thesis statement about indian culture

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History Essay Sample: Indian History and Culture

16 February, 2020

12 minutes read

Author:  Richard Pircher

This Essay Sample was written by Handmade Writing Team.

Culture is basically defined as the totality of arts and other various manifestations of human intellectual achievements regarded in a collective manner. Culture is an idea, a value, a belief any particular civilization holds closely to its roots or foundation at any given period in time. It is generalized as a “State of Mind”.

It is the way we interact with one another, the way we behave and react to our environment and certain other things. Culture interprets the manner in which a society perceives abstract entities and by which such a society is perceived. It is established as the diverse manifestations resulting from the basic principles, behaviors and ethics of a specific group of individuals.

To limit the definition of the word “Culture” to the above stated few lines would be doing great injustice to a concept that is a system which encompasses the totality of everything we have come to know today. It is a systematic emancipation, which continuously and consistently absorbs and passes back to society, all that is initiated by different religions, beliefs and races, who are in extremely close proximity with one another, giving the cultural concept a new dimension and meaning as time proceeds.

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Culture is an integration of diverse entities, music, family, social norms, fashion, food and attitude. It is an existing, vibrant and ever-changing activity which completely takes over and absorbs our way of life in any certain period of time. This is what generates the whole visual perception, or picture of the social and psychological fabric of society.

The Indian culture, a majority of historians would confirm is one of the richest, most dynamic and intriguing cultural heritages ever to be known by man. India is blessed with such a rich cultural tradition. There is such a delightful and balanced blend of philosophy, art and religion within the context of Indian culture and history. Each entity is so aesthetically interwoven in the values and fabric of the Indian way of life, customs, thought and values that they are inseparable.

The Indian culture is fundamentally a result of a never-ending synthesis that has taken in a variety of numerous superficial influences in the advancement of its journey through time and history (Aurobindo, 20). The first evidence of civilization took place among the Indian people some four thousand years prior to the birth of Christ.

Unarguably, one of, if not the oldest of traditions, the Indians have been exposed to a series of never-ending, uninterrupted and unbroken sequences of civilizations. Yet, the flexibility and dynamism of the Indian cultural heritage has enabled its people survive these alien invasions and still significantly hold on to the traditions and originality even after it had inculcated the most beneficial of these outside influences.

The Indians by nature possess a submissive mental attitude towards culture or tradition, born out of a philosophical doctrine that all events are predetermined in advance for all time and human beings are powerless to its inevitability. Thus, the Indian mind has assimilated, to a rather large extent, the context of the diverse cultures, hence the wealthy heritage and uniqueness. Today, it is that buoyant uniqueness that attracts the western world to the Indian culture. Disenchanted from their worldly and bourgeois way of life, westerners turn to India to find peace and solace.

The Indian culture and history can certainly boast of the stimulating and mind-opening wisdom found in the ancient epics such as the likes of Ramayana and Mahabharata that serve as beacons of enlightenment and awareness to the seekers of truth and spiritual bliss. Lord Krishna speaks, in the Bhargava Gita of how each and every individual can come to abide in the subtle philosophical principles embedded in the scriptures in ones day to day activities. Lord Buddha equally teaches the principles of followership of the “Middle Path” by exercising and exerting authority over passions. It should be clearly admitted that Indian sages or mentors in spiritual and philosophical issues renowned for their profound wisdom hard started analyzing and deducing hypothesis on life’s issues for more than decades of centuries, the west only recently began pondering on such issues.

Influenced and induced by the philosophical trends of history, as well as religious and moral beliefs, Indian art from the caves of Ajanta, Khajuraho, Ellora and the temples of the south are living witnesses and testimonies to the satisfying aesthetic standards and sensibility of perfection achieved by Indian sculptors, architects and artists in the ancient times. Westerners have claim of intense spiritual enlightenment and awakening on visitations to such temples.

In music as well as dance, are two other significant entities that characterize the rich and dynamic culture of the Indians. The Indian cultural music is strikingly extraordinary due to its continuity in development and growth. Prior to the Christian historic period, Indian music had propagated not only definite rules of practical theory, but an even depth of insight and understanding of appreciative measure. Having been built on the foundations and concept of ragas and fast, Indian music and dance are established as appropriate in depicting diverse emotions and moods.

Hindustani and Karnataka, two significant schools of classical music, whose rules are derived from the Sangeet Ratnakar by Sarangdeva and Natya Shastra of Bharata are well established in Indian history. These forms of classical music have had a great impact as well as having influenced to a large account, western music. Zakir Hussain, Pandit Ravi Shankar and a host of other notable Maestros have made tremendous contributions to the growth and development of Indian classical music to the western world.

The backdrop and foundations of Indian dance, comes with a diverse and wealthy essence. Historians lay claim to the notion that Indian dance is as diverse as the culture and the land itself. Undoubtedly, it still holds onto the implicit bond that binds the Indian people together. From a range of classical, to folk, the dances of India are an articulate and eloquent blend of expressions of an ancient civilization, whose erudition continuously evokes the desired search of humans for a conscious identity and self-discovery within one’s self and with his creator.

The beauty of Indian dance is in its ability to convey the people’s sense of rhythm and abandon as well as their jocularity. Often said, the origins of these dances can be linked to Hindu temples, where they were first birthed and nurtured until they attained maturity and their full stature, hence the impulse of such dances to have or exhibit some religious context to it. Four systems of classical dance are accounted for in Indian culture, though other prominent ones exist. But as in all performing arts within the context of the Indian history and traditions, the concept of “rasa” advocates a central position. This essence of the rasa is conveyed via the “Bhava” or the “expression”, through the emulation of Abhinaya.

Hinduism is said to be the earliest form of religion in Indian history and dates back to several millenniums. Hinduism’s earliest records can be found in the Indus valley civilization. Owing its core values to Vedas and the Hindu culture, it lays its focus and reference from the Holy Scriptures in the sacred language of the Sanskrit. Laying its projection on the belief in god in a variety of forms and on the emphasis on rituals, which are said to be practical in the unity of spiritual togetherness and kinship, other essentially notable features are the belief in the Guru Shishya tradition of learning and a divided structured caste system.

Apart from the Hindu Religion, Indian culture and history boast of the Jains, who claim, and have presented scholarly reports and documentation to prove that their religion is the most ancient of religions.

Another very critical and historically famous religion notable in the Indian history is Buddhism. Based on the teachings and practises of Gautama Buddha. Many say Buddhism, rather than a religion is more of a system of morality and ethics.

Through forceful coercion and conversions, Islam was introduced into India by invaders, who set up religion and rule in the country. Today it is one of the largest religions amongst the Indian community. The Greeks and Indian civilizations came into close proximity and thus the influences of such civilizations rubbed off on each culture, this was as a result of Alexander’s prominent invasion on India, which opened up a land route from Europe to the India. The impact of civilization was further felt, as the French, Portuguese and to a larger extent the Brits, whose influences of Christianity played a minimal but enduring role on Indian civilization and cultural heritage as well as its religious beliefs.

In recent times, Indians have demonstrated a deep interest in further encouraging and promoting its cultural and unique historical values and heritage. This revivification of India’s national identity has been greeted with a boost of larger awareness in the sectors of Indian classical music and dance and the realm of indigenous folk arts the world over

Educational institutions are beginning to ensure that future generations are inculcated and imbibed with the values of the buoyant cultural and historical heritage of its people for the world to see. Cultural Festivals of India had a huge success in the west in recent times, so has the government’s effort in promoting Indian heritage and cultural values domestically been met with a huge and enthusiastic response.

The Indian culture is one of philosophical dynamism. Throughout history and time, no other civilization nor cultural heritage has been known to produce deduced hypothetical philosophy that has transcended into the future from the past. Be it in the sciences, medicine, astronomy as well as astrology, the Indian culture has bordered it all. Ancient and modern India has produced some of the world’s greatest minds and thinkers, this phenomenon can be easily associated with the vast knowledge that lies within the underlying layers of the Indian heritage. As William Durant, the great American historian put it, “India is the motherland of our race.”

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Works Cited

• Aurobindo, Sri. The Renaissance in India: On Indian Culture and Other Essays.  Arya: Aug 1918. Print.
• Amartya, Sen. The Argumentative Indian: Writings on Indian History, Culture and Identity. Picador 1st Edition: 2006. Print.
• “Arts and Culture.” National Portal of India. n.d. Web 10 June 2013. Retrieved from http://india.gov.in/india-glance/culture-heritage
• Elwin, V. The Religion of an Indian Tribe . Bombay: Oxford University Press. 1943. Print.
• Muller, Max. F. Sacred Books of the East: The Zend Avesta, Vol 1: The Vendidad. 1910. Web. 10 June 2013. Retrieved from http://www.holybooks.com/the-sacred-books-of-the-east-all-50-volumes/

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Writing Prompts about Indian Culture

• 🗃️ Essay topics
• ❓ Research questions
• 📝 Topic sentences
• 🪝 Essay hooks
• 📑 Thesis statements
• 🔀 Hypothesis examples
• 🧐 Personal statements

🔗 References

🗃️ essay topics on indian culture.

• The influence of Indian culture on modern society.
• Perspectives and evolution of gender roles in Indian culture.
• Socio-economic development and its impact on Indian culture.
• The influence of Indian culture on Bollywood films.
• The significance of festivals in Indian culture.
• Ancient Indian and Greek sculptures comparison.
• The role of yoga and meditation in Indian culture.
• Exploring Indian culture in foreign lands.
• The role of religion in shaping Indian culture.
• Impact of Indian culture on traditional wedding attire.
• The role of Indian culture in preserving environmental sustainability.
• The impact of Bollywood cinema on Indian culture.
• The significance of yoga and meditation in Indian culture.
• Folklore and oral traditions in the tales that shape Indian culture.
• The evolution of Indian culture from ancient civilization to modern society.
• The role of festivals in Indian culture as celebrating diversity and unity.
• Exploring the global impact of Indian culture and identity.
• Walmart: performance in India and the Czech Republic.
• Resilience, resistance, and revival of colonialism on Indian culture.
• The impact of globalization on Indian culture in balancing tradition and modernity.
• Exploring regional variations and traditions of Indian culture.
• The portrayal of Indian culture in Bollywood movies.

❓ Essay Questions about Indian Culture

• What are the key elements of Indian culture and how have they evolved over time?
• How does Indian culture influence social interactions and relationships within the community?
• What role does religion play in shaping and maintaining Indian culture?
• How has globalization impacted traditional practices and values in Indian culture?
• How do the traditional art forms of Indian culture reflect the cultural heritage of the country?
• How do gender roles and expectations vary across different regions and communities in Indian culture?
• What are the traditional healing practices and medicinal systems in Indian cultures, such as Ayurveda?
• How does Indian cinema, particularly Bollywood, influence and reflect Indian culture and society?
• How has Indian culture influenced the development of Bollywood films?
• How do festivals in Indian culture reflect the values and beliefs of the society?
• How does yoga and meditation practice contribute to Indian culture and well-being?
• How has the Indian diaspora contributed to the preservation and promotion of Indian culture abroad?
• How has globalization influenced the preservation and evolution of Indian culture?
• What are the key factors contributing to the regional diversity of Indian culture?
• What is the significance of pilgrimage sites in Indian culture?

📝 Indian Culture Topic Sentences

• Indian culture is a tapestry of diverse traditions and customs, reflecting the rich heritage of a country known for its vibrant festivals, intricate art forms, and ancient spiritual practices.
• Indian classical music, with its intricate melodies and rhythmic patterns, represents the essence of Indian culture, serving as a medium of artistic expression and a reflection of the country’s deep-rooted traditions.
• Indian culture is deeply rooted in spirituality, with ancient philosophies and religious beliefs shaping every aspect of life, from rituals and ceremonies to social interactions.

🪝 Hooks for Indian Culture Paper

📍 anecdotal hooks for essay about indian culture.

• Prepare yourself for a spicy masala of humor, colorful traditions, and a never-ending supply of chai! Exploring Indian culture is like diving into a Bollywood dance number—full of vibrant chaos, unexpected plot twists, and an irresistible urge to break into song and dance at any given moment.
• Hold on to your turbans and get ready to experience the quirkiest, most chaotic, and utterly delightful culture on the planet! Indian culture is like a Bollywood movie coming to life, complete with flamboyant costumes, epic dance sequences, and a plotline that can leave you both bewildered and thoroughly entertained.

📍 Definition Hooks for Essay on Indian Culture

• Indian culture encompasses the collective expression of traditions, beliefs, customs, art forms, and social norms that have evolved over thousands of years on the diverse subcontinent of India, reflecting its rich heritage and multicultural society.
• Indian culture refers to the unique amalgamation of diverse regional customs, languages, rituals, and artistic expressions that have been nurtured and passed down through generations, showcasing the depth and vibrancy of a civilization shaped by millennia of history and cultural exchange.

📍 Statistical Hooks on Indian Culture for Essay

• According to the Ministry of Tourism, foreign tourist arrivals in India witnessed a significant growth of 9.2% in 2019, reaching a record-breaking 10.89 million visitors, a testament to the allure and appeal of Indian culture as a tourist destination.
• According to a recent survey, the Indian film industry, popularly known as Bollywood, produces over 1,000 films annually, showcasing the immense influence of Indian culture on global cinema and entertainment.

📍 Question Hooks on Indian Culture

• How has the ancient Indian caste system influenced the social structure and cultural practices in modern-day India? Is it still prevalent and influential in shaping Indian society today?
• What role does traditional Indian art, such as painting, sculpture, and architecture, play in preserving and reflecting the rich cultural heritage of India? How has it evolved over time and impacted Indian society and identity?

📑 Top Indian Culture Thesis Statements

✔️ argumentative thesis on indian culture.

• The preservation and promotion of Indian cultural practices, including languages, festivals, and traditional arts, are essential for maintaining the cultural diversity and identity of the nation. Efforts should be made to protect and celebrate Indian culture to ensure its legacy for future generations.
• The influence of Indian culture is far-reaching, encompassing aspects such as religion, music, dance, cuisine, and attire. It is crucial to appreciate and respect this rich cultural heritage, as it contributes to global diversity and fosters intercultural understanding and harmony.

✔️ Analytical Thesis Examples about Indian Culture

• An analytical exploration of Indian culture reveals its intricate tapestry of traditions, rituals, and values that have shaped its society for centuries. By examining its customs, art forms, and social structures, we can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities and nuances within Indian culture and its impact on individuals and communities.
• An analytical examination of Indian culture unveils its rich heritage, diverse religious practices, and regional variations that contribute to its vibrant tapestry. By exploring its languages, cuisine, and artistic expressions, we can analyze the cultural influences and evolving dynamics that shape the identity and resilience of Indian society.

✔️ Informative Thesis Samples about Indian Culture

• Indian culture is a rich tapestry of traditions, customs, languages, art forms, and religious practices. It encompasses a diverse range of regional variations, historical influences, and cultural expressions, making it a fascinating subject of study and a testament to India’s vibrant heritage.
• Indian culture, spanning thousands of years, is a mosaic of diverse traditions, beliefs, and practices. From its ancient scriptures to its vibrant festivals, Indian culture reflects the synthesis of historical, religious, and social influences, serving as a testament to the country’s cultural richness and unity in diversity.

🔀 Indian Culture Hypothesis Examples

• Indian culture significantly influences the religious practices and beliefs of its people.
• Indian culture plays a crucial role in shaping the diverse regional cuisines found throughout the country.

🔂 Null & Alternative Hypothesis about Indian Culture

• Null hypothesis: There is no significant relationship between Indian culture and the preservation of traditional art forms.
• Alternative hypothesis: Indian culture positively influences the preservation and promotion of traditional art forms through its emphasis on cultural heritage and artistic expressions.

🧐 Examples of Personal Statement on Indian Culture

• I have always been fascinated by the rich and diverse heritage of Indian culture. The vibrant festivals, traditional dances, and ancient art forms have captivated my imagination. Through my personal exploration of Indian culture, I have developed a deep appreciation for its values, traditions, and contributions to the world. Studying Indian culture will not only enrich my knowledge but also allow me to bridge cultural gaps, promote diversity, and foster a greater understanding and respect for different perspectives.
• From a young age, I have been immersed in the captivating tapestry of Indian culture, and it has left an indelible mark on my identity. The vibrant festivals, intricate artwork, and timeless traditions have sparked a deep curiosity within me. Exploring Indian culture further will not only allow me to connect with my own roots but also open doors to a broader understanding of diversity, tolerance, and the power of cultural exchange. Through studying Indian culture, I aspire to become an ambassador of cultural appreciation, fostering mutual respect and celebrating the richness of our global heritage.
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Imagining Indianness pp 1–12 Cite as

Introduction: On “Indianness” and Indian Cultural Identity in South Asian Literature

• Diana Dimitrova 5  
• First Online: 09 February 2017

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Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Literary Anthropology ((PSLA))

The notion of “Indianness” as a perceived collective cultural identity is difficult to define. It is important to bear in mind that “Indianness” is not a “scientific” or existing, real category. It is rather a perceived, fluid and ideologically colored discourse that constantly changes over time and is being conditioned by the ideological orientations and positions of the specific period discussed. Benedict Anderson speaks of “imagined communities” and how this concept is essential to understanding nationalism (Anderson 1983). Another influential scholar, Stuart Hall, has pointed out the importance of cultural identity of modern individuals as unfixed, multi-layered and ever changing (Hall 2000, 595–634). I have also discussed the importance of both nationalism and identity with regard to the study of otherism and otherness (Dimitrova 2014, 1–16).

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Dimitrova, D. (2017). Introduction: On “Indianness” and Indian Cultural Identity in South Asian Literature. In: Dimitrova, D., de Bruijn, T. (eds) Imagining Indianness. Palgrave Studies in Literary Anthropology. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41015-9_1

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140 Appealing Native American Research Topics College Students Write About

The modern generation is used to taking America as an independent and powerful state. Most contemporary young people have a poor experience in US history and to expand their knowledge in this field, college students are assigned to write native American research papers. Picking up the right topic could be challenging as beginners usually concentrate on cultural or racial issues.

To make the choosing process easier for you, we did our best to generate relevant and interesting native American topics to write about. But before that, we recommend you to learn basic information about the research paper writing process.

How to Pick Up a Native American Research Paper Topic

• Identify the issue of interest. Brainstorm ideas and make a literature review to find out what topic you would like to take up. Then, discuss with your classmates or supervisors to make sure that this topic will grab the audience's attention.
• Frame a topic. You need to know what (e.g. traditions of healing), among whom (e.g. in tribes) and where (e.g. on modern reservations) to study. Thus, you will get a native American research topic idea, “Traditions of healing in tribes on modern reservations.”
• Make sure that your outcomes will be measurable. Think of the fact if your research is feasible and it fills the gap in the existing knowledge.

How to Compose a Native American Research Paper Topic

• Introduction. It contains the overall study background and the research conducted previously. Besides, an introductory paper states the current paper importance.
• Literature review. It’s an overview of relevant theories of other scholars and research materials that are close to your study.
• Methods. The explanation which research methodology you used and how you picked it up.
• Outcomes. The presentation of findings and results of the study.
• Conclusion. The researcher informs how his study will help in the current field and recommend what studies might be conducted in the future.
• References. This page is proof of your literature sources that saves you during the plagiarism test.

College Research Paper Topics: 140 Exciting Ideas for Native American Projects

Native american research topics on history pre-1800s.

• The First Successful English Colony in North America: Founding of Jamestown
• The Advent of Human in America
• The Mayflower Voyage
• What is the “Great Awakening”?
• Impact of Thomas Jefferson on American History
• The Great War for Empire
• Colonies During the Bourgeois Revolution and the Stuarts Restoration in England
• George Washington: The First President of the USA
• Adoption of the Declaration of Independence
• Wars Against Indians
• Benjamin Franklin as the Founding Father of the USA
• American Revolutionary War
• The First Continental Congress
• Boston Tea Party
• “Common Sense” by Thomas Paine
• Anne Hutchinson in American History
• The United States Flag Approval
• Beginning of the White House Construction
• The Battle of Bunker Hill

Students consider America and Britain as allies, but they might not know what relationships these countries have in the pre-1800s period. Investigation of some topics in this category will give you enough food for thought to create good research.

Native American Project Ideas Historical Period of the 1800s

• The Louisiana Purchase
• The First President Changing
• Daniel Webster as the Main Ideologist of the American Nation Unity
• War of 1812 and Its First Consequences
• Indian Removal Act
• Reasons for the Mexican American War
• Early Women’s Rights Convention
• Escaped Slave: Frederick Douglass
• Aim of the Missouri Compromise
• 20-Year Civil War
• Politics of John Quincy Adams
• The Emancipation Proclamation
• Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination
• The Alaska Purchase
• Political Crisis in 1876
• Apaches and Their Leader Geronimo
• Consequences of Wounded Knee Massacre
• Foundation of Kingdom of Hawaii
• Five Significant Battles in the 1800s
• Background for Texas War of Independence

This historical period characterizes by building an American nation. As is well known, building a nation is a long-lasting process requiring determination and perseverance. These topics could be used to create a good scientific paper or as native American essay topics.

Life of Indians in the XXI Century

• Indians Reservation in the USA in XXI Age
• Navajo Nation
• Indian Settlement Facilities
• Life in the Reservation of Chickasaw Nation
• The Religion of American Indians
• National Museum of an American Indian
• American Laws for Indians
• How Are American Indians Educated?
• Portrait of the Present-Day Indian
• Powwow Holiday
• Leisure Time of Modern Indians
• National Indian Clothing
• Famous Athletes Among Indians
• Philosophy of Up-to-Date Indians
• Indian Policy in the XXI Century
• Conflicts Between Indian Tribes and the US Government
• Health Care on Reservations
• Current Development of the Indian Language
• History of Urban Indians
• Why Are Indians Haunted?
• The Attitude of Native Americans to Political Issues

America is always associated with a fast-growing powerful country, and it’s hard to imagine that there are still Indian tribes living almost in the primordial conditions. Writing a paper on one of these topics is a good reason to get familiar with their culture.

Native American Arts and Culture

• The Popularity of Indian Handmade
• Fine Art Movement Among Indians
• History of Indian Craft
• Outstanding Indian Artists
• Creation of Totem Poles
• Pottery-Making Process on Reservation
• Development of Native American Painting
• Wearable Pieces of Art Made by Native Americans
• Role of Collective Art in Indian Culture
• Where Do Indians Take Their Design From?
• Visual Art Styles
• Difference Between Regional Art Styles
• Importance of Totems for Native American Culture
• Ancient vs Modern Ways to Create Jewelry
• Spiritism in Native Americans
• West Indies as a Regional Style
• Meaning of Traditional Colors in Indian Art
• History of Jewelry
• Do Native Americans Follow Intra-Tribal Fashion?

The cultural life of other nations always attracts our interest. Researching topics on native American culture and art demonstrates how they have been developed throughout centuries and how Indians managed to preserve their values.

Religion and the Natural Environment Native American Paper Topics

• Sacred Plants and Animals in Indians
• Meaning of Scriptures for Native Americans
• Native American Mythology
• Indian Religious Leaders
• Peculiarities of Maya Religion
• Totemism in Native Americans
• Types of Spirits in Indians
• Indian Shamanism
• Farming in Indian Tribes
• Traditions Hunting and Fishing in Native Americans
• The Flow of Building Indians Shelters
• Native American’s Attitude to Nature
• Protection of Natural Resources in Tribes
• Philosophy of Nature
• Ecological Changes Through Indian Eyes
• Religious Ideology of Native Americans
• The Tradition of Making Prayers to Animals
• Influence of Indian Organic Farmer on Nature

The particularly pressing issues for contemporary society are religion and environment. They could become more interesting when they concern little-known native American communities. Reading interpretations of ancient Indian manuscripts can lead you to thought-proving Native American topics.

Controversial Issues in Native American Society

• Unemployment of Native American Representatives
• Inappropriate Medical Care
• Extinction of Indians’ Native Language
• Voting Right for Native Americans
• Poor Education in Native American Community
• Ways to Avoid Violence Against Women
• Perception of Indian Race by Contemporary Society
• Demographic Issues in Tribes
• Preservation of Indian Culture
• Should the Government Maintain Native Americans?
• Endless Fighting for Recognition
• Providing Equal Rights for Native Americans
• Gender Roles Inside the Tribe
• The Problem of Raising Children
• Urbanism of Native Americans
• Committing Offences by Indian Society
• European Enslavement of Indians
• Relationships Between Native Americans and Afro-Americans
• Usage of Terms Indians and Red Skins
• The Goal of Indian Rolls
• Genocide of Native American Tribes

There are still a bunch of conflicting issues in present-day American society. What are their reasons? Only delving into their essence, you can understand Indians’ world perception and explanation of their theory of what's happening.

Basic Ideas About Native American Culture and Community

• The Bias of Native Americans
• Racial Discrimination
• Indian Amulets in Sports
• Leisure Time of Native Americans
• The First Female Indian Doctor in the USA
• Indian Music
• Role of Native Americans in the Present-Day Culture
• Committing Suicides Among Native American Population
• Typical Food of Native American Tribes
• Indians in the Contemporary US Literature
• Two-Spirit People Among Indians
• Are Nicknames Still Relevant Among Native Americans?
• Carlisle Indians Football Team
• Indian Tribes During the Pandemic
• Movies About Native Americans
• Native Americans on Modern Job Positions
• Privileges for Native Americans
• Musical Instruments of Native American Tribes
• Compare of Native American and Regular Schools
• Self-Determination
• Modern Distinctions Between Indian Tribes
• Consequences of Possible Decolonization

If you still can’t narrow your native American research paper, it’s worth paying your attention to extra ideas covering general issues among Native American people. The topics are flexible, so you can come up with your own idea that meets your assignment requirements.

How to Write a Native American Research Paper

• Choose a topic.
• Collect background information.
• Make a clear research paper plan.
• Make a precise research thesis statement. Explain your research paper interpretation that answers all the questions about the topic.
• Write the important points of your paper carefully.
• Arrange information according to the plane. Analyze, sort and digest information. Put down quotes you will use, present works of other scholars and add your reflections.
• Prepare your first draft. State your thoughts sticking to the plan points.
• Read your draft to avoid different content errors. Check all data, facts, figures, and tables. Reorganize your outline if necessary.
• Do typewriting for your final version. Make certain that it meets expectations for evaluation. Proofread your paper to be sure it’s neat.
• Submit your native American research paper.

Did this process seem too difficult and time-wasting? We can say even more! If it’s your first writing experience, your research paper might fail to meet all the requirements, and the result will disappoint you. That doesn’t like bright prospects, right?

You will definitely save time, nerves and get in a great mood if you know that professional PaperCoach dissertation writers are in charge of writing your native American argumentative essay topic. You can order a paper from our experts just in a few clicks: place an order, pick up a suitable payment method, chill out, and get your paper within a specified time. Hard to believe? Why not try to clear up doubts ordering a native American research project?

References:

• Native American Research Paper
• Native American Religions (Example)
• Developing a Research Paper Question
• Native American Paper Sources
• Native Americans in Society
• Collecting Information for Your Research Paper
• Essay Sample About Native Americans

Indian Culture Essay

In this Indian Culture Essay , we had described cultural diversity in India with the importance of Indian culture & lot more.

The culture of India indicates the thoughts, beliefs, customs and social behaviour of the people in the society; it suggests the way people live in the community.

In this article  Essay on Indian Culture , we had provided the essays in different word limits, which you can use as per your need:

Essay on Indian Culture 100 words:

India is a world-famous country for its culture and tradition, it is a land of different culture and tradition & it is the country of the oldest civilizations in the world.

The essential components of Indian culture are good manners, politeness, decent communication, values, beliefs, values etc.

Even after everyone’s lifestyle is modern, the Indian people have not changed their traditions and values.

The wealth of solidarity between people of different cultures and traditions has made India a unique country.

People here live peacefully in India, following their culture and traditions.

Essay on Indian Culture 150 words:

The culture of India is the oldest in the world around 5,000 years, it is considered the world’s first and highest culture.

There is a common saying about India that “ unity in diversity ” means India is a diverse country where people of many religions live in peace with their different cultures.

People of different religions differ in their language, food traditions, rituals, etc., although life in unity.

The national language of India is Hindi, although it has around 22 official languages in India in its various states and territories and 400 other languages are spoken daily.

According to history, India has been recognized as the birthplace of religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism.

The vast population of India belongs to Hinduism, other forms of Hinduism are Shaivism, Shaktism, Vaishnavism, etc.

Indian Culture Essay 200 words:

Indian culture has gained immense popularity worldwide and considered to be the oldest and very interesting culture in the world.

People living here belong to different religions, traditions, food items, clothing etc.

People of different cultures and traditions living here are socially interdependent as to why strong bonds in the diversity of religions exist.

People are born into different families, castes, subcaste and religious communities live in peace and restraint in a group.

The social bonds of the people here are long-lasting; everyone has a good feeling about their hierarchy and a sense of respect, respect and rights towards each other.

People in India are highly devoted to their culture and know good manners to maintain social relations.

Different religions peoples have their own cultures and tradition in India, they have their festivals and fairs, and they celebrate according to their rituals.

People follow a variety of food culture such as beaten rice, bread ole, banana chips, poha, potato papad, puffed rice, upma, dosa, idli, sugar, etc.

People of other religions have some different food like seviyan, biryani, such as tandoori, fenugreek, etc.

Essay on Indian Culture 250 words:

India is a rich country of cultures where people live in their own learning, and we respect our Indian culture very much.

Culture is everything, with other ideas, customs, way of dealing, art, handicrafts, religion, food habits, fairs, festivals, music and dance are part of the culture.

India is a vast country with a high population where people of different cultures live with a unique culture.

Some of the major religions of the country are Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism and Zoroastrianism.

India is a country where different languages are spoken in different parts of the country.

People here generally use varieties in costumes, social beliefs, and customs and food habits.

They observe and follow different customs and traditions according to their respective religions.

We celebrate our festivals according to their own rituals, keep fast, bathe in the holy waters of the Ganges, worship and pray to God, sing ritual songs, dance, have a delicious dinner, wears colourful clothes and does a lot of activities.

We also celebrate some national festivals by mixing various social events like Republic Day, Independence Day, and Gandhi Jayanti.

In different parts of the country, people of different religions celebrate their festivals with great enthusiasm and eagerness.

Some events like Gautam Buddha (Buddha Purnima), Lord Mahavir birthday (Mahavir Jayanti), Guru Nanak Jayanti (Guruparva), etc. are jointly celebrated by people of many religions.

India is a country famous for its various cultural dances such as classical (Bharat Natyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Kuchipudi) and folklore by region.

The Punjabis enjoyed Bhangra, the Gugrati enjoyed the Garba, the Rajasthanis enjoyed the Ghoomar, and the Assamese enjoyed the Bihu, while the Maharashtrian enjoyed the Lavani.

Indian Culture Essay 300 words:

India is a country of rich culture and heritage where people have humanity, tolerance, unity, secularism, strong social bonds and other good qualities.

Indians are always famous for their gentle and gentle behaviour & they are always praised for their caring and calm nature without changing their principles and ideals.

India is a country of great legends where great people were born and still inspiring personalities, inspire us.

India is a land where Mahatma Gandhi was born and gave a high culture of non-violence.

He told us that every people on this earth are hungry for love, respect, care and respect; if you give them all, then surely they will follow you.

Gandhiji always believed in non-violence and fact he succeeded one day in getting India independence from British rule.

He asked the Indians to show their power of unity and mildness and then see the change.

India is not a country of separate men and women, castes and religions, but it is a country of unity where people of all ranks and creeds live together.

People in India are modern and follow all the changes according to the modern era, but they are still in touch with their traditional and cultural values.

India is a spiritual country where people believe in spirituality.

People here believe in yoga, meditation and other spiritual activities.

Conclusion:

The social system of India is great where people still leave in a large joint family with grandparents, uncles, aunts, uncles, tau, cousins, sisters, etc.. Hence, people here are born about their culture and tradition. Learn in

Essay on Indian Culture 400 words:

Culture in India is everything like inherited thoughts, people’s way of living, beliefs, values, values, habits, care, gentleness, knowledge, etc.

India is the oldest civilization in the world where people still follow their ancient culture of humanity.

Culture is the way we treat others, how soft we respond to things, our understanding of values, morals, principles and beliefs.

People of older generations pass on their cultures and beliefs to their next generations.

Therefore, every child here treats others well, as he already knew about the culture of parents and grandparents.

Here we can see culture in all things like dance, fashion, artistry, music, behaviour, social norms, food, architecture, dressing sense etc.

India is a vast melting pot with different beliefs and practices that gave birth to different cultures here.

The origins of various religions here are ancient by about five thousand years, and it is believed that Hinduism originated from the Vedas.

All the Hindu scriptures are written in the sacred Sanskrit language; it is also believed that Jainism has ancient origins and existed in the Indus Valley.

Buddhism is another religion that originated in the country following the teachings of Lord Gautama Buddha.

Christianity was later brought here by French and British people who ruled for a long time for almost two centuries.

In this way, various religions originated in ancient times or were somehow brought into this country.

However, people of every religion live here in peace without affecting their rituals and beliefs.

The diversity of the ages has come and gone, but no one was so powerful as to change the influence of our real culture.

The culture of the younger generation is still connected to the older generations through the umbilical cord.

Our ethnic culture always teaches us how to behave well, respect elders, care for helpless people and still help needy and poor people.

It is our religious culture to keep fast, worship, offer Ganga water, greet the sun, touch the feet of the elders in the family, do yoga and meditation daily, give food and water to the hungry and disabled.

Also, read 1.   Essay on India 2. National Integration 3. Value education 4. Social Media Essay

Our nation has a high culture that we should always welcome our guests like a god, with great pleasure, which is why India is famous for a common saying like “Atithi Devo Bhava”.

The roots of our high culture are humanity and spiritual practice.

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• Knowledge Base
• How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

Published on January 11, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on August 15, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . It usually comes near the end of your introduction .

Your thesis will look a bit different depending on the type of essay you’re writing. But the thesis statement should always clearly state the main idea you want to get across. Everything else in your essay should relate back to this idea.

You can write your thesis statement by following four simple steps:

• Start with a question
• Write your initial answer
• Develop your answer
• Refine your thesis statement

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Table of contents

What is a thesis statement, placement of the thesis statement, step 1: start with a question, step 2: write your initial answer, step 3: develop your answer, step 4: refine your thesis statement, types of thesis statements, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis statements.

A thesis statement summarizes the central points of your essay. It is a signpost telling the reader what the essay will argue and why.

The best thesis statements are:

• Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don’t use more words than necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two sentences.
• Contentious: Your thesis shouldn’t be a simple statement of fact that everyone already knows. A good thesis statement is a claim that requires further evidence or analysis to back it up.
• Coherent: Everything mentioned in your thesis statement must be supported and explained in the rest of your paper.

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The thesis statement generally appears at the end of your essay introduction or research paper introduction .

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning environment for both students and teachers.

You should come up with an initial thesis, sometimes called a working thesis , early in the writing process . As soon as you’ve decided on your essay topic , you need to work out what you want to say about it—a clear thesis will give your essay direction and structure.

You might already have a question in your assignment, but if not, try to come up with your own. What would you like to find out or decide about your topic?

For example, you might ask:

After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process .

Now you need to consider why this is your answer and how you will convince your reader to agree with you. As you read more about your topic and begin writing, your answer should get more detailed.

In your essay about the internet and education, the thesis states your position and sketches out the key arguments you’ll use to support it.

The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education because it facilitates easier access to information.

In your essay about braille, the thesis statement summarizes the key historical development that you’ll explain.

The invention of braille in the 19th century transformed the lives of blind people, allowing them to participate more actively in public life.

A strong thesis statement should tell the reader:

• Why you hold this position
• What they’ll learn from your essay
• The key points of your argument or narrative

The final thesis statement doesn’t just state your position, but summarizes your overall argument or the entire topic you’re going to explain. To strengthen a weak thesis statement, it can help to consider the broader context of your topic.

These examples are more specific and show that you’ll explore your topic in depth.

Your thesis statement should match the goals of your essay, which vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing:

• In an argumentative essay , your thesis statement should take a strong position. Your aim in the essay is to convince your reader of this thesis based on evidence and logical reasoning.
• In an expository essay , you’ll aim to explain the facts of a topic or process. Your thesis statement doesn’t have to include a strong opinion in this case, but it should clearly state the central point you want to make, and mention the key elements you’ll explain.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
• Post hoc fallacy
• Appeal to authority fallacy
• False cause fallacy
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A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

Follow these four steps to come up with a thesis statement :

• Ask a question about your topic .
• Write your initial answer.
• Develop your answer by including reasons.
• Refine your answer, adding more detail and nuance.

The thesis statement should be placed at the end of your essay introduction .

Cite this Scribbr article

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McCombes, S. (2023, August 15). How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved April 9, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/thesis-statement/

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• Undergraduate Honors Thesis

Partitioning India: Indian Muslim Nationalism and the Origin of the Muslim State (1800-1947) Public Deposited

• This thesis explores the partition of British India into India and Pakistan. While focusing on the politics behind the partition, it also looks at the development of Indian nationalisms under British rule, as Indians began to form their own political movements and to demand independence. To cover the full scope of this cataclysmic event, this thesis looks at the conditions that led to the split starting in the nineteenth century through the partition itself in the first half of the twentieth century. Topics such as British imperialism, the communal problem, relations between the Muslim and Hindu communities in India, and the politics behind the partition of India are highlighted in this project. By covering this breadth of topics as well as time, this thesis narrates the waves of division and unity between the two communities, in connection with the evolution of British imperialism, as India moved towards independence. At this time in India, religion and politics were very much intertwined, so by discussing the development of Indian nationalism in response to British imperialism, this paper looks to separate the two by providing the scope and context necessary to see the politicization of religion in the subcontinent, and argue that in the end the partition was motivated by politics rather than religion. Through the use of a variety of speeches and letters and other primary sources, as well as an assortment of work written by other scholars, this thesis demonstrates both the complexity of the issue and the many factors and events that influenced the final shape of Indian independence. By doing so, this thesis looks to contribute to the debate over the factors most significant to the partition of India.
• Buur, Sophie
• Chester, Dr. Lucy
• Brown, Dr. David
• Gerber, Dr. Matthew
• University of Colorado Boulder
• British Imperialism
• Indian Muslim Nationalism
• Indian Partition
• the Muslim League
• Muhammad Ali Jinnah
• In Copyright
• English [eng]

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• Arts and Sciences Honors Program

• Bibliography
• More Referencing guides Blog Automated transliteration Relevant bibliographies by topics
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Indian History and culture'

Create a spot-on reference in apa, mla, chicago, harvard, and other styles.

Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Indian History and culture.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

Shadowwalker, Depree Marie. "Where Have All The Indians Gone? American Indian Representation in Secondary History Textbooks." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/228169.

Corlett, David Michael. "Steadfast in their ways: New England colonists, Indian wars, and the persistence of culture, 1675-1715." W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623344.

Hidalgo, Alexander. "The Indian Map Trade in Colonial Oaxaca." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/301765.

Kertesz, Judy. "Skeletons in the American Attic: Curiosity, Science, and the Appropriation of the American Indian Past." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10499.

Nayee, Sanjana. "Not really bollywood a history of popular hindi films, songs, and dance with pedagogical applications for understanding indian history and culture." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1534.

Gobin, Anuradha. "Leaving a bittersweet taste : classifying, cultivating and consuming sugar in seventeenth and eighteenth century British West Indian visual culture." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112338.

Johns, Duncan Eric. "Reconnection to Gila River Akimel O'odham History and Culture Through Development of a User-Friendly O'odham Writing Method." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223373.

Smallwood, Arwin D. "A history of three cultures : Indian Woods, North Carolina, 1585 to 1995 /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487947501135213.

Ramnarayan, Akhila. "Kalki’s Avatars: writing nation, history, region, and culture in the Tamil Public Sphere." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1150484295.

DAS, APARAJITA. "HISTORY SHAPES DEVELOPMENT: CULTURE, INSTITUTIONS AND REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN INDIA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36770@1.

Jessen, Julie K. "African-American culture and history : northwestern Indiana, 1850-1940 : a context statement for the Indiana State Historic Preservation Office." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1027112.

Wasson, George B. "Growing up Indian : an Emic perspective." Thesis, view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3018401.

Weaver, Caroline Louise. "Colonialism, culture and visual education in British India, 1854-1891." Thesis, Online version, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.267749.

Shaw, Rachel Dayton. "Evolving ecoscape : an environmental and cultural history of Palm Springs, California, and the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation, 1877-1939 /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9936845.

Rajagopalan, Sudha. "A taste for Indian films negotiating cultural boundaries in post-Stalinist Soviet society /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3162980.

De, Jong David Henry 1961. "Friend or foe? Education and the American Indian." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277272.

Kaufmann, Laurel Jeanne 1966. "Creation of an identity: American Indian protest art." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291933.

Teemant, Marie Elizabeth, and Marie Elizabeth Teemant. "The North American Indian Reframed: The Photography of Edward S. Curtis in Context with American Art and Visual Culture." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621850.

Lastowka, Carol Anne Chase 1968. "At home and industriously employed: The Women's National Indian Association." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278412.

Gaetano, David. "Native America's Pastime: How Football at an Indian Boarding School Empowered Native American Men and Revitalized their Culture, 1880-1920." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1558090258915317.

Hinshaw, Michael Lloyd. "Ethnohistoric study of culture retention and acculturation among the Great Lakes and Oklahoma Odawa." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020186.

Indraganti, Kiranmayi. "Unheard voices : a social and cultural history of female playback singers in Indian (Telugu) cinema." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546480.

Feeley, Stephen D. "Tuscarora trails: Indian migrations, war, and constructions of colonial frontiers." W&M ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623324.

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Jackson, Monisha S. "A River Separates Them, A Culture Connects Them: The Mohawk Hunters of Algiers and the Mardi Gras Indian Tradition in New Orleans." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2412.

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Thesis: indian culture.

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India has a thousand ethnic groups, castes, and religions. The interaction between the castes is restricted. Those belonging to the upper level in the hierarchy do not like to mingle with those belonging to the lower level.

Certain upper-caste Indians who are very conscious and more superstitious do not even like the shadow of the lower-caste ‘untouchables’ to fall on them as that would bring them bad luck. The concept of rebirth is popular and deeply entrenched in the Indian psyche, and ideals about good and evil, reward and punishment all revolve around this idea of re-incarnation. These attitudes are changing among educated modern Indians who do not regard adherence to the caste system as mechanisms of social control anymore. (Béteille, 1991),

People from different religions living in India face many hardships. Due to the worsening religio-political scenario, especially in India, interacting with a Muslim is considered almost a sin. This is evident from a recent incident.

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The French and Indian War and Its Aftermath Thesis

Introduction.

The French and Indian War, named after the main rivals of the British, (Andersen, 2000) is one of the wars in history that had a tremendous impact not only among the countries who were directly involved, but also to their colonies, and even the other nations that were physically far from them and had no involvement in the conflict, whether directly or indirectly.

This paper looks into the war, by re-tracing some of the main events and looking at the countries and nationalities involved. It focuses on the French involvement especially since so little is written about it.

Specific areas that this paper would look into include: why the Indian tribes fought with the French, what the French did differently to befriend so many Indian tribes as compared with the British, reasons behind the eventual failing of the French and the Indians, why the Indians went to the British side at the end of the conflict, the aftermath of war on the native tribes, and the British treatment of the natives after the war.

Prelude to the War

Long before the start of the French and Indian war, the French and the British were already main rivals. Before the start of the eighteenth century, the British had established colonial settlements in New England, along the Atlantic Coast, and in the Chesapeake Bay region. During this time, the French had founded small communities along the St. Lawrence River. They had also laid claim of the entire Mississippi River Valley (Henretta, 2007).

These North American colonies were a part of the intense rivalry between the two countries, as each tried to equal or surpass the other’s economic, political, and military power (Henretta, 2007). For, although the two nations settled in North America independently, their respective settlements were not very far from each other. Moreover, there were no barriers such as mountains between their territories (Copeland, 1997; Bourne, 1990, 215).

British settlers captured Eastern Maine, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia in 1654, but the region was returned to France in 1667. However, ownership of the region would remain disputed for another century.

Since 1669, the British and the French, as well as France’s ally, Spain, had fought a century-long series of wars. They competed to control the lucrative fur trade on the North American mainland, as well as the valuable rich sugar production on the islands of the West Indies.

The first of these battles was The King William’s War (1689–1697), known in Europe as the War of the League of Augsburg. It was followed by Queen Anne’s War (1702–1713), known in Europe as the War of the Spanish Succession, then by King George’s War (1744–1748). These wars were named after the raining British monarch at the time of the war. The last war —French and Indian War — happened during the reign of King William, but since there was already a war named after him, it was named after the British’ main opponents in the war (Henretta, 2007).

The King William’s War was a series of skirmishes that produced no changes in territory, whereas the Queen Anne’s allowed Britain to secure additional territory. It was through this war that Britain obtained Newfoundland, Acadia, the Hudson Bay region of northern Canada, and greater access to the Native American fur trade from the French, and the Mediterranean fortress of Gibraltar and trading privileges in Spanish America from the Spanish, France’s ally (Andersen, 2000, 114; Henretta, 2007).

The French and Indian War: An Overview

The French and Indian War — so called because the Indians sided with the French — is the last of the four North American wars between the British and the French from 1689 to 1763. Lasting from 1754 to 1763, it is the one war between the two superpowers that had the biggest impact in history (Henretta, 2007).

Starting in America then eventually expanded into Europe as the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763) and into Asia as the Third Carnatic War, the French and Indian war is the war that enabled the British to extend its power in North America, the West Indies, and the subcontinent of India. Its aftermath was enormous — it stripped France of its North American empire, and it caused Britain to change its relationship to its colonies, a change that eventually led to the American Revolution (Henretta, 2007).

The French and Indian War was precipitated by series of altercations over Upper Ohio Valley (Carnegie Library of Pittsburg, 2003). Both France and Britain claimed Ohio Country, the land west of the Appalachian Mountains. Since the 1940s, both sides had merchants in Ohio, trading fur with the Native Americans. But by the 1750s, the British colonists desired to convert the wilderness into viable farms (Ohio History Central, 1982).

The two superpowers tried to deny the other access to the Ohio Country. French soldiers captured several English trading posts and, in anticipation to territorial threats from the British, they built Fort Duquesne (modern-day Pittsburgh) in the early 1950s, (Ohio History Central, 1982).

Before the war, the main issue that the two countries were fighting over was division of the continent. The British controlled the eastern seaboard, in Georgia, the Carolinas, and what is now the Northeastern United States whereas the French owned Louisiana, Acadia (Nova Scotia) and Northeast Canada. The Indian tribes — Cherokee, Catawabas, Creeks, Choctaws and Chickasaws — inhabited the mountainous region, somewhere between the territories of the two superpowers. The Indian tribes did not want to participate in the war, preferring to maintain their autonomy, and to trade with both countries (Mott, 52; Sparks, n.d.).

History would tell us, however, that based primarily on the travels of the French explorer Rene-Robert Cavelier de Salle in 1682, the French believed they owned all disputed lands in the west, including the Ohio Valley — a claim that the British vehemently disputed (Sparks, n.d).

In the early 1700s, the British slowly expanded their territory. In 1727, they started construction of a trading fort — Fort Oswego — on the banks of Lake Ontario, and then, in 1749, they constructed a permanent settlement in the Ohio region.

Greatly displeased, the French diplomats were dispatched to the British, demanding that they abandon Fort Oswego and to recognize boundaries of French territories. Both countries tried to settle their dispute by calling a conference. However, none came out of this attempt to sort things out. In 1752, when the Marquis Duquesne assumed the office of governor of New France, he was given specific instructions to secure Ohio Valley (Sparks, n.d).

In April 1754, French and Indians traveling down the Allegheny River, whose mission was to claim this prized territory for France, found a small garrison at the forks of the Ohio. The garrison in question was the Fort Prince George, which was established by the British Colonel George Washington while scouting for Virginia’s Ohio Land Company. The area was considered strategic as it was “extremely well-situated for a fort, having command of both rivers.” This would later develop to become the city of Pittsburg (Wood, 243).

The strategic location of the garrison made both the French and the British desire it, as the French were seeking unregulated access between their North American settlements at the Mississippi River and on the Great Lakes, whereas the British wanted a new territory for their colonies’ expansion (Carnegie Library of Pittsburg, n.d.). Moreover, both the French and the British coveted the fur trade with the Indians beyond the Allegheny Mountains because the trade was very lucrative.

The French, the Indians and the British During the War

The french and the british: comparison and contrast.

To analyze the French and Indian war requires a deep look into the similarities and differences of the two major players in the war — the French and the British. This is because these similarities and differences would later define how they would treat the tribes, and consequently, how the French and Indian war would be fought, and which side the Indian tribes would fight with. Finally, these differences would also define the outcome of the war.

Their Purpose in Going to North America

The French and the British had come to North America with different purpose. The French’s missions were three-fold: to build a great New France, to establish a trading network with the North Americans to reap the fur trade and possibly precious metals, and to convert the natives into their own religion. The British, on the other hand, were concerned about establishing farms, towns, and cities where they can export British goods, looking for a place where their growing population back home could settle outside of Britain, and getting the tribes to embrace Christianity (Elson, 1908).

The French initially settled along the Mississippi river and the St. Lawrence river, two most extensive river systems of the continent. These river systems gave them access to the riches of the continent. The British, on the other hand, claimed the coastal plains east of the Appalachians, where the coastal rivers gave them access to the entire east coast and allowed them sea commerce with the British Isles (Hall, 2003).

The British and the French on Marriage

There were some notable differences between the two nationalities on what they brought or did not bring with them when they went to North America, as well as how they tried to acquire what they did not bring with them.

The British found New England by influx migration; whereas, the Frenchman did the same by attempting to turn the Indians into Frenchmen. When the British went to New England, they brought with them their families; whereas, most Frenchmen who went were mostly unmarried.

Among the relatively fewer British who went there without a wife, it was customary for them to choose a wife from among their countrymen, or, if not, they would turn their eyes to the women back home. The Frenchmen, on the other hand, preferred to find a wife from the natives. They would wed the natives, learn their ways, and in the process, try to teach them to become French. The natives, however, were not as interested in learning the French ways as the French were of their ways (Steele, n.d).

Relationship with their government at home

Another difference between the French and the British in North America is their relationship with their respective governments back home. The English colonies were allowed to develop on their own. They were strong and self-reliant. In fact, two of them — Rhode Island and Connecticut — had their own governors of their own choosing, and practically made all their laws on their own. Democratic and almost independent, they could have been one nation, if only they were united.

The French colonies, on the other hand, were never made to develop on their own. They were wholly dependent on their home government; they never learned to stand alone. They were like a branch of a centralized government. And although as men, they had individual freedom, they lacked political or religious freedom, nor did they want to have them (Elson, 1904).

Type of government

The French were a unit whereas the British were separate colonies-republics. At their king’s command, all of Canada was ready to do their kings biddings. The British, on the other hand, had to attempt to unite their colonies-republics, which proved to be difficult, since the colonies-republics had so much liberty and were completely politically separate from the other colonies-republics, even if they were loosely joined together by their mother country. The British government had to appeal to and coerce, and even subsidize the colonies-republics just so they would move to action against France — but no appeal nor coercion made them want to actively join in the fight against the French. It took the British three years to awaken them to their sense of duty. Unfortunately for them, in those three years, the French have won almost every single skirmish against the British (Elson, 1904).

Treatment of the Indians

The Indian involvement in the French Indian war is crucial. However, it should be pointed out that had the Indians were united in whom to support, the side with whom they allied themselves would have doubtless won. But as it happened, they were divided: some staying neutral, some siding with the British, while others with the French.

It is interesting to find out, though, that the majority of the Indians were with the French. This seems natural, because the Frenchmen took every effort to get the Indians to their side, long before the war precipitated. They flattered them, they treated them as brethren, they adopted their customs, and they married into their tribes.

The British, on the other hand, never considered the Natives to be their equal. They never cared for the natives’ confidence, never befriended them, and never even wanted them as neighbors. Though the British and the Native Americans were often friendly with each other, there was always mutual suspicion between them. Moreover, the English wanted land, which of course, the Indian never dreamed of giving over; whereas the French only furs, which the Indians were more than willing to trade (Elson, 1904).

Why the Indian tribes fought with the French

While the French and Indian war is often seen as a battle between two superpowers —England and France — the war is really a fight of three nations, of which the third major party were the Indian nations that lived in these regions.

The Indians, especially the five nations of the Iroquois, played the French and the English against each other in a calculating attempt to maximize the benefits they could get from the two countries. Since the French and the English were both unfamiliar with the terrain, the involvement of the Indian nations as allies in the battle made an enormous difference (Sparks, n.d).

The tribes were mostly neutral believing that the war would eventually lead to an end of the intrusion of the British of the Allgheny Mountains. But for various reasons, most of the Algonquians sided with the French, whereas the Iroquoins fought with the British (u-s-history, n.d.).

During the French and Indian War, the British had tried to win over from the French the tribes in Delaware, Shawnees, and Iroquois but most of the tribes remained neutral.

Although most of the natives in Ohio Country enjoyed trading with both the English and the French, most of them did not like the large number of British colonists in the area. They feared that the number of British colonists would continue to grow and would eventually seek their fortunes in the west, driving them out of lands in the process (Ohio History Central).

Another reason that most of the Indians sided with the French was because the French married into the tribes. Moreover, they treated the Indians nicely, and they only interested with their furs, unlike the British who were interested in their lands as well (Henretta, 2007).

In view of these facts is does not come as a surprise that most of the Natives favored and fought with the French. Nearly all the Algonquin tribes were French allies. The only exceptions were the Iroquois of northern New York who joined the British in the fight.

The Iroquois still had not forgiven the French over the skirmish they had in 1609 where a few Iroquion chiefs were slain. Moreover, there was one British gentleman — William Johnson, British Superintendent of Indian Affairs — who had been a long standing of the Iroquois, having behaved toward them in French manner rather than British. He knew the Iroquois’ language, spent his time there, and married a Native. It was he, above all else, who secured the Iroquois to the British side during the French and Indian war.

Reasons for the French and the Indians’ Initial Winning of the War

There are several reasons why the French won the earlier parts of the French and Indian war.

First, the British were not like the French who were a unit. Whereas all the French king had to do was call its sovereign to arms and they would readily do his bidding, the British government had to go through a lot of process before the British people would support the war.

In the French and Indian war, the British government had to appeal to its colonists before to join in the war, which the colonists — who were already prosperous and almost autonomous — did not like the idea of joining the war. Moreover, the government had to offer subsidies to the colonies just so they would take arms and defend their territory. Despite the subsidies, however, the colonists were still not interested to join in the war. As this was ongoing, the French were already winning the war. This went on for two years (Steele, n.d).

The second reason is differences in military tactic. When Major General Edward Braddock led the advance of a column of 1,450, they were attacked and defeated by Indians and Canadian French whose number was a little more than one half of Braddock’s army. Braddock’s defeat happened because the attackers used guerilla tactic: they hid under cover of the surrounding woods, and flanked the redcoats and fired on them for more than three hours. The defeat was humiliating for the British, mainly because two-thirds of the column were killed or wounded (Steele, n.d.).

The French managed to stop or sabotage some of the other British missions. When Governor William Shirley of Massachusetts led a British army to Fort Niagara, he and his men were stalled about 150 miles from their target. All they accomplished was strengthen the dilapidated Fort Oswego on Lake Ontario.

When British Colonel William Johnson led 1,500 colonials and 300 Iroquois to march to Fort St. Frédéric on Lake Champlain, they too failed to complete their mission. However, unlike Shirley, Johnson won a hard-fought, defensive battle at the Lake George. As Johnson and his men were attempting to cut a sixteen-mile woodland road and haul siege guns north from Fort Edward, they were attacked by a vanguard of 700 Indians, 600 Canadians, and 220 French grenadiers (Wood, 240).

The attackers were led by the newly arrived Major General Jean-Armand, baron de Dieskau. In this battle, Dieskau’s intention was to capture Fort Edward and consequently cut Johnson’s line of supply. However, his Indian allies would not attack the fort.

Dieskau then trapped part of Johnson’s army in a major ambush known as the Bloody Morning Scout. But while he and his men were chasing the survivors back into Johnson’s camp at Lake George, the Indians again stalled him, refusing to face cannons, even though the cannons were still being set up behind overturned boats and wagons. Hence Dieskau was eventually defeated, even if he had displayed tactical brilliance and adaptability. Having been wounded in the battle, he became Johnson’s prisoner-guest (Wood, 242).

Surprise attack was the French and the Indians’ name of the game that ensured French victory over the British during the first part of the war. Braddock’s defeat had made the initially-neutral Indians to ally with the French and not with the British. In fact, even the Iroquois hostility to the French abated after losses in the Bloody Morning Scout.

Having allied with the French, the Indians conducted independent raids. This made the British become wholly preoccupied with defending vast woodland frontiers against surprise attack — but to no avail.

This distraction by the British was beneficial to the French, but far more valuable were the Indian’s help. The Indians helped a lot in the Canadian-French offensive operations of 1756 and 1757. French and Indians were able to isolate Camp Oswego. Then, in March 1757, Indians from mission settlements in Canada helped the French in a surprise attack operation on a major supply depot at Fort Bull, New York. In this attack, they destroyed gunpowder, ammunition, and provisions intended for Fort Oswego. They also burned wagons, boats, and Fort Bull itself (Stelle, n.d.).

The highlight of the French offensive was the operation at the Fort William Henry at Lake George’s south end. In this operation, the fort was captured. About 1,800 Indians from as far away as Acadia and the Mississippi valley joined more than 6,000 Canadian and French regulars in Montcalm in the siege. Hundreds of Indian scouts led preliminary raids where they cut the fort’s communications; and killed and captured the British who were spying on French information, strength, and movements (Mott, 1962).

The French and Indians likewise trapped and destroyed some British fleet of twenty-two whaleboats then formed a van of the French army. They isolated the fort as well as the adjoining entrenched camp. They brought with them four mortars and 36 cannon. Without reinforcement from Fort Edward, British Lieutenant Colonel George Monro eventually surrendered.

Why the French and the Indians failed

Although during the first part of the French and Indian war, the French seemed to win the war, the tide soon turned. Eventually, the British overpowered the French, and some of the Indian French allies turned their back on the French and joined the British army.

In the following part of the paper, we will see how the differences between the British and the French with regard to how they dealt with people of different religion, in addition to their differences already mentioned in the first part of the paper, made a lot of difference in the result of the French and Indian war.

Although the British Protestants were intolerant of Catholics — and even of one another — their religious dissension was mainly intellectual and theological. They continued to coexist on the same land.

The French, on the other hand, tended to exclude all non-Catholics from their new domains. So when the French Huguenots, who weren’t comfortable living with the English in Carolina, petitioned their king to allow them to settle in Louisiana where they might remain Frenchmen, and hence, his subjects, the King adamantly refused the request, saying that he did not shoo away heretics from his kingdom only to let them stay in and populate his colonies. And hence, the French Huguenots remained with the English and became a part of them (Elson, 1904).

This decision of the King would soon be revealed to be the nail into the French domination’s coffin. Because the non-Catholic French whom he refused to settle in Louisiana became a part of the British in America, the number of British eventually soared to at least 1.2 million by the time the French and Indian War became imminent, while the French population barely reached 60,000. The French king could have about 250,000 industrious French people dwelling in the Mississippi Valley, but because of his unwise decision, the vast fertile region was only peopled by roving Indian hordes (Elson, 1904).

Hence, although the French controlled a territory that was 20 times bigger than that of the British, the British had a population that was 20 times as great as the French (Elson, 1904). The French territory was marked only by simple forts manned by very few men, whereas the British territory was populated, and the population was fast increasing. (Spark Notes, n.d.).

Another reason that the French eventually lost was the Indians’ decision to turn their back on them, and join the British. In fact, some historians have hypothesized that that particular event was the turning point of the war. Without the advantage of having their Indian allies on their side, just when the British found a way to have greater resources, the French eventually lost the continent and, along with that loss, most of its colonies. (Spark Notes, n.d.)

The shift of Indian support from the French to the British started when William Pitt (the Elder), Britain’s new prime minister, made it his policy to drastically increase aid to the American colonies. This, he was able to do so because the Royal Navy kept the sea lanes open for the British, while the French were finding it hard to send large-scale support to its colonies. As a result, by 1758 the tides were turning against the French and the French started winning in some wars (Leach, 2004).

When in 1758, a British expedition forced Louisbourg to surrender, and then another expedition caused the French to abandon the Forks of the Ohio, the Indian started becoming convinced Indians that Britain would prevail after all. With this realization, the natives started shifting loyalties from the French to the British (Leach, 2004).

Aftermath of the War

The French and American war had great repercussions not just on those who were directly involved, but even the nations who were physically far from the war zone, especially those that were colonies of the two major players of the war.

In the discussion below, we focus on the effect of the war on the major as well as the secondary players.

On the French

The French and Indian war which officially ended in 1763 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris had an enormous impact in world history. The terms in the peace pact reflected the successes of the British military. Great Britain became the most powerful country, having gained control over half of the North American continent, including French Canada, and all French territorial claims in Spanish Florida as well as east of the Mississippi River. In the peace pact, Britain, in turn, gave Cuba and the Philippines back to Spain. Moreover, and France ceded its territorial claim over Louisiana west of the Mississippi River to Spain, its ally, as compensation for the loss of Florida.

With the signing of the treaty, France was humbled, having been stripped of its empire. All it had left were two rocky islands off the coast of Newfoundland and relatively small sugar plantations in the West Indies.

On the British

Despite their win, the effects of the war on the British were mostly negative. First, the war caused them to reevaluate their relationship with their colonial subjects. The British had been hugely disappointed with the colonies’ lack of cooperation during the war.

Before the war, Britain did not closely control its colonies, allowing them to have their own governments, and giving them some degree of autonomy. Britain regarded its colonies and their governments as subordinate bodies who were subject to the authority of the king and the parliament. It even allowed the implementation of instructions from home to be overseen by the colonies’ own governments. Moreover, it did not always enforce its laws upon them (Hall, 2003).

However, when the rich colonies showed no cooperation during the French and Indian war, the British were deeply annoyed, especially when the former refused to support Britain even after generous subsidies were offered to those who would help the British win the war.

For their part, the colonial assemblies refused to send their militiamen to Canada, claiming that their militias were needed to defend home territory. The British, however, suspected that the assemblies took advantage of the war to heighten their own political power. One proof is that the colonists would often demand greater authority over finances, as well as in military appointments in return for their approval of measures related to war. In such instances, the royal governors were often left with no choice but to give in to these demands (Elson, 1904).

Another negative effect of the war on the British was that their government faced huge financial problems after the war. Their national debt, which was about 75 million pounds before the war, soared to 133 million by the time the war was over. Military expenses ate up most of the expenditures. Because money was still needed after the war to maintain the British troops that were occupying their newly acquired territories, Britain was reluctant to offer additional subsidies for the defense of the colonies.

The colonists, on the other hand, feared the permanent presence of a British army. They believed that the presence of the army threatened their liberty and the representative government. When the British demanded imperial reform (as a result of their disappointment over the colonists’ lack of cooperation during the war), imposed direct taxes, and stationed army units in the colonial port cities, the colonists’ fear heightened. This eventually led to the colonists’ active resistance against Britain, which paved the way for the American Revolution that created the United States of America (Elson, 1904; Henretta, 2007).

On the Indian Tribes

The effect of the French and Indian war on the Native Americans — whichever side they fought with — was lasting and even devastating. The British revenged on the Native American nations who fought with the French. This they did by first, cutting off their supplies, and then forcing upon them British rules and laws (Spark Notes, n.d.).

The Native Americans who had fought with the British with the understanding that doing so would lead to an end to European encroachment on their land were also not pleased with the turn of events after the war was won. They were greatly disappointed when many new settlers began to move in. More so when the British started forcing upon them their stifling attention on everything the Native American tribes did.

On the whole, the British victory was bad for the Indian tribes, especially those who had allied themselves with the French for they had earned the wrath of the victorious British. However, the same could be said even to the tribes who had allied themselves with the British — the Iroquois. In terms of treatment from the winning race, they fared only slightly better than those who fought with the French. For another 50 years, the Iroquois continued to contest the British’ control of the Ohio Valley. Unfortunately for them, they were never again in a position to deal with the British in terms of military or political equality (Mooy, 2003).

The French and Indian War is often regarded as merely a prologue to the great revolution of British colonists that created the United States of America. But in this paper, we have seen that the war had a big impact in history, as it changed the history and course of many nations (Fowler, 2005, 241). If that war had not happened, its consequences would not have happened, and the world as we know it today would have been totally different.

In this paper, we have also realized how culture could define our dealings with other people. We have seen how the cultural differences between the French and the British had spelled victory on one and defeat on the other.

We have also seen how failure to understand other culture can have a devastating effect. This is clearly illustrated when the French, who, in their attempt to befriend the Native Americans, had tried to adapt to the latter’s customs and traditions. It seems ironic now that the race that tried hard to learn the ways and habits of the Native Americans would fail to diagnose the latter’s character. Indeed, in the French’s attempt to make French out of the Native Americans, it can be said that it was the French who had, in some ways, learned to be Native Americans while the latter never completely became French.

It is also interesting to note how a simple ambition to dominate the world had led to many conflicts, big or small, between what were once great empires and their allies. For it was ambition that made each want what the other wanted, and deny the other of the chance to rival and outperform him.

It is also interesting to realize how two powerful nations were played against each other by a cunning group of tribes who tried to capitalize on the two powers’ hostilities against each other. It seems ironic that the supposed “barbaric” tribes could play two great powers at their whims. For, as some historians have hypothesized, it was the Native Americans participation that is the crucial part of the war.

It must be pointed out, however, how much the tricks played by the tribes had caused them. They played dirty, and in the end, they reaped the bitter fruit of the seed of treachery that they had sown. According to William Fowler (2005, 332), the impact of the war was greatest on the Indian nations. For, in the end, the victory of the British turned out to be bad for them, whichever side they fought with, and even if they remained neutral. We have learned that the tribes who fought with the French had earned the wrath of the British. But even for those who fought with the British, nothing good came out of the war. They were not treated well by the British and, in fact, they had to contest possession of the Ohio Valley with the British for another five decades.

Another thing that is worth looking into is how the colonists and the Indian tribes behaved during the war. The two groups have but one similarity: they both tried to take advantage of the war to maximize the benefits they could get from it. When the war was just starting, the Indians tried to play the French and the British against each other, while trading with both of them.

The British colonists, on the other hand, not really interested to go into war, had tried to make demands from their home government — many of which were simply to enrich themselves further — just so they would approve of the war. This tactic went on for years, during which one cold imagine how much the colonists might have fleeced from their government back home. We now know how much this tactic caused the British government — they lost most wars during the early part of the war because of this. And then, as we have found out, the colonists did not really completely cooperated in the war, reasoning out that they needed their own militia to defend home territories.

There are many other interesting events in the war, and there are still a lot of lessons that we could learn from it. But not, in the writers’ opinion, could rival the lesson that most often, war can bring nothing good. This lesson is true to all parties involved — the Indian Americans, the French, and the British. It could be said all of them lost in the war. The French were humbled, having been stripped of their might; and the Indian Americans suffered the wrath of the British.

Having become the supreme nation, it would be easy to think that the British gained a lot from the war. But this isn’t so. For, though the British won, and as a consequence, they gained so much territory, we have learned that their financial debt ballooned as a direct consequence of the war.

Moreover, we have also learned that because of their annoyance with how their colonists behaved during the war, adopted stifling policies upon their colonists. This action of the British, we have already learned to have caused restlessness among the colonists, which eventually led to a revolution. And this revolution, we now know to have created the United States of America, and hence, causing Britain to lose its North American colonies.

Indeed, nothing good came out of the French and Indian war for all parties involved, especially the main rivals. The wars’ ultimate consequence had stripped both of their power, humbling them, humiliating them.

May this significant lesson of the war remain with us forever, so that the next time we or our own nation would choose to have war, we would be forewarned that the gain we hope to achieve from winning a war might be insignificant when all the things we would lose is taken into account.

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