introduction for diabetes assignment

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What Is Diabetes?

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Diabetes is a disease that occurs when your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high. Glucose is your body’s main source of energy. Your body can make glucose, but glucose also comes from the food you eat.

Insulin is a hormone  made by the pancreas  that helps glucose get into your cells to be used for energy. If you have diabetes, your body doesn’t make enough—or any—insulin, or doesn’t use insulin properly. Glucose then stays in your blood and doesn’t reach your cells.

Diabetes raises the risk for damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart. Diabetes is also linked to some types of cancer. Taking steps to prevent or manage diabetes may lower your risk of developing diabetes health problems.

What are the different types of diabetes?

The most common types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes

If you have type 1 diabetes , your body makes little or no insulin. Your immune system  attacks and destroys the cells in your pancreas that make insulin. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, although it can appear at any age. People with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin every day to stay alive.

Type 2 diabetes

If you have type 2 diabetes , the cells in your body don’t use insulin properly. The pancreas may be making insulin but is not making enough insulin to keep your blood glucose level in the normal range. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. You are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes if you have risk factors , such as overweight or obesity , and a family history of the disease. You can develop type 2 diabetes at any age, even during childhood.

You can help delay or prevent type 2 diabetes  by knowing the risk factors and taking steps toward a healthier lifestyle, such as losing weight or preventing weight gain.

Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. Most of the time, this type of diabetes goes away after the baby is born. However, if you’ve had gestational diabetes, you have a higher chance of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Sometimes diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy is type 2 diabetes.

Prediabetes

People with prediabetes  have blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. If you have prediabetes, you have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. You also have a higher risk for heart disease than people with normal glucose levels.

Other types of diabetes

A less common type of diabetes, called monogenic diabetes , is caused by a change in a single gene . Diabetes can also come from having surgery to remove the pancreas, or from damage to the pancreas due to conditions such as cystic fibrosis or pancreatitis .

How common are diabetes and prediabetes?

More than 133 million Americans have diabetes or prediabetes. 1

As of 2019, 37.3 million people—or 11.3% of the U.S. population—had diabetes. 1 More than 1 in 4 people over the age of 65 had diabetes. Nearly 1 in 4 adults with diabetes didn’t know they had the disease. 2

About 90% to 95% of diabetes cases are type 2 diabetes. 3

In 2019, 96 million adults—38% of U.S. adults—had prediabetes. 4

What other health problems can people with diabetes develop?

Over time, high blood glucose can damage your heart , kidneys , feet , and eyes . If you have diabetes, you can take steps to lower your chances of developing diabetes health problems  by taking steps to improve your health  and learning how to manage the disease . Managing your blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels can help prevent future health problems.

This content is provided as a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of Health. NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public. Content produced by NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts.

NIDDK would like to thank: Daniel Bessesen, M.D., University of Colorado; Domenico Accili, M.D., Columbia University

Essay on Diabetes

Introduction

Diabetes is a healthcare condition that has continued to affect so many people, both young and old. Understanding more about Diabetes will help people live a healthy lifestyle by avoiding all the possible things that might cause it. In this assignment, I will assess why Diabetes is a significant health issue to individuals and the world. I will discuss the background of Diabetes, its definitions, and the types of Diabetes. Besides, I will discuss what is needed to promote individual and group health for people who have Diabetes. By the end of the assignment, one will have better knowledge about Diabetes since I will also discuss the causes and preventive measures that can be undertaken to prevent the disease. Towards the end of the assignment, I will describe three achievable health promotion goals, hence helping fight against Diabetes. I will also describe some of the interventions and roles that different people, groups, and organizations play to reduce the high cases of Diabetes in the world.

During the medieval ages, being diagnosed with Diabetes was like a death sentence. The pioneers of diabetes treatment were Thomas Willis, Sushruta, and Arataeus (Mandal, 2021). The three were Greek physicians who encouraged people to exercise on horsebacks to prevent excess urination. They also described other therapies like overfeeding and taking wine to reduce starvation and excessive loss of fluids (Mandal, 2021). On the other hand, the ancient Indians would test for Diabetes by taking ants near a person’s urine. If the human urine attracted the ants, then the person would be diagnosed with urine (Mandal, 2021). Diabetes is a disease that is the leading cause of high blood sugar levels. People who have Diabetes have bodies that cannot make enough insulin, or their bodies cannot use the insulin they have effectively (Healthline, 2021). Insulin is the hormone that moves sugars from the blood to the body cells. There are several types of Diabetes, including type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, prediabetes, and Diabetes insipidus (Healthine, 2021). All these types affect our bodies differently, and they all have different effects, hence different coping strategies.

The rationale for Choosing Diabetes

Diabetes is among the most severe health issues in the world. This is the reason why I chose to discuss it to create awareness about it. The bad thing with Diabetes is that one can get it and not know that they have it. By the time they realize that they have Diabetes, the condition is worse, and the person is highly affected. According to Genesis Medical Associates (2015), one out of three adults have higher blood sugar levels; a condition referred to as prediabetes. If the persons do not change their lifestyles, the sugar levels increase, leading to other types of Diabetes (Genesis Medical Associates, 2015). Learning about Diabetes will allow people to support each other in the fight against Diabetes. This includes eating healthy meals and maintaining a healthy lifestyle through exercising (Dowshen, 2021). Another reason why I chose to discuss Diabetes is to learn more about the causes and how to manage the disease. Since most people do not know about the condition, it is crucial to educate them so that in case they feel any symptoms, and they can get the treatment as early as possible (Dowshen, 2021). It is easy to deal with Diabetes as long as the signs are detected early enough and the patient follows the given guidelines on healthy living.

Epidemiology

Diabetes is a significant health concern since it affects so many people in the world. Diabetes can affect any person. However, some ethnic groups are affected more than others. The Alaska Natives and the American Indians are more affected by Diabetes as compared to all other ethnic groups. In terms of age, more than sixty-five years are more prone to getting diabetes than young people. According to Shaikh (2021), % of the people who are more than 65 years have diabetes. However, the young people are also affected but at a meager percentage compared to the older people.

The risk factors for Type 1 diabetes are hereditary, hence easily transferred from parents to children. Type 1 diabetes primarily affects young children and teenagers. Also, white Americans are at a higher risk of getting the disease than African Americans and Latino Americans (Shaikh, 2021). Type 2 diabetes affects middle and old age persons. Also, other risk factors for type 2 diabetes include genes, being overweight, a history of gestational pregnancy, and giving birth to a baby that is more than 9lbs (Shaikh, 2021).

It is important to note that diabetes is more prone in rural areas where people do not have access to health services and education. In the United Kingdom, 28% of the people with diabetes have issues obtaining medication due to a lack of health services and knowledge on how to go about diabetes treatment (Whicher et al., 2019 p.243). Besides, most of the people who are in the rural do not go for annual health checkups; hence their conditions get worse daily.

Assessment and assessment tools for Diabetes

Different tools are used during the assessment of diabetes. Assessing diabetes is very important as it helps differentiate between different types of diabetes and the extent of the condition. The Diabetes Prevention Screening Tool helps identify the persons at risk of getting diabetes (Diabetes Education Services, 2021). Such people are encouraged to join the CDC prevention program. There is also the Risk Test for Pre Diabetes patients to understand the risks they face as pre-diabetics (Diabetes Education Services, 2021).

The Diabetes Risk calculator is a tool that is used to detect undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes. The social Support Assessment Tool helps diabetic patients to have a support system (Diabetes Initiative, 2020). Patients who have Diabetes need a lot of support from family and friends. The support shown will help them adhere to the doctor’s instructions, hence improving the chances of being better. Another assessment is the Mental Health Progress Report. The report is filled up during the patient’s follow-up visits. The assessment involves questions determining if the patient is affected by the condition mentally (Diabetes Initiative, 2020). It helps the doctors to guide the patient on how they can cope mentally with Diabetes.

Health Promotion Goals that you will like to Achieve

One of the goals that I would like to achieve is to reduce the high number of people diagnosed with Diabetes. I will encourage people to ensure they exercise at least thirty minutes a day to become physically fit. To make this goal achievable, I will create small groups that will act as support systems. This will help push people towards healthy living, preventing them from being diagnosed with the condition (Cecelia Health, 2021). My goal is realistic since it is easy to adopt a good eating habit and exercise at least thirty minutes daily. Still, it becomes easier when these activities are done in groups so that members feel motivated. To ensure that the goal is achieved, I will set a time frame of three months. Each member must have dropped at least 10 pounds within three months and managed to exercise at least 30 minutes daily, consistently.

The second goal is to enhance a better diabetes management program. Most people who have diabetes do not know what they should avoid, while others ignore the advice given to them by the doctors. In this case, I will form a group of people of different ages who are diabetic. The group formed will be a support system that will help each other cope with Diabetes. I will encourage the group members to remain healthy by eating the right food and exercising daily (McDermott, 2020). For those that are older, they can do simple exercises like jogging and walking a few kilometers daily. After five months, I will assess each patient’s changes in sugar levels and the general healthcare status (McDermott, 2020). I expect the sugar levels to be expected or close to normal for most patients within this period. Besides, the patients will have adapted to the new lifestyle since they got used to it.

Interventions for your health promotion goals

As indicated above, the first goal is to reduce the high numbers of people diagnosed with diabetes. The first health intervention is by ensuring that people are engaging in vigorous activities and exercises. Before one retires to bed, they must ensure that they have done a bit of practice to increase the metabolic activities of their bodies (Harvard T.H CHAN, 2021). Exercising helps maintain a moderate weight; hence, the high obesity and overweight people will reduce significantly. Besides, exercise helps increase insulin sensitivity in the body. As a result, the body cells can consume the sugars that are in the bloodstream.

For this intervention to work, both individuals and groups work together. A person must know that they have a personal responsibility to ensure that they maintain healthy body weight. Besides, organizations can play a significant role by ensuring that they create team-building activities (Harvard T.H CHAN, 2021). Organizations can set a day or two per month whereby all the employees and employers are involved in various team-building activities. This will help to ensure that at least all members keep fit, even if some of the members might not be keeping fit at a personal level. Since young people are also at a very high risk of getting diabetes, schools should develop a schedule to see all the students engage in exercise activities (John Muir Health, 2021). For example, the school can decide to have a physical exercise lesson after every two days.

Another intervention that will see few people being diagnosed with diabetes is maintaining a healthy eating lifestyle. Most people, especially teenagers, eat food that is full of calories. First, one should ensure they increase the fiber intake (Science Daily, 2018). Fiber is essential as it helps to slow down the digestion of carbs and sugars. Foods that contain more fibers include legumes, vegetables, and whole grains. Too many carbs place a person at a very high risk of getting diabetes. Another healthy eating habit is taking plenty of water to stay hydrated at all times (John Muir Health, 2021). When one takes a lot of water, it also helps the kidney eliminate excess sugars through the urine (Science Daily, 2018). A well-hydrated person is at a lower risk of getting diabetes. However, one should avoid sugar-sweetened drinks as they raise the level of glucose in the blood.

Both individuals and organizations have a role to play when it comes to maintaining a healthy eating lifestyle. Families should ensure that they prepare meals that are balanced diet. As an individual, one has a choice to eat whatever they want. Following this, one should avoid taking foods with high carb content instead of increasing the intake of high fiber meals. Organizations should also participate in this intervention by preparing healthy meals for their employees (Science Daily, 2018). Communities should be encouraged to grow more fibers and take the origin foods rather than rely on ready-made foods with high calories. Also, schools can be involved by ensuring that they have a reasonable timetable for all the meals, and the fiber intake for each student should be higher than the carb intake.

The second goal is enhancing better management for people who are living with diabetes. Individuals have a tremendous responsibility to ensure that they follow the given guidelines to stabilize sugar levels efficiently. As a diabetic patient, one should know the type of diabetes they are suffering from and the measures they are supposed to take to become better (NIH, 2021). The first step that a diabetic person should take is to ensure that they are not stressed. Stress triggers sugar levels, hence raising them. To reduce stress triggers, one can listen to their favorite music, take a walk, breathing in and out, or doing their favorite activities (Diabetes UK, 2021). Also, a person needs to have a support system to reach out in case they feel stressed.

The second step that one can take to deal with diabetes is ensuring that they eat well. After being assessed by the doctor, a health care team should help the sick person come up with a meal plan (Diabetes UK, 2021). The meal plan should contain fewer calories, fewer sugars and salt, and high saturated fats. Also, a diabetic person should eat foods that have high fiber, like rice and bread. Instead of drinking sweetened juices, a diabetic person should ensure that they take plenty of clean drinking water. This helps to keep the body hydrated at all times.

Both individuals and groups have a significant role in ensuring that diabetic persons are taken care of. They have the necessary things needed for them to reduce sugar levels. Health facilities should make sure that they do follow-ups so that if a patient has forgotten to go for checkups, they can go upon being reminded. Besides, other organizations like NGOs should develop fiber for needy people who might not afford such things.

Evaluation of your Health Promotion Care

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through exercise is not hard to achieve as long as the people involved know the benefits of exercising. Exercising is an effective strategy that will help prevent diabetes and prevent other diseases like heart attack and stroke (Diabetes UK, 2021). However, people should be allowed to choose the kind of exercise that they want to do. Instead of going for a run, one can engage in other activities like playing football, netball, or swimming (Harvard T.H CHAN, 2021). Since people are not the same, one should not be forced to go for a morning jog, yet they like swimming. If this is done, the exercises will be more effective since people will be doing them willingly. I would recommend that the government makes it paramount for organizations to have different days from engaging in other activities like swimming, running, jogging, etc. Also, schools should ensure that there are various exercises for all the students to have one or two activities that they can engage in easily.

The second promotion of care was encouraging people to eat healthy meals. From the above discussion, it is evident that people need to engage in healthy lifestyles. Whether a person has diabetes or not, engaging in a healthy lifestyle is very important (Science Daily, 2018. Following this, one should ensure that they avoid high calories and have high fibers. This healthcare plan can be effective only if the government and other non-governmental organizations are willing to provide the proper meals for the people in need. Some diabetic people do not have access to medical care; hence they cannot do follow-ups about their conditions. As a result, the health care plan will become hard to achieve if the doctors and health care workers do not follow up on their patients to ensure they have taken the right medicines and that the sugar levels are not increasing (John Muir Health, 2021. For this, I would recommend that treatment of diabetes becomes free of charge in all public healthcare institutions. This will make it easy for the poor diabetic people to go for checkups since they know they will not be asked for any money to get the services they need. During the Diabetes Awareness week in the country, the government led by the health care sector should ensure that people are educated about diabetes. This will help people learn more about it and engage in activities that will help reduce diseases.

Tannahill Health Promotion Model

The Tannahill Health Promotion Model helps in the prevention of diabetes and protection of people who have diabetes. As discussed above, diabetes can be prevented through eating the right foods and ensuring that one is physically fit. The Tannahill Health promotion strategy also suggests a good communication flow between the patient and the health care providers (Queens University Belfast, 2021). In this case, the healthcare providers should do the follow up’s for their patients. The third aspect of the Tannahill Health promotion program is that the citizens should be given health protection through the legislature, social measures, and financial measures (Queens University Belfast, 2021). This includes helping needy people eat healthy meals and ensuring that organizations and companies give their employees the proper meals. Besides, Companies, organizations, and schools should set aside specific days where each person is engaged in other activities like swimming, ring, and playing their favorite games.

Diabetes is indeed one of the most severe diseases in the world. Diabetes affects both the young and the old and people of all ages. Although people at the age of 65 and older are more prone to being diagnosed with diabetes, other factors also determine if a person is prone to getting diabetes (Healthline, 2021). For example, a child can get diabetes from their parents; hence they get hereditary diabetes. Women who have experienced gestational diabetes are also at a very high risk of contracting the disease again (Shaikh, 2021). People who are not physically fit are also prone to getting diabetes. Following this, it is evident that although some people are more prone to getting diabetes, several other factors play a significant role.

Although diabetes is a severe condition worldwide, it can be controlled and the high rates reduced. This can be achieved through two maintaining it; exercising and eating suitable meals. Since some people cannot afford the healthy diet recommended for diabetic people, the government and other non-governmental organizations can provide such meals to the people (Whicher et al., 2019 p.243. Also, ensuring that the medication services are accessible at the public hospitals will encourage most people to go for follow-ups. Exercising is easy since there are so many activities that help burn calories (Shaikh, 2021). That is why it is essential to let the person choose activities they are good at and concentrate on them. Generally, although diabetes is a serious condition, it is easy to prevent and manage it if all resources are available.

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Genesis Medical Associates, 2015.  The Importance Of Understanding And Preventing Diabetes – Genesis Medical Associates, Inc . [online] Genesismedical.org. Available at: <https://www.genesismedical.org/blog/the-importance-of-understanding-and-preventing-diabetes> [Accessed 1 June 2021].

Harvard T.H CHAN, 2021.  Simple Steps to Preventing Diabetes . [online] The Nutrition Source. Available at: <https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/disease-prevention/diabetes-prevention/preventing-diabetes-full-story/> [Accessed 1 June 2021].

Healthline, 2021.  Everything You Need to Know About Diabetes . [online] Healthline. Available at: <https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes#:~:text=Diabetes%20mellitus%2C%20commonly%                                                                                 20known%20as,the%20insulin%20it%20does%20make.> [Accessed 1 June 2021].

John Muir Health, 2021.  Preventing Diabetes . [online] Johnmuirhealth.com. Available at: <https://www.johnmuirhealth.com/health-education/conditions-treatments/diabetes-articles/preventing-diabetes.html> [Accessed 1 June 2021].

Mandal, A., 2021.  History of Diabetes . [online] News Medical. Available at: <https://www.news-medical.net/health/History-of-Diabetes.aspx#:~:text=The%20term%20diabetes%20was%20probably,sweet%20taste%20of%20the%20urine.> [Accessed 1 June 2021].

McDermott, A., 2020.  7 Long-Term Goals for Better Diabetes Management . [online] Healthline. Available at: <https://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes/living-better-with-type-2-diabetes/long-term-goals-everyone-with-type-2-diabetes-should-make> [Accessed 1 June 2021].

NIH, 2021.  4 Steps to Manage Your Diabetes for Life | NIDDK . [online] National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Available at: <https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes/4-steps> [Accessed 1 June 2021].

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Whicher, C., O’Neill, S., and Holt, R., 2019. Diabetes in the UK: 2019.  Diabetic Medicine , [online] 37(2), pp.242-247. Available at: <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dme.14225> [Accessed 1 June 2021].

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Diabetes pp 1–11 Cite as

Introduction to Diabetes Mellitus

• Kirti Kaul 2 ,
• Joanna M. Tarr 2 ,
• Shamim I. Ahmad 3 ,
• Eva M. Kohner 2 &
• Rakesh Chibber 2  
• First Online: 30 December 2012

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51 Citations

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 771))

The chronic metabolic disorder diabetes mellitus is a fast-growing global problem with huge social, health, and economic consequences. It is estimated that in 2010 there were globally 285 millionpeople (approximately 6.4% of the adult population) suffering from this disease. This number is estimated to increase to 430 million in the absence of better control or cure. An ageing population and obesity are two main reasons for the increase. Furthermore it has been shown that almost 50% of the putative diabetics are not diagnosed until 10 years after onset of the disease, hence the real prevalence of global diabetes must be astronomically high.

This chapter introduces the types of diabetes and diabetic complications such as impairment of immune system, periodontal disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, somatic and autonomic neuropathy, cardiovascular diseases and diabetic foot. Also included are the current management and treatments, and emerging therapies.

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Kaul, K., Tarr, J.M., Ahmad, S.I., Kohner, E.M., Chibber, R. (2013). Introduction to Diabetes Mellitus. In: Ahmad, S.I. (eds) Diabetes. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 771. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5441-0_1

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Introduction to diabetes mellitus

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The chronic metabolic disorder diabetes mellitus is a fast-growing global problem with huge social, health, and economic consequences. It is estimated that in 2010 there were globally 285 million people (approximately 6.4% of the adult population) suffering from this disease. This number is estimated to increase to 430 million in the absence of better control or cure. An ageing population and obesity are two main reasons for the increase. Furthermore it has been shown that almost 50% of the putative diabetics are not diagnosed until 10 years after onset of the disease, hence the real prevalence of global diabetes must be astronomically high. This chapter introduces the types of diabetes and diabetic complications such as impairment of immune system, periodontal disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, somatic and autonomic neuropathy, cardiovascular diseases and diabetic foot. Also included are the current management and treatments, and emerging therapies.

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• Chronic Disease
• Diabetes Complications / drug therapy
• Diabetes Complications / physiopathology
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / drug therapy*
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / physiopathology*
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / drug therapy*
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / physiopathology*
• Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use*
• Hypoglycemic Agents

• Introduction To Diabetes

Introduction to Diabetes

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In order to understand diabetes, it is necessary to first understand the role glucose plays with regard to the body, and what can happen when regulation of glucose fails and blood sugar levels become dangerously low or high.

The tissues and cells that make up the human body are living things, and require food to stay alive. The food cells eat is a type of sugar called glucose. Fixed in place as they are, the body's cells are completely dependent on the blood stream in which they are bathed to bring glucose to them. Without access to adequate glucose, the body's cells have nothing to fuel themselves with and soon die.

Human beings eat food, not glucose. Human foods get converted into glucose as a part of the normal digestion process. Once converted, glucose enters the blood stream, causing the level of dissolved glucose inside the blood to rise. The blood stream then carries the dissolved glucose to the various tissues and cells of the body.

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Though glucose may be available in the blood, nearby cells are not able to access that glucose without the aid of a chemical hormone called insulin. Insulin acts as a key to open the cells, allowing them to receive and utilize available glucose. Cells absorb glucose from the blood in the presence of insulin, and blood sugar levels drop as sugar leaves the blood and enters the cells. Insulin can be thought of as a bridge for glucose between the blood stream and cells. It is important to understand when levels of insulin increase, levels of sugar in the blood decrease (because the sugar goes into the cells to be used for energy).

The body is designed to regulate and buffer the amount of glucose dissolved in the blood to maintain a steady supply to meet cell needs. The pancreas, one of your body's many organs, produces, stores and releases insulin into the blood stream to bring glucose levels back down.

The concentration of glucose available in the blood stream at any given moment is dependent on the amount and type of foods that people eat. Refined carbohydrates, candy and sweets are easy to break down into glucose. Correspondingly, blood glucose levels rise rapidly after such foods have been eaten. In contrast, blood sugars rises gradually and slowly after eating more complex, unrefined carbohydrates (oatmeal, apples, baked potatoes, etc.) which require more digestive steps take place before glucose can be yielded. Faced with rapidly rising blood glucose concentrations, the body must react quickly by releasing large amounts of insulin all at once or risk a dangerous condition called Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) which will be described below. The influx of insulin enables cells to utilize glucose, and glucose concentrations drop. While glucose levels can rise and fall rapidly, insulin levels change much more slowly.  When a large amount of simple sugar is eaten the bloodstream quickly becomes flooded with glucose.  Insulin is released by the pancreas in response to the increased sugar.  The glucose rapidly enters the cells but the high levels of insulin remain in the bloodstream for a period of time.  This can result in an overabundance of insulin in the blood, which can trigger feelings of hunger and even Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), another serious condition. When blood glucose concentrations rise more gradually, there is less need for dramatic compensation. Insulin can be released in a more controlled and safer manner which requires the body experience less strain. This more gradual process will leave you feeling “full” or content for a longer period of time. For these reasons, it is best for overall health to limit the amount and frequency of sweets and refined sugars in your diet. Instead eat more complex sugars such as raw fruit, whole wheat bread and pasta, and beans. The difference between simple and complex sugars (carbohydrates) is exemplified by the difference between white (simple) and whole wheat (more complex) bread.

Insulin is the critical key to the cell's ability to use glucose. Problems with insulin production or with how insulin is recognized by the cells can easily cause the body's carefully balanced glucose metabolism system to get out of control. When either of these problems occur, Diabetes develops, blood sugar levels surge and crash and the body risks becoming damaged.

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Acknowledgments

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In a special series of the ADA Journals' podcast Diabetes Core Update , host Dr. Neil Skolnik interviews special guests and authors of this clinical compendium issue. Listen now at Special Podcast Series: Focus on Diabetes or view the interviews on YouTube at A Practice Guide to Diabetes-Related Eye Care .

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Diabetes is a multifactorial disease process, and its long-term management requires the active involvement of people with diabetes and their families, as well as a large multidisciplinary care team to ensure optimal health, quality of life, and productivity. Keeping up with new medications, emerging technology, and evolving treatment recommendations can be challenging, and the language and care processes commonly used by practitioners in one discipline may be less familiar to other diabetes care professionals.

In the realm of diabetes-related eye care, our ability to prevent the progression of diabetes-related retinal disease and thereby preserve vision has never been greater. However, far too many people with diabetes still are not receiving appropriate screening to identify eye disease early and ensure its timely treatment.

It is our hope that this compendium has provided information and guidance to improve communication and encourage collaboration between eye care professionals and other diabetes health care professionals and allow them to more effectively cooperate to reduce barriers to care and improve both the ocular and systemic health of their shared patients.

Editorial and project management services were provided by Debbie Kendall of Kendall Editorial in Richmond, VA.

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B.A.C. is a consultant for Genentech and Regeneron. S.A.R. is a speaker for Allergan, Inc., and VSP Vision Care. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this compendium were reported.

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All authors researched and wrote their respective sections. Lead author T.W.G. reviewed all content and is the guarantor of this work.

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Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction.

Purpose of the food we eat is to provide nutrition and energy to the body. But Diabetes Mellitus is a condition wherein your body can't absorb or use the energy produced after consuming food. The diabetes mellitus symptoms are shown in human beings in only two terms as mentioned below:

The pancreas produces naturally occurring hormones like insulin which helps convert sugar for energy. In the case of diabetes mellitus, the pancreas creates nominal or no insulin. 

In other cases, the insulin produced by the pancreas doesn't function normally.

About Diabetes Mellitus

To put simply, it is a disorder wherein someone’s body fails to produce sufficient insulin from pancreas or fails to make use of it to produce energy. As a result, your body has a high level of blood sugar which leaves adverse effects on your health. It is also considered a life-threatening disease and may cause other issues in the human body. 

Primarily, these are divided into two classes, as shown below. 

Types of Diabetes Mellitus

Besides these two, there can be several other kinds of diabetes mellitus caused by surgery, use of medicines, other illnesses, and conditions. One such type is Gestational diabetes which occurs in case a pregnant woman with no history of diabetes starts showing this symptom. Therefore, pregnant women over the age of 35, having a family history of diabetes, or overweight individuals have a high chance of developing dm symptoms. 

Main Symptoms of Diabetes

Most common symptoms shown by diabetes mellitus patients are listed below. 

Feeling hungry even after eating. 

Increased feeling of thirst. 

Frequent urination. 

Fatigue. 

Weight loss. 

Healing a wound or cut takes time. 

Blurred vision. 

Urine or yeast infections. 

Dry & itchy skin. 

These are a few diabetes mellitus type 2 symptoms which a patient may show in case their body stops creating insulin or doesn't produce sufficient insulin. In either case, the patient needs to seek immediate medical attention so that their health can recover. 

Test Your Knowledge 

1. Choose the Appropriate Risk Factor Concerning Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Dietary fat intake in a considerable amount 

Overweight 

Family history with diabetes 

All of the above 

2. Choose the most Suitable Option which Distinguishes Between Type 2 and Type 1 Diabetes. 

Patients having type 1 diabetes can quickly develop chronic disorders. 

Oral hypoglycemic agents can be taken to increase endogenous insulin production in type 1 diabetes patients. 

Type 2 diabetes patients need a lower dose of insulin compared to the ones with type 1 because it's a milder type. 

In the case of type 1 pathogenesis, autoimmune factors are present, which isn't the case with type 2.

Treatment for Diabetes Mellitus 

Time to time diagnosis of blood sugar levels. 

Having a diet plan according to your blood sugar level. 

Regular exercise. 

Medications and injections as recommended by physicians. 

Therefore, it is possible to control the blood sugar levels of a patient by undergoing the right kind of treatment. Now that you have learnt the clinical features of diabetes mellitus, you will be able to answer even tricky questions quickly. To get more comprehensive knowledge about the subject, download Vedantu's app and accelerate your learning process. 

Risk Factors of Diabetes

The factors that raise your risk vary depending on the kind of diabetes you eventually acquire are:

Having a Type 1 diabetes family history either to your parents or siblings.

Autoantibodies are present in your system. Autoantibodies are antibodies that erroneously target the tissues or organs of your own body.

Any type of physical stress such as illness or surgery.

Exposure to viruses-caused diseases.

The Following are Some of the Risk Factors For Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes:

A family history of prediabetes or Type 2 diabetes.

Being Overweight.

High Blood Pressure

Physically Inactive

Having a low HDL cholesterol level and a high triglyceride level.

Having a family history of cardiovascular disease or heart stroke.

Having gestational diabetes or having a baby that weighs more than 9 pounds.

Risk Factors For Gestational Diabetes Include:

The Family history of prediabetes or Type 2 diabetes.

Being overweight before your pregnancy.

Being over 25 years of age.

What causes Diabetes?

Diabetes, irrespective of type, is caused by having too much glucose circulating in your blood. The cause of your increased blood glucose levels differs depending on the kind of diabetes you have:

Type 1 Diabetes - This is a disease of the immune system. Insulin-producing cells in your pancreas are attacked and destroyed by your body. If you don't have enough insulin to let glucose into your cells, it builds up in your bloodstream. Genes may also have a role in some cases. A virus can also cause an immune system attack.

Type 2 and Prediabetes - Insulin does not function properly in your body's cells, preventing glucose from entering them. Insulin resistance has formed in the cells of your body. Your pancreas can't keep up with insulin requirements and can't produce enough to overcome the resistance. Glucose levels in the bloodstream grow.

Gestational Diabetes - During pregnancy, hormones generated by the placenta make your body's cells more resistant to insulin. Your pancreas is unable to make sufficient insulin to overcome this resistance. There is an excessive amount of glucose in your bloodstream.

How is Diabetes Managed and Treated?

Diabetes affects every part of your body. You'll need to take steps to keep your risk factors under control and within normal ranges if you want to properly manage diabetes, such as:

Following a healthy meal plan. Follow a Mediterranean or Dash diet, which includes vegetables, whole grains, fruits, and healthy fats. These diets are high in fibre and nutrients, yet low in fats and calories. Consult a professional nutritionist for help with nutrition and meal planning.

On most days of the week, try to exercise for at least 30 minutes. Take a walk, swim, or engage in another activity or sport that you like.

If you are overweight, you must lose weight. Develop a weight-loss strategy with the help of an expert.

Taking medicine and insulin as recommended and according to the instructions on how and when to take them.

Keep track of your blood sugar and blood pressure at home.

Maintaining regular contact with your doctor and completing laboratory testing as directed by your doctor.

FAQs on Diabetes Mellitus

1. What Causes Diabetes Mellitus? 

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease caused by insufficiency of insulin in the body. In this condition, either your body doesn't create insulin or doesn't produce sufficient insulin for normal functioning.  

2. How can Diabetes Mellitus have a Massive Impact on the Immune System? 

Besides affecting the metabolic system, the disorder also has a significant impact on other parts of the body, such as the nervous system, heart, kidney, etc. Therefore, it has the potential to affect the immune system. 

3. What are Diabetes Mellitus Symptoms? 

Fatigue, increasing hunger or thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, weight loss, etc. is a few symptoms that patients with diabetes mellitus show. 

4. How does the glucose level in the blood gets high?

Digestion is the process of breaking down the food you consume into numerous nutritional sources. When you eat carbs, your body converts them into sugar/glucose. When glucose enters your bloodstream, it requires assistance – a "key" – to reach its last destination, which is inside your body's cells. Insulin is the "help" or "key" to this. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, which is positioned below the stomach. Your pancreas secretes insulin into your bloodstream. Insulin functions as the "key" that unlocks the cell wall "door," allowing glucose to enter the cells of your body. Glucose supplies the energy that tissues and organs require to function effectively. If a person has diabetes:

Their pancreas produces no or insufficient insulin.

Their pancreas produces insulin, but the body's cells do not respond to it and cannot utilise it as they should.

If glucose is unable to reach your body's cells, it remains in your bloodstream, increasing your blood glucose level.

Biology • Class 12

357 Diabetes Essay Topics & Examples

When you write about the science behind nutrition, heart diseases, and alternative medicine, checking titles for diabetes research papers can be quite beneficial. Below, our experts have gathered original ideas and examples for the task.

🏆 Best Diabetes Essay Examples & Topics

⭐ most interesting diabetes research paper topics, ✅ simple & easy diabetes essay topics, 🎓 good research topics about diabetes, 💡 interesting topics to write about diabetes, 👍 good essay topics on diabetes, ❓ diabetes research question examples.

• Type 2 Diabetes The two major types of diabetes are type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Doctor: The first step in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is consumption of healthy diet.
• Living With a Chronic Disease: Diabetes and Asthma This paper will look at the main effects of chronic diseases in the lifestyle of the individuals and analyze the causes and the preventive measures of diabetes as a chronic disease.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Symptoms, Types, Effects Insulin is the hormone that controls the levels of glucose in the blood, and when the pancreas releases it, immediately the high levels are controlled, like after a meal.
• Adult-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: Patient’s Profile Any immediate care as well as post-discharge treatment should be explained in the best manner possible that is accessible and understandable to the patient.
• Leadership in Diabetes Management Nurses can collaborate and apply evidence-based strategies to empower their diabetic patients. The involvement of all key stakeholders is also necessary.
• Relation Between Diabetes And Nutrition Any efforts to lessen and eliminate the risk of developing diabetes must involve the dietary habit of limiting the consumption of carbohydrates, sugar, and fats. According to Belfort-DeAguiar and Dongju, the three factors of obesity, […]
• Type 2 Diabetes as a Public Health Issue In recent years, a steady increase in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes is observed in almost all countries of the world.
• Health Promotion: Diabetes Mellitus and Comorbidities This offers a unique challenge in the management of diabetes and other chronic diseases; the fragmented healthcare system that is geared towards management of short-term medical emergencies often is not well prepared for the patient […]
• Diabetes Management: Case Study Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes contrast based on their definitions, the causes, and the management of the conditions. Since the CDC promotes the avoidance of saturated fat and the increase of fiber intake for […]
• Diabetes Mellitus Management in the Elderly Diabetes mellitus is a health complication involving an increase in the concentration in the concentration of blood sugar either due to a failure by cells to effectively respond to the production of insulin in the […]
• The Aboriginal Diabetes Initiative in Canada The ADI’s goal in the CDS was to raise type 2 diabetes awareness and lower the incidence of associated consequences among Aboriginal people.
• Diabetes and Its Economic Effect on Healthcare For many years, there has been an active increase in the number of cases of diabetes of all types among the global population, which further aggravates the situation.
• Diabetes Issues: Insulin Price and Unaffordability According to the forecast of researchers from Stanford University, the number of people with type 2 diabetes who need insulin-containing drugs in the world will increase by about 79 million people by 2030, which will […]
• A Study of Juvenile Type 1 Diabetes in the Northwest of England The total number of children under seventeen years living with type 1 diabetes in North West England by 2009 was 2,630.
• The Minority Diabetes Initiative Act’s Analysis The bill provides the right to the Department of Health and Human Services to generate grants to public and nonprofit private health care institutions with the aim of providing treatment for diabetes in minority communities.
• Diabetes Self-Management: Evidence-Based Nursing The article by Seley and Weinger, improving diabetes self management attempts to address the possible barriers to patient education and the role of the nurse in assisting the patient to manage diabetes.
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: Pathophysiology and Treatment The primary etiologies linked to the patient’s T2DM condition include morbid obesity and family history. The genetic factors implicated in T2DM pathogenesis relate to a family history of the disease.
• Cure for Diabetes: The Impossible Takes a Little Longer The synthesis of the existing information about the available options for diabetes treatment is crucial to a better understanding of the problem and the identification of the most promising routes that the further studies should […]
• Gestational Diabetes in a 38-Year-Old Woman The concept map, created to meet B.’s needs, considers her educational requirements and cultural and racial hurdles to recognize her risk factors and interventions to increase her adherence to the recommended course of treatment.B.said in […]
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Implications You call an ambulance and she is taken in to the ED. Background: Jean is still very active and works on the farm 3 days a week.
• Development of Comprehensive Inpatient and Outpatient Programs for Diabetes Overcoming the fiscal and resource utilization issues in the development of a comprehensive diabetes program is essential for the improvement of health and the reduction of treatment costs.
• Healthcare Cost Depending on Chronic Disease Management of Diabetes and Hypertension A sufficient level of process optimization and the presence of a professional treating staff in the necessary number will be able to help improve the indicators.
• Improving Glycemic Control in Black Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Information in them is critical for answering the question and supporting them with the data that might help to acquire an enhanced understanding of the issue under research. Finally, answering the PICOT question, it is […]
• Shared Decision-Making That Affects the Management of Diabetes The article by Peek et al.is a qualitative study investigating the phenomenon of shared decision-making that affects the management of diabetes. The researchers demonstrate the racial disparity that can arise in the choice of approaches […]
• Managing Obesity as a Strategy for Addressing Type 2 Diabetes When a patient, as in the case of Amanda, requires a quick solution to the existing problem, it is necessary to effectively evaluate all options in the shortest possible time.
• Tests and Screenings: Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease The test is offered to patients regardless of gender, while the age category is usually above 45 years. CDC1 recommends doing the test regardless of gender and is conducted once or twice to check the […]
• Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes American Diabetes Association states that for overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes who are ready to lose weight, a 5% weight reduction diet, physical exercise, and behavioral counseling should be provided.
• COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus Lim et al, in their article, “COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management”, explored how COVID-19 can worsen the symptoms of diabetes mellitus.
• The Importance of Physical Exercise in Diabetes II Patients The various activities help to improve blood sugar levels, reduce cardiovascular cases and promote the overall immunity of the patient. Subsequently, the aerobic part will help to promote muscle development and strengthen the bones.
• Diabetes Education Workflow Process Mapping DSN also introduces the patient to the roles of specialists involved in managing the condition, describes the patient’s actions, and offers the necessary educational materials.
• Diabetes: Treatment Complications and Adjustments One of the doctor’s main priorities is to check the compatibility of a patient’s medications. The prescriptions of other doctors need to be thoroughly checked and, if necessary, replaced with more appropriate medication.
• The Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus PICOT (Evidence-Based) Project Blood glucose levels, A1C, weight, and stress management are the parameters to indicate the adequacy of physical exercise in managing T2DM.
• Chronic Disease Cost Calculator (Diabetes) This paper aims at a thorough, detailed, and exhaustive explanation of such a chronic disease as diabetes in terms of the prevalence and cost of treatment in the United States and Maryland.
• Diabetes Mellitus Epidemiology Statistics This study entails a standard established observation order from the established starting time to an endpoint, in this case, the onset of disease, death, or the study’s end. It is crucial to state this value […]
• Epidemiology: Type II Diabetes in Hispanic Americans The prevalence of type II diabetes in Hispanic Americans is well-established, and the search for inexpensive prevention methods is in the limelight.
• Diabetes: Risk Factors and Effects Trends in improved medical care and the development of technology and medicine are certainly contributing to the reduction of the problem. All of the above indicates the seriousness of the problem of diabetes and insufficient […]
• Barriers to Engagement in Collaborative Care Treatment of Uncontrolled Diabetes The primary role of physicians, nurses, and other healthcare team members is to provide patients with medical treatment and coordinate that care while also working to keep costs down and expand access.
• Hereditary Diabetes Prevention With Lifestyle Modification Yeast infections between the fingers and toes, beneath the breast, and in or around the genital organs are the common symptoms of type 2 diabetes.
• Health Equity Regarding Type 2 Diabetes According to Tajkarimi, the number of research reports focusing on T2D’s prevalence and characteristics in underserved minorities in the U. Adapting the program’s toolkits to rural Americans’ eating and self-management habits could also be instrumental […]
• Diabetes Mellitus: Treatment Methods Moreover, according to the multiple findings conducted by Park et al, Billeter et al, and Tsilingiris et al, bariatric surgeries have a positive rate of sending diabetes into remission.
• Diagnosing Patient with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes The possible outcomes of the issues that can be achieved are discussing the violations with the patient’s family and convincing them to follow the medical regulations; convincing the girl’s family to leave her at the […]
• Human Service for Diabetes in Late Adulthood The mission of the Georgia Diabetic Foot Care Program is to make a positive difference in the health of persons living with diabetes.
• Diabetes: Symptoms and Risk Factors In terms of the problem, according to estimates, 415 million individuals worldwide had diabetes mellitus in 2015, and it is expected to rise to 642 million by the year 2040.
• Diabetes: Types and Management Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases in the United States caused when the body fails to optimally metabolize food into energy.
• Type 2 Diabetes’ Impact on Australian Society Consequently, the most significant impact of the disease is the increased number of deaths among the population which puts their lives in jeopardy. Further, other opportunistic diseases are on the rise lowering the quality of […]
• Epidemiology of Diabetes and Forecasted Trends The authors note that urbanization and the rapid development of economies of different countries are the main causes of diabetes. The authors warn that current diabetes strategies are not effective since the rate of the […]
• Communicating the Issue of Diabetes The example with a CGM sensor is meant to show that doctors should focus on educating people with diabetes on how to manage their condition and what to do in extreme situations.
• Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 The goal is to define the features of patient information to provide data on the general course of the illness and its manifestations following the criteria of age, sex, BMI, and experimental data.
• The Prevention of Diabetes and Its Consequences on the Population At the same time, these findings can also be included in educational programs for people living with diabetes to warn them of the risks of fractures and prevent them.
• Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes and Depression Treatment The data synthesis demonstrates that carefully chosen depression and anxiety treatment is likely to result in better A1C outcomes for the patient on the condition that the treatment is regular and convenient for the patients.
• Type 2 Diabetes: Prevention and Education Schillinger et al.came to the same conclusion; thus, their findings on the study of the Bigger Picture campaign effectiveness among youth of color are necessary to explore diabetes prevention.
• A Diabetes Quantitative Article Analysis The article “Correlates of accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary time among adults with type 2 diabetes” by Mathe et al.refers to the global issue of the prevention of diabetes and its complications.
• A Type 2 Diabetes Quantitative Article Critique Therefore, the main issue is the prevention of type 2 diabetes and its consequences, and this paper will examine one of the scientific studies that will be used for its exploration.
• The Diabetes Prevention Articles by Ford and Mathe The main goal of the researchers was to measure the baseline MVPA of participants and increase their activity to the recommended 150 minutes per week through their participation in the Diabetes Community Lifestyle Improvement Program.
• Type 2 Diabetes in Hispanic Americans The HP2020 objectives and the “who, where, and when” of the problem highlight the significance of developing new, focused, culturally sensitive T2D prevention programs for Hispanic Americans.
• Diabetes Mellitus as Problem in US Healthcare Simultaneously, insurance companies are interested in decreasing the incidence of diabetes to reduce the costs of testing, treatment, and provision of medicines.
• Diabetes Prevention as a Change Project All of these queries are relevant and demonstrate the importance of including people at high risk of acquiring diabetes in the intervention.
• Evidence Synthesis Assignment: Prevention of Diabetes and Its Complications The purpose of this research is to analyze and synthesize evidence of good quality from three quantitative research and three non-research sources to present the problem of diabetes and justify the intervention to address it.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Causes and Health Challenges Second, the nature of this problem is a clear indication of other medical concerns in this country, such as poor health objectives and strategies and absence of resources.
• Diabetes in Adults in Oxfordshire On a national level, Diabetes Research and Wellness Foundation aims to prevent the spread of the decease through research of the causes and effective treatment of diabetes 2 type.
• Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Disorder Case Study Analysis Thus, informing the patient about the importance of regular medication intake, physical activity, and adherence to diet in maintaining diabetes can solve the problem.
• Diabetes Mellitus in Young Adults Thus, programs for young adults should predominantly focus on the features of the transition from adolescence to adulthood. As a consequence, educational programs on diabetes improve the physical and psychological health of young adults.
• A Healthcare Issue of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is seen as a primary healthcare issue that affects populations across the globe and necessitates the combination of a healthy lifestyle and medication to improve the quality of life of people who suffer […]
• Control of LDL Cholesterol Levels in Patients, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In addition, some patients with hypercholesterolemia may have statin intolerance, which reduces adherence to therapy, limits treatment efficacy, and increases the risk of CVD.
• Exploring Glucose Tolerance and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In the case of a glucose tolerance test for the purpose of diagnosing GDM type, the interpretation of the test results is carried out according to the norms for the overall population.
• Type 2 Diabetes Health Issue and Exercise This approach will motivate the patient to engage in exercise and achieve better results while reducing the risk of diabetes-related complications.
• Diabetes Interventions in Children The study aims to answer the PICOT Question: In children with obesity, how does the use of m-Health applications for controlling their dieting choices compare to the supervision of their parents affect children’s understanding of […]
• Diabetes Tracker Device and Its Advantages The proposed diabetes tracker is a device that combines the functionality of an electronic BGL tester and a personal assistant to help patients stick to their diet plan.
• Disease Management for Diabetes Mellitus The selection of the appropriate philosophical and theoretical basis for the lesson is essential as it allows for the use of an evidence-based method for learning about a particular disease.
• Latino People and Type 2 Diabetes The primary aim of the study is to determine the facilitators and barriers to investigating the decision-making process in the Latin population and their values associated with type 2 diabetes.
• Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Program The choice of this topic and question is based on the fact that despite the high prevalence of diabetes among adolescents in the United States, the use of DSMES among DM patients is relatively low, […]
• Diabetes Mellitus Care Coordination The aim is to establish what medical technologies, care coordination and community resources, and standards of nursing practice contribute to the quality of care and safety of patients with diabetes.
• Healthy Lifestyle Interventions in Comorbid Asthma and Diabetes In most research, the weight loss in cases of comorbid asthma and obesity is reached through a combination of dietary interventions and physical exercise programs.
• Case Study of Patient with DKA and Diabetes Mellitus It is manifested by a sharp increase in glucose levels and the concentration of ketone bodies in the blood, their appearance in the urine, regardless of the degree of violation of the patient’s consciousness.
• PDSA in Diabetes Prevention The second step in the “Do” phase would be to isolate a few members of the community who are affected by diabetes voluntarily.
• Diabetes: Statistics, Disparities, Therapies The inability to produce adequate insulin or the body’s resistance to the hormone is the primary cause of diabetes. Diabetes is a serious health condition in the U.S.and the world.
• Type 2 Diabetes Prescriptions and Interventions The disadvantage is the difficulty of obtaining a universal model due to the complexity of many factors that can affect the implementation of recommendations: from the variety of demographic data to the patient’s medical history.
• Health Education for Female African Americans With Diabetes In order to address and inform the public about the challenges, nurses are required to intervene by educating the population on the issues to enhance their understanding of the risks associated with the conditions they […]
• Diabetes Risk Assessment and Prevention It is one of the factors predisposing patients suffering from diabetes to various cardiovascular diseases. With diabetes, it is important to learn how to determine the presence of carbohydrates in foods.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Preventive Measures In addition to addressing the medical specialists who will be of service in disease prevention, it will emphasize the intervention programs required to help control the spread of the illness.
• “The Diabetes Online Community” by Litchman et al. The researchers applied the method of telephone interviews to determine the results and effectiveness of the program. The study described the value of DOC in providing support and knowledge to older diabetes patients.
• Mobile App for Improved Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes The central focus of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the BlueStar app in controlling glucose levels among the participants.
• Type 2 Diabetes in Minorities from Cultural Perspective The purpose of this paper is to examine the ethical and cultural perspectives on the issue of T2DM in minorities. Level 2: What are the ethical obstacles to treating T2DM in ethnic and cultural minorities?
• Ethics of Type 2 Diabetes Prevalence in Minorities The purpose of this article analysis is to dwell on scholarly evidence that raises the question of ethical and cultural aspects of T2DM prevalence in minorities.
• Type 2 Diabetes in Minorities: Research Questions The Level 2 research questions are: What are the pathophysiological implications of T2DM in minorities? What are the statistical implications of T2DM in minorities?
• Improving Adherence to Diabetes Treatment in Primary Care Settings Additionally, the patients from the intervention group will receive a detailed explanation of the negative consequences of low adherence to diabetes treatment.
• An Advocacy Tool for Diabetes Care in the US To ensure the implementation and consideration of my plea, I sent a copy of the letter to the government officials so it could reach the president.
• Diabetes and Allergies: A Statistical Check The current dataset allowed us to test the OR for the relationship between family history of diabetes and the presence of diabetes in a particular patient: all variables were dichotomous and discrete and could take […]
• Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents According to a National Diabetes Statistics Report released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the estimated prevalence of the disease was 25 cases per 10,000 adolescents in 2017. A proper understanding of T2D […]
• Analysis of Diabetes and Its Huge Effects In the US, diabetes is costly to treat and has caused much physical, emotional and mental harm to the people and the families of those who have been affected by the disease.
• Nursing: Self-Management of Type II Diabetes Sandra Fernandes and Shobha Naidu’s journal illustrates the authors’ understanding of a significant topic in the nursing profession.”Promoting Participation in self-care management among patients with diabetes mellitus” article exposes readers to Peplau’s theory to understand […]
• The Impact of Vegan and Vegetarian Diets on Diabetes Vegetarian diets are popular for a variety of reasons; according to the National Health Interview Survey in the United States, about 2% of the population reported following a vegetarian dietary pattern for health reasons in […]
• “Diabetes Prevention in U.S. Hispanic Adults” by McCurley et al. This information allows for supposing that face-to-face interventions can be suitable to my practicum project that considers measures to improve access to care among African Americans with heart failure diseases. Finally, it is possible to […]
• Diabetes Disease of the First and Second Types It is a decrease in the biological response of cells to one or more effects of insulin at its average concentration in the blood. During the first type of diabetes, insulin Degludec is required together […]
• The Trend of the Higher Prevalence of Diabetes According to the CDC, while new cases of diabetes have steadily decreased over the decades, the prevalence of the disease among people aged below twenty has not.
• Person-Centered Strategy of Diabetes and Dementia Care The population of focus for this study will be Afro-American women aged between sixty and ninety who have diabetes of the second type and dementia or are likely to develop dementia in the future.
• Video Consultations Between Patients and Clinicians in Diabetes, Cancer, and Heart Failure Services For example, during one of my interactions with the patient, I was asked whether the hospital had the policy to avoid face-to-face interaction during the pandemic with the help of video examinations.
• Diets to Prevent Heart Disease, Cancer, and Diabetes In order to prevent heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, people are required to adhere to strict routines, including in terms of diet. Additionally, people wanting to prevent heart disease, cancer, and diabetes also need to […]
• The Centers for Diabetes’ Risks Assessment In general, the business case for the Centers for Diabetes appears to be positive since the project is closely aligned with the needs of the community and the targets set by the Affordable Care Act.
• Intervention Methods for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus An individual should maintain a regulated glycemic control using the tenets of self-management to reduce the possibility of complications related to diabetes.
• Diabetes Mellitus as Leading Cause of Disability The researchers used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, where more than 12% of older people in the US live with the condition.
• Depression in Diabetes Patients The presence of depression concomitant to diabetes mellitus prevents the adaptation of the patient and negatively affects the course of the underlying disease.
• The Relationship Between Diabetes and COVID-19 After completing the research and analyzing the articles, it is possible to suggest a best practice that may be helpful and effective in defining the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 and providing a way to […]
• Pre-diabetes and Urinary Incontinence Most recent reports indicate that a physiotherapy procedure gives a positive result in up to 80% of patients with stage I or SUI and mixed form and 50% of patients with stage II SUI.
• Type 1 Diabetes: Recommendations for Alternative Drug Treatments Then, they have to assess the existing levels of literacy and numeracy a patient has. Tailoring educational initiatives to a person’s unique ethnic and cultural background is the basis of cultural competence in patient education.
• Type 2 Diabetes: A Pharmacologic Update Diabetes presents one of the most common diagnoses in causes of ED visits among adults and one of the leading causes of death in the United States.
• Type 2 Diabetes and Its Treatment The main difference in type 2 diabetes is the insensitivity of the body’s cells to the action of the hormone insulin and their insulin resistance.
• Diabetes: Vulnerability, Resilience, and Care In nursing care, resilience is a critical concept that shows the possibility of a person to continue functioning and meeting objectives despite the existing challenges.
• Diabetes Prevention in the United States The analysis of these policies and the other strategies provides the opportunity to understand what role they might play in the improvement of human health. NDPP policy, on the other hand, emphasizes the role of […]
• Teaching Experience: Diabetes Prevention The primary objective of the seminar is to reduce the annual number of diabetes cases and familiarize the audience with the very first signs of this disease.
• Summary of Type 2 Diabetes: A Pharmacologic Update The authors first emphasize that T2D is one of the most widespread diseases in the United States and the seventh leading cause of death.
• Insulin Effects in a Diabetes Person I will use this source to support my research because the perception of diabetes patients on insulin therapy is essential for understanding the impact they cause on the person.
• Diabetes and Medical Intervention In the research conducted by Moin et al, the authors attempted to define the scope of efficiency of such a tool as an online diabetes prevention program in the prevention of diabetes among obese/overweight population […]
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and a Healthy Lifestyle Relationship The advantage of this study over the first is that the method uses a medical approach to determining the level of fasting glucose, while the dependences in the study of Ugandans were found using a […]
• Diabetes: Epidemiological Analysis I would like to pose the following question: how can epidemiology principles be applied to these statistics for further improvements of policies that aim to reduce the impact of diabetes on the U.S.population? The limited […]
• Pathogenesis and Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension The hormone is produced by the cells of the islets of Langerhans found in the pancreas. It is attributed to the variation in the lifestyle of these individuals in these two geographical zones.
• Parental Intervention on Self-Management of an Adolescent With Diabetes Diabetes development and exposure are strongly tied to lifestyle, and the increasing incidents rate emphasizes the severity of the population’s health problem.
• Addressing the Needs of Hispanic Patients With Diabetes Similarly, in the program at hand, the needs of Hispanic patients with diabetes will be considered through the prism of the key specifics of the community, as well as the cultural background of the patients.
• Diabetes: Epidemiologic Study Design For instance, the range of their parents’ involvement in the self-management practices can be a crucial factor in treatment and control.
• What to Know About Diabetes? Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune reaction that prevent realization of insulin in a body. Estimated 5-10% of people who have diabetes have type 1.
• Diabetes in Saudi Arabia It is expected that should this underlying factor be discovered, whether it is cultural, societal, or genetic in nature, this should help policymakers within Saudi Arabia create new governmental initiatives to address the problem of […]
• “Medical Nutrition Therapy: A Key to Diabetes Management and Prevention” Article Analysis In the process of MNT application, the dietitian keeps a record of the changes in the main components of food and other components of the blood such as blood sugars to determine the trend to […]
• Nutrition and Physical Activity for Children With a Diabetes When a child understands that the family supports him or her, this is a great way to bring enthusiasm in dealing with the disease.
• Global and Societal Implications of the Diabetes Epidemic The main aim of the authors of this article seems to be alerting the reader on the consequences of diabetes to the society and to the whole world.
• Diabetes and Hypertension Avoiding Recommendations Thus, the promotion of a healthy lifestyle should entail the encouragement of the population to cease smoking and monitor for cholesterol levels.
• Pregnant Women With Type I Diabetes: COVID-19 Disease Management The grounded theory was selected for the given topic, and there are benefits and drawbacks of utilizing it to study the experiences of pregnant women with type I diabetes and COVID-19.
• Current Recommendations for the Glycemic Control in Diabetes Management of blood glucose is one of the critical issues in the care of people with diabetes. Therefore, the interval of the A1C testing should also depend on the condition of the patient, the physician’s […]
• Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Causes, Presentation, Treatment, and Examination Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrinologic disease, which is characterized by increased blood glucose concentration.
• Diabetes Problem at Country Walk Community: Intervention and Evaluation This presentation develops a community health nursing intervention and evaluation tool for the diabetes problem affecting Country Walk community.
• Communication Challenges Between Nurses and Patients With Type 2 Diabetes According to Pung and Goh, one of the limitations of communication in a multicultural environment is the language barrier that manifests itself in the direct interaction of nurses with patients and in the engagement work […]
• Diabetes Type 2 from Management Viewpoint Demonstrate the effects of type 2 diabetes and provide background information on the disease; Discuss the management plans of diabetes centers and critically analyze the frameworks implemented in the hospitals; Examine the existing methodology models […]
• Nursing Plan for the Patient with Diabetes Type 2, HTN, and CAD The health of the population is the most valuable achievement of society, so the preservation and strengthening of it is an essential task in which everyone should participate without exception.
• Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes is a serious public health concern that introduces a group of metabolic disorders caused by changes in the sugar blood level.
• Diabetes Mellitus Type II: A Case of a Female Adult Patient In this presentation, we are going to develop a care plan for a 47-year-old woman with a 3-year-old history of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (also known as Type II DM).
• Diabetes Insipidus: Disease Process With Implications for Healthcare Professionals This presentation will consider the topic of Diabetes Insipidus (DI) with a focus on its etiology and progress.
• The Nature of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease that has an active genetic component, which is identified by increased blood glucose levels, also known as hyperglycemia.
• Imperial Diabetes Center Field Study The purpose is to examine the leadership’s practices used to maintain and improve the quality and safety standards of the facility and, using the observations and scholarly research, offer recommendations for improvement.
• Diabetes Risk Assessment After completing the questionnaire, I learned that my risk for the development of diabetes is above average. Modern risk assessment tools allow identifying the current state of health and possibilities of developing the disease.
• The Role of Telenursing in the Management of Diabetes Type 1 Telemedicine is the solution that could potentially increase the coverage and improve the situation for many t1DM patients in the world.
• Health Issues of Heart Failure and Pediatric Diabetes As for the population, which is intended to participate in the research, I am convinced that there is the need to specify the patients who should be examined and monitored.
• Juvenile Diabetes: Demographics, Statistics and Risk Factors Juvenile diabetes, also referred to as Type 2 diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, describes a health condition associated with the pancreas’s limited insulin production. The condition is characterized by the destruction of the cells that make […]
• Diabetes Mellitus: Pathophysiologic Processes The main function of insulin produced by cells within the pancreas in response to food intake is to lower blood sugar levels by the facilitation of glucose uptake in the cells of the liver, fat, […]
• Type 2 Diabetes Management in Gulf Countries One such study is the systematic review on the quality of type 2 diabetes management in the countries of the cooperation council for the Arab states of the Gulf, prepared by Alhyas, McKay, Balasanthiran, and […]
• Patient with Ataxia and Diabetes Mellitus Therefore, the therapist prioritizes using the cushion to the client and persuades the patient to accept the product by discussing the merits of the infinity cushion with a low profile in enabling the customer to […]
• Diabetes Evidence-Based Project: Disseminating Results In this presentation, the involvement of mentors and collaboration with administration and other stakeholders are the preferred steps, and the idea to use social networking and web pages has to be removed.
• The Problem of Diabetes Among African Americans Taking into consideration the results of the research and the information found in the articles, the problem of diabetes among African Americans has to be identified and discussed at different levels.
• Childhood Obesity, Diabetes and Heart Problems Based on the data given in the introduction it can be seen that childhood obesity is a real problem within the country and as such it is believed that through proper education children will be […]
• Hypertension and Antihypertensive Therapy and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In particular, Acebutolol impairs the functions of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are neurotransmitters that mediate the functioning of the heart and the sympathetic nervous system.
• Diabetes: Diagnosis and Treatment The disease is characterized by the pancreas almost not producing its own insulin, which leads to an increase in glucose levels in the blood.
• How to Manage Type 2 Diabetes The article is significant to the current research problem as the researchers concluded that the assessment of metabolic processes in diabetic patients was imperative for adjusting in the management of the condition.
• Type 2 Diabetes Analysis Thus, type 2 diabetes has medical costs, or the difficulties of coping up with the illness, economic ones, which are the financial costs of managing it, and the organizational ones for the healthcare systems.
• Clinical Trial of Diabetes Mellitus On the other hand, type II diabetes mellitus is caused by the failure of the liver and muscle cells to recognize the insulin produced by the pancreatic cells.
• Diabetes: Diagnosis and Related Prevention & Treatment Measures The information presented on the articles offers an insight in the diagnosis of diabetes among various groups of persons and the related preventive and treatment measures. The study identified 3666 cases of initial stages of […]
• Reinforcing Nutrition in Schools to Reduce Diabetes and Childhood Obesity For example, the 2010 report says that the rates of childhood obesity have peaked greatly compared to the previous decades: “Obesity has doubled in Maryland over the past 20 years, and nearly one-third of youth […]
• The Connection Between Diabetes and Consuming Red Meat In light of reporting the findings of this research, the Times Healthland gave a detailed report on the various aspects of this research.
• Synthesizing the Data From Relative Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Speaking of such demographic factors as race, the white population suffers from it in the majority of cases, unlike the rest of the races, the remaining 0.
• Using Exenatide as Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults Kendal et al.analyzed the effects of exenatide as an adjunct to a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea against the combination of the same drugs without the adjunct.
• Enhancing Health Literacy for People With Type 2 Diabetes Two professionals, Andrew Long, a professor in the school of heath care in the University of Leeds, and Tina Gambling, senior lecturer in the school of health care studies from the University of Cardiff, conducted […]
• The Scientific Method of Understanding if Coffee Can Impact Diabetes The hypothesis of the experiment ought to be straightforward and understandable. The control group and the experiment group for the test are then identified.
• Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Review This is because of the current patterns that show an increase in the prevalence of diabetes in offspring born to mothers with GDM.
• Health Service Management of Diabetes
• Necrotizing Fasciitis: Pathophysiology, Role of Diabetes
• The Benefits of Sharing Knowledge About Diabetes With Physicians
• Gestational Diabetes Mellitus – NSW, Australia
• Health and Wellness: Stress, Diabetes and Tobacco Related Problems
• 52-Year-Old Female Patient With Type II Diabetes
• Healthy People Project: Personal Review About Diabetes
• Nursing Diagnosis: Type 1 Diabetes & Hypertension
• Nursing Care For the Patient With Diabetes
• Nursing Care Development Plan for Diabetes and Hypertension
• Coronary Heart Disease Aggravated by Type 2 Diabetes and Age
• Diabetes as the Scourge of the 21st Century: Locating the Solution
• Psychosocial Implications of Diabetes Management
• Gestational Diabetes in a Pregnant Woman
• Diabetes Mellitus: Prominent Metabolic Disorder
• Holistic Approach to Man’s Health: Diabetes Prevention
• Holistic Image in Prevention of Diabetes
• Educational Strategies for Diabetes to Patients
• Diabetes and Obesity in the United Arab Emirates
• Epidemiological Problem: Diabetes in Illinois
• Diabetes as a Chronic Condition
• Managing Diabetes Through Genetic Engineering
• Diabetes, Functions of Insulin, and Preventive Practices
• Treating of Diabetes in Adults
• Counseling and Education Session in Type II Diabetes
• Diabetes II: Reduction in the Incidence
• Community Health Advocacy Project: Diabetes Among Hispanics
• Community Health Advocacy Project: Hispanics With Diabetes
• Hispanics Are More Susceptible to Diabetes That Non-Hispanics
• Rates Diabetes Between Hispanics Males and Females
• Diabetes Mellitus and HFSON Conceptual Framework
• Prince Georges County Community Health Concern: Diabetes
• Fats and Proteins in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes
• Alcohol Interaction With Medication: Type 2 Diabetes
• Diabetes Management and Evidence-Based Practice
• Critical Analysis of Policy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Australia
• The Treatment and Management of Diabetes
• Obesity and Diabetes: The Enemies Within
• Impact of Diabetes on the United Arab Emirates’ Economy
• Childhood Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
• Health Nursing and Managing Diabetes
• Diabetes Management: How Lifestyle, Daily Routine Affect Blood Sugar
• Diabetes Management: Diagnostics and Treatment
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: The Family Genetic History
• Diabetes Type II: Hormonal Mechanism and Intracellular Effects of Insulin
• Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Causes of Diseases: Type 2 Diabetes
• Supportive Intervention in the Control of Diabetes Mellitus
• Enhancing Foot Care Practices in Patients With Diabetes
• Community Health Promotion: The Fight Against Diabetes in a Community Setting
• Diabetes in Australia and Saudi Arabia
• Diabetes: The Advantages and Disadvantages of Point of Care Testing
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 or Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
• Qualitative Research in Diabetes Management in Elderly Patient
• Diabetes Prevention Measures in the Republic of the Marshall Islands
• Impact of Diabetes on Healthcare
• Gestational Diabetes: American Diabetes Association Publishers
• Gestational Diabetes: Child Bearing Experience
• Diabetes Mellitus Effects on Periodontal Disease
• Diabetes Type II Disease in the Community
• The Relationship of Type 2 Diabetes and Depression
• Glycemic Control in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
• The Diagnosis of Diabetes in Older Adults and Adolescents
• Physical Activity in Managing Type-2 Diabetes
• High Risk of Developing Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Children With Type 1 Diabetes in Clinical Practice
• Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Analysis
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Revealing the Diagnosis
• The Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: Lifestyle Choices
• Indigenous and Torres Strait Population and Diabetes
• Interpretation of the Diabetes Interview Transcript
• Type 1 Diabetes: Using Glucose Monitoring in Treatment
• Managing Type 2 Diabetes Patients’ Blood Sugar Prior to and After Surgical Procedures
• Dubai Diabetes… We Care: Leaflet Review
• Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes: Medical Terminology Definition
• Modern Diabetes Treatment Tools
• Diabetes: Encapsulation to Treat a Disease
• Current Dietary for the Treatment of Diabetes
• Diabetes: Discussion of the Disease
• Stranahan on Diabetes Impairs Hippocampal Function
• A Clinical-Based Study of Young Adults Who Have Diabetes
• Panax Ginseng for Diabetes Treatment
• Depression and Diabetes Association in Adults
• Is There Anu Cure For Diabetes?
• Diabetes Type 2 in Children: Causes and Effects
• Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Case
• Health, Culture, and Identity as Diabetes Treatment Factors
• Diabetes Prevention in Chinese Elderly in Hunan
• “Experiences of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Starting Insulin Therapy” by Phillips
• Type 2 Diabetes: Nursing Change Project
• Diabetes and Health Promotion Concepts
• Type 2 Diabetes Project Results Dissemination
• Type 2 Diabetes in Geriatric Patients
• Type 2 Diabetes and Geriatric Evidence-Based Care
• Cultural Empowerment. Diabetes in Afro-Americans
• Diabetes Self-Management: Relationships & Expectations
• Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
• Improving Comprehensive Care for Patients With Diabetes
• Diabetes Impact on Cardiovascular and Nervous Systems
• Side Effects of Metformin in Diabetes Treatment
• Type 2 Diabetes and Drug Treatments
• Diabetes Mellitus and Health Determinants
• Nursing Leadership in Diabetes Management
• Diabetes Education for African American Women
• Latent Autoimmune Adult Diabetes
• Obesity: Epidemiology and Health Consequences
• Diabetes in Urban Cities of United States
• Diabetes in Australia: Analysis
• Type 2 Diabetes in the Afro-American Bronx Community
• Type 2 Diabetes From Cultural and Genetic Aspects
• Type 2 Diabetes in Bronx: Evidence-Based Practice
• Type 2 Diabetes in Bronx Project for Social Change
• Cardiovascular Care in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
• Ambition Diabetes and Diet on Macbeths’ Example
• Diabetes as Community Health Issue in the Bronx
• Diabetes Management Plan: Diagnosis and Development
• Diabetes Treatment and Care
• Transition from Pediatric to Adult Diabetes Care
• Diabetes Awareness Program and Strategic Planning
• Diabetes: Disease Control and Investigation
• Diabetes Pain Questionnaire and Patient Feedback
• Perception of Diabetes in the Hispanic Population
• Clinical Studies of Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes Mellitus and Problems at Work
• Diabetes in the US: Cost Effectiveness Analysis
• Diabetes Investigation in Space Flight Research
• Diabetes Care Advice by Food and Drug Administration
• Artificial Intelligence for Diabetes: Project Experiences
• Diabetes Patients’ Long-Term Care and Life Quality
• Chronic Care Model for Diabetes Patients in the UAE
• Diabetes Among British Adults and Children
• Endocrine Disorders: Diabetes and Fibromyalgia
• Future Technologies: Diabetes Treatment and Care
• Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes
• Diabetes: Treatment Technology and Billing
• Pathophysiology of Mellitus and Insipidus Diabetes
• Stem Cell Therapy as a Potential Cure for Diabetes
• Stem Cell Therapy and Diabetes Medical Research
• Type II Diabetes Susceptibility and Socioeconomic Status
• Obesity and Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
• Strongyloides Stercoralis Infection and Type 2 Diabetes
• Socioeconomic Status and Susceptibility to Type II Diabetes
• Diabetes Mellitus: Differential Diagnosis
• Diabetes Disease in the USA Adults
• Education for African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes
• Diabetes Treatment and Funding in Fulton County
• Diabetes Care: Leadership and Strategy Plan
• Diabetes Mellitus’ New Treatment: Principles and Process
• Diet and Nutrition: European Diabetes
• Preventing the Proliferation Diabetes
• Diabetes: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
• Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases in Medicine
• Ecological Models to Deal with Diabetes in Medicine
• Different Types of Diabetes Found in Different Countries
• Analysis of Program “Prevent Diabetes Live Life Well”
• The Effect of Physical, Social, and Health Variables on Diabetes
• Micro and Macro-Cosmos in Medicine and Care Models for Prevention of Diabetes
• Why Qualitative Method Was Chosen for Diabetes Program Evaluation
• Humanistic Image of Managing Diabetes
• Diabetes mellitus Education and hemoglobin A1C level
• Obesity, Diabetes and Heart Disease
• Illuminate Diabetes Event Design
• Cause and Diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes
• Patient Voices: Type 2 Diabetes. Podcast Review
• Type I Diabetes: Pathogenesis and Treatment
• Human Body Organ Systems Disorders: Diabetes
• Age Influence on Physical Activity: Exercise and Diabetes
• Hemoglobin A1C Test for Diabetes
• Why Injury and Diabetes Have Been Identified as National Health Priority?
• What Factors Are Involved in the Increasing Prevalence of Type II Diabetes in Adolescents?
• Does the Socioeconomic Position Determine the Incidence of Diabetes?
• What Are the Four Types of Diabetes?
• How Fat and Obesity Cause Diabetes?
• How Exercise Affects Type 2 Diabetes?
• How Does the Treatment With Insulin Affect Type 2 Diabetes?
• How Diabetes Does Cause Depression?
• Does Diabetes Prevention Pay For Itself?
• How Does Snap Participation Affect Rates of Diabetes?
• Does Overeating Sugar Cause Diabetes, Cavities, Acne, Hyperactivity and Make You Fat?
• Why Diabetes Mellitus and How It Affects the United States?
• Does Alcohol Decrease the Risk of Diabetes?
• How Does a Person With Diabetes Feel?
• Does Periodontal Inflammation Affect Type 1 Diabetes in Childhood and Adolescence?
• How Can the Paleolithic Diet Control Type 2 Diabetes?
• How Does Insulin Help Diabetes Be Controlled?
• Does Economic Status Matter for the Regional Variation of Malnutrition-Related Diabetes?
• How Can Artificial Intelligence Technology Be Used to Treat Diabetes?
• What Are the Main Causes and Treatments of Diabetes?
• What Evidence Exists for Treatments Depression With Comorbid Diabetes Using Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products?
• Why Was Qualitative Method Chosen for Diabetes Program Evaluation?
• What Are the Three Types of Diabetes?
• How Does Poverty Affect Diabetes?
• What Is the Leading Cause of Diabetes?
• How Is Diabetes Diagnosed?
• What Are the Main Symptoms of Diabetes?
• How Diabetes Adversely Affects Your Body?
• What Are the Most Common Symptoms of Undiagnosed Diabetes?
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Development of a Practice-Based Assignment in Diabetes Care to Enhance Clinical Nutrition Coursework

Janet grommet.

Hunter College, City University of New York

Victoria Fischer

The objective of this work was to develop a practice-based clinical nutrition assignment to support competency-based academic nutrition programs that integrate didactic and experiential program components. The target audience was graduate nutrition students enrolled in a clinical nutrition course sequence.

As an alternative to a traditional “paper and pencil” case study assignment, students were assigned to conduct an in-person, out-of-class interview with a friend or family member diagnosed with diabetes, type 1 or type 2. In written assignment directions, students were provided with questions for a structured interview which followed the nutrition care process, i.e., nutrition assessment, diagnosis, intervention, monitoring/evaluation, thus reinforcing clinical reasoning but affording open responses from interviewees.

The assignment provided a “safe space” for students to develop clinical skills and generated n  = 27 cases, i.e., one case per enrolled student, in contrast to a typical case study assignment in which students prepare the same case assignment. In addition, students shared details of their interviews in small groups in class which generated rich classroom discussions

as myriad treatment modalities as well as barriers to accessing health care and challenges to making lifestyle changes surfaced in the discussions. Confidentiality was provided throughout by protecting names of interviewees. Students’ written papers reporting interview findings were evaluated using a 15-point (pt) rubric including introduction (1 pt); medical hx (2 pts); intervention (6 pts); monitoring/evaluation (2 pts); and conclusions (2 pts) plus quality of writing (2 pts).

Conclusions

This practice-based assignment in diabetes care provided a unique approach to enhancing clinical nutrition coursework and facilitated an interactive learning environment to support students’ professional growth.

Funding Sources