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High-interactivity radio : using the Internet to enhance community among radio listeners

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MIT Graduate Program in Comparative Media Studies

Studying Media and Making Media

High-Interactivity Radio: Using the Internet to Enhance Community Among Radio Listeners

This thesis examines the evidence of community among listeners to three radio programs, who gather online to discuss radio programming in blogs, message boards and discussion forums provided by those programs. The three programs of focus are Air America Radio’s The Majority Report, ABC Radio Networks’ Sean Hannity Show, and National Public Radio’s Talk of the Nation. The shows are analyzed in terms of how they perform by a new standard of interactive radio, whose benchmark has been established by The Majority Report. First identified in this thesis, the concept of high-interactivity radio brings together both vertical (between audience and broadcaster) and horizontal (intra-audience) interactivities. The relative success of high-interactivity radio is judged by a comparative analysis of the evidence of community in radio-online discussion areas, and the use of these online spaces by show producers as a vehicle for listener feedback, interaction, and content generation. The observations made in these three radio-online discussion areas can be practically applied to the work of broadcasters. Toward this end, the thesis closes with a brief ethnographic description of Open Source, a new public radio program currently attempting to develop its own version of high-interactivity radio.

About Joellen Easton

In late 2015 Joellen Easton left nonprofit media for the first time in her career, and also made the daring move back to Maine from Southern California (in the winter!). She now serves as the digital product manager for the Bangor Daily News, where her one big goal is to make digital revenue overtake print revenue as quickly as possible, through launching of new products, optimization of digital performance, and innovation. Formerly she worked for American Public Media, leading the creation and partnership development of the Public Insight Network, a platform for digital editorial engagement.

Thesis: High-Interactivity Radio: Using the Internet to Enhance Community Among Radio Listeners

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Web radio automation for audio stream management in the era of big data.

1. Introduction

1.1. radio in an evolving ecosystem, 1.2. big audio data, 1.3. speaker diarization, 1.4. research aims, 2. materials and methods, 2.1. a framework for knowledge extraction from radio content, 2.2. a web application for live radio production and annotation, 2.3. speaker recognition with convolutional neural networks.

• Background Noise: Additive Gaussian White Noise (AGWN) was added to the existing audio files. This technique doubles the number of files used for training and helps generalization in noisy conditions.
• Dynamic Range: The audio files provided in the RAVDNESS database are not normalized. Machine learning models are vulnerable to overfitting to energy characteristics. In the training session, we used the existing audio files as well as normalized versions of them. This aims at making recognition performance robust to energy fluctuations, e.g., with the speaker moving farther and closer to the mic.
• Time Shift: Time shifting of audio segments is achieved by extracting features from heavily overlapping windows to increase the instances. This is similar to the different image cropping data augmentation technique that has been popularized in visual object detection. In our approach, 90% overlapping between successive observation windows was chosen.

2.4. Speaker Diarization

4. discussion, 4.1. conclusions, 4.2. limitations and future work, author contributions, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.

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Vryzas, N.; Tsipas, N.; Dimoulas, C. Web Radio Automation for Audio Stream Management in the Era of Big Data. Information 2020 , 11 , 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/info11040205

Vryzas N, Tsipas N, Dimoulas C. Web Radio Automation for Audio Stream Management in the Era of Big Data. Information . 2020; 11(4):205. https://doi.org/10.3390/info11040205

Vryzas, Nikolaos, Nikolaos Tsipas, and Charalampos Dimoulas. 2020. "Web Radio Automation for Audio Stream Management in the Era of Big Data" Information 11, no. 4: 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/info11040205

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New challenges for radio broadcasting in the digital era

Radio has a charm of which we may be justly proud. It was the first medium to overcome the barrier of real time and to scale the heights of ubiquity. Its features will one day become the hallmarks of the Internet. It was the first personal and interactive medium. People’s talk during radio broadcasts, their comments, phone calls, and now vocal messages via constitute ‘User Generated Content’ much earlier than Henry Jenkins and the social networks. Starting from these winning characteristics, the paper – presented as a keynote address at Lublin Radio Research conference (September 2017) - draws some conclusions about the challenges for radio broadcasting in the digital era.

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In this body of work, interactivity is intended in both its minimal technical meaning, as a sequence of action and reaction, as well as in the wider sense of a social-communicative relationship (listeners that reply to a call by a radio host by either phone, smartphone messaging systems, email or Facebook/Twitter texts; listeners that react to a call by a radio host by doing something, such as downloading content or liking/commenting/sharing social media posts; radio hosts and authors that reply to questions and content coming from listeners). The boundary between interactive and productive publics is traced according to the ideal model of audience participation (AIP model – Access; Interaction; Participation – see Carpentier (2007), where: “this difference between participation on the one hand, and access and interaction on the other, is located within the key role that is attributed to power, and to equal(ised) power relations in decision-making processes.” (Carpentier 2011, 29). 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Online broadcasting, online music services, portable music players, digital receivers, mobile phones and podcasts are different ways to access music and entertainment. All these platforms represent a whole new scenario for media and forces radio to change the business and communication model, transforming the radio concept we used to know. MP3 players for instance, or devices such as mobile phones are shifting the balance of power away from radio as tastemaker toward consumers' ability to select, hoard and arrange their music. Multimedia is changing radio discourse. Radio listening gave way to online navigation and interaction. To where does all this lead us? The proposed abstract will focus on the transfiguration of audio contents, both in terms of journalism, entertainment and advertising, as well as the mutation of the listener in direction of a relation between the one who listens to radio and is also a web user of radio websites, presenting the concept of R@dio, as a definition for the new broadcasting context in the 21st century.

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations

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OATD.org aims to be the best possible resource for finding open access graduate theses and dissertations published around the world. Metadata (information about the theses) comes from over 1100 colleges, universities, and research institutions . OATD currently indexes 7,225,126 theses and dissertations.

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The Shodhganga@INFLIBNET Centre provides a platform for research students to deposit their Ph.D. theses and make it available to the entire scholarly community in open access. The repository has the ability to capture, index, store, disseminate and preserve ETDs submitted by the researchers. [Read More]

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Theses received at the Centre till 30th November 2020 have been uploaded.

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• Universities Contributed in Shodhganga
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Anna University 16264

University of madras 15229, university of calcutta 14502, savitribai phule pune university 13062, university of mumbai 11977, andhra university 10492, aligarh muslim university 10461, chhatrapati sahuji maharaj university 10211, babasaheb bhimrao ambedkar bihar university 9654, panjab university 9571, abhilashi university 20, academy of scientific and innovative research (acsir) 2880, acharya nagarjuna university 2336, acharya narendra deva university of agriculture and technology, ayodhya 1163, adamas university 53, adesh university 26, adichunchanagiri university, mandya 8, adikavi nannaya university, rajahmundry 58, agriculture university, jodhpur 5, agriculture university, kota 13, ahmedabad university 23, ajeenkya dy patil university 2, aks university 31, alagappa university 2607, alliance university 56, all india institute of medical science, bhopal 1, all india institute of medical sciences rishikesh 6, ambedkar university, delhi 60, amet university 143, amity university chhattisgarh 4, amity university haryana 212, amity university, kolkata 2, amity university madhya pradesh 68, amity university, mumbai 36, amity university, noida 1249, amity university rajasthan 233, amrita vishwa vidyapeetham university 604, anand agricultural university 122, annamalai university 3251, apeejay stya university 26, apex university, rajasthan 42, a p goyal shimla university 15, apj abdul kalam technological university, thiruvananthapuram 53, arka jain university 15, arni university 8, arunachal university of studies 2, arunodaya university 4, aryabhatta knowledge university 50, ashoka university 2, assam agricultural university 170, assam don bosco university 158, assam down town university 91, assam rajiv gandhi university of cooperative management 2, assam science and technology university 14, assam university 2338, atal bihari vajpayee indian institute of information technology and management 103, atal bihari vajpayee vishwavidyalaya 6, atmiya university 20, auro university 1, avinashilingam institute for home science and higher education for women 734, awadhesh pratap singh university 1060, baba ghulam shah badshah university 109, baba mastnath university 148, babasaheb bhimrao ambedkar university 542, babu banarasi das university 156, baddi university of emerging sciences & technology 7, bahra university 5, banaras hindu university 8745, banasthali vidyapith 2324, bangalore university 2614, bankura university 38, bareilly international university 21, barkatullah university 520, bennett university 42, berhampur university 261, bhagat phool singh mahila vishwavidyalaya 140, bhagwan mahavir university 28, bhagwant university 331, bhaikaka university 4, bhakta kavi narsinh mehta university 131, bharathiar university 7904, bharathidasan university 8300, bharath institute of higher education and research 723, bharati vidyapeeth deemed university 679, bhartiya skill development university jaipur 19, bhupendra narayan mandal university 5, bihar agricultural university 89, birla global university 3, birla institute of management technology 11, birla institute of technology and science 1642, birla institute of technology, mesra 204, blde (deemed to be university) 56, bml munjal university, gurugram 7, bodoland university 110, brainware university 37, b s abdur rahman crescent institute of science & technology 332, bundelkhand university 2214, calorx teachers university 2, career point university 32, central institute of technology kokrajhar 23, central sanskrit university 403, central university of gujarat 360, central university of haryana 95, central university of himachal pradesh 143, central university of jammu 134, central university of jharkhand 87, central university of karnataka 157, central university of kashmir 270, central university of kerala 176, central university of odisha 36, central university of punjab 204, central university of rajasthan 274, central university of south bihar 44, central university of tamil nadu 121, centurion university of technology and management 95, centurion university of technology and management, vizianagaram 5, cept university 82, chaitanya university, hanamkonda 42, chanakya national law university 22, chandigarh university 213, chandra shekhar azad university of agriculture and technology 134, charotar university of science and technology 170, chaudhary charan singh university 3207, chaudhary devi lal university 291, chaudhary ranbir singh university 19, chaudhary sarwan kumar himachal pradesh krishi vishvavidyalaya 406, chettinad academy of research and education 176, chhatrapati shivaji maharaj university 4, chhattisgarh swami vivekanand technical university 149, childrens university 19, chitkara university 31, chitkara university, punjab 340, christ university 412, cmj university 6, cmr university 125, cochin university of science & technology 2806, cooch behar panchanan barma university 34, cotton university 52, ct university 77, c.u. shah university 204, c.v. raman global university 36, damodaram sanjivayya national law university 5, datta meghe institute of medical sciences 234, davangere university 146, dav university 33, dayalbagh educational institute 1307, dayananda sagar university 57, deccan college post graduate and research institute 396, deenbandhu chhotu ram university of science and technology, sonipat 182, deen dayal upadhyay gorakhpur university 884, defence institute of advanced technology 44, delhi pharmaceutical sciences & research university (dpsru) 23, delhi technological university 540, desh bhagat university 246, devi ahilya vishwavidyalaya 2301, dev sanskriti vishwavidyalaya 13, dharmashastra national law university 3, dharmsinh desai university 40, dhirubhai ambani institute of information and communication technology (da-iict) 77, diamond harbour women's university 15, dibrugarh university 986, dit university 101, doon university 59, dr. a.p.j. abdul kalam technical university 440, dravidian university 60, dr. babasaheb ambedkar marathwada university 5626, dr. babasaheb ambedkar open university 201, dr. babasaheb ambedkar technological university 62, dr. bhimrao ambedkar university, agra 6008, dr b r ambedkar national institute of technology jalandhar 109, dr. b. r. ambedkar open university, hyderabad 1, dr. c.v. raman university 323, dr. d. y. patil vidyapeeth, pune 167, dr. harisingh gour vishwavidhyalay 2324, dr. k n modi university 28, dr. m.g.r. educational and research institute 527, dr. panjabrao deshmukh krishi vidyapeeth, akola 50, dr. rammanohar lohia avadh university, faizabad 4641, dr ram manohar lohiya national law university 69, dr. sarvepalli radhakrishnan rajasthan ayurved university 191, dr shakuntala misra national rehabilitation university 80, dr. shyama prasad mukherjee international institute of information technology naya raipur 9, dr. vishwanath karad mit world peace university 34, dr. y.s. parmar university of horticulture and forestry 177, dr.y.s.r. horticultural university 24, d.y. patil university 7, d y patil university, kolhapur 68, entrepreneurship development institute of india 1, eternal university 15, fakir mohan university, balasore 182, forest research institute university 350, galgotias university 92, gangadhar meher university 88, ganpat university 174, garden city university 12, gauhati university 6389, gautam buddha university 246, g.b.pant university of agriculture & technology 263, gd goenka university 168, geetanjali university 45, g h raisoni university, amravati 30, giet university, gunupur 27, gitam university 973, gla university 234, glocal university 161, gls university 148, gna university 29, goa university 1159, gokhale institute of politics and economics 31, gokul global university 7, gondwana university 182, graphic era hill university dehradun 18, graphic era university 162, gujarat ayurveda university 5, gujarat forensic sciences university 26, gujarat national law university 23, gujarat technological university 407, gujarat university 4624, gujarat vidyapith 631, gulbarga university 1141, guru angad dev veterinary and animal sciences university 5, guru ghasidas university 353, guru gobind singh indraprastha university 711, guru jambheshwar university of science & technology 684, guru kashi university 382, gurukul kangri vishwavidyalaya 430, guru nanak dev university 2099, harcourt butler technical university 25, hemchandracharya north gujarat university 591, hemchand yadav vishwavidyalaya 78, hemwati nandan bahuguna garhwal university 974, himachal pradesh national law university 4, himachal pradesh university 3175, himalayan garhwal university 64, himalayan university 11, himgiri zee university 44, hindustan institute of technology and science 360, homi bhabha national institute 2697, homoeopathy university 26, icfai foundation for higher education, telangana 98, icfai university, dimapur nagaland 25, icfai university himachal pradesh 5, icfai university, jaipur 17, icfai university, jharkhand 45, icfai university, tripura 15, iec university 32, iftm university 312, iilm university, gurugram 14, iimt university, meerut 22, iis (deemed to be university) 454, i k gujral punjab technical university 876, ims unison university 15, indian institute of engineering science and technology, shibpur 450, indian institute of foreign trade 76, indian institute of information technology, allahabad 204, indian institute of information technology, design and manufacturing, iiitdm jabalpur 144, indian institute of information technology design & manufacturing kancheepuram 70, indian institute of information technology dharwad 2, indian institute of information technology guwahati 21, indian institute of information technology kalyani 9, indian institute of information technology nagpur 3, indian institute of informationtechnology, vadodara 1, indian institute of management ahmedabad 15, indian institute of management bangalore 47, indian institute of management (iim),indore 38, indian institute of management kashipur 21, indian institute of management kozhikode 27, indian institute of management lucknow 104, indian institute of management mumbai (formerly nitie) 72, indian institute of management raipur 47, indian institute of management rohtak 6, indian institute of management shillong 16, indian institute of management udaipur 1, indian institute of science bangalore 1476, indian institute of science education and research (iiser) bhopal 51, indian institute of science education and research (iiser) mohali 356, indian institute of science education and research (iiser) pune 521, indian institute of science education and research (iiser) thiruvananthapuram 211, indian institute of science education and research kolkata 105, indian institute of space science and technology 192, indian institute of teacher education 10, indian institute of technology bhilai 17, indian institute of technology bhubaneswar 76, indian institute of technology bombay 1755, indian institute of technology delhi 2702, indian institute of technology dharwad 9, indian institute of technology gandhinagar 39, indian institute of technology goa 3, indian institute of technology guwahati 2628, indian institute of technology hyderabad 290, indian institute of technology iit (bhu), varanasi 985, indian institute of technology indore 399, indian institute of technology (ism), dhanbad 1188, indian institute of technology jammu 24, indian institute of technology jodhpur 149, indian institute of technology kanpur 10, indian institute of technology kharagpur 990, indian institute of technology madras 1609, indian institute of technology mandi 274, indian institute of technology palakkad 16, indian institute of technology patna 148, indian institute of technology roorkee 534, indian institute of technology ropar 221, indian institute of technology tirupati 11, indian maritime university 1, indian school of mines 53, indian veterinary research institute, izatnagar 450, indira gandhi delhi technical university for women 59, indira gandhi institute of development research 106, indira gandhi national open university ignou 978, indira gandhi national tribal university, amarkantak 175, indira gandhi university meerpur,rewari 51, indira kala sangeet vishwavidyalaya 132, indraprastha institute of information technology, delhi (iiit-delhi) 145, indrashil university 10, indus international university 7, indus university 55, institute of advanced research, gandhinagar 16, institute of advanced studies in education (iase) 191, institute of chemical technnology, mumbai 107, institute of infrastructure technology research and management 38, institute of trans-disciplinary health science & technology 42, integral university 653, international institute for population sciences iips 366, international institute of information technology bangalore 66, international institute of information technology, hyderabad 210, international management institute 9, international management institute, bhubaneshwar 1, international management institute kolkata 2, invertis university, bareily 1, isbm university 1, isbr business school 1, islamic university of science and technology 53, itm university, gwalior 28, jadavpur university 4021, jagadguru ramanadacharya rajasthan sanskrit university 2, jagannath university 224, jagannath university, jhajjar 71, jagran lakecity university 33, jai narain vyas university 644, jain university 768, jain vishwa bharati university 246, jai prakash vishwavidyalaya 3, jaipur national university 361, jamia hamdard university 958, jamia milia islamia university 2568, janardan rai nagar rajasthan vidhyapeeth 1, jawaharlal nehru architecture and fine arts university 9, jawaharlal nehru centre for advanced scientific research 42, jawaharlal nehru krishi vishwavidyalaya, jabalpur 2, jawaharlal nehru technological university, anantapuram 1353, jawaharlal nehru technological university, hyderabad 1503, jawaharlal nehru technological university, kakinada 310, jawaharlal nehru university 8388, jayoti vidyapeeth women s university 388, jaypee institute of information technology 350, jaypee university of engineering & technology, guna 122, jaypee university of information technology, solan 283, j. c. bose university of science and technology, ymca, faridabad 67, jecrc university 89, jharkhand rai university 48, jis university, kolkata 31, jiwaji university 2380, jk lakshmipat university 24, jodhpur national university 2, jss academy of higher education & research 448, jss science and technology university, mysuru 26, j.s. university, shikohabad 29, junagadh agricultural university 1, kadi sarva vishwavidyalaya 626, kakatiya university, warangal 571, kalasalingam university 406, kalinga institute of social sciences (kiss) 13, kalinga university 239, kamdhenu university 8, kameshwara singh darbhanga sanskrit vishwavidyalaya, darbhanga 3, kannada university 101, kannur university 894, karnataka samskrit university 67, karnataka state law university 16, karnataka state open university 17, karnataka state womens university 308, karnataka veterinary, animal and fisheries sciences university 102, karnatak university 5204, karnavati university 18, karpagam university 299, karunya university 662, kavayitri bahinabai chaudhari north maharashtra university 1289, kavikulaguru kalidas sanskrit university 150, kazi nazrul university 31, kerala agricultural university 81, kerala university of health sciences 5, khwaja moinuddin chishti urdu, arabi-farsi university 16, kiit university 1138, king george medical university 21, kle technological university 20, kle university 210, kolhan university 33, koneru lakshmaiah education foundation 1029, krantiguru shyamji krishna verma kachchh university 124, krea university 4, krishna institute of medical sciences, deemed to be university karad 77, krishna kanta handiqui state open university 51, krishna university, machilipatnam 69, k.r. mangalam university, gurgaon 105, kumaun university 2084, kurukshetra university 1522, kushabhau thakre patrakarita avam jansanchar vishwavidyalaya 7, kuvempu university 1396, lakshmibai national university of physical education 229, lakulish yoga university 28, lalit narayan mithila university 6847, lingayas vidyapeeth 109, lnct university 150, lovely professional university 924, madan mohan malaviya university of technology 119, madhav university 253, madhyanchal professional university 4, madhya pradesh bhoj (open) university 9, madurai kamaraj university 6006, magadh university 59, mahapurusha srimanta sankaradeva viswavidyalaya 47, maharaja agrasen university 123, maharaja ganga singh university 2295, maharaja krishnakumarsinhji bhavnagar university 1506, maharaja ranjit singh punjab technical university 19, maharaja sayajirao university of baroda 4127, maharaja sriram chandra bhanja deo university 20, maharaja vinayak global university 128, maharana pratap university of agriculture and technology 169, maharashtra animal and fishery sciences university 17, maharashtra national law university nagpur 5, maharashtra university of health sciences 221, maharishi markandeshwar university, mullana 529, maharishi markandeshwar university, sadopur (ambala) 27, maharishi university of information technology 71, maharshi dayanand saraswati university 228, maharshi dayanand university 4726, mahatma gandhi antarrashtriya hindi vishwavidyalaya 255, mahatma gandhi chitrakoot gramodaya vishwavidyalaya 161, mahatma gandhi kashi vidyapith 4980, mahatma gandhi univeristy of medical sciences & technnology , jaipur 40, mahatma gandhi university 4006, mahatma gandhi university, nalgonda 24, mahatma jyotiba phule rohilkhand university 1695, makhanlal chaturvedi national university of journalism and communication, bhopal 22, malaviya national institute of technology jaipur 444, malwanchal university, indore 44, management development institute gurgaon 25, manav rachna international institute of research and studies 238, manav rachna university 64, mandsaur university 66, mangalayatan university 167, mangalore university 2057, manipal academy of higher education 1791, manipal university jaipur 351, manipur university 1864, manonmaniam sundaranar university 7616, martin luther christian university 44, marwadi university 25, mats university 136, maulana abul kalam azad university of technology 97, maulana azad national institute of technology bhopal 299, maulana azad national urdu university 424, m.b.m. university 20, medi caps university, indore 28, meenakshi academy of higher education and research 177, mewar university 421, mgm institute of health sciences 139, mica, ahmedabad 26, mit-adt university, pune 56, mizoram university 866, mody university of science and technology 122, mohammad ali jauhar university 6, mohan lal sukhadia university 1070, monad university 38, motherhood university 13, mother teresa womens university 1072, motilal nehru national institute of technology 607, m s ramaiah university of applied sciences 83, mvn university,palwal 71, nagaland university 559, narsee monjee institute of management studies 287, national brain research centre 97, national institute of educational planning and administration (niepa) 34, national institute of fashion technology delhi 30, national institute of food technology entrepreneurship and management - niftem (k)kundli 25, national institute of food technology entrepreneurship and management thanjavur (niftem-t) 32, national institute of pharmaceutical education and research, ahmedabad 31, national institute of pharmaceutical education and research, guwahati 23, national institute of pharmaceutical education and research, hajipur 11, national institute of pharmaceutical education and research, hyderabad 41, national institute of pharmaceutical education and research kolkata 14, national institute of pharmaceutical education and research, raebareli 6, national institute of technology agartala 186, national institute of technology andhra pradesh 0, national institute of technology arunachal pradesh 56, national institute of technology calicut 254, national institute of technology delhi 71, national institute of technology durgapur 160, national institute of technology goa 49, national institute of technology hamirpur 94, national institute of technology jamshedpur 154, national institute of technology karnataka 494, national institute of technology,kurukshetra 158, national institute of technology manipur 75, national institute of technology mizoram 34, national institute of technology nagaland 11, national institute of technology (nit) meghalaya 103, national institute of technology (nit), warangal 555, national institute of technology patna 376, national institute of technology puducherry 59, national institute of technology raipur 234, national institute of technology, rourkela 398, national institute of technology sikkim 29, national institute of technology silchar 69, national institute of technology srinagar 210, national institute of technology tiruchirappalli 234, national institute of technology uttarakhand 35, national law institute university, bhopal 8, national law school of india university 48, national law university and judicial academy, assam 9, national law university, delhi 37, national law university, odisha 16, national museum institute of hisotry of art conservation and musicology 2, national sanskrit university 56, nava nalanda mahavihara 1, navrachana university 27, nehru gram bharati university 171, netaji subhas open university 1, netaji subhas university of technology 9, niilm university 54, niit university 15, nims university rajasthan 360, nirma university 396, nirwan university jaipur 15, nitte university 94, noida international university 97, noorul islam centre for higher education 414, north-eastern hill university 2773, north eastern regional institute of science and technology (nerist) 111, odisha university of agriculture and technology 160, om sterling global university 140, o.p. jindal university 9, opjs university 21, oriental university 102, osmania university 1710, pacific university 2347, padmashree dr. d.y. patil vidyapeeth, navi mumbai 84, pandit deendayal petroleum university 184, pandit s. n. shukla university, shahdol 15, parul university 202, patna university 358, peoples university, bhopal 36, periyar maniammai university 157, periyar university 3342, pes university 24, p.k. university 28, pondicherry university 2661, poornima university 76, potti sreeramulu telugu university 1, p p savani university 3, pravara institute of medical sciences 47, presidency university 120, presidency university, karnataka 180, prist university 86, pt. ravishankar shukla university 2940, pt. sundarlal sharma open university bilaspur 250, punjab engineering college (deemed to be university) 60, punjabi university 3237, rabindra bharati university 428, rabindranath tagore university, bhopal 332, raffles university 20, raiganj university 194, rai university 293, rajasthan technical university, kota 162, rajiv gandhi institute of petroleum technology 37, rajiv gandhi national institute of youth development 7, rajiv gandhi national university of law punjab 36, rajiv gandhi proudyogiki vishwavidyalaya 696, rajiv gandhi university 681, rajmata vijayaraje scindia krishi vishwa vidyalaya, gwalior 4, rama devi womens university 13, ramakrishna mission vivekananda educational and research institute 222, ramakrishna mission vivekananda university 1, rama university, uttar pradesh 78, ramchandra chandravansi university 15, ranchi university 149, rani channamma university 138, rani durgavati vishwavidyalaya 356, rashtrasant tukadoji maharaj nagpur university 313, rashtriya raksha university 19, ravenshaw university 486, rayat bahra university, mohali 16, regional centre for biotechnology 1, renaissance university 26, reva university 219, rimt university 35, rkdf university 136, rkdf university ranchi 2, rk university 298, rnb global university 5, sabarmati university 10, sage university, indore 93, sai nath university 138, sambalpur university 1814, sam higginbottom institute of agriculture, technology and sciences 560, sampurnanand sanskrit vishwavidhyalaya 3, sanchi university of buddhist-indic studies, bhopal 6, sandip university 46, sangam university 70, sanjay gandhi post graduate institute of medical sciences, lucknow 12, sanjay ghodawat university 2, sankalchand patel university 63, sanskriti university 53, sant baba bhag singh university 38, sant gadge baba amravati university 3037, sant gahira guru vishwavidyalaya 1, sant longowal institute of engineering and technology 315, santosh deemed to be university 104, sardarkrushinagar dantiwada agricultural university 3, sardar patel university 3766, sardar vallabhbhai national institute of technology surat 411, sarvepalli radhakrishnan university 152, sastra university 569, satavahana university 12, sathyabama institute of science and technology 458, saurashtra university 3283, saveetha university 842, school of planning and architecture, bhopal 24, school of planning and architecture, new delhi 49, school of planning and architecture vijayawada 10, seacom skills university 160, sgt university 105, sharda university 244, sher-e-kashmir university of agricultural sciences and technology of jammu 154, shivaji university 5011, shiv nadar university 188, shobhit university, gangoh 31, shobhit university, meerut 166, shoolini university of biotechnology and management sciences 521, shree somnath sanskrit university 110, shri govind guru university 96, shri guru ram rai university 78, shri jagdishprasad jhabarmal tibarewala university 3676, shri khushal das university 144, shri lal bahadur shastri national sanskrit university 559, shri mata vaishno devi university 237, shri ramswaroop memorial university 157, shri rawatpura sarkar university 1, shri vaishnav vidyapeeth vishwavidyalaya 47, shri venkateshwara university, uttar pradesh 99, shyam university 18, siddharth university 7, sidho kanho birsha university 139, sido kanhu murmu university 21, sikkim manipal university 94, sikkim university 233, siksha "o" anusandhan university 568, singhania university 23, sir padampat singhania university 77, sister nivedita university 4, sndt womens university 1265, solapur university 270, south asian university 2, s. p. jain institute of management and research 5, sree sankaracharya university of sanskrit 723, sri balaji university, pune 4, sri balaji vidyapeeth 56, sri chandrasekharendra saraswathi viswa mahavidyalaya 417, sri devaraj urs academy of higher education and research 44, sri guru granth sahib world university 85, sri guru ram das university of health sciences 9, sri krishnadevaraya university 3434, srinivas university 21, sri padmavathi womens university 260, sri ramachandra institute of higher education and research 384, sri sai university 2, sri sathya sai institute of higher learning 110, sri satya sai university of technology & medical sciences 80, sri siddhartha academy of higher education 89, sri sri university 17, sri venkateswara institute of medical sciences 32, sri venkateswara university 5460, srm institute of science and technology 1661, srm university- ap 30, srm university, delhi-ncr, sonepat 83, sr university 1, starex university 16, st. joseph university, dimapur 21, st. peter’s institute of higher education and research 408, st. xaviers university, kolkata 1, sumandeep vidyapeeth deemed to be university 49, sunrise university 20, suresh gyan vihar university 398, sushant university (earlier ansal university) 59, swami rama himalayan university 22, swami ramanand teerth marathwada university 5684, swami vivekanad subharti university 224, swami vivekananda yoga anusandhana sansthana 145, swami vivekanand university 85, swarnim gujarat sports university 7, symbiosis international university 525, tamil nadu agricultural university 1423, tamil nadu dr. ambedkar law university 71, tamil nadu open university 54, tamilnadu physical education and sports university 262, tamil nadu teachers education university, chennai 203, tamil nadu veterinary and animal sciences university 79, tamil university 169, tantia university 402, tata institute of fundamental research 1032, tata institute of social sciences 600, techno india university 4, teerthanker mahaveer university 105, teri school of advanced studies 140, tezpur university 955, thapar institute of engineering and technology 1237, the assam kaziranga university 24, the assam royal global university 22, the charutar vidya mandal cvm university 9, the english & foreign languages university, hyderabad 823, the gandhigram rural institute 1401, the icfai university, dehradun 48, the iihmr university, jaipur 35, the indian law institute, new delhi 19, the lnm institute of information technology 35, the national academy of legal studies and research (nalsar) university of law 50, the national university of advanced legal studies 4, the neotia university 4, the northcap university 116, the tamil nadu dr. m.g.r. medical university 489, the university of burdwan 3198, the west bengal national university of juridical sciences 45, thiruvalluvar university 289, thunchath ezhuthachan malayalam university 16, tilak maharashtra vidyapeeth 916, tilka manjhi bhagalpur university 298, tripura university 488, tumkur university 313, uka tarsadia university 121, university of agricultural sciences, bangalore 458, university of agricultural sciences, dharwad 286, university of agricultural sciences, raichur 63, university of allahabad 2636, university of calicut 2311, university of delhi 5326, university of engineering and management, kolkata 17, university of gour banga 12, university of hyderabad 2792, university of jammu 1259, university of kalyani 3148, university of kashmir 2048, university of kerala 7521, university of kota 139, university of lucknow 6989, university of mysore 4421, university of north bengal 2072, university of patanjali 41, university of petroleum and energy studies (upes) 404, university of rajasthan 1810, university of science and technology, meghalaya 102, u.p. pt. deen dayal upadhyaya pashu chikitsa vigyan vishwavidhyalaya evam go anusandha sansthan 91, u p rajarshi tondon open university 336, usha martin university 21, utkal university 5715, uttarakhand open university 30, uttarakhand sanskrit university 57, uttarakhand technical university 281, uttaranchal university 81, vardhaman mahaveer open university, kota 23, v. b. s. purvanchal university 9329, veer kunwar singh university, arrah 32, veer narmad south gujarat university 3391, veer surendra sai university of technology 189, vellore institute of technology bhopal 16, vellore institute of technology, vellore 2296, vellore institute of technology (vit-ap) 97, vels university 1074, vel tech rangarajan dr. sagunthala r&d institute of science and technology 264, vidyasagar university 917, vignans foundation for science technology and research 224, vijayanagara sri krishnadevaraya university, bellary 133, vikram university 95, vinayaka missions research foundation 393, vinoba bhave university 279, vishwakarma university 30, visva-bharati 1709, visvesvaraya national institute of technology 343, visvesvaraya technological university, belagavi 1160, vivekananda global university 74, william carey university 3, world university of design 1, xim university 26, yashwantrao chavan maharashtra open university 335, ybn university 49, yenepoya (deemed to be university) 135, yogi vemana university 88, about shodhshuddhi.

Based on the recommendation of Sub-Committee, National Steering Committee (NSC) of e-ShodhSindhu, The Ministry of Education, Govt. of India has initiated a programme "ShodhShuddhi" which provides access to Plagiarism Detection Software (PDS) to all universities/Institutions in India since Sept 1, 2019 [Read More...]

Under this initiative, URKUND a Web Based Plagiarism Detection Software system is being provided to all users of universities/Intuitions in the country. This initiative is formally launched by Honorable Minister of HRD (now renamed as Minister of Education) on September 21, 2019

The INFLIBNET Centre receives numerous queries from Colleges regarding membership to Shodhganga and e-ShodhSindhu. Following clarifications are being provided in this regard: Read More.

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Synopses/mrps/pdfs/fellowships, universities contributing, universities+cftis/inis signed mou, prof devika p madalli, sh. manoj kumar k, general / technical query, antiplagiarism query.

The Shodhganga@INFLIBNET Centre provides a platform for research students to deposit their Ph.D. theses and make it available to the entire scholarly community in open access. The repository has the ability to capture, index, store, disseminate and preserve ETDs submitted by the researchers. [Read l]

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Commanders vs. Buccaneers Livestream: How to Watch NFL Week 1 Online Today

Want to watch the Tampa Bay Commanders play the Washington Buccaneers? Here's everything you need to stream Sunday's 4:25 p.m. ET game on Fox.

It's a fresh start for the downtrodden Washington Commanders, who enter the 2024 season with a new coaching staff and quarterback. The Commanders hired Dan Quinn as head coach, who spent the past few seasons as the defensive coordinator in Dallas. The team drafted Jayden Daniels with the second overall pick in this year's draft and named the Heisman Trophy winner as its starting quarterback to begin the season. 

The Buccaneers snuck into the playoffs last year and shocked the Eagles in the Wild Card round with a convincing road playoff win before falling to the Lions in the divisional round. Most of the roster returns, including quarterback Baker Mayfield and wideouts Mike Evans and Chris Goodwin.

The Commanders and Bucs kick off in Tampa at 4:25 p.m. ET (1:25 p.m. PT) on Fox . Here is how you can watch, even if the game isn't available on your local Fox channel.

Graham Barton #62 of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers looks on in the second half of a preseason NFL game against the Miami Dolphins at Raymond James Stadium on August 23, 2024 in Tampa, Florida.

Commanders vs. Buccaneers game today: When and where?

This matchup sees the Buccaneers host the Commanders at 4:25 p.m. ET (1:25 p.m. PT) on Sunday . The game will take place at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida, home of the Bucs.

How to watch the Commanders vs. Buccaneers game online from anywhere using a VPN

If you find yourself unable to view the game locally due to  incorrectly applied blackout restrictions , you may need a different way to watch the game and that's where using a VPN can come in handy. A VPN is also the best way to stop your ISP from throttling your speeds on game day by encrypting your traffic, plus it's a great idea for when you're traveling and find yourself connected to a Wi-Fi network, and you want to add an extra layer of privacy for your devices and logins. 

With a VPN, you're able to virtually change your location on your phone, tablet or laptop to get access to the game. So if your internet provider or mobile carrier has stuck you with an IP address that incorrectly shows your location in a blackout zone, a VPN can correct that problem by giving you an IP address in your correct, nonblackout area. Most VPNs, like our  Editors' Choice, ExpressVPN , make it really easy to do this. 

Using a VPN to watch or stream sports is legal in any country where VPNs are legal, including the US and Canada, as long as you've got a legitimate subscription to the service you're streaming. You should be sure your VPN is set up correctly to prevent leaks: Even where VPNs are legal, the streaming service may terminate the account of anyone it deems to be circumventing correctly applied blackout restrictions. 

Looking for other options? Be sure to check out some of the other great  VPN deals  taking place right now. 

Best VPN for streaming

ExpressVPN is  our current best VPN pick  for people who want a reliable and safe VPN, and it works on a variety of devices. It's normally $13 a month, but if you sign up for an annual subscription for $100 you'll get three months free and save 49%. That's the equivalent of $6.67 a month with code  SPECIALDEAL , which should be automatically applied.

Note that ExpressVPN offers a 30-day money-back guarantee.

How to watch Commanders vs. Buccaneers in the US

Sunday's Commanders vs. Buccaneers game is on Fox nationally. The good news for football fans is that Fox is available on most of the major  live TV streaming services . The least expensive such service is Sling TV Blue. 

Sling TV Blue: $45 (in some markets $40)

Carries new york in dallas (kxas).

Sling TV's Blue plan includes NBC, Fox and the NFL Network, though it does not have CBS, ABC or ESPN. Enter your address  here  to see which local channels are available where you live. NFL RedZone is also available for an extra $11 a month.

Note that to get ABC and ESPN, you'll need to switch to the similarly priced Orange plan (which drops Fox, NBC and NFL Network) or go for the combined $60 a month Orange and Blue bundle that includes channels from both packages. With the combined plan, the Sports Extra add-on, which has RedZone, is an extra $15 a month. 

One important caveat: In our experience, Fox local affiliates will only be available if your billing address is in one of the  18 metropolitan areas covered in Sling's agreement . If you're outside of one of these areas, you're probably better off going with one of the alternate services listed below. 

Numerous other live TV streaming services carry local Fox stations as well, namely YouTube TV, Hulu Plus Live TV, DirecTV Stream and Fubo. They all cost far more than Sling, but they also carry a full complement of live channels, including football broadcasting channels like CBS and ESPN. Check out our  live TV streaming services guide  for details.

Carries Fox for $73 a month

For $73 a month, you'll get all the major football channels with YouTube TV. Plus, RedZone is available for an extra $11 per month. Plug in your ZIP code on YouTube TV's  welcome page  to see which local networks are available in your area.

Carries Fox

Fubo costs at least $92 per month when you factor in the  RSN fees it charges , which you don't need for NFL games but must pay for anyway. Fubo's base plan costs $80 but it charges an extra $12 a month if you get one RSN or $15 a month if you have two or more in your area. RedZone is available for an extra $11 per month, and you can get 4K broadcasts with its $90-a-month Elite plan. It's worth noting that Fubo has recently introduced a new $30 off for the first month offer for its Pro, Elite With Sports Plus and Deluxe plans.   Click here  to see which local channels you get in your region with Fubo.  Read our Fubo review . 

Hulu Plus Live TV

Carries fox for $77 a month.

Hulu Plus Live TV costs $77 a month and includes Fox in most markets. On its live news page , you can enter your ZIP code under the "Can I watch local news in my area?" question at the bottom of the page to see which local channels you get. Read our Hulu with Live TV review . It's worth noting that it's price is set to jump to $83 per month in October .

DirecTV Stream

Carries fox for $80 a month.

DirecTV Stream's basic $80-a-month Entertainment package includes Fox in most markets. You can use its channel lookup tool to see which local channels are available where you live. Read our DirecTV Stream review .

All the live TV streaming services above offer free trials, allow you to cancel anytime and require a solid internet connection. Looking for more information? Check out our  live TV streaming services guide . 

An over-the-air antenna connected to your TV provides another option for Fox. The best part about antennas is that there are no streaming or monthly fees required, although you will need to make sure you  have good reception .

Quick tips for streaming the Commanders vs. Buccaneers game using a VPN 

• With four variables at play -- your ISP, browser, video streaming provider and VPN -- experience and success may vary. 
• If you don't see your desired location as a default option for ExpressVPN, try using the "search for city or country" option.
• If you're having trouble getting the game after you've turned on your VPN and set it to the correct viewing area, there are two things you can try for a quick fix. First, log into your streaming service subscription account and make sure the address registered for the account is an address in the correct viewing area. If not, you may need to change the physical address on file with your account. Second, some smart TVs -- like Roku -- don't have VPN apps you can install directly on the device itself. Instead, you'll have to install the VPN on your router or the mobile hotspot you're using (like your phone) so that any device on its Wi-Fi network now appears in the correct viewing location.
• All of the VPN providers we recommend have helpful instructions on their main site for quickly installing the VPN on your router. In some cases with smart TV services, after you install a cable network's sports app, you'll be asked to verify a numeric code or click a link sent to your email address on file for your smart TV. This is where having a VPN on your router will also help, since both devices will appear to be in the correct location. 
• And remember, browsers can often give away a location despite using a VPN, so be sure you're using a privacy-first browser to log into your services. We normally recommend  Brave .

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