research in biotechnology field

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Biotechnology articles from across Nature Portfolio

Biotechnology is a broad discipline in which biological processes, organisms, cells or cellular components are exploited to develop new technologies. New tools and products developed by biotechnologists are useful in research, agriculture, industry and the clinic.

Polypeptide agonists of innate immune sensors

The physicochemical properties of cationic helical polypeptides can be optimized to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in antigen-presenting cells so as to elicit antitumour innate immune responses.

• Michelle Z. Dion
• Natalie Artzi

Decoding gene regulation with CRISPR perturbations

Two CRISPR tools for combinatorial genetic perturbations reveal gene regulatory networks.

• Stefan Oberlin
• Michael T. McManus

Liposozyme for wound healing and inflammation resolution

Antibacterial action, along with restoration of redox and immune homeostasis, is achieved using a lipid–nanozyme hybrid for the healing of diabetic foot ulcers.

• Zhichao Deng
• Mingzhen Zhang

Related Subjects

• Animal biotechnology
• Applied immunology
• Assay systems
• Biomaterials
• Biomimetics
• Cell delivery
• Environmental biotechnology
• Expression systems
• Functional genomics
• Gene delivery
• Gene therapy
• Industrial microbiology
• Metabolic engineering
• Metabolomics
• Molecular engineering
• Nanobiotechnology
• Nucleic-acid therapeutics
• Oligo delivery
• Peptide delivery
• Plant biotechnology
• Protein delivery
• Regenerative medicine
• Stem-cell biotechnology
• Tissue engineering

Latest Research and Reviews

Development of an alginate–chitosan biopolymer composite with dECM bioink additive for organ-on-a-chip articular cartilage

• Upasna Upadhyay
• Saketh Kolla
• Lakshmi Kiran Chelluri

Single molecule delivery into living cells

Controlled manipulation of cultured cells by delivery of exogenous macromolecules is a cornerstone of experimental biology. Here, the authors describe a platform to deliver defined numbers of macromolecules into cultured cell lines at single molecule resolution.

• Chalmers C. Chau
• Christopher M. Maffeo
• Paolo Actis

The integration of metabolic and proteomic data uncovers an augmentation of the sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway during T-cell differentiation

Using metabolomics and proteomics data, the quantity and composition of cellular lipid underwent notable changes in different eff Th cell subsets. Especially, Th17 and iTreg cells enhance glycosphingolipid metabolism to sustain their differentiation.

• Toshio Kanno
• Yusuke Endo

Cicer super-pangenome provides insights into species evolution and agronomic trait loci for crop improvement in chickpea

Cicer super-pangenome constructed using genome assemblies of eight Cicer annual wild species and two cultivated chickpea species provides insights into the genetic diversity and agronomic trait loci for chickpea improvement.

• Aamir W. Khan
• Vanika Garg
• Rajeev K. Varshney

Bone-marrow-homing lipid nanoparticles for genome editing in diseased and malignant haematopoietic stem cells

The ability to genetically modify haematopoietic stem cells would allow the durable treatment of a diverse range of genetic disorders but gene delivery to the bone marrow has not been achieved. Here lipid nanoparticles that target and deliver mRNA to 14 unique cells within the bone marrow are presented.

• Xizhen Lian
• Sumanta Chatterjee
• Daniel J. Siegwart

A comprehensive benchmarking with interpretation and operational guidance for the hierarchy of topologically associating domains

TAD hierarchy demonstrates cell-to-cell variability, leading to the development of numerous callers. Here, authors present a comprehensive benchmark of TAD hierarchy callers and introduce the ‘air conditioner’ model to illustrate TAD hierarchy’s role in transcription.

• Jingxuan Xu
• Hebing Chen

News and Comment

Engineering good viruses to improve crop performance

Viruses can be engineered to deliver nucleic acids, peptides and proteins for plant trait reprogramming. Building on market approvals and sales of recombinant virus-based biopharmaceuticals for veterinary and human medicine, similar innovations may be applied to agriculture for transient or heritable biodesign of crops with improved performance and sustainable production.

• Fabio Pasin
• Mireia Uranga
• Choon-Tak Kwon

Gut bacteria switch A and B blood types to ‘universal’

Enzymes produced by Akkermansia muciniphila generated group O blood by degrading A and B antigens, which could help solve blood donor shortages in the future.

• Karen O’Leary

Deciding the future of adipic acid

John Steele and Stephen Wallace discuss recent advances in the chemical and biotechnological synthesis of the prolific platform chemical adipic acid.

• John F. C. Steele
• Stephen Wallace

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Moderna spent the past decade combining bioengineering, chemical engineering, and systems engineering advances to create its mRNA platform and a large development pipeline of 24 mRNA-based therapeutics and vaccines. Many engineering advances and inventions were enabling to our technology, including the computational design of mRNA constructs for in vivo expression, automated systems to produce thousands of different mRNAs, purification and analysis technologies for this new class of molecules, the process for GMP manufacturing of lipid nanoparticle–encased mRNA, and the overall systems needed to go from sequence to product efficiently.

Despite the progress and over $2 billion spent, mRNA had still not yet been approved for use as a human medicine by early 2020. Covid-19 changed that almost overnight. Beginning in late January 2020 and at the urging of public health officials and scientists tracking the alarming spread of a mysterious virus, Moderna’s platform was put to use to design, fabricate, test, and scale up the production of mRNA-1273, the first vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic virus to enter human trials. By leveraging the decade of platform development as well as an ongoing partnership between scientists at Moderna and the National Institutes of Health (NIH)’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), the company was able to design the mRNA vaccine 2 days after receiving the viral RNA code, produce and test small quantities during the following weeks, and deliver the vaccine to the NIH for the start of Phase 1 trials on human subjects within 42 days of sequence selection.

This speed and precision of vaccine design and production represented a significant performance leap compared to prior vaccine technologies. Nine months later, and after extensive Phase 3 testing in a diverse cohort of 30,000 subjects, the Moderna vaccine showed 94 percent efficacy and no severe adverse effects. The FDA authorized it for emergency use on December 18, 2020. To date more than 115 million doses have been administered in the United States.

What can we learn from this experience?

It is still quite early to draw all the lessons, but four observations about the past year may be worth considering.

First, when platform development precedes product development, the potential benefits are enormous. Although mRNA had not been used previously as a human medicine, there was an enormous body of platform development and research, without which the probability of success and immunological performance would not have been possible, especially at lightning speeds. Many of the advances made by the company were described in a large number of patent filings, enabling others to rapidly employ mRNA technology in their own covid-19 vaccine development efforts. To accelerate efforts to make and deploy vaccines across the globe, Moderna announced in October 2020 that it would not enforce its patents on mRNA vaccine technology during the pandemic period, allowing others to benefit from our decade of experimentation and refinement.

Second, information molecules hold the promise of reimagining medicine as we know it. As a code molecule, mRNA represents a completely novel class of medicines. An essential part of the flow of information from its stored form in cells (DNA) to the structurally and functionally active form (proteins), information encoded in mRNA is programmable, modular and predictably processed in all cells. These properties are not found in small molecule or protein drugs and offer great promise for future code-based medicines and therapeutics.

Furthermore, the synthesis of mRNA involves a single biochemical step converting a template DNA, after which purification and encapsulation into lipid nanoparticles using well-established manufacturing steps results in the final product. While unprecedented, the large-scale manufacture of mRNA vaccine proved less complex than the harder-to-scale cell or viral production approaches often used in biotechnology.

Third, accelerating drug development and responding quickly and effectively to pandemics relies on strong public-private partnerships. In Moderna’s case, established partnerships with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, both of which funded mRNA programs, and collaborations with NIAID all preceded 2020, and flowed smoothly and productively in ways that accelerated development and deployment of the vaccine.

In addition, partnerships were forged with the NIH clinical network supporting the Phase 3 trials, highly engaged professionals at the US Food and Drug Administration advising on how such trials should be organized and performed, the Operation Warp Speed team’s coordination, logistical, and distribution support, as well as numerous commercial partners (e.g., Lonza and Catalent). The extensive and unprecedented collaboration network that helped Moderna succeed proved what can be achieved when the right incentives and determination for success are put in place.

Fourth, when facing a novel and uncharacterized threat, it is essential to run the experiment and have the courage to go “all in” rather than surrendering to conventional wisdom. Although there is much known about respiratory viruses and vaccine development, the uncertainty faced early in 2020 could have led to a very different outcome if Moderna and others had bowed to conventional wisdom about vaccine development timelines (slow), about deploying new technologies (risky), whether T cells were more important than antibody responses (likely), how long the effect would last (unclear), and so on. Despite the headwinds of skepticism and fear of the unknown, leaders at Moderna and other companies forged ahead, prioritizing the life-saving possibilities of being proven right while risking public rebuke and embarrassment if they were proven wrong.

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Open Access

The future is bright, the future is biotechnology

* E-mail: [email protected]

Affiliation Public Library of Science, San Francisco, California, United States of America and Cambridge, United Kingdom

• Richard Hodge, 
• on behalf of the PLOS Biology staff editors

Published: April 28, 2023

• https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002135
• Reader Comments

As PLOS Biology celebrates its 20 th anniversary, our April issue focuses on biotechnology with articles covering different aspects of the field, from genome editing to synthetic biology. With them, we emphasize our interest in expanding our presence in biotechnology research.

Citation: Hodge R, on behalf of the PLOS Biology staff editors (2023) The future is bright, the future is biotechnology. PLoS Biol 21(4): e3002135. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002135

Copyright: © 2023 Hodge, on behalf of the PLOS Biology staff editors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

The PLOS Biology Staff Editors are Ines Alvarez-Garcia, Joanna Clarke, RichardHodge, Paula Jauregui, Nonia Pariente, Roland Roberts, and Lucas Smith.

This article is part of the PLOS Biology 20th Anniversary Collection.

Biotechnology is a revolutionary branch of science at the forefront of research and innovation that has advanced rapidly in recent years. It is a broad discipline, in which organisms or biological processes are exploited to develop new technologies that have the potential to transform the way we live and work, as well as to boost sustainability and industrial productivity. The new tools and products being generated have a wide range of applications across various sectors, including medicine, agriculture, energy, manufacturing and food.

PLOS Biology has traditionally published research reporting significant advances across a wide range of biological disciplines. However, our scope must continue to evolve as biology increasingly becomes more and more applied, generating technologies with potentially game-changing therapeutic and environmental impact. To that end, we recently published a collection of magazine articles focused on ideas for green biotechnologies that could have an important role in a sustainable future [ 1 ], including how to harness microbial photosynthesis to directly generate electricity [ 2 ] and using microbes to develop carbon “sinks” in the mining industry [ 3 ]. Moreover, throughout this anniversary year we are publishing Perspective articles that take stock of the past 20 years of biological research in a specific field and look forward to what is to come in the next 20 years [ 4 ]; in this issue, these Perspectives focus on different aspects of the broad biotechnology field—synthetic biology [ 5 ] and the use of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for the delivery of therapeutics [ 6 ].

One fast moving area within biotechnology is gene editing therapy, which involves the alteration of DNA to treat or prevent disease using techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 and base editors that enable precise genetic modifications to be made. This approach shows great promise for treating a variety of genetic diseases. Excitingly, promising phase I results of the first in vivo genome editing clinical trial to treat several liver-related diseases were reported at the recent Keystone Symposium on Precision Genome Engineering. This issue of PLOS Biology includes an Essay from Porto and Komor that focuses on the clinical applications of base editor technology [ 7 ], which could enable chronic diseases to be treated with a ‘one-and-done’ therapy, and a Perspective from Hamilton and colleagues that outlines the advances in the development of LNPs for the delivery of nucleic acid-based therapeutics [ 6 ]. LNPs are commonly used as vehicles for the delivery of such therapeutics because they have a low immunogenicity and can be manufactured at scale. However, expanding the toolbox of delivery platforms for these novel therapeutics will be critical to realise their full clinical potential.

Synthetic biology is also a rapidly growing area, whereby artificial or existing biological systems are designed to produce products or enhance cellular function. By using CRISPR to edit genes involved in metabolic pathways, researchers can create organisms that produce valuable compounds such as biofuels, drugs, and industrial chemicals. In their Perspective, Kitano and colleagues take stock of the technological advances that have propelled the “design-build-test-learn” cycle methodology forward in synthetic biology, as well as focusing on how machine-learning approaches can remove the bottlenecks in these pipelines [ 5 ].

While the potential of these technologies is vast, there are also concerns about their safety and ethical implications. Gene editing, in particular, raises ethical concerns, as it could be used to create so-called “designer babies” with specific traits or to enhance physical or mental capabilities. There are also concerns about the unintended consequences of gene editing, such as off-target effects that could cause unintended harm. These technologies can be improved by better understanding the interplay between editing tools and DNA repair pathways, and it will be essential for scientists and policymakers to be cautious and work together to establish guidelines and regulations for their use, as outlined at the recent International Summit on Human Genome Editing .

Basic research has also benefitted from biotechnological developments. For instance, methodological developments in super-resolution microscopy offer researchers the ability to image cells at exquisite detail and answer previously inaccessible research questions. Sequencing technologies such as Nanopore sequencers are revolutionising the ability to sequence long DNA/RNA reads in real time and in the field. Great strides have also been made in the development of analysis software for structural biology purposes, such as sub-tomogram averaging for cryo-EM [ 8 ]. The rate of scientific discovery is now at an unprecedented level in this age of big data as a result of these huge technological leaps.

The past few years has also seen the launch of AI tools such as ChatGPT. While these tools are increasingly being used to help write students homework or to improve the text of scientific papers, generative AI tools hold the potential to transform research and development in the biotechnology industry. The recently developed language model ProGen can generate and then predict function in protein sequences [ 9 ], and these models can also be used to find therapeutically relevant compounds for drug discovery. Protein structure prediction programs, such as AlphaFold [ 10 ] and RosettaFold, have revolutionized structural biology and can be used for a myriad of purposes. We have recently published several papers that have utilized AlphaFold models to develop methods that determine the structural context of post-translational modifications [ 11 ] and predict autophagy-related motifs in proteins [ 12 ].

The future of biotechnology is clearly very promising and we look forward to being part of the dissemination of these important new developments. Open access science sits at the core of our mission and the publication of these novel technologies in PLOS Biology can help their widespread adoption and ensure global access. As we look forward during this year of celebration, we are excited that biotechnology research will continue to grow and become a central part of the journal. The future is bright and the future is very much biotechnology.

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200+ Biotechnology Research Topics: Let’s Shape the Future

In the dynamic landscape of scientific exploration, biotechnology stands at the forefront, revolutionizing the way we approach healthcare, agriculture, and environmental sustainability. This interdisciplinary field encompasses a vast array of research topics that hold the potential to reshape our world. 

In this blog post, we will delve into the realm of biotechnology research topics, understanding their significance and exploring the diverse avenues that researchers are actively investigating.

Overview of Biotechnology Research

Table of Contents

Biotechnology, at its core, involves the application of biological systems, organisms, or derivatives to develop technologies and products for the benefit of humanity. 

The scope of biotechnology research is broad, covering areas such as genetic engineering, biomedical engineering, environmental biotechnology, and industrial biotechnology. Its interdisciplinary nature makes it a melting pot of ideas and innovations, pushing the boundaries of what is possible.

How to Select The Best Biotechnology Research Topics?

• Identify Your Interests

Start by reflecting on your own interests within the broad field of biotechnology. What aspects of biotechnology excite you the most? Identifying your passion will make the research process more engaging.

• Stay Informed About Current Trends

Keep up with the latest developments and trends in biotechnology. Subscribe to scientific journals, attend conferences, and follow reputable websites to stay informed about cutting-edge research. This will help you identify gaps in knowledge or areas where advancements are needed.

• Consider Societal Impact

Evaluate the potential societal impact of your chosen research topic. How does it contribute to solving real-world problems? Biotechnology has applications in healthcare, agriculture, environmental conservation, and more. Choose a topic that aligns with the broader goal of improving quality of life or addressing global challenges.

• Assess Feasibility and Resources

Evaluate the feasibility of your research topic. Consider the availability of resources, including laboratory equipment, funding, and expertise. A well-defined and achievable research plan will increase the likelihood of successful outcomes.

• Explore Innovation Opportunities

Look for opportunities to contribute to innovation within the field. Consider topics that push the boundaries of current knowledge, introduce novel methodologies, or explore interdisciplinary approaches. Innovation often leads to groundbreaking discoveries.

• Consult with Mentors and Peers

Seek guidance from mentors, professors, or colleagues who have expertise in biotechnology. Discuss your research interests with them and gather insights. They can provide valuable advice on the feasibility and significance of your chosen topic.

• Balance Specificity and Breadth

Strike a balance between biotechnology research topics that are specific enough to address a particular aspect of biotechnology and broad enough to allow for meaningful research. A topic that is too narrow may limit your research scope, while one that is too broad may lack focus.

• Consider Ethical Implications

Be mindful of the ethical implications of your research. Biotechnology, especially areas like genetic engineering, can raise ethical concerns. Ensure that your chosen topic aligns with ethical standards and consider how your research may impact society.

• Evaluate Industry Relevance

Consider the relevance of your research topic to the biotechnology industry. Industry-relevant research has the potential for practical applications and may attract funding and collaboration opportunities.

• Stay Flexible and Open-Minded

Be open to refining or adjusting your research topic as you delve deeper into the literature and gather more information. Flexibility is key to adapting to new insights and developments in the field.

200+ Biotechnology Research Topics: Category-Wise

Genetic engineering.

• CRISPR-Cas9: Recent Advances and Applications
• Gene Editing for Therapeutic Purposes: Opportunities and Challenges
• Precision Medicine and Personalized Genomic Therapies
• Genome Sequencing Technologies: Current State and Future Prospects
• Synthetic Biology: Engineering New Life Forms
• Genetic Modification of Crops for Improved Yield and Resistance
• Ethical Considerations in Human Genetic Engineering
• Gene Therapy for Neurological Disorders
• Epigenetics: Understanding the Role of Gene Regulation
• CRISPR in Agriculture: Enhancing Crop Traits

Biomedical Engineering

• Tissue Engineering: Creating Organs in the Lab
• 3D Printing in Biomedical Applications
• Advances in Drug Delivery Systems
• Nanotechnology in Medicine: Theranostic Approaches
• Bioinformatics and Computational Biology in Biomedicine
• Wearable Biomedical Devices for Health Monitoring
• Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine
• Precision Oncology: Tailoring Cancer Treatments
• Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications
• Biomechanics in Biomedical Engineering

Environmental Biotechnology

• Bioremediation of Polluted Environments
• Waste-to-Energy Technologies: Turning Trash into Power
• Sustainable Agriculture Practices Using Biotechnology
• Bioaugmentation in Wastewater Treatment
• Microbial Fuel Cells: Harnessing Microorganisms for Energy
• Biotechnology in Conservation Biology
• Phytoremediation: Plants as Environmental Cleanup Agents
• Aquaponics: Integration of Aquaculture and Hydroponics
• Biodiversity Monitoring Using DNA Barcoding
• Algal Biofuels: A Sustainable Energy Source

Industrial Biotechnology

• Enzyme Engineering for Industrial Applications
• Bioprocessing and Bio-manufacturing Innovations
• Industrial Applications of Microbial Biotechnology
• Bio-based Materials: Eco-friendly Alternatives
• Synthetic Biology for Industrial Processes
• Metabolic Engineering for Chemical Production
• Industrial Fermentation: Optimization and Scale-up
• Biocatalysis in Pharmaceutical Industry
• Advanced Bioprocess Monitoring and Control
• Green Chemistry: Sustainable Practices in Industry

Emerging Trends in Biotechnology

• CRISPR-Based Diagnostics: A New Era in Disease Detection
• Neurobiotechnology: Advancements in Brain-Computer Interfaces
• Advances in Nanotechnology for Healthcare
• Computational Biology: Modeling Biological Systems
• Organoids: Miniature Organs for Drug Testing
• Genome Editing in Non-Human Organisms
• Biotechnology and the Internet of Things (IoT)
• Exosome-based Therapeutics: Potential Applications
• Biohybrid Systems: Integrating Living and Artificial Components
• Metagenomics: Exploring Microbial Communities

Ethical and Social Implications

• Ethical Considerations in CRISPR-Based Gene Editing
• Privacy Concerns in Personal Genomic Data Sharing
• Biotechnology and Social Equity: Bridging the Gap
• Dual-Use Dilemmas in Biotechnological Research
• Informed Consent in Genetic Testing and Research
• Accessibility of Biotechnological Therapies: Global Perspectives
• Human Enhancement Technologies: Ethical Perspectives
• Biotechnology and Cultural Perspectives on Genetic Modification
• Social Impact Assessment of Biotechnological Interventions
• Intellectual Property Rights in Biotechnology

Computational Biology and Bioinformatics

• Machine Learning in Biomedical Data Analysis
• Network Biology: Understanding Biological Systems
• Structural Bioinformatics: Predicting Protein Structures
• Data Mining in Genomics and Proteomics
• Systems Biology Approaches in Biotechnology
• Comparative Genomics: Evolutionary Insights
• Bioinformatics Tools for Drug Discovery
• Cloud Computing in Biomedical Research
• Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostics and Treatment
• Computational Approaches to Vaccine Design

Health and Medicine

• Vaccines and Immunotherapy: Advancements in Disease Prevention
• CRISPR-Based Therapies for Genetic Disorders
• Infectious Disease Diagnostics Using Biotechnology
• Telemedicine and Biotechnology Integration
• Biotechnology in Rare Disease Research
• Gut Microbiome and Human Health
• Precision Nutrition: Personalized Diets Using Biotechnology
• Biotechnology Approaches to Combat Antibiotic Resistance
• Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Global Health
• Biotechnology in Aging Research and Longevity

Agricultural Biotechnology

• CRISPR and Gene Editing in Crop Improvement
• Precision Agriculture: Integrating Technology for Crop Management
• Biotechnology Solutions for Food Security
• RNA Interference in Pest Control
• Vertical Farming and Biotechnology
• Plant-Microbe Interactions for Sustainable Agriculture
• Biofortification: Enhancing Nutritional Content in Crops
• Smart Farming Technologies and Biotechnology
• Precision Livestock Farming Using Biotechnological Tools
• Drought-Tolerant Crops: Biotechnological Approaches

Biotechnology and Education

• Integrating Biotechnology into STEM Education
• Virtual Labs in Biotechnology Teaching
• Biotechnology Outreach Programs for Schools
• Online Courses in Biotechnology: Accessibility and Quality
• Hands-on Biotechnology Experiments for Students
• Bioethics Education in Biotechnology Programs
• Role of Internships in Biotechnology Education
• Collaborative Learning in Biotechnology Classrooms
• Biotechnology Education for Non-Science Majors
• Addressing Gender Disparities in Biotechnology Education

Funding and Policy

• Government Funding Initiatives for Biotechnology Research
• Private Sector Investment in Biotechnology Ventures
• Impact of Intellectual Property Policies on Biotechnology
• Ethical Guidelines for Biotechnological Research
• Public-Private Partnerships in Biotechnology
• Regulatory Frameworks for Gene Editing Technologies
• Biotechnology and Global Health Policy
• Biotechnology Diplomacy: International Collaboration
• Funding Challenges in Biotechnology Startups
• Role of Nonprofit Organizations in Biotechnological Research

Biotechnology and the Environment

• Biotechnology for Air Pollution Control
• Microbial Sensors for Environmental Monitoring
• Remote Sensing in Environmental Biotechnology
• Climate Change Mitigation Using Biotechnology
• Circular Economy and Biotechnological Innovations
• Marine Biotechnology for Ocean Conservation
• Bio-inspired Design for Environmental Solutions
• Ecological Restoration Using Biotechnological Approaches
• Impact of Biotechnology on Biodiversity
• Biotechnology and Sustainable Urban Development

Biosecurity and Biosafety

• Biosecurity Measures in Biotechnology Laboratories
• Dual-Use Research and Ethical Considerations
• Global Collaboration for Biosafety in Biotechnology
• Security Risks in Gene Editing Technologies
• Surveillance Technologies in Biotechnological Research
• Biosecurity Education for Biotechnology Professionals
• Risk Assessment in Biotechnology Research
• Bioethics in Biodefense Research
• Biotechnology and National Security
• Public Awareness and Biosecurity in Biotechnology

Industry Applications

• Biotechnology in the Pharmaceutical Industry
• Bioprocessing Innovations for Drug Production
• Industrial Enzymes and Their Applications
• Biotechnology in Food and Beverage Production
• Applications of Synthetic Biology in Industry
• Biotechnology in Textile Manufacturing
• Cosmetic and Personal Care Biotechnology
• Biotechnological Approaches in Renewable Energy
• Advanced Materials Production Using Biotechnology
• Biotechnology in the Automotive Industry

Miscellaneous Topics

• DNA Barcoding in Species Identification
• Bioart: The Intersection of Biology and Art
• Biotechnology in Forensic Science
• Using Biotechnology to Preserve Cultural Heritage
• Biohacking: DIY Biology and Citizen Science
• Microbiome Engineering for Human Health
• Environmental DNA (eDNA) for Biodiversity Monitoring
• Biotechnology and Astrobiology: Searching for Life Beyond Earth
• Biotechnology and Sports Science
• Biotechnology and the Future of Space Exploration

Challenges and Ethical Considerations in Biotechnology Research

As biotechnology continues to advance, it brings forth a set of challenges and ethical considerations. Biosecurity concerns, especially in the context of gene editing technologies, raise questions about the responsible use of powerful tools like CRISPR. 

Ethical implications of genetic manipulation, such as the creation of designer babies, demand careful consideration and international collaboration to establish guidelines and regulations. 

Moreover, the environmental and social impact of biotechnological interventions must be thoroughly assessed to ensure responsible and sustainable practices.

Funding and Resources for Biotechnology Research

The pursuit of biotechnology research topics requires substantial funding and resources. Government grants and funding agencies play a pivotal role in supporting research initiatives. 

Simultaneously, the private sector, including biotechnology companies and venture capitalists, invest in promising projects. Collaboration and partnerships between academia, industry, and nonprofit organizations further amplify the impact of biotechnological research.

Future Prospects of Biotechnology Research

As we look to the future, the integration of biotechnology with other scientific disciplines holds immense potential. Collaborations with fields like artificial intelligence, materials science, and robotics may lead to unprecedented breakthroughs. 

The development of innovative technologies and their application to global health and sustainability challenges will likely shape the future of biotechnology.

In conclusion, biotechnology research is a dynamic and transformative force with the potential to revolutionize multiple facets of our lives. The exploration of diverse biotechnology research topics, from genetic engineering to emerging trends like synthetic biology and nanobiotechnology, highlights the breadth of possibilities within this field. 

However, researchers must navigate challenges and ethical considerations to ensure that biotechnological advancements are used responsibly for the betterment of society. 

With continued funding, collaboration, and a commitment to ethical practices, the future of biotechnology research holds exciting promise, propelling us towards a more sustainable and technologically advanced world.

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Postdoc (m/f/d) - Molecular Biology / Biotechnology

The Bioprocess Engineering Group at the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems (Magdeburg) offers a postdoc position in the Molecular Biology team with the following topic: “Genetic engineering of virus-cell propagation systems for cell culture - based viral vector production”.

One of the major aims of the Bioprocess Engineering group is the optimization of cell culture-based production processes for viral vectors in bioreactors. Viral vectors offer several options for genetic modifications which results in a large versatility with respect to medical treatment opportunities in animals and humans. For instance, propagation-incompetent viral vectors are being used for vaccination approaches. In addition, transgenic viruses that are able to transfer a gene to individuals can be used to ameliorate or cure diseases. Some of these viral vectors applicable for gene therapy are already approved for use in humans. With respect to cancer therapy, viruses can be modified such that they are able to specifically target and destroy cancer cells, and/or to strengthen innate and adaptive immune responses against the tumor. Finally, specific viral vectors can target virus replication itself by interfering with and suppressing of particular parts of the viral replication cycle (antiviral agent). In this Postdoc project, we are planning to enlarge our expertise in the field of genetic engineering of viral vectors. For this, cell lines for virus production may also need to be modified to propagate the viral construct. For the reconstitution of the viral vectors, we employ reverse genetics. Viruses will be devised and genetically modified (to suit a particular application) based on literature research/educated guess. The applicant will focus on applied research in the field of good health and well-being.

Qualification profile

• Above-average Master's and PhD degree in biochemistry, molecular biotechnology, biosystems engineering, molecular bioengineering or similar
• Profound knowledge in molecular biology, virology, and immunology
• Methods (optional): animal cell culture, real-time RT-qPCR, classical cloning, transfection and transduction, reverse genetics for reconstitution of viruses, retroviral transduction or CRISPR/Cas9
• High motivation, a self-initiative, autonomous and conscientious working style, teamwork skills
• a position in an interdisciplinary and intercultural research group
• extensive training
• direct and competent supervision
• state-of-the-art instrumentation and laboratory equipment

The salary is based on the collective agreement of the public service (TVÖD, EG13, 100%).

Start of the project

As soon as possible

Your application

Please submit your application documents including a CV, reference letters, and transcript of records (high school, Bachelor and Master degree, PhD degree) only by email to:

Dr.-Ing. Sascha Y. Kupke [email protected]

What you should be aware of

The Max Planck Society is actively committed to equal opportunities, gender equality, and diversity. What counts for us are your qualifications, your professional strengths, and your personal attitude. We, therefore, welcome all applications regardless of gender, cultural or social background, disability, religion, age, lifestyle, ideology or sexual identity. Increasing the proportion of women in areas where women are underrepresented is a primary goal of the Max Planck Society. We are therefore particularly interested in applications from qualified women and expressly encourage them to apply. The Max Planck Society has set itself the goal of employing more severely disabled people. Severely disabled persons and persons of equal status will be given special consideration if they are equally qualified. Applications from severely disabled people are therefore expressly encouraged. Please note the information regarding the storage of personal data: data protection for applicants

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Breeding salt-tolerant cultivar of a halophytic annual Suaeda altissima L. in the Caspian semidesert

• Fodder Production
• Published: 25 January 2018
• Volume 43 , pages 478–481, ( 2017 )

Cite this article

• E. Z. Shamsutdinova 1 ,
• V. M. Kosolapov 1 ,
• G. K. Kenzhegaliev 2 ,
• O. A. Starshinova 1 ,
• N. Z. Shamsutdinov 3 &
• Z. Sh. Shamsutdinov 1  

26 Accesses

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The aim of the study was to breed a salt-tolerant cultivar of annual forage halophyte Suaeda altissima L. under irrigation with 8–10 g L –1 saline waters. The field trials took place at the Astrakhan Experimental Reclamation Station on light-chestnut soil. The breeding stock was formed of 19 samples collected from the saline soil of the Astrakhan and the Volgograd oblasts, Stavropol krai, and the Republic of Kalmykia as well as in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Promising Suaeda altissima L. specimens were selected from a collection of different ecological and geographical populations and were evaluated by their salt tolerance and forage and seed productivity. They were assessed in a competitive variety trial for a complex of biological, ecological, and commercially valuable traits. Finally, a promising specimen K-227 (the Volga region of the Astrakhan oblast) was selected, resulting in a new cultivar Zemfira enlisted into State Breeding Register. The cultivar yields 12 t ha –1 dry mass and 8 dt ha–1 seeds under saline water irrigation in the Northwestern Caspian Region.

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WIlliams All-Russian Fodder Research Institute, Lobnya, Moscow oblast, 141055, Russia

E. Z. Shamsutdinova, V. M. Kosolapov, O. A. Starshinova & Z. Sh. Shamsutdinov

Kazakh Research Institute for Animal Husbandry and Forage Production, Almaty, 050035, Kazakhstan

G. K. Kenzhegaliev

Kostyakov All-Russian Research Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation, Moscow, 127550, Russia

N. Z. Shamsutdinov

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Correspondence to E. Z. Shamsutdinova .

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Original Russian Text © E.Z. Shamsutdinova, V.M. Kosolapov, G.K. Kenzhegaliev, O.A. Starshinova, N.Z. Shamsutdinov, Z.Sh. Shamsutdinov, 2017, published in Rossiiskaya Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Nauka, 2017, No. 5, pp. 24–27.

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Shamsutdinova, E.Z., Kosolapov, V.M., Kenzhegaliev, G.K. et al. Breeding salt-tolerant cultivar of a halophytic annual Suaeda altissima L. in the Caspian semidesert. Russ. Agricult. Sci. 43 , 478–481 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367417060155

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Received : 20 March 2017

Published : 25 January 2018

Issue Date : November 2017

DOI : https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367417060155

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Applications of Biotechnology in Food and Agriculture: a Mini-Review

Muhammad modassar ali nawaz ranjha.

1 Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

Bakhtawar Shafique

Waseem khalid.

2 Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Hafiz Rehan Nadeem

3 Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

Ghulam Mueen-ud-Din

Muhammad zubair khalid.

Biotechnology is a wide-ranging science that uses modern technologies to construct biological processes, organisms, cells or cellular components. The clinical new instruments, industry, and products developed by biotechnologists are useful in research, agriculture and other major fields. The biotechnology is as ancient as civilization. The food you buy, and the pets you love? Using artificial selection for crops, domesticated animals and other species, you may thank our distant ancestors for setting off the agrarian revolution. When Alexander Fleming discovered antibiotics, and when Edward Jenner invented vaccines, the biotechnology potential was harnessed. And, of course, without the mechanisms of fermentation that gave us beer, wine and cheese, it would not be possible to imagine modern society. This article summarizes some of the applications of biotechnology in food & agriculture.

Graphical abstract

Applications of biotechnology in animal and plant sector

Introduction

Products from natural sources are being used from centuries [ 1 – 3 ]. Processing the natural products to get significant benefits have been the priority in every era of science [ 4 – 7 ]. Biotechnology is an advanced, yet developed, technology that develops or modifies a product for some applied purpose utilizing living organisms and/or substances from these. It can be extended to all organism genera, i.e., from less complicated genera like viruses and bacteria to more complicated genera like plants and animals. So, biotechnology has become a major feature of modern industry, agriculture and medicine. Modern biotechnology provides a number of methods that scientists use to recognize and control the genetic structure of species for use in agricultural product development or processing [ 8 ].

The implications of biotechnology includes, breeding of plants for raising and stabilizing yields by improving their ability to confront various pests, insects and other possible threats, to fight various conditions like drought and counter diseases that could attack and cold and soil acidity, biotechnology is also being applied for nutritional enhancement of various foods [ 9 , 10 ].

Disease-Free Plants

Disease-free plants are a very practical applications of biotechnology, these could be produced by micropropagation method. One of the examples of such plants is banana. Bananas are typically grown in countries where they emerge to be major source of income/employment and/or food. Micropropagation is a way to regenerate disease-free plantlets of bananas from tissues of healthy banana plants. It has all the possible benefits of being a revolutionary technique that is relatively inexpensive and easy to use [ 11 ].

Agriculture on acid soils

Lime can be applied to the soil to preserve the pH of the soil. This process emerges to be excellent but is expensive and temporary as well. Alternatively, it is possible to grow improved cultivars which are tolerant of aluminum [ 9 ].

Fortification of Crops

In developing countries or countries where there is a lot of shortage of food, fortified crops emerge to be an excellent food source which are supplemented with nutrients for rising malnourished children. One of the examples of such fortified crops is 'Protato'. This, genetically modified potato, is being widely cultivated and used in India and provides approximately one-third to one-half more protein than a common potato. In addition, this genetically modified potato also contains significant quantities of all essential amino acids, such as lysine and methionine. This 'Protato' could be a very potential food source in countries where potato is a major staple food [ 12 ]. Another example of such crops is golden rice. These genetically modified rice has a higher content of beta-carotene [ 13 ]. The grains and leaves of cowpeas are considered to be used as side or relish dishes. The cowpea is being consumed as staple food in various countries. The varieties of cowpeas with genetically modification has been grown in Tanzania [ 14 ]. The fortification of nutrients to enhance the nutritional status of crops, developed by genetically modified organisms with the major difference has been reported in Table ​ Table1 1 .

The GM crops with major nutritional difference from original crops breeding

Bt = Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis

Animal Feed

Genetically modified crops are practically being used in developed countries. Such kind of crops have a very significant potential to provide more nutrients than the normal [ 22 ].

Reproduction in Aquaculture

Biotechnology has emerged to have great practical applications in aquaculture, biotechnology has helped to maximize the growth and production in the aquaculture. Research is being continued in this field for better and harmless production of aquatic organisms suitable for human consumption [ 23 ].

Pest Resistant Crops

Pest attack is one of the very common problem in a number of different crops all around the globe, these crops may include fodder crops or other crops for the purpose of getting food. One the example of such crops is BT-Cotton. The genes of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a very common, are inserted in cotton crop in order for development of certain protein in it. The protein is very toxic to a number of different insects. With this aid of biotechnology, the developed BT-Cotton leads to a less pest attack ultimately leading to a significant more production [ 24 ].

Drought Resistant Crops

Targeted and short gun methods are two different two different but main techniques in genetic engineering. These techniques are applied in order to obtain transgenic plants that will possess the ability to confer drought resistance [ 10 ].

The prosperity of future is mainly based on the supply of equitable, secure, sustainable and affordable energy. Production of biofuel is one of the emerged trends in recent years. Biofuel could be an emerged and reliable substitute of fossil fuels. Six microalgae’s strains were photosynthetically produced in a photobioreactor. Among these six microalgae, the Chlorella vulgaris strain is most dominant for the production of biodiesel. The Chlorella vulgaris has been used as feedstock. The quality of biofuel and productivity of lipids could be measured as a criterion for the selection of species to produce biodiesel [ 25 ].

Vaccine Development

Biotechnology has developed potential platform for scientists to develop wide ranges of vaccine in cheap and reliable ways and in mass production for all scales [ 26 ].

Fermentation

Fermentation is a predominant process to synthesize breweries. At commercial level, several strains of yeast are being utilized for the production of breweries. The light wine can be made through the mechanism of genetic engineering. Foreign gene encoded with glucoamylase has enabled to modify yeast. The glucoamylase is expressed through yeast during the fermentation process by which conversion of starch into glucose has been reported [ 27 ]. The strains of yeast are used for synthesis of wine which are capable of initiating malolactic fermentation. Synthesis of wine is comprised of two steps: 1) Primary fermentation uses yeast to convert the glucose into alcohol. 2) Secondary fermentation results in the production of lactic acid with the maximum acidity level using bacteria. The costly divergent strategies are applied to overcome this issue. The malolactic gene such as Lactobacillus delbrueckii is inserted into the strain of industrial yeast to resolve this problem. This gene depresses the conversion of malate hence minimizing the wine acidity level [ 27 ].

Enzymes are specifically used in processing and production of different items of food at industrial level. In 20th century second last decade, companies are being using enzymes to process food. The production of food is done by developing the technique of producing organisms through genetically modification. These enzymes contain carbohydrases and proteases. The maximum production could be achieved by the cloning of genes for these in minimum time period. These enzymes are specifically used for producing curd, cheese and flavoring items of food. Maximum percentage of enzymes are used in the industry of food. The more than 50% quantities of carbohydrases and proteases are being utilized in the USA industry of food. These enzymes comprise of α-amylase and rennin [ 27 ].

Use of Biotechnology to Improve Yield

Milk is being consumed all over the world as a beneficial food with high nutritional value. The pituitary gland releases bovine Somatotropin hormone which increases the production of milk. Formerly, the calves were being slaughtered to extract this hormone from their brain. Nevertheless, that method results in the less hormone quantity. Scientists utilized Escherichia coli for the insertion of gene with encoded bovine Somatotropin in it. Now, this hormone results in the production of more quantity. This hormone obtains 10–12% increase in the production of milk. In 2050, the world’s population will be reported nine billion. Consequently, on the same land, higher yield will be required. Potentially, biotechnology is the best technology to combat various food yield problem [ 27 ]. The greater level of hunger and poverty is reported in Africa. The malnutrition and hunger causes consequences in the case of in diseases such as rickets and kwashiorkor. These diseases result higher deaths. Africa can get rid of starvation, diseases, malnutrition and hunger with maximumly potential usage of biotechnology. It can improve standard of health and decrease rate of mortality. Three countries of Africa: Egypt, South Africa and Burkina Faso have been already profited through biotechnological adaptation of numerous methods of cultivation. For instance, 0.1 million Burkina Faso’s farmers elevated the cotton yield by 126% with the potential use of GM technology of food. The technology of GM food is adopted which is required for the commercial system. It causes the products of GMO release, allergenicity tests, toxicity and digestivity of GM food. In that particular area, European Union and USA should assist Africa. Many countries of Africa deficient in the system of biosafety. African should develop biosafety laws and make sure their approval their as priority for the easily adoption of system. The deficiency of education is another obstacle in the technology of GM food’s adoption. Kenyan people are much concerned about technology of GM food as they made protest against it. The lack of education is the major factor of the adverse attitude of people of Kenya toward biotechnology of food. People should be aware of advantages and disadvantages of GM technology of food through conveyance of message in seminars by scientists [ 28 ].

Various juice of fruits possesses minimum shell life. For instance, tomato is being consumed all over the world. Tomatoes should be harvested at stage of mature green in order to transportation. They are exposed to ethylene for earlier ripening and then picking. The quick ripening of tomatoes is due to more temperatures although, their taste could be destroyed at low temperature. A company of California named Calgene engineered genetically tomato to resolve that problem. They produced Flavr Savr variety of tomatoes in order to sort out the issue. An enzyme which is named as polygalacturonase causes the breakdown of pectin to ensure ripening. Scientists modified genetically tomatoes to decrease the quantity of enzyme. Antisense RNA is used for that specific purpose [ 28 ]. Low quantity of that enzyme shows consequences in the case of breakdown of cell wall and pectin in stronger tomatoes. These Flavr Savr variety possess tomatoes of firmer quality with increased shell life and later support transport [ 29 ].

Biotechnology: Enhancing Taste

Scientists are using the method of biotechnology for the production of fruits with enhanced taste. GM foods with enhanced taste are comprise of eggplant, cherries, pepper, seedless watermelon and tomato etc. The seed are removed from these fruits which shows better consequences such as more content of sugar with soluble form increasing sweetness in fruits [ 30 ]. The pathways of fermentation are altered by utilizing biotechnology for the purpose to add flavor and aroma in wine [ 27 ].

Future Prospects

There is requirement of research work to disprove or prove the local scientists’ claims against GM food consumption. The layman should be questioned about potential dangers executed by GM food against human health and ecosystem, limited scientists can give response. Why is so?? Major reason is the lack of research associated to these areas. Consequently, GM food could be commercialized with the supreme confidence of scientists should to support food of GM technology and with making people argument about it.

The practical applications of biotechnology have merged to have helpful and safe production of sustained food. More research is recommended in the said field for better and safe production and processing technologies and techniques.

Acknowledgements

The authors have no acknowledgements to endorse.

Declarations

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests.

Biotechnology is a wide-ranging science that uses modern technologies to construct biological processes, organisms, cells or cellular components. This article summarizes some of the social implications of biotechnology.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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