job quickly as the job market is highly competitive.

That's why we highly recommend relying on Teal to help you move through the process more quickly. With Teal, you have free access to the following resources:

• AI Resume Builder : Create and personalize resumes/cover letters in minutes. Then track your application status from Applying to Accepted .
• Autofill Job Application : Never fill out another job application again! Instead, use this Chrome extension to leverage AI and let Teal fill those tedious applications.
• LinkedIn Profile Review : Optimize your LinkedIn profile to make a better first impression on the world's largest professional social media platform.
• Contacts Tracker : Save contacts from LinkedIn to increase your network and start more meaningful conversations with hiring managers.
• Resume Examples : Learn from these battle-tested resume examples to find the best structure and format for your next application.
• Work Styles Assessment : Learn more about your work style by taking this 2-3 minute assessment.

Plus, it's 100% free to start, meaning you can hop in and start using AI technology to land your next interview today!

Sign up and let Teal simplify your job application process at every stage .  

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the most common stages of the job application process, how can i ensure my job application stands out among others, what can i do to expedite the job application process.

Nathan Thompson

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We help you find the career dream.

Application Essays

What this handout is about.

This handout will help you write and revise the personal statement required by many graduate programs, internships, and special academic programs.

Before you start writing

Because the application essay can have a critical effect upon your progress toward a career, you should spend significantly more time, thought, and effort on it than its typically brief length would suggest. It should reflect how you arrived at your professional goals, why the program is ideal for you, and what you bring to the program. Don’t make this a deadline task—now’s the time to write, read, rewrite, give to a reader, revise again, and on until the essay is clear, concise, and compelling. At the same time, don’t be afraid. You know most of the things you need to say already.

Read the instructions carefully. One of the basic tasks of the application essay is to follow the directions. If you don’t do what they ask, the reader may wonder if you will be able to follow directions in their program. Make sure you follow page and word limits exactly—err on the side of shortness, not length. The essay may take two forms:

• A one-page essay answering a general question
• Several short answers to more specific questions

Do some research before you start writing. Think about…

• The field. Why do you want to be a _____? No, really. Think about why you and you particularly want to enter that field. What are the benefits and what are the shortcomings? When did you become interested in the field and why? What path in that career interests you right now? Brainstorm and write these ideas out.
• The program. Why is this the program you want to be admitted to? What is special about the faculty, the courses offered, the placement record, the facilities you might be using? If you can’t think of anything particular, read the brochures they offer, go to events, or meet with a faculty member or student in the program. A word about honesty here—you may have a reason for choosing a program that wouldn’t necessarily sway your reader; for example, you want to live near the beach, or the program is the most prestigious and would look better on your resume. You don’t want to be completely straightforward in these cases and appear superficial, but skirting around them or lying can look even worse. Turn these aspects into positives. For example, you may want to go to a program in a particular location because it is a place that you know very well and have ties to, or because there is a need in your field there. Again, doing research on the program may reveal ways to legitimate even your most superficial and selfish reasons for applying.
• Yourself. What details or anecdotes would help your reader understand you? What makes you special? Is there something about your family, your education, your work/life experience, or your values that has shaped you and brought you to this career field? What motivates or interests you? Do you have special skills, like leadership, management, research, or communication? Why would the members of the program want to choose you over other applicants? Be honest with yourself and write down your ideas. If you are having trouble, ask a friend or relative to make a list of your strengths or unique qualities that you plan to read on your own (and not argue about immediately). Ask them to give you examples to back up their impressions (For example, if they say you are “caring,” ask them to describe an incident they remember in which they perceived you as caring).

Now, write a draft

This is a hard essay to write. It’s probably much more personal than any of the papers you have written for class because it’s about you, not World War II or planaria. You may want to start by just getting something—anything—on paper. Try freewriting. Think about the questions we asked above and the prompt for the essay, and then write for 15 or 30 minutes without stopping. What do you want your audience to know after reading your essay? What do you want them to feel? Don’t worry about grammar, punctuation, organization, or anything else. Just get out the ideas you have. For help getting started, see our handout on brainstorming .

Now, look at what you’ve written. Find the most relevant, memorable, concrete statements and focus in on them. Eliminate any generalizations or platitudes (“I’m a people person”, “Doctors save lives”, or “Mr. Calleson’s classes changed my life”), or anything that could be cut and pasted into anyone else’s application. Find what is specific to you about the ideas that generated those platitudes and express them more directly. Eliminate irrelevant issues (“I was a track star in high school, so I think I’ll make a good veterinarian.”) or issues that might be controversial for your reader (“My faith is the one true faith, and only nurses with that faith are worthwhile,” or “Lawyers who only care about money are evil.”).

Often, writers start out with generalizations as a way to get to the really meaningful statements, and that’s OK. Just make sure that you replace the generalizations with examples as you revise. A hint: you may find yourself writing a good, specific sentence right after a general, meaningless one. If you spot that, try to use the second sentence and delete the first.

Applications that have several short-answer essays require even more detail. Get straight to the point in every case, and address what they’ve asked you to address.

Now that you’ve generated some ideas, get a little bit pickier. It’s time to remember one of the most significant aspects of the application essay: your audience. Your readers may have thousands of essays to read, many or most of which will come from qualified applicants. This essay may be your best opportunity to communicate with the decision makers in the application process, and you don’t want to bore them, offend them, or make them feel you are wasting their time.

With this in mind:

• Do assure your audience that you understand and look forward to the challenges of the program and the field, not just the benefits.
• Do assure your audience that you understand exactly the nature of the work in the field and that you are prepared for it, psychologically and morally as well as educationally.
• Do assure your audience that you care about them and their time by writing a clear, organized, and concise essay.
• Do address any information about yourself and your application that needs to be explained (for example, weak grades or unusual coursework for your program). Include that information in your essay, and be straightforward about it. Your audience will be more impressed with your having learned from setbacks or having a unique approach than your failure to address those issues.
• Don’t waste space with information you have provided in the rest of the application. Every sentence should be effective and directly related to the rest of the essay. Don’t ramble or use fifteen words to express something you could say in eight.
• Don’t overstate your case for what you want to do, being so specific about your future goals that you come off as presumptuous or naïve (“I want to become a dentist so that I can train in wisdom tooth extraction, because I intend to focus my life’s work on taking 13 rather than 15 minutes per tooth.”). Your goals may change–show that such a change won’t devastate you.
• And, one more time, don’t write in cliches and platitudes. Every doctor wants to help save lives, every lawyer wants to work for justice—your reader has read these general cliches a million times.

Imagine the worst-case scenario (which may never come true—we’re talking hypothetically): the person who reads your essay has been in the field for decades. She is on the application committee because she has to be, and she’s read 48 essays so far that morning. You are number 49, and your reader is tired, bored, and thinking about lunch. How are you going to catch and keep her attention?

Assure your audience that you are capable academically, willing to stick to the program’s demands, and interesting to have around. For more tips, see our handout on audience .

Voice and style

The voice you use and the style in which you write can intrigue your audience. The voice you use in your essay should be yours. Remember when your high school English teacher said “never say ‘I’”? Here’s your chance to use all those “I”s you’ve been saving up. The narrative should reflect your perspective, experiences, thoughts, and emotions. Focusing on events or ideas may give your audience an indirect idea of how these things became important in forming your outlook, but many others have had equally compelling experiences. By simply talking about those events in your own voice, you put the emphasis on you rather than the event or idea. Look at this anecdote:

During the night shift at Wirth Memorial Hospital, a man walked into the Emergency Room wearing a monkey costume and holding his head. He seemed confused and was moaning in pain. One of the nurses ascertained that he had been swinging from tree branches in a local park and had hit his head when he fell out of a tree. This tragic tale signified the moment at which I realized psychiatry was the only career path I could take.

An interesting tale, yes, but what does it tell you about the narrator? The following example takes the same anecdote and recasts it to make the narrator more of a presence in the story:

I was working in the Emergency Room at Wirth Memorial Hospital one night when a man walked in wearing a monkey costume and holding his head. I could tell he was confused and in pain. After a nurse asked him a few questions, I listened in surprise as he explained that he had been a monkey all of his life and knew that it was time to live with his brothers in the trees. Like many other patients I would see that year, this man suffered from an illness that only a combination of psychological and medical care would effectively treat. I realized then that I wanted to be able to help people by using that particular combination of skills only a psychiatrist develops.

The voice you use should be approachable as well as intelligent. This essay is not the place to stun your reader with ten prepositional phrases (“the goal of my study of the field of law in the winter of my discontent can best be understood by the gathering of more information about my youth”) and thirty nouns (“the research and study of the motivation behind my insights into the field of dentistry contains many pitfalls and disappointments but even more joy and enlightenment”) per sentence. (Note: If you are having trouble forming clear sentences without all the prepositions and nouns, take a look at our handout on style .)

You may want to create an impression of expertise in the field by using specialized or technical language. But beware of this unless you really know what you are doing—a mistake will look twice as ignorant as not knowing the terms in the first place. Your audience may be smart, but you don’t want to make them turn to a dictionary or fall asleep between the first word and the period of your first sentence. Keep in mind that this is a personal statement. Would you think you were learning a lot about a person whose personal statement sounded like a journal article? Would you want to spend hours in a lab or on a committee with someone who shuns plain language?

Of course, you don’t want to be chatty to the point of making them think you only speak slang, either. Your audience may not know what “I kicked that lame-o to the curb for dissing my research project” means. Keep it casual enough to be easy to follow, but formal enough to be respectful of the audience’s intelligence.

Just use an honest voice and represent yourself as naturally as possible. It may help to think of the essay as a sort of face-to-face interview, only the interviewer isn’t actually present.

Too much style

A well-written, dramatic essay is much more memorable than one that fails to make an emotional impact on the reader. Good anecdotes and personal insights can really attract an audience’s attention. BUT be careful not to let your drama turn into melodrama. You want your reader to see your choices motivated by passion and drive, not hyperbole and a lack of reality. Don’t invent drama where there isn’t any, and don’t let the drama take over. Getting someone else to read your drafts can help you figure out when you’ve gone too far.

Taking risks

Many guides to writing application essays encourage you to take a risk, either by saying something off-beat or daring or by using a unique writing style. When done well, this strategy can work—your goal is to stand out from the rest of the applicants and taking a risk with your essay will help you do that. An essay that impresses your reader with your ability to think and express yourself in original ways and shows you really care about what you are saying is better than one that shows hesitancy, lack of imagination, or lack of interest.

But be warned: this strategy is a risk. If you don’t carefully consider what you are saying and how you are saying it, you may offend your readers or leave them with a bad impression of you as flaky, immature, or careless. Do not alienate your readers.

Some writers take risks by using irony (your suffering at the hands of a barbaric dentist led you to want to become a gentle one), beginning with a personal failure (that eventually leads to the writer’s overcoming it), or showing great imagination (one famous successful example involved a student who answered a prompt about past formative experiences by beginning with a basic answer—”I have volunteered at homeless shelters”—that evolved into a ridiculous one—”I have sealed the hole in the ozone layer with plastic wrap”). One student applying to an art program described the person he did not want to be, contrasting it with the person he thought he was and would develop into if accepted. Another person wrote an essay about her grandmother without directly linking her narrative to the fact that she was applying for medical school. Her essay was risky because it called on the reader to infer things about the student’s character and abilities from the story.

Assess your credentials and your likelihood of getting into the program before you choose to take a risk. If you have little chance of getting in, try something daring. If you are almost certainly guaranteed a spot, you have more flexibility. In any case, make sure that you answer the essay question in some identifiable way.

After you’ve written a draft

Get several people to read it and write their comments down. It is worthwhile to seek out someone in the field, perhaps a professor who has read such essays before. Give it to a friend, your mom, or a neighbor. The key is to get more than one point of view, and then compare these with your own. Remember, you are the one best equipped to judge how accurately you are representing yourself. For tips on putting this advice to good use, see our handout on getting feedback .

After you’ve received feedback, revise the essay. Put it away. Get it out and revise it again (you can see why we said to start right away—this process may take time). Get someone to read it again. Revise it again.

When you think it is totally finished, you are ready to proofread and format the essay. Check every sentence and punctuation mark. You cannot afford a careless error in this essay. (If you are not comfortable with your proofreading skills, check out our handout on editing and proofreading ).

If you find that your essay is too long, do not reformat it extensively to make it fit. Making readers deal with a nine-point font and quarter-inch margins will only irritate them. Figure out what material you can cut and cut it. For strategies for meeting word limits, see our handout on writing concisely .

Finally, proofread it again. We’re not kidding.

Other resources

Don’t be afraid to talk to professors or professionals in the field. Many of them would be flattered that you asked their advice, and they will have useful suggestions that others might not have. Also keep in mind that many colleges and professional programs offer websites addressing the personal statement. You can find them either through the website of the school to which you are applying or by searching under “personal statement” or “application essays” using a search engine.

If your schedule and ours permit, we invite you to come to the Writing Center. Be aware that during busy times in the semester, we limit students to a total of two visits to discuss application essays and personal statements (two visits per student, not per essay); we do this so that students working on papers for courses will have a better chance of being seen. Make an appointment or submit your essay to our online writing center (note that we cannot guarantee that an online tutor will help you in time).

For information on other aspects of the application process, you can consult the resources at University Career Services .

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Asher, Donald. 2012. Graduate Admissions Essays: Write Your Way Into the Graduate School of Your Choice , 4th ed. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press.

Curry, Boykin, Emily Angel Baer, and Brian Kasbar. 2003. Essays That Worked for College Applications: 50 Essays That Helped Students Get Into the Nation’s Top Colleges . New York: Ballantine Books.

Stelzer, Richard. 2002. How to Write a Winning Personal Statement for Graduate and Professional School , 3rd ed. Lawrenceville, NJ: Thomson Peterson.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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5 Process Essay Examples

A process essay is a type of essay that explains a process in detail. Good process essays don’t just explain the process but provides details about common mistakes to avoid as well as tips and methods to achieve success. Below are some example essays:

Process Essay Examples

#1 how to bake a chocolate cake.

1337 Words | 4 Pages

Thesis Statement: “The purpose of this essay is to guide readers through the enjoyable and straightforward process of baking a chocolate cake, highlighting the essential steps and tips to ensure a delicious and successful outcome.”

#2 How to Write a Resume

Thesis Statement: “This essay aims to provide a comprehensive guide on crafting an effective resume, detailing each step from gathering relevant information to finalizing the document, while offering practical tips and common pitfalls to avoid, ensuring a polished and professional presentation of one’s career achievements and qualifications.”

#3 How to Train for a Marathon

1508 Words | 5 Pages

Thesis Statement: “This essay provides a comprehensive guide to marathon training, detailing a strategic approach to building endurance, strength, and speed, coupled with essential advice on nutrition, hydration, and mental preparation, to equip runners of all levels with the knowledge and tools necessary for successfully completing a marathon.”

#4 How to Prepare for a Job Interview

1309 Words | 5 Pages

Thesis Statement: “This essay outlines a comprehensive strategy for job interview preparation, encompassing in-depth company research, personalized response formulation, professional presentation, and logistical planning, to equip candidates with the tools necessary for making a compelling and confident impression in their pursuit of career opportunities.”

#5 How to Write an Essay

1473 Words | 5 Pages

Thesis Statement: “This essay outlines a comprehensive, step-by-step approach to essay writing, from understanding the prompt to the final stages of revision and editing, providing essential tips and strategies to enhance writing skills and ensure the creation of a well-structured, persuasive, and effectively communicated piece.”

How to Write a Process Essay

The following template provides an overview of a process essay structure:

Grab this process essay template here.

Instructions: To write a process essay, start by introducing the process and its significance, ensuring the reader understands the purpose and value of the instructions. Next, present the preparation and materials required, before outlining each step of the process in a logical order, offering detailed explanations, tips, and potential pitfalls to avoid, ensuring clarity and ease of understanding. Conclude by summarizing the main steps and reinforcing the benefits or results of completing the process, leaving the reader with a clear understanding and the confidence to undertake the task.

How to Write a Thesis Statement for a Process

To write a thesis statement for a process essay, identify the process you’re explaining and clearly state the purpose or goal of the essay. Concisely outline the primary steps or stages involved in the process, ensuring clarity and direction for the reader. The thesis should be informative, indicating what the reader can expect to learn and achieve by following the essay.

💡 AI Prompt For Writing a Process Essay Thesis Statement “Create a thesis statement for a process essay on [TOPIC] that clearly identifies the specific process being explained. The thesis should state the purpose of the essay and briefly outline the main steps or stages involved in the process. Ensure that the statement is concise, informative, and guides the reader on what they will learn and achieve by reading the essay.”

Read Also: 101 Thesis Statement Examples

Suggested Process Essay Topics

For Grades 4 to 8:

• How to Organize a School Backpack.
• Steps to Create a Simple Science Fair Project.
• The Process of Planting and Caring for a Vegetable Garden.
• How to Write a Book Report.
• Making a Handcrafted Greeting Card.

For Grades 9 to 12:

• How to Prepare for the SATs.
• Steps for Conducting a Basic Scientific Experiment.
• Crafting an Effective Persuasive Essay.
• Planning and Executing a Community Service Project.
• The Process of Creating a Personal Budget.

For University/College:

• How to Conduct a Literature Review for a Research Paper.
• Writing a Successful College Application Essay.
• The Process of Developing a Mobile App.
• How to Create a Comprehensive Marketing Plan.
• Steps for Conducting a Qualitative Research Study.
• Preparing and Delivering an Effective Oral Presentation.
• The Process of Writing a Business Plan.
• How to Analyze a Case Study in Business School.
• Crafting a Dissertation or Thesis Proposal.
• Developing and Implementing a Personal Fitness Plan.

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How to Write a Process Essay

The process essay, also known as the "how-to" essay, is commonly written for people or companies that need tutorials or a set of instructional steps. Whether it's building a robot or cooking a chocolate cake, process essays use a similar format for any variations. They follow a step-by-step style, with the initial step influencing the second, which influences the third, and so on. Each step carries its own importance, and a poor explanation of one step can ruin the entire process. It's important to stay concise and efficient. However, before you begin writing your essay, you should do some small preparations. Let's discover them with our research writing service .

What Is a Process Paper?

A process essay is a type of essay that explains a process step by step and gives guidance for a certain process, working mechanism, procedure, etc. Process essays range from very simple ones, such as instructions for how to ride a bicycle, to more complex ones, such as a chemistry lab report of an oxidative reaction experiment. The goal of a process paper is to give its readers guidance and directions. 

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A process paper is characterized, first of all, by explaining a process using a description. Some words that are frequently used in process essays are “further”, “then”, “next”, “first”, “last”, “finally”, and “initially”. It is really important to remember that every process essay includes features, such as:

• clear and straightforward narration - the last thing you want to do is to confuse your reader with complex language and an unorganized thought thread;
• chronological order - avoid skipping steps and shifting them around, as it will result in misunderstanding and frustration for the readers;
• transition words - make sure to separate the next step from the previous ones by using transition words;
• descriptions of the steps - make sure your steps are clear and easy to follow.

There are several types of process essays. The first one is directional - it explains the “how to” for something. It can take on a wide range of subjects, such as how to apply for a credit card, how to get your driver’s license, how to plan a wedding, etc. The outcome of the directional essay should be a result. In the cases of the examples above: a credit card, a driver’s license, or a carefully planned wedding. The other type of process paper is informational - it explains how something works. Here are some examples: how a weather forecast is determined, how a space rocket works, how intermittent fasting changes your body, etc. An informational essay explains something to a reader and does not necessarily end up with a result, like directional does. 

Another type of essay that is similar to a process essay is a process analysis essay. The biggest difference is that a process analysis essay not only explains the steps, but also analyses them in depth. It has all of the characteristics of a process essay, although goes into more detail about the causes and consequences of every step.

If you need any additional information for process analysis essays, check out our article: HOW TO WRITE A PROCESS ANALYSIS ESSAY

Writing a process essay is not extremely difficult. By following simple rules and a set of steps, a successful, well-structured essay can be guaranteed.

Prepare The Small Stuff

Here we gathered some small general tips and advice that you should follow throughout your writing process to make sure that all of the expectations of a process paper are met.

• Determine the Audience's Skill Level. It's important to base the level of complexity of the essay on who the readers will be. For example, if you need to teach a friend how to do a simple fix or create a certain tool, then it would be most reasonable to stick to more basic terminology. However, if you are writing an essay for your astrophysics professor about the creation of a black hole in the universe, use more sophisticated and informative terminology.
• Make a List of Materials. Obviously, the creation of anything comes with some prerequisites. Whether it's items or ideas, the importance of knowing the necessities beforehand and having them ready to go is essential. Make sure to place each item in accordance with its importance. The more impactful a part is, the higher up on the list it should be. 
• Write out Each Task. In a step-by-step tutorial, each individual task carries some sort of weight. Since an entire process can not be complete if a step is skipped, it's crucial to write out every single step. However, don't go overboard in your explanations. It's not necessary to bring the tutorial to a microscopic level, but each step should be understandable and competent.

If you still have difficulty writing, you can get essay help online from our service.

Process Essay Topics

Choosing a topic for a process paper can be quite challenging. A good place to start is with your passions. If you pick something you are excited about, you can make it interesting for your readers and fun for yourself to write about. If your professor limits you to write a process essay on something you have very little knowledge of, choose a topic that is intriguing and triggers your interest. Then, conduct enough thorough research to make sure you understand everything perfectly before you go ahead and try to explain it to someone else. 

Another very important thing to consider while writing a process essay is your audience. It is highly unlikely that college students are interested in instructions for “How to Get Into Your Dream School” or “How to Pass Your SATs”. Make sure your topic relates to the subject you are studying and you are following your professor’s prompt guidelines.

Here are some ideas that might be of interest for you:

• How to lose weight on a keto diet
• How your immune system fights COVID-19
• How to start selling on Amazon
• How to improve your credit score
• How to decrease your social media usage
• How to apply for unemployment insurance
• How to improve your college performance 
• How to open your first bank account

It's important to note that these essay topics are just some common examples used by several college students for their course papers. Feel free to use any one of them if you want, or think of one on your own. Just make sure it's a PROCESS!

Process Essay Outline

Most essay outlines follow the standard scheme: Intro > Body Paragraphs > Conclusion . follow the standard scheme: Intro > Body Paragraphs > Conclusion. A good process essay outline should look like this:

• Introduction — brief your reader on your topic, explain why you have chosen it and how you are planning to approach the explanation of the process. 
• Body — the biggest part of your essay that should be divided into paragraphs for easier understanding and structure. Make sure each paragraph is flowing smoothly into the next one with connective words.

Paragraph 1. First step of the process. Explain what the step is, what the best way to perform it is, and how to avoid common mistakes when doing it.

Paragraph 2. The next step of the process (the same as in Paragraph 1). Thoroughly explain what this step is about.

• Conclusion . Here you need to explain why your instructions are valuable. It is your opportunity to persuade your reader(s) that the steps you presented and the process they learned will be useful for them in the future. 

Every process is different: some can take a couple of minutes, while others can take months or years to complete. The length of the essay is generally based on the difficulty and number of steps it takes. However, the structure doesn't maneuver.

Introduction

The first thing that you want to do as a writer for your process paper is to help your readers be interested in your individual process. Be descriptive about it, paint a picture for your readers. A joke or a personal reference can be a great attention grabber and can pull your reader right in. For somebody to be keen on approaching your process, they have to express interest in it. Though, it generally goes without saying that many writers ignore this fact. Let's break it down into subsections:

• Give a little bit of historical background. People often want to know the origins of whatever it is that they're working on. Introducing this part of the process helps to intrigue your readers, as well as give them a sense of purpose for the task.
• Create an approximate timeframe. Unfortunately, your readers don't have all day to spend on this one event. In addition to learning about its purpose, people want to know how long the task will take. This way, they can decide how to break up the work. If it's a quick fix, then they can knock it out in one session. However, if it's a large-scale operation, then your readers will obviously have to create their own time schedule.

For example, let’s say that the topic of your essay is “How to Save Money”. You can start the introduction of your process essay by explaining that as a college student, you often find yourself in need of extra money and you are stuck with bad money habits. This will create a good connection with your readers, because almost everyone has been in a situation of needing to be savvy with their finances. Another thing you can mention is the importance of saving money and the multiple opportunities it presents, such as being able to invest it, being able to pay off a credit card debt, or being able to save up to avoid taking out a student loan.

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Body Paragraphs

This is the point in the process essay where you start introducing the step-by-step process your readers will need to take. A lot of the time, it helps to break down each process into subsections. For example, if a step has many parts to it, it would be clever to create a paragraph on its own just for that step. Remember, it's important to keep things smooth and efficient. Break down the body paragraphs in unity with the steps. Let's go into more detail about each step:

Each step should be carefully explained.  Every step will vary in length. Think about it: every instruction manual has several steps. Some are more difficult to comprehend or perform than others. For this reason, create your steps and explanations accordingly. You should be able to get a sense of their length and difficulty based on the explanation.

Don't forget to explain the purpose.  People don't want orders barked at them aimlessly. Besides just accomplishing a task, people want to learn as they perform.

• Why did they do this?
• What was the purpose of this method?
• Why did we do it this way and not this other way?

To make everything flow smoothly use transitions.  Make the steps flow one after another to create a well-structured essay. As you introduce the next step, consider using transition words like “next”, “now”, “then”, “so that”, etc.

Before writing the steps out in full sentences, it is a great idea to create an outline for your body paragraphs. Here is an outline for the body paragraphs of a process essay on “How to Save Money”:

Paragraph 1:

• keep track of your expenses
• organize your collected data
• decide what you can skimp on in your spendings

Paragraph 2:

• create a realistic budget
• check weekly to ensure you are sticking to it
• save 15% of every monthly income
• set a tangible goal for saving, such as a car

These process essay examples use only two body paragraphs, but feel free to include more to ensure a better understanding and cohesive flow for your paper. Although, do not include excessive unnecessary details that clutter your essay and make understanding it even more difficult. While writing your essay, include small brief explanations for each statement. For example, “Even though eating out and grabbing a coffee on your way to class sounds tempting, setting a budget and saving 15% of each of your monthly earnings aside can help you have enough to put down a downpayment on a new car.” Here the reader will understand that there is a direct relationship between each step and the result it is going to give. 

Showing the readers that they are learning and not just repeating is one of the most effective ways to lock down their attention and keep them coming back!

After going through every step meticulously and explaining the whole process, a process essay needs a confident conclusion. This paragraph should be short, sweet, and to the point. It's main goal is to accomplish the following tasks:

• Discuss the main result. After the readers have completed the process, they should be left with a final result. It's important that you explain to your readers what the end result will look like, and what can be done with it.
• Restate the process’s general purpose. After completing the task, you obviously would like to know its overall purpose. When your readers feel that they have accomplished a challenge, learned something from it, and have a path to take the result towards, they will be satisfied!
• State your Overall Conclusion. To put a pretty tie around your process essay means that you need to neatly wrap things up! Restate some of the highlightable points as well as the process’s key overall purpose. Make sure that your readers feel accomplished after going through your process, and  ensure that you strengthen the necessity of its purpose with a nice concluding sentence!

The conclusion of an essay on “How to Save Money” would explain that the completion of all of the steps will result in saving money that can be used for a specific goal or for rainy day fund purposes. You can mention the importance of every step and briefly repeat some of the key points. 

Post-Writing Tips

Here are some final tips to wrap up your writing process. Use them as a checklist for a successful and coherent essay. 

• Make sure the work is simple enough to follow. Worst-case-scenario: its author creates a feeling of absolute confusion in the reader’s mind. To avoid this problem, always remember that your readers can be beginners. Do not try to impress them with complicated words or sentences, use simple language to provide clear directions on how to do something. Give as many details as possible, but do it plainly. "Why is he making me do this?" "What was the purpose of this?" "I don't understand this step at all!" If the reader is asking themself these questions, then it's time to do some editing!
• Experiment and try it for yourself or ask a friend. There's no better way to experience success than to actively attempt your process through your own instructions. If everything truly makes sense, then you should have no problem solving the task using your own words. Even better, ask a peer to try it through your words to get an outside point of view.
• Choose the right topic for you and research it well
• Maintain a logical order of steps, make it easy to follow
• Avoid using imperative sentences - you do not want to sound like an Apple TV manual
• Explain terms that are most likely outside of most people’s range of common knowledge 

If you have a ready-made essay but need to make significant changes to it, you can use our rewrite my essay service .

Process Essay Examples

Now that you know all about process essays and how to write them, we have prepared some great essay topic ideas in case you are stuck and cannot choose one:

Building a business from scratch is an intricate process that entails a number of steps. Each of these steps should have specific objectives and measurable outcomes.The following analysis gives the basic steps followed when building any business from scratch.

Saving can be defined as a differed consumption or keeping aside a portion of your income for unexpected future uncertainties or plans. Read for reason and actual steps for saving more money

Read also a thesis statement example from our author. In this article, you can learn something useful for yourself.

Still Need Help?

If you still feel like you could use some help with your process essay, do not hesitate to seek help from our writing service. Our writers specialize in a wide range of essays of different types including creative writing essay , process essays, and would be more than happy to assist you with writing, editing, or direction if you are feeling uneasy. Click the button below and college admission essay writer will process your requests fast.

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Never again will you sputter and stutter your way through telling a prospective employer who you are and what job skills you bring to the table. Your job application essay turns your elevator pitch into an irresistible call to action: hiring you. Several methods help you write a tight essay that holds a recruiter's attention and gets straight to the point. The funnel and the graphic organizer make it easy to write your job essay.

Funnel Essay Example

Remember high school essays? You start with a general descriptive statement, make three to five supporting points and finish with a conclusion. It looks like this when you outline your essay: Introduction: Broad statement introducing yourself and stating the type of job that interests you. Main Point One

• Supporting Point One
• Supporting Point Two
• Supporting Point Three

Main Point Two

Main Point Three

Conclusion The introduction should state the job category that interests you. It should also specify the job title and three to five of the duties from the advertisement for the job. For example: I'm interested in the position of executive chef that you have advertised at Indeed.com. I've worked as a sous chef at Sandals Jamaica Resorts for the past three years. I 've earned the Grand Dipl_ô_me from Le Cordon Bleu Paris. I bring with me the fusion of fine French cuisine and bold Jamaican flavors. When you open the basket that accompanies this essay, you'll see, smell and taste the very freshest and most flavorful ingredients the island of Jamaica has to offer, lovingly rendered and interpreted through Cordon Bleu techniques. From the Grand Marnier glaze on the jerk chicken to the freshly grated coconut and bitter orange peel in the individual mango cheesecakes with macaron crusts, the flavors of Jamaica take a starring role. Who needs a résumé when you have a Cordon Bleu boxed lunch par deux?

Graphic Organizer Essay Example

When you want to strike a creative note, using a graphic organizer, such as a bubble chart, will help you brainstorm. This method works very well for people who prefer visual or hands-on learning. If you seek a position as a visual merchandiser, cosmetologist, metalworker or auto mechanic, a graphic organizer may help you get your thoughts in order. Print one of the graphic organizers from the resource section of this article. Write your introductory sentence in the center Topic bubble if you use the Cluster/Word Web 1 organizer. Write in the top bubble if you use the Goal/Reasons wheel. Brainstorm job-related details to fill the remaining bubbles. Use the resulting charts to write your essay. For example:

In the center or topic bubble: I want to join the police force to serve as an armed school resource officer. Below that, in bubbles One, Two and Three, you see: I completed three tours of duty with the United States Marine Corps between 2006 and 2018. I learned to face the enemy with courage, protect innocent lives and preserve the safety and security of U.S. interests abroad. Children shouldn't have to worry about their safety and security while in school. By patrolling the grounds and being a living shield, I can give these kids a chance to finish their educations without being paralyzed by fear. My combat experience ensures that you can rely on me to be where I'm needed most at all times. Through my vigilance, no child in this school will ever have to cower in a cupboard.

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Many careers require written communication such as letters, memos or short e-mails. As a result, employers place a high importance on good communication skills in the work place. When a number of applicants apply for the same position, employers may ask for a writing sample, also known as an application essay, to evaluate their skills. A well-written application essay can help you stand out among other applicants and may help you land the job.

A company may give you the freedom to select the topic of your application essay. You may want to consider narrowing down your options to those that apply to the career you are pursuing with the company. For example, you may wish to write about an aspect of the hiring process if you are in human resources. This not only allows the company to see your written communication skills, but will give a potential employer insight into your knowledge in a particular area.

Some companies will give you a topic for the essay. If this is the case, read the topic carefully to avoid any misunderstanding. Keep your essay professional and relative to your career and background. You should avoid bringing up your personal life, such as marital status, age and medical conditions, as this information might lead to unintentional judgments on the part of the employer before meeting you.

Every essay should begin with an introduction, then move into the body of the essay, and finally end with a conclusion. The introduction and conclusion should each be no more than a paragraph or two in length. The main body of your essay contains the points you make regarding the essay topic. The length of this portion will depend on the requirements given by your potential employer and the complexity of the topic. If the application essay asks for two examples, make sure you follow these specific directions -- this helps an employer identify you as a job candidate who can follow directions.

You should be clear and concise when you relate your ideas. Your potential employer will be evaluating the way you communicate, and your essay may be of significant importance if the position you are applying for requires strong written communication. To keep you from veering off track in your essay, make a list of the points you want to make and refer to this list frequently as you write.

Not only should you take your time writing, you should also spend time revising to ensure your essay is free of grammatical errors. Make sure to also evaluate whether each paragraph relates directly to the topic of your essay. You may want to ask a professional editor to read over your essay and offer suggestions for improvement.

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Kate Beck started writing for online publications in 2005. She worked as a certified ophthalmic technician for 10 years before returning to school to earn a Masters of Fine Arts degree in writing. Beck is currently putting the finishing touches on a novel.

Compare & Contrast Essay Structure

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• Writing Skill: Development
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• Timed Writing (Expectations)
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• Introduction Paragraphs
• Body Paragraphs
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Process Essay Example 2

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A Successful Job Interview

       Job interviews can be very scary experiences, even for people who have gone through the process many times. To pass the interview, candidates must present themselves well and show that in addition to being the most qualified for a certain position, they are also able to explain why. The interviewers sit across a large desk and take notes on every answer that is given. Performance in the job interview frequently determines if a candidate will get the job. Because the job interview is so important, it must be carefully prepared for, especially in very competitive fields. There are a few basic steps that anyone can take to be prepared for a job interview.

       The first step is to research the company carefully. Before job candidates ever go into a job interview, they should look up any information they can find about the company online. One reason for this is a very practical one: it can help the job candidates make sure that they want to work for a particular company or that they have the necessary skills for the job they are applying for. If the company feels like the right fit, doing research about the company will also give job candidates an advantage in the interview. It is easy for the interviewer to know if a job candidate is informed about the company during the job interview because the interviewer will typically be someone who has experience in the company. Researching the company will also help job candidates prepare a few questions of their own. Questions to research could include what the company sells, who the leaders are, where they do business, if they have been in the news (and why), or how the company stocks are doing. The initial step of doing some research about the company is crucial to being ready for an interview.

       After job candidates have done some research online and decided to move forward with the job application, the next thing they should do is prepare a resume. The resume first needs to fit the job description and show any experience that job candidates have that would make them a good candidate for the job. For example, if a job candidate is applying for a job as a receptionist, it is better to include work experience from an office job than work experience from a job in a restaurant. In addition to work experience, the resume should include any skills that job candidates have that would be useful in the job they are applying for. Sometimes these skills are listed specifically in the job description as required skills. Sometimes they are listed as preferred skills. In either case, listing relevant skills will help potential employers understand who is most qualified for a certain job. Finally, the resume should look very professional. The fonts should be easy to read and the spelling and grammar should not have mistakes. An accurate, carefully written resume will put any job candidate one step closer to being ready for a job interview.

       Finally, job candidates should practice for the interview. Lists of interview questions are widely available online, and by practicing before going into an interview, candidates can feel more confident in the interview. While interview questions cannot be perfectly anticipated, many common mistakes can be avoided by having time to think about the anwer before candidates are put on the spot. For example, some interviewers may ask a job candidate to describe one of his weaknesses. That topic can be especially difficult to talk about if a job candidate has never thought about it before because it will typically be associated with negative feelings. Even if candidates don’t practice the questions that are asked in the interview, having the experience of answering questions intelligently will increase their confidence and help them appear more relaxed in the interview. This final step will help job candidates be ready for an interview.

       While they may seem simple, these steps will help job candidates be ready for their next job interview. Researching the company will give them the background knowledge they need, polishing their resume will give the company hiring committee the background information they need, and practicing for the interview will help candidates show their strengths. Job interviews will still cause some nervousness, but they don’t need to cause job candidates crippling fear. With the right preparation, even if it’s your first interview, you’ll be ready.

Exercise 1: Analyze an essay

Read one of the two Process Example Essays on the following pages to complete this exercise.

• Label the introduction paragraph, the body paragraphs, and the conclusion paragraph.
• Circle the hook.
• What is the general topic of the essay?
• Underline the thesis.
• Underline each of the topic sentences.
• Do each of the topic sentences support the thesis?
• Does the conclusion paragraph start by restating the thesis?

This content is provided to you freely by EdTech Books.

Access it online or download it at https://edtechbooks.org/academic_a_writing/process_essay_examplz .

Job Application Process Essays

Racism in the job application process, popular essay topics.

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Nov 9, 2022

How to write a professional job application email with 6 samples and templates

Your email can make or break your job application. Here we explain the process for writing an effective email for a job application.

Lawrie Jones

Table of contents

So, you’re looking for a job and you know that a critical part of your success will be your email application.

In this guide, we explain the process for writing an effective email for a job application. We don’t stop at the first application but provide examples of several follow-up emails for job applications after no response here .

Follow the advice, and you’ll stand the best chance of getting the job of your dreams (or something to fill the time until that comes along).

How to write an email for a job application

The average recruiter receives 250 applications for each post and spends no more than 7 seconds scanning your message (about the same time it takes to tie your shoes).

The key to success is standing out. That doesn’t mean trying to be witty or wacky, but being a pro is the same process you must use through all job application follow-up emails.

What you need to apply to a job via email

Let’s clarify what a job email is. It’s not a cover letter or a CV but a mechanism to deliver them.

Some people don’t bother to spend much time on an application email but get your application email wrong, and the recruiter may not even bother to read your resume or open your application letter.

Why? Because if they’re dealing with 250 responses, they’re actively looking for reasoning to exclude applications – so don’t let that be you!

Each recruiter has their own application process, but there are some pretty standard things that you’ll need to include with every application, including:

• Cover letter
• Work samples (optional, but a nice extra!)

Here's a brief explainer if you don’t know what these are.

1. Cover letter

Your cover letter is a formal part of the application process where you introduce yourself, describe your skills, why you want the job, and what value you can add for the business. 

We’re not going to walk you through how to write a cover letter. However, there are some amazing online resources , so start there. 

You can attach your cover letter as a Word document or PDF. It’s essential to use a file that can be downloaded, printed, and shared – so avoid using Google Docs or cloud software.

2. CV (resume)

Your CV is the story of your working life, a snapshot of your skills, and a chance to highlight your achievements. Again, we’re not going to explain how to create a compelling CV , but we recommend using a simple, easy-to-read, and understandable template.

Again, don’t try to be fancy with formats – create a document that can be downloaded, printed, and shared. 

3. Samples of work (optional)

As the experts say, “show, don’t tell.” You can use your application email to showcase your skills and previous results. You can attach a portfolio, photos, or videos or provide a link to your website or social media in your email.

Some tips from us are to introduce examples and explain the impact. Who cares if you designed a great-looking poster? But if that poster boosted sales by 50%, that’s a different matter.

The second piece of advice is only to include a few examples (3 is a great number). Too many appear desperate.

Thirdly, only share work that’s 100% yours. If you worked as part of a team or an organization, make your role clear. Never claim other people’s work as your own.

Finally, be prepared to answer questions on these examples at your interview – including what you did in the process.

Best job application email tips

We’re all about providing information, advice, and terrific tips to help you get ahead of the competition and secure that essential interview.

Here are 7 job application email tips. (Why 7? Because that’s the world’s favorite number , and we couldn’t think of 10.)

1. Send your application email and CV for review

Tip number 1 is the most critical. After proofreading at least twice (or eight times), send your job application email and CV to a friend, colleague, parent, or mentor – or all of them – and ask for feedback, comments, and suggestions.

Your email will give the first impression, so make sure it’s personal, professional, formal, friendly, and favorable.

2. Make a convincing pitch in the email body

Remember that hiring managers, executives, and founders are busy and will not often open or read your full CV. So you’ll need to convince them in the email body that it’s worth their time to read further.

Think of your email as an advert for you:

• A persuasive subject line gets the attention (and may result in opened email)
• A compelling email body makes the recipient want to learn more (and may result in opened CV)
• Convincing CV makes the recipient want to contact you (and may result in an interview)

The most important thing is to reflect the language in the job spec. The recruiter has been straightforward about what they want and who they’re looking for. Using their language can help to establish that the person to fit the slot is you!

3. Make it easy to contact you

Even though you might have all the necessary contact information in your CV, please include them in the email. This reduces the steps between clicks and contact.

Here are some of the things you should include in every job application email: Use this 

• phone number
• social media links (LinkedIn and Twitter)
• portfolio links (optional)

4. Use a professional email address

Sure, the email address you created when you were 12 or first started college was funny then but is it today? Unfortunately, the chances are it isn’t!

Make sure you have an appropriate email address for a job application. Creating a new email address doesn’t cost anything, and setting up alerts on your phone is simple, so why jeopardize your chances with [email protected] ?

(Don’t email this, we don’t know who owns it!)

5. Check the name of your resume file name

We’ve touched on the importance of using the correct formats for cover letters and CVs.

When you create your CV, give the file (Word document, PDF, or whatever) a professional name that can also be identified with you.

You never know where it might end up.

Here’s a formal naming convention: “Name - CV - Position,” for example:

• Arthur Shelby - CV - Binman at Shelby Company Ltd.

6. Use references if you can

Do you know someone who works or used to work at the company? Or do you know someone who knows someone who works or used to work at the company?

Warm connections are always better than cold emailing (even if it’s unfair). As the saying goes, your network is your net worth, so try to leverage it to your advantage.

7. Include social proof

Have you already done similar work for someone else? Show it!

Social proof is powerful and backs up the statements you may have made in your application email, cover letter, and resume.

Social proof also includes social channels. LinkedIn is used worldwide, so don’t be afraid to drop in a link to your profile. It also creates a connection, so even if you don’t get this job, you’ll be the first to know of the latest opportunities.

Job application email format

Job application emails aren’t the time to get creative or buck the trend. However, there’s an accepted format for all job application emails, which we break down below. 

1. Subject line for job application email

What’s a suitable email title for a job application? You could go crazy and say, “I’m perfect for this job!!!” but that would be silly. Instead, the subject line for your job application email should be simple to read and easy to understand.

The traditional (and still best) approach is to state your name and the job you’re applying for (or a combination of that). Here are a few examples:

Applying for a job probably is the best place to get creative, so stick to a simple subject line for your job application emails. 

2. Email greeting for job application

Your email greeting should be polite and professional. Examples of that include:

• Dear (an oldie, but a goodie!)

If you know the recruiter's name, then use it. People always love to receive emails addressed to them. One thing to avoid is the phrase “Dear Sir/Madam” or using formal titles such as Mr, Mrs, or Ms. We’ve got a whole world of possibilities, so it’s time we all moved on from traditional (old-fashioned) titles.

3. How to start a job application email

First up, state the purpose of your email. 

• I am applying for the post of (job name)

Doing this means the person understands what the message is about – which will save them time. Also, in many cases, the person receiving the email won’t be the recruiter, so they can file it away and share it with the person (or persons) who need to see it. 

After that, you’ll need to explain what you’ve included with the email (your resume, cover letter, and examples). It’s always worth providing at least a few positive sentences on the opportunity. Finally, you’ll need to include any requested information, such as salary expectations. 

4. How to end an email job application

There are conflicting opinions on how to end an email job application. We recommend asking for information on the next steps. Here’s how this can work:

• Please can you provide me with details on the next steps in the process?

This leaves the recipient in no doubt that you’re serious about your application. If they reply, you’ll be reassured that they’ve received your application. Finally, you’ll know the timescales for decision-making, which removes the need to send a follow-up. 

Always ask for the next steps in the process at the end of every email job application. 

5. Email signature for job application

Sign off with your full name, phone number, and social media links (LinkedIn and Twitter), and attach your CV. Provide all information the recipient will need to contact and connect with you. 

Job application email samples

We’ve talked a lot about the process; now, let’s put it into practice! These job application email samples cover 7 common situations you might experience when searching for a job. You’ll get a simple job application email sample, some application follow-up emails, and even how to withdraw an application if needed. 

Use these job application email examples to start your job search, but edit and update them to suit your specific circumstances.

1. Simple job application email sample

This simple job application email sample can be cut, pasted, edited, and amended for pretty much any opportunity. It’s not exciting or innovative, but it provides a structured way to communicate the critical points you need to. 

2. Email introduction for job application sample

The previous email sample covered how to apply for a job, this one is similar, but it’s about introducing yourself to the recruiter. This introduction approach is a great way to make a personal connection and can work well for several situations. 

3. Job application status email sample

We’re clear that you should always ask for details on the next steps in the recruitment process, but as we all know, real life doesn’t always follow rigid plans. This job application status email sample is a way to politely push the recruiter to let you know what’s happening in the recruitment process. 

4. Withdraw the job application email sample

Yes, there are some occasions when you might need to withdraw a job application, in most cases because you’ve got another job.

You don’t need to explain why you’re removing yourself from a recruitment process, but most people usually do (and we have in this withdraw job application email sample). 

5. How to email HR for a job application update

When emailing the recruiting managers, you’ll need to be formal as they decide your destiny. On the other hand, HR teams deal with large volumes of applications, so this short message is fine. Here’s how to email HR for a job application update. 

6. How to write an email to accept a job offer

Hooray, you’ve been offered a job; now it’s time to say yes. Here’s how to write an email to accept a job offer.

Job application email template

Flowrite's email template for job application.

There is no 100% right or wrong way to send a job application. But having an effective email template, using proper grammar, and email format will help, as you need to most likely send many, many emails to land your dream job.

This is where Flowrite comes in. Flowrite's AI-powered smart templates can help you craft better emails.

Our tool turns your words into ready-to-send emails, like this:

Final words on job application emails

In reality, you’ll need to send many job emails, follow-ups , and reminders to get a position.

It’s the way the world of recruitment works, and we know it can be frustrating.

But trust us, by investing some time crafting high-quality job application emails and persuasive follow-ups, you’ll stand the best chance of getting a perfect position.

Supercharge your communication with Flowrite

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The Stages In Our Application Process

At Job Duck, we’re committed to helping talented individuals from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, and Mexico build rewarding careers while working remotely for U.S.-based businesses.  

Our application process has evolved, enabling us to better connect applicants with the opportunities most suited to their skills and aspirations. 

Step 1: Apply Now  

Start by visiting our website. Click the “Apply Now” button in the top-right corner to begin the journey. 

Step 2: Exploration  

You will be redirected to our job listings, a treasure trove of exciting remote roles. Explore these opportunities and select the one that suits you best. 

Step 3: Account Creation  

Upon selecting the desired role, click “Apply Now.” Next, you’ll be asked to create an account to begin the application process. 

Step 4: Profile Submission  

Here, you will complete a series of steps and upload crucial documents, such as your resume, an essay detailing why we should hire from your country, and your English proficiency test (EFSET 15-min Quick Check English Test). Once you’ve filled out all the necessary details, click “Submit Now” to move to the next stage. 

Step 5: Interview  

If your profile meets our criteria, our guides will contact you to arrange an interview. Make sure your internet connection, equipment, and surroundings are prepared for the interview. 

Step 6: Complete Your Profile  

During this stage, you will need to complete your profile by including your professional references on your Workday account. Make sure to fill out the background check and send over your computer test as well.  

Step 7: Duck University  

When you pass the interview stage, you’ll receive an invitation to our paid, week-long training program, Duck University. Here, you’ll learn the vitals of being a Virtual Assistant. Your success hinges not just on your performance but also on task completion, among other factors. 

Step 8: Sign Contract  

Upon graduating from Duck University, we’ll walk you through your employment contract. Once you’ve had all your queries answered and you’re happy to proceed, sign the contract, and our team will start matching you with a U.S. employer. 

Step 9: US Employer Interview  

Our team will set up an interview with a potential U.S. employer. This is your chance to make an impression and secure your remote role. 

Step 10: Time to Celebrate  

Congratulations on making it this far! If the U.S. employer is convinced of your fit for the role post-interview, you’re all set. Your work-from-home journey begins as soon as your start date is finalized. If your first match isn’t successful, rest assured – we’ll continue to arrange interviews with other employers until you find the perfect fit. 

Remember, at Job Duck, our team members’ success is our success. If you’re looking to begin a rewarding career from the comfort of your own home, CLICK HERE TO APPLY NOW , and let us guide you on your journey to remote work excellence! Curious about the changes we made to our application process? Click here to read Making Job Applications Easier with Job Duck.  

Until next time, 

The Job Duck Team 

50 Comments

Hi. I need to ask, if you passed the first stage, are you going to receive an email to tell you whether your profile was accepted? That is after submitting your profile?

Hi! Yes, you will hear from us after every stage of the process. The profile stage is the second or third stage depending on how you apply.

So i have created my profile,completed the Essay,submitted my Resume,Cover letter and 90second video. What will be the next process?

Hello I did all of the processing information asked for but I have not get a response from job duck is that normal?

We will definitely get back to you. Please be sure to check your spam folder because sometimes our emails land there.

We wish you the best of luck.

Warm regards,  The Job Duck Team

Your consultants are very efficient, whilst awaiting for my first stage process to begin I got confused by the email I received prior and I was assisted by Valery, she was so kind and helpful she gave me additional information that helped me understand the full process. Keep up the good work.

Thanks for sharing the detailed information about your process, it helps ease the mind.

We are happy to hear that! If you have any questions, please, don’t hesitate to reach out to us.

Good day, Do you have any tips on how to write the essay? Can I use Google as my source of the essay and reference my sources or it must be my information purely?

Well, we’ve got some great news for you! Please visit our resources section on our website to find some incredible tips on how to write an essay. We hope that helps!

Warm regards, The Job Duck Team.

Thank you for this information it gives direction to where you heading too with the application,can’t wait to go through it.

Thank you very much! We are happy to hear that. You’ll do great! Best of luck!

Good day, kindly assist i was never asked for 90second video but already received unsuccessful applications

Hi there, that is the second stage of our application process. If you didn’t pass the first stage, then we never asked you for a 90-second video. Then don’t worry. If you did pass the first stage of our process, maybe you missed that instruction. Remember to read carefully every piece of information in our forms. ????

I did the second stage patiently waiting to be replied so that i know if i am going through.

You must have done a great job, we wish you the best of luck Antonette! ????

Does the 90 sec video have to be exactly 90 sec or is there a allowance for it?

Also, is there a given time to submit the 2nd stage requirements or one can submit once they are ready?

Hi Molly! It can be a couple of seconds shorter or a little longer. Nevertheless, the file’s size should be big enough to upload. You can upload them whenever they are ready, but the longer you take to submit your documents, the longer it will take to move forward on our process. Moreover, you will have more competition. We hope you find this information helpful. We wish you the best of luck!

Hello Job duck team, I have been trying to download the resume template and the essay documents. it gives me the “server error”. Can someone please help me fix this issue or perhaps send the documents in another way. Also are the video examples for the introduction that we have to do? Thank you.

This is quite odd. Someone from our team will contact you and send you everything you need.

Does a person know immediately during the interview if they’re accepted or not?

It usually takes two-to-three business days, but it can take longer. Nevertheless, we always get back to you. Please be sure to check your spam folder constantly. Thanks for your comment.

Roughly, how long does it take for someone to find a job after Duck Univeisity?

Duck University…

The Duck University is part of our application process. We send the results back via email on Fridays. Passing the Duck Univesity test does not guarantee you a job, but it means that you are one step closer.

Warm regards, The Job Duck Team

How long does it take to hear from you after the second stage?

Usually, it takes 2-3 business days, but it can also take longer. Be sure to check in your spam folder as well, as our emails land in there from time to time. Good luck!

Hi Job duck team! I would like to know if you achieve to get duck university stage and you don’t fulfill the requirements there, you will be paid for those days anyway? or an applicant must pass everything to get the training payment?

Yes, as long as you attended all days and completed all courses, regardless of the final decision, everyone gets paid. In case someone did not complete the full week, we will pay for the days that were attended.

Hi Job Duck,

I applied but still have not heard anything, should I try applying again?

Sometimes we have many applications, so it might take some time to receive a response, BUT we will get back to you! Please be sure to check your spam folder because sometimes our emails land in there.

We wish you the best of luck!

Hi..I applied but I still have not received any response whatsoever.What could be the problem?

It usually takes two-to-three business days to get back to candidates via email. Sometimes we have many applications, so it may take longer. Please be sure to check your spam folder because once you apply, we only communicate via email. We wish you the best of luck

What should the essay be about and should it be a certain amount of words or is there no limit?

We have some incredible information on how to write an essay in the resources section on our website. You can download it for free! We hope you find it helpful.

I have submitted my application and got a message that, you have received it and you will review it and come back to me soon.

I haven’t received any communication from you.

Thank you so much for applying to one of our job offers. We will be sure to get back to you. Please also check in your spam folder as sometimes our emails land there. We wish you the best of luck!

May I please have the link to complete my application?

Sure! Please visit the main page of our website and hit the “apply now” button. Choose your preferred position and take it from there. (:

Good day, Any tips or information about an interview with job duck?

Thank you for your question. As a tip, expect general questions regarding the position you are applying for, your skills, your experience, expectations, etc.

How long does it usual take to get a email response after submission?

Great question! It usually takes 3-5 business days BUT it could also take longer. Please check your spam folder as our emails sometimes land there.

Thank you Job Duck for all the extra info and help.

I just have one question with regards to the video. Does it need to be a formal video or does it need to be fun and creative e.g a tiktok. I feel this can make or break you?

Thank you for your question. Be yourself and tell us why you believe you’re incredible! It’s important to note that the video should be 90 seconds (1 minute and 30 seconds)

Hi. If you got rejected after an interview, are you allowed to reapply for a DIFFERENT position?

Unfortunately, if you were rejected during the interview stage, you’re not allowed to reapply. 

Hello! I want to submit my resume for the first time and I’d like to know ,in the case I pass all the steps, and I finally match with some job …will it be a remote one, rigth? In addition I’d like to know if I have to pay any cost for doing this. Thanks

Good day, Yes, we are working remotely! One of our disclaimers is that we never ask our candidates for money during any step of the application process.

We wish you the best of luck with your application, The Job Duck Team

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College Application Checklist

Find the right college for you., junior summer: ─do before applying to college checklist.

• Set up a professional-sounding email address.
• Create a balanced list of reach, match, and safety colleges.
• Go to the application website.
• Note the regular application deadline.
• Note the early application deadline.

Junior Year: Take Tests and Other Exams for Admission

• Find out if an admission test is required.
• Take an admission test, if required.
• Take other required or recommended tests (e.g., AP Exams, IB exams).
• Send admission test scores, if required, with your application.
• Send other test scores.
• Retest by summer of junior year or fall of senior year.

Early Senior Year: Get Letters and Essay Ready.

• Request recommendation letters. Provide a résumé for reference.
• Send thank-you notes to recommendation writers.
• Start the essay drafting and revision process 2 months prior to the application deadline.
• Draft initial essay.
• Proofread essay for spelling and grammar.
• Have 2 people read your essay.
• Revise your essay.
• Proofread your revision.

Fall of Senior Year: Make a Campus Visit. Apply for Financial Aid.

• Interview at the college campus, if required.
• Submit FAFSA® if eligible.
• Submit CSS PROFILE if needed.
• Make a note of the priority financial aid deadline.
• Make a note of the regular financial aid deadline.
• Submit college aid form if needed.
• Submit a state aid form if needed.
• Check the college's financial aid website to see if you need to submit any additional institution forms.

Submit the Application. Pay Fees by Deadlines.

• Complete college application.
• Save copies of your application and application materials.
• Pay application fee. Submit an application fee waiver if eligible.
• Submit application.
• Request high school transcript to be sent.
• Request midyear grade report to be sent.
• Confirm receipt of application materials by checking your application status online.
• Send additional material if needed.
• Tell your school counselor that you applied.
• Receive letter from admissions office.

Senior Spring: Make Your Selections.

• Apply for housing and meal plans, if applicable.
• Receive financial aid award letter.
• Accept financial aid offer.
• Notify whichever colleges you’re not planning to attend.

What things do you need to provide in the college application process?

When applying to college, you’ll need to provide information regarding personal details, your academic background, your extracurricular activities, and achievements you want to highlight. You’ll also need to submit standardized test scores and letters of recommendation, if required. Along with that, you’ll want to submit any required essays, making sure they highlight your aspirations and your personality. You can even strengthen your application by including additional information about yourself and a résumé.

Most colleges will require an application fee. If you require financial assistance to cover this fee, ask your school counselor about application fee waivers.

What are five things you need to know about college application process?

When navigating college admissions requirements, consider these five points:

• Go through each college's admissions requirements, including transcripts, test scores, essays, and recommendations.
• Pay close attention to submission deadlines to ensure you deliver all required documents on time.
• Familiarize yourself with the admissions criteria, including academic performance, extracurricular activities, and personal attributes.
• Check out the available financial aid options, such as scholarships and grants. Follow the designated application timelines.
• Visit the colleges you're interested in. Take advantage of any interview opportunities to express your interest and gain valuable insights into the institutions.

Is the admissions process the same for all colleges?

The admissions process can differ between institutions. Colleges you apply to may ask for standardized test scores and recommendation letters. Or they may have more specific requirements. Before you even begin an application, you’ll need to review the admissions guidelines of each college you plan to apply to and personalize your application to their needs.

How important are extracurricular activities in the college admissions process?

Participating in extracurricular activities can significantly influence the college admissions process. Colleges seek students who aren’t only academically accomplished but also have a diverse range of interests and a demonstrated dedication to their passions. Being actively involved in clubs, sports, community service, and leadership roles can positively impact your application and highlight your potential contributions to the college community.

Are interviews required for college admission? How should I prepare for them?

Colleges may require interviews as part of their admissions process, or they may not require them. You’ll want to verify the specific requirements of each college. If a college recommends an interview or it’s mandatory, make sure to prepare yourself thoroughly. Practice answering common interview questions, research the college, and think about how to express your objectives and interests effectively. Interviews offer a chance to present yourself in a more personal and engaging way, so take advantage of this opportunity.

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Opinion | NPR suspends an editor for his essay blasting … NPR

The firestorm caused by uri berliner’s critical essay in the free press continues to rage.

When a senior editor at NPR recently wrote a 3,500-word essay for another outlet, blasting where he works and saying that NPR had “lost America’s trust,” my first thought, quite frankly, was, “ … and he still works there?”

Well, it was learned on Tuesday that the editor in question, Uri Berliner, is currently serving a five-day suspension without pay. NPR media writer David Folkenflik reported the suspension began last week. Folkenflik wrote, “In presenting Berliner’s suspension Thursday afternoon, the organization told the editor he had failed to secure its approval for outside work for other news outlets, as is required of NPR journalists. It called the letter a ‘final warning,’ saying Berliner would be fired if he violated NPR’s policy again. Berliner is a dues-paying member of NPR’s newsroom union but says he is not appealing the punishment.”

Berliner, who has been at NPR for 25 years, wrote his scathing essay for the online news site The Free Press, a publication on Substack. Folkenflik described The Free Press as a “site that has become a haven for journalists who believe that mainstream media outlets have become too liberal.”

The suspension does not mean the firestorm created by Berliner’s essay has been suppressed. Folkenflik wrote, “Yet the public radio network is grappling in other ways with the fallout from Berliner’s essay for the online news site The Free Press. It angered many of his colleagues, led NPR leaders to announce monthly internal reviews of the network’s coverage, and gave fresh ammunition to conservative and partisan Republican critics of NPR, including former President Donald Trump.”

The New York Times’ Benjamin Mullin wrote , “After Mr. Berliner’s essay was published, NPR’s new chief executive, Katherine Maher, came under renewed scrutiny as conservative activists resurfaced a series of years-old social media posts criticizing former President Donald J. Trump and embracing progressive causes. One of the activists, Christopher Rufo, has pressured media organizations into covering controversies involving influential figures, such as the plagiarism allegations against Claudine Gay, the former Harvard president.”

Maher was not at NPR at the time of her posts and, furthermore, the CEO has no involvement in editorial decisions at the network.

But Berliner told Folkenflik in an interview on Monday, “We’re looking for a leader right now who’s going to be unifying and bring more people into the tent and have a broader perspective on, sort of, what America is all about. And this seems to be the opposite of that.”

In a statement earlier this week, Maher said, “In America everyone is entitled to free speech as a private citizen. What matters is NPR’s work and my commitment as its CEO: public service, editorial independence, and the mission to serve all of the American public. NPR is independent, beholden to no party, and without commercial interests.”

As far as Berliner’s essay, many, particularly inside NPR, are pushing back against his various assertions, including that NPR has a liberal bias.

Mullin wrote for the Times, “Several NPR employees have urged the network’s leaders to more forcefully renounce Mr. Berliner’s claims in his essay. Edith Chapin, NPR’s top editor, said in a statement last week that managers ‘strongly disagree with Uri’s assessment of the quality of our journalism,’ adding that the network was ‘proud to stand behind’ its work.”

Tony Cavin, NPR’s managing editor for standards and practices, pushed back against specific claims made by Berliner and told the Times, “To somehow think that we were driven by politics is both wrong and unfair.”

NPR TV critic Eric Deggans tweeted , “Many things wrong w/terrible Berliner column on NPR, including not observing basic fairness. Didn’t seek comment from NPR before publishing. Didn’t mention many things which could detract from his conclusions. Set up staffers of color as scapegoats.”

So what happens now? Will Berliner be in further trouble for criticizing the CEO in an interview with Folkenflik, his NPR colleague?

Berliner told Folkenflik, “Talking to an NPR journalist and being fired for that would be extraordinary, I think.”

I urge you to check out Folkenflik’s piece for all the details. And, by the way, kudos to Folkenflik for his strong reporting on his own newsroom.

CNN’s response

In Tuesday’s newsletter , I wrote how “King Charles” — the limited series featuring Gayle King and Charles Barkley — has ended after 14 shows. I wrote that the network had “pulled the plug” on the show.

CNN said that description was inaccurate and that I was wrong in framing it the way I did.

While I did say that CNN announced from the beginning that the show was a limited series, I also wrote that the show reached its ending “a little ahead of time.” The network, however, said it was clear all along that the show was scheduled to end in the spring, that it is spring right now, and the show was not canceled early.

A CNN spokesperson told me, “‘King Charles’ has come to the end of its limited run, as we announced when it launched last fall that it would run through spring. The show was a great addition to CNN’s lineup, with the youngest, most affluent, and most diverse P2+ audience in its cable news time period and brought new audiences to CNN. It’s inaccurate to report that the show was canceled as it went through its full run and duration of the limited series. We hope to work with both of these incredible talents in the future as they balance their very busy schedules.”

With the NBA playoffs about to begin, Barkley is about to head into extra duty at his main job as studio analyst for TNT’s “Inside the NBA.”

The show’s average viewership was under a half million and lagged behind competitors Fox News and MSNBC, but CNN said it was pleased that the King-Barkley broadcast brought new audiences to CNN. It pointed to this statistic from Nielsen via Npower that said 43% of the “King Charles” audience was nonwhite, compared to 7% for Fox News and 27% for MSNBC during that Wednesday at 10 p.m. Eastern hour.

Smartmatic and OAN settle suit

Smartmatic, the voting technology company, and One America News, the far-right TV network, have settled their lawsuit. Smartmatic was suing OAN, claiming the network lied that the company rigged the 2020 election in favor of Joe Biden and against Donald Trump.

Neither side disclosed the terms of the settlement.

Smartmatic still has pending lawsuits against Fox News and Newsmax. And OAN is still facing a defamation lawsuit from Dominion Voting Systems. That’s the company that Fox News settled with out of court a year ago by agreeing to pay Dominion a whopping $787.5 million.

Missing at the Masters

According to Sports TV Ratings , Sunday’s final round of The Masters golf tournament on CBS averaged 9.58 million viewers, which was down 20% from last year’s final round, which averaged 12.05 million. This shouldn’t be a surprise. This year’s final round lacked drama, with winner Scottie Scheffler pretty much in control throughout the day.

Sports Media Watch’s Jon Lewis noted that in the past three decades, only COVID-era Masters in 2020 (5.64 million) and 2021 (9.54 million) had fewer viewers. Those were the least-viewed Masters since 1993.

But Lewis also points out, “As one would expect, the final round of the Masters still ranks as the most-watched golf telecast and one of the most-watched sporting events of the past year — placing ahead of four of five World Series games and every Daytona 500 since 2017. It also goes without saying that the Masters dominated all other weekend sporting events.”

Just for fun, however, I will mention that the 9.58 million was nowhere near the number of viewers (18.7 million) that watched the NCAA women’s college basketball final between South Carolina and Iowa (and star Caitlin Clark) one week earlier on a Sunday afternoon.

Other media notes, tidbits and interesting links …

• Speaking of Clark, Tom Kludt writes for Vanity Fair: “Behind the Scenes With Caitlin Clark on WNBA Draft Day: ‘I Definitely Know There’s Eyeballs on Me.’”
• Axios’ Sara Fischer with “Dozens of Alden newspapers run coordinated editorials slamming Google.”
• For the Los Angeles Times, Greg Braxton and Carolyn Cole with “What ‘Civil War’ gets right and wrong about photojournalism, according to a Pulitzer Prize winner.”
• For The Washington Post, Dave Barry, Angela Garbes, Melissa Fay Greene, John Grogan and Charles Yu with “How does the election feel around the country? 5 writers capture the vibe.” Barry, as always looking at things a bit differently, writes, “Greetings from the Sunshine State! The mood down here, as we anticipate the 2024 presidential election, is one of hopefulness. Specifically, we’re hoping that a large, previously undetected meteor will strike the planet before November.”
• For NPR and “Morning Edition,” Elizabeth Blair with “50 years ago, ‘Come and Get Your Love’ put Native culture on the bandstand.”

More resources for journalists

• Thursday webinar : Covering transgender issues with authority and accuracy.
• Applications for Poynter Producer Project close on Friday!
• Reporter’s Toolkit gives you the tools to succeed early in your career. Apply by April 28.
• Delve more deeply into your editing skills with Poynter ACES Intermediate Certificate in Editing .

Have feedback or a tip? Email Poynter senior media writer Tom Jones at [email protected] .

The Poynter Report is our daily media newsletter. To have it delivered to your inbox Monday-Friday, sign up here .

Press Foward’s first open call for funding focuses on historic inequalities

It includes $100,000 each in general operating support for more than 100 newsrooms

Opinion | Remembering Terry Anderson, AP reporter once held captive for 6 years

He had a long career, but he was most known for his horrific ordeal of being taken by Islamic militants while working in war-torn Lebanon in 1985

Trump says business records case about hush money is a ‘Biden trial.’ It’s a Manhattan trial

The Manhattan district attorney’s investigation into Trump’s business records began before Joe Biden was president

Topography of a news ecosystem: A first-of-its-kind study diagnoses the local news crisis in a single state

Media scholars at the University of Maryland documented the spread of local news dead spots — and unexpected vibrant areas — in that state.

$12 million Global Fact Check Fund opens applications for second year of grants

A partnership between Poynter’s International Fact-Checking Network and Google and YouTube continues to support fact-checking initiatives worldwide

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A first-generation college student’s guide to navigating the application process.

Senior Associate, JPMorgan Chase

If you’re the first person in your immediate family who’ll be attending college, you may be on your way to becoming a first-generation college student. While this may feel intimidating, know that you aren’t alone. According to recent data by the Center for First-Generation Student Success, about one in four college students have parents who didn’t attend any form of schooling after high school.

Being the first person in your family to attend college is an outstanding achievement. Not only will you be furthering your education, but you’ll also set yourself up for future career success . While you don’t need a college degree to land a job, some estimates show that having a bachelor’s degree may help you earn 84% more than having only a high school diploma . A college degree may also serve as a buffer during an economic downturn.

Understanding the benefits of college is one thing, but navigating applying and enrolling in college as a first-generation college student is another. How do you get started on your college application journey and ensure your transition is a successful one?

Keep reading as we break down the college application process for first-generation college students and provide resources that may help you on your journey.

What’s a first-generation college student?

First things first, what’s a first-generation college student? According to the federal government, a first-generation college student is someone whose parents did not complete a bachelor's degree or some kind of higher education. In a scenario in which you only lived with one parent your whole life who cared financially for you (and this could be for many reasons), and this parent didn’t complete a bachelor’s degree, and you end up attending college, you too count as a first-generation college student under this definition. This definition is important to understand because the federal government uses it to determine eligibility for financial aid programs like the TRIO programs, for instance.

The definition of what a first-generation college student is may vary among colleges and universities, though. For instance, the University of Pennsylvania definition includes students whose parents received a degree outside of the U.S.

Given that institutions define first-generation student differently and offer benefits and resources to first-generation students specifically, you may want to check with college and university admissions offices during the application process to see if you qualify as a first-generation student, according to their unique standards.

How to apply to college as a first-generation student

The college application process may feel daunting, especially if you don’t have parents or immediate family who’ve attended college to guide you. During the process, you’ll have to research colleges, study for standardized exams, fill out school applications, potentially apply for financial aid, and decide where to attend. Fortunately, many resources are at your disposal to make these responsibilities easier.

Checklist for first-generation college students applying to college

Here’s a list that may help you prepare for college applications.

1. Start preparing early (like in your sophomore year of high school)

• Research potential colleges and universities to understand their offerings, campus culture, and admissions requirements.
• Identify the type of college experience you want (size, location, majors, extracurriculars).

2. Understand the academic requirements you need to meet

• Understand your target schools’ grade point average (GPA) and standardized test score requirements.
• Consider meeting with your high school academic advisor and college counselor often to ensure you’re enrolled in the right classes and overall tracking toward your goal of attending college.

3. Prepare for standardized tests

• Register for the SAT or ACT exams and check if your desired schools require or recommend taking them.
• Prepare for these exams using online resources, books, or classes.

4. Research and apply for financial aid and scholarships

• Fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA ® ) to determine if you're eligible for federal financial aid along with other types of financial aid.
• Consider researching and applying for scholarships. Consider looking for those that specifically support first-generation students (see below for tips for this).

5. If you’re able to, plan college visits

• Schedule campus visits if it’s feasible for you to get a feel for the environment and ask questions.
• Attend college fairs in your area and meet with college admissions representatives.

6. Tee up your letters of recommendation

• Identify teachers, counselors, or mentors who can write strong, personal recommendations.
• Request these letters well in advance of deadlines.

7. Prepare your personal statement and essays

• Start brainstorming and drafting your college essays early (see below for tips for this).
• Have teachers, counselors, and others review your essays for feedback.

8. Complete your college applications

• Familiarize yourself with the Common App (which you can use to apply to over 1,000 U.S. colleges) and individual college applications.
• Complete all sections of applications carefully and accurately.

9. Keep track of deadlines to make sure you meet them

• There are many deadlines to keep track of during the college process, including college application deadlines, financial aid deadlines, and scholarships deadlines.
• Consider Early Decision or Early Action applications in which you’d apply to colleges earlier in the process.

10. Utilize all the resources that you can

• Connect with organizations and programs that support first-generation college students.
• Look for mentorship programs at potential colleges and within your community to help with the college process.

11. Undergo interview preparation

• If interviews are required, prepare by practicing with teachers, counselors, or mentors.
• Research common interview questions and think about your responses.

12. Do a final review and submit your applications

• Review all materials for completeness and accuracy.
• Submit applications and confirm receipt with each college.

13. Start preparing to enroll in college

• Prepare for potential waitlist or deferral outcomes that may come from your college applications.
• Accept an offer and complete any necessary steps for enrollment.

First-generation college student essay tips

As covered briefly above, you’ll likely need to write one or several personal essays during the college application process. As a first-generation college student, your college essay is a unique opportunity to showcase your perspectives, experiences, and the obstacles you’ve overcome on your road to college.

You may want to begin by reflecting on your journey — what being the first in your family to attend college means to you, the challenges you’ve faced, and how these experiences have shaped your ambitions and character. By crafting a compelling essay, you may help admissions officers understand your background and the resilience you bring to your educational pursuits.

As you write your essay, you may want to focus on specifics rather than generalities to bring your story to life. Instead of simply stating that you’ve faced challenges, describe a moment that illustrates how you’ve been challenged and how you responded. Remember, the goal is to let college admissions committees see the world through your eyes and appreciate the context of your achievements.

After you have a draft of your essay or essays ready, don’t hesitate to seek feedback from teachers, mentors, and counselors who understand the college application process. They may be able to provide valuable insights into how college admissions officers might perceive your essays. 

First-generation college student scholarship tips

As briefly covered above, alongside the college application process, if you’re looking for financial aid to support your college journey, you may consider looking into scholarships specifically for first-generation college students. Some organizations and nonprofits are specifically seeking to help students like you.

Here are a few scholarships you may consider as a first-generation college student:

• The Thurgood Marshall College Fund and The Sallie Mae Fund Completing The Dream Gap Scholarship
• Esperanza Scholarship Foundation Dollars for Scholars Scholarship
• The National Society of High School Scholars First Generation Scholarship
• EducationDynamics Minority First Generation Scholarship Contest

Programs that support first-generation college students

If the steps involved in applying for college seem overwhelming, the good news is that many programs aim to support first-generation college students on their educational journey. Here are a few.  

College Track Scholar Program

College Track is a nonprofit organization dedicated to helping students with limited resources achieve their dream of attending college. The organization works with students from the time they’re in ninth grade through college to help them on their journey to receiving a bachelor’s degree.

At the high school level, they help students through academic learning labs, college counseling, and even individualized coaching. When students reach college, the organization helps with career readiness, community building, and financial wellness activities. Finally, they provide early career support in the first two years after a student’s college graduation.

Let’s Get Ready

Let’s Get Ready prioritizes admittance for students who meet specific criteria, such as first-generation college students or students from historically underrepresented communities. It provides students with free college application support with help from peer-led coaches and virtual SAT exam prep courses, and other tools. For those who’d like to seek help from someone who’s been in their shoes, Let’s Get Ready pairs program participants with current college students who act as mentors.

America Needs You

For first-generation students already enrolled in college, America Needs You is a nonprofit organization with a Fellows Program that supports low-income, first-generation college students with resources to help them successfully graduate college, succeed in their careers, and remain competitive in today’s workforce. The Fellows Program helps with internship placements, provides up to $1,000 in grant funding annually, and offers one-on-one mentorship to all enrollees.

Navigating the summer before college starts as a first-generation college student

After you commit to college, you may want to see if any summer orientation programs or bridge programs at your chosen college specifically for first-generation students are available to you before you start school.

Some colleges offer orientation programs that bring together faculty, students, and in some cases, family members to help ensure first-generation students have an easy transition into college life.

If the college you’re enrolling in offers one of these programs, consider taking part. They typically last from between two to four weeks during the summer months. During these programs, you can also ask questions related to everything from picking out classes to navigating dorm life if you plan to live on-campus. You can also start to make college friends.

Final thoughts

If you’re a first-generation student embarking on your college journey, know that it may feel confusing at first, though many resources are available to help. Above all else, as you undergo this journey, you should feel proud that you’re the first in your family to start this path toward higher education. You may inspire many others in your professional and personal circles for years to come.