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Essay Paper UPSC 2023 (Mains) Question Paper and Analysis

Last updated on September 27, 2023 by ClearIAS Team

Essay Paper UPSC 2023 (Mains) Question Paper and Analysis

UPSC conducted the Civil Service Mains exam for essay paper on 15 September 2023.

The CSE mains essay paper comprises two sections. Each section contains 4 essay topics. Out of which 2 topics of choice from each section need to be picked.

Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000-1200 words for each essay.

Table of Contents

UPSC CSE Essay Paper 2023 Instructions

General instructions mentioned on the essay paper, that need to be followed by every aspirant are provided here.

  • Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
  • The essay must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
  • No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
  • Word limit, as specified, should be adhered to.
  • Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.

Essay Question Paper: UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2023

The question paper of the UPSC CSE mains essay paper is provided here.

Write  two  essays, choosing  one  topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

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1: Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

2: Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

3: Not all who wander are lost.

4: Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.

5: Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines.

6: Mathematics is the music of reasons.

7: A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.

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8: Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023: Exam Analysis

The essay topics for the UPSC Civil Services Main Exam in 2023 were intellectually demanding and philosophical in nature.

They required candidates to engage in deep critical thinking and present their thoughts logically.

All the questions in this year’s paper aimed at assessing the candidates’ ability to handle abstract concepts and express their ideas effectively in a structured manner.

This year’s essay topics look like that UPSC has taken inspiration from a wide range of sources, including philosophical and literary works.

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team

This topic seems to revolve around the idea that critical thinking often emerges in response to opposing viewpoints or challenges.

Candidates may have been asked to explore how the clash of ideas leads to innovation and progress.

Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

This famous saying belongs to Paul O’Brien.

This statement likely prompted candidates to discuss the balance between intuition and rationality in making important decisions.

It encourages a reflection on the role of both factors in effective leadership and problem-solving

Not all who wander are lost

This saying belongs to J.R.R. Tolkien,  The Fellowship of the Ring.

The topic expected from candidates to think about how exploring and being spontaneous in life’s journey can be really good.

It’s a deep topic that can be understood in many different ways.

Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

This essay topic appears to emphasize the idea that creativity is not limited to rare moments of inspiration but can be found in everyday experiences.

It probably asked people to think about where creativity comes from and how we can express it in our daily lives.

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines

This is the saying of Simone de Beauvoir

Simone de Beauvoir was a prominent French existentialist philosopher and feminist thinker. She made significant contributions to feminist philosophy through her work, including “The Second Sex,” where she discussed the concept of “The Other” and examined the role of societal expectations in shaping women’s lives.

The quote by Simone de Beauvoir presented the idea that both girls and boys or individuals of different genders, often face distinct but equally harmful forms of societal pressures and constraints.

It suggests that expectations placed on girls (referred to as “restrictions”) and boys (referred to as “demands”) can be damaging and limit their potential.

Mathematics is the music of reasons

The complete saying of James Joseph Sylvester is that mathematics is the music of reason. May not music be described as the mathematics of the sense, mathematics as music of the reason? The musician feels mathematics, the mathematician thinks music: music the dream, mathematics the working life.”

This statement suggests a poetic connection between mathematics and music. Candidates likely had to discuss the beauty and logic inherent in mathematics and its role in shaping our understanding of the world.

A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

This topic seems to touch upon the ideas of social justice and charity, which have been discussed by philosophers like John Rawls and the concept of the “veil of ignorance.”

Candidates may have been asked to explore the relationship between justice, equality, and philanthropy in society.

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school –  Albert Einstein .

This essay topic likely demands from candidates to reflect on the value of education beyond rote memorization.

It may have expect discussion on the practical application of knowledge and lifelong learning.

What Should Aspirants Preparing for UPSC CSE for Next Year do for an essay paper?

Taking the essay paper in the UPSC exam seriously is important. This paper requires you to write 10-12 pages about abstract or philosophical topics, which can be challenging if you’re not well-prepared.

To succeed in this exam and perform well in the essay paper, you should work on improving your comprehension and analytical skills. To get additional guidance you can join the ClearIAS essay writing program as well.

One helpful way to prepare is by reading various types of essays, especially philosophical ones. Pay special attention to the ideas of famous philosophers like Immanuel Kant, Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx, and others.

Practice writing essays based on famous quotes, as this is a common format in UPSC exams.

Additionally, be ready to write essays on a wide range of topics, including society, politics, the economy, and technology. UPSC asks such types of questions too.

Keep in mind that there isn’t a fixed pattern for UPSC questions. Analyze previous year’s question papers to get valuable insight. So, focus on understanding the way UPSC frames questions rather than expecting a consistent trend.

Related Posts

  • Essay Course for UPSC CSE – The Art of Essay Writing
  • ClearIAS launches Essay Writing Course for UPSC
  • 10 Common Essay Writing Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis, Check PDF Download Link_1.1

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis, Check PDF Download Link

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has administered the CSE Mains 2023 Essay Paper on September 15. Download PDF and Check the UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis of question here.

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Table of Contents

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis

The UPSC Essay Paper is an important component that evaluates candidates’ knowledge as well as their ability to clearly and simply express concepts. This analysis explores the subtleties of this exam section, revealing trends, approaches, and ideas for future civil employees. The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducted the IAS Mains 2023 Essay Paper on September 15, 2023. Check here UPSC Essay Paper 2023 detailed analysis below with proper model answers.

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 PDF

The Essay Paper of UPSC Mains 2023 is available in PDF format. The exam was successfully administered by UPSC at Forenoon on September 15, 2023. 9:00 AM – 12:00 PM, session. The UPSC Essay Paper is of  250 Marks. Candidates can check the UPSC Essay Paper 2023 PDF Link below

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Questions

The questions asked in the UPSC Essay paper 2023 have been mentioned below:

  • Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
  • Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
  • Not all who wander are lost
  • Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane
  • Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines
  • Mathematics is the music of reason
  • A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity
  • Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in the school

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section A

Check here 4 questions of a UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section A.

Essay section A

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section B

Check here 4 questions of a UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section B.

Essay Section B

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Detailed Discussion Question-wise

Check the Question-Wise detailed discussion on UPSC Essay Paper 2023 below:

1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

Approach : 

  • Thinking as a human nature.
  • Features of thinking as a GAME – connecting thinking to a game.
  • Game is based on competition. 
  • Various dimensions to connect

Thesis – Thinking (like a game)  begins with a competition (it can be opposite views, adversary conditions/Challenges.

Philosophical basis : Hegels idea of dialectics.

Meaning/Context:  

  • Thinking  in simple terms is  a  problem-solving activity.
  •  pondering or reflecting on something. 
  • Analysing and evaluating options
  • Goal-directed behaviour. 
  • From choosing a dress to wear to solving a mathematical problem, all activities involve thinking.

Historical Examples:

  • Ancient : To protect from animal attacks and other dangers , humans started to live in bands–thats the basis of community/society.
  • Modern: Masses of Indian -sub-continent as a united against the oppressive policies of the British in the National Movement.

Examples from Different Dimensions

  • Individual : In day to day life of individual, its the competition that drives our thinking from simple decisions like chosing a dress to major decisions like deciding on the careers.
  • Societal : Ex: Social reforms in Hindu society were initiated through Arya Samaj due to the fear of westernisation and threat of conversions.
  • Political : Fear of opposition from rival political parties  in the Parliament checks the misuse of  power by the incumbent government. (or) Presence of multiple political parties and their debates during the election campaigns ignites the thinking of the common man towards the major issues.
  • Ex: Presence of multiple competitors in the telecom sector resulted in faster adoption of 4g technology in India.
  • Governance : Competitive fedaralism by NITI Aayog giving best outputs,
  • Environmental : Modern Environmentalism started due to the opposition to industrial revolution.
  • International Relations :   Countries’ goal to  become superpower makes them to adher to the principles of peace.
  • Other examples – Covid, globalization 

Anti-Thesis : Thinking does not always require Competition to begin.

  • Thinking can also happen by chance without any goal –For ex: it can happen through curiosity–Example: Newtons’ discovery of gravity, Human discovery of fire etc.
  • Destructive thinking: Hitler

2. Visionary decision making happen at the intersection of intuition and logic

  • Decision making in everyday life – basis of human survival. E.g. Evolution of Humans from apes and role of decision making
  • Role of Intuition in decision making ( Navigating Ambiguity, Intuition is a source of creativity, as are innovation,​​ Making social and interpersonal decisions, Risk assessment: Personal Values and Ethics )
  • Logic as assistance in decision making ( Identifying Relevant Information, Analyzing Options, Consistency, Problem Solving)
  • Requirement of both intuition and logic for visionary decision.
  • How to develop intuition and logic and balance them for visionary decision making. 

Thesis: Visionary decision possible at intersection. 

Examples and Arguments: 

  • Innovation and creativity – Steve Jobs’ visionary choice to create the iPhone –  result of his creative vision and intuition about what consumers needed.
  • Financial innovations in the form of UPI – logic made it difficult as financial transactions were already happening, but intuitive ness about its adoption was the major factor for its success.
  • Risk-taking: Elon Musk’s visionary choice to use SpaceX – intuition about the significance of extraterrestrial colonisation drove him to take the risk despite logic’s assertions to the contrary.
  • Long-Term Perspective: Mahatma Gandhi had a brilliant idea to use nonviolent resistance – while logic might have suggested a more combative strategy, his gut feeling about the long-term advantages of nonviolence and unity resulted in a historic change.
  • Human and societal factors: requires knowledge of societal dynamics, human behaviour, and values. E.g. A doctor may have logical medical data but also needs to consider the patient’s emotional state and unique circumstances .
  • Transcending Conventions: Visionary choices go against accepted beliefs and norms. Nelson Mandela’s visionary choice to seek out forgiveness and reconciliation in South Africa after the end of apartheid.

More examples –

  • Watson and Crick’s Discovery of DNA’s Structure.
  • Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin.
  • Alfred Wegener’s intuition about continents drifting led to the plate tectonics theory and logic through dscoveries of fossils.
  • Charles Darwin’s intuition about natural selection and the evolution of species led to his groundbreaking work, “On the Origin of Species.”
  • Franklin D. Roosevelt – The New Deal: FDR’s intuition led him to understand the desperation and suffering caused by the Great Depression. The New Deal was a well-thought-out set of policies aimed at reviving the economy through public works projects, banking reforms, and social programs.

Anti Thesis: Why intuition and logic alone are not sufficient to achieve it.

Challenges and Pitfalls: Potential challenges of relying too heavily on intuition or logic in visionary decision making.

  • Over Reliance on logic: Nokia’s Missed Smartphone Revolution – Over Reliance on logic can lead to a reluctance to embrace disruptive innovations. Fall of Kodak cameras.
  • Over Reliance on intuition: Elizabeth Holmes, the founder of Theranos, had a vision to revolutionize blood testing. Holmes ignored red flags and critical feedback, ultimately undermining the company’s credibility . Also – 2008 economic crisis, NASA’s Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986 was partially attributed to a decision made based on intuition  
  • Importance of self-awareness in decision-makers: Balancing intuition and logic is crucial in visionary decision-making. Self-awareness is the key to achieving this balance.

How to develop intuition and logic and balancing them for visionary decision making:

  • Cultivate Intuition: Self-Reflection, Trust Your Gut, Embrace Creativity, Mindfulness and Meditation etc.
  • Develop Logical Thinking: Analytical Exercises, Data Analysis, Scenario Planning
  • Balancing Intuition and Logic: Collaborate, Feedback Loops, Continuous Learning

Conclusion: Visionary decision-making resulted from the harmonious interplay of intuition and logic. Intuition provided the overarching purpose and direction, while logic offered the means to translate those visionary goals into practical, achievable outcomes. – “Intuition alone can be a powerful guiding force, but logic is the tool that transforms vision into reality.”

3. Not all who wander are lost

  • Introduction with anecdote
  • Arguments on essence of wandering – Integrating examples
  • Counter viewpoints
  • Pre-conclusion – Administrative dimension – Need of balancing wandering with clarity of purpose

Introduction – Story of Siddhartha Gautama/ Columbus’ quest of exploring the unknown

The topic reflects the idea that those who may appear lost or aimless may, in fact, be on a heroic quest . This perspective challenges preconceived notions and encourages us to look beyond appearances.

Essence of Wandering 

  • Leads to exploration – Societal level, Individual introspection (Linking this with introductory story of Gautam Buddha)
  • Personal growth and self-discovery (Introspection leads to critical thinking, we understand why one behaves in a certain way). Example – Philosophy of Tao 
  • Quest for knowledge (Such deep wandering into the psyche of oneself and others may lead to gaining significant knowledge). Ex – Ferdinand Magellan discovery of the nature of Earth surface. 
  • Creativity and innovation (Insights and knowledge acquired through wandering may lead to creativity and innovation) Thomas Alva Edison
  • Breaking free from conformity (Innovation/Creativity will challenge deep seated stereotypes and prejudices and in turn lead to breaking the conformity bias) 
  • Struggling for change/reform –  Cuba cost effective health care and education despite being wandering with revolutions and system of government 

Embracing uncertainty/Resisting the fear of unknown

It suggests that not having a fixed destination can be liberating, allowing us to adapt to the unexpected and be open to new experiences. This is particularly relevant in a rapidly changing world where flexibility and adaptability are highly valued.

Movements for social justice – LGBTQIA+, Environment, Women Empowerment, Caste equality movements.

Counter viewpoint  

Survivorship bias

  • Bias for those who do not get lost after wandering – but what about those who have / will lose after wandering?

Potential for Wasted Time :

  • Wandering without a purpose or goal can lead to a significant amount of time and resources being spent without tangible results. 
  • In certain contexts, such as education or career planning, meandering aimlessly may result in missed opportunities or delayed achievements.

Risk of Disconnection

Individuals who prioritise aimless exploration over obligations to family, work, or community may find themselves isolated or struggling to meet their obligations.

Pre conclusion remarks – Linkage with Indian administration – 

How wandering in the realm of bureaucratic rigidities led to the loss of purpose (welfare state). However, the decision to explore the path of “Digital world” has made governance citizen-centric. Balancing the wandering/exploration with clarity of purpose is paramount to achieve the dreams of AMRIT KAAL.

“Not all who wander are lost” invites us to navigate the complexities of life with an open heart and a curious mind, to embrace uncertainty and spontaneity, and to recognize that even those who appear to be wandering aimlessly may be on profound journeys of self-discovery and growth. It is an intellectual call to balance the pursuit of goals and the pursuit of wisdom, acknowledging that both are valuable and, at times, intertwined in the tapestry of human existence.

4. Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

  • Idea of creativity and basis for inspiration
  • Creativity thrives when we uncover the extraordinary within the ordinary—finding magic in the mundane.
  • This drives innovation across art, science, and technology, spurring personal growth, solving everyday problems, and shaping history.
  • It serves as a catalyst for progress and enriches the human experience.

Anecdote for Introduction

Walking on the sand – taking a stroll on a beach, same sand – Silicon – semiconductors , Uranium – nuclear weapons/energy.

Thesis: Creativity is the spark that ignites our imagination, enabling us to see the extraordinary in the ordinary.  What fuels this inexhaustible well of creativity?

It is the ability to see the extraordinary within the ordinary, to find the magical in the mundane. 

It reminds us that the world is full of wonder waiting to be discovered, even in the most ordinary of circumstances.

Dimensions:

  • Art and Aesthetics

Vincent van Gogh’s “Starry Night.” 

Artists take commonplace objects, scenes, and emotions and elevate them to the realm of the extraordinary. 

  • Startups and small businesses
  • Companies like Uber and Airbnb turned everyday tasks like transportation and lodging into magical, on-demand experiences, revolutionizing their respective sectors.
  • The “Dabbawalas” of Mumbai , who efficiently deliver home-cooked lunches to workers across the city.
  • Science and Innovation
  • Think of Isaac Newton’s observation of an apple falling from a tree, which led to his groundbreaking insights into gravity.
  • Consider Iphones ( Steve Jobs) , initially designed for communication but now integral to our lives, connecting us to an expansive digital world.
  • Economy/Finance
  • UPI Payments – brining financial revolution – from McDonalds to Street vendors
  • Energy Security
  • Renewable energy – like Solar – tapping the potential of Sun 
  • Biofuels – driving vehicles with cleaner, simple fuels 
  • Administrative Innovation : Bureaucrats using simple /mundane solutions for fixing societal issues.
  • Armstrong Palme – People’s Road
  • Operation Sulaimani – Prashant Nair – ‘’Compassionate Kozhikode’ – hunger and food security
  • Problem Solving/ Challenges

Consider a chef in a bustling restaurant kitchen. They take ordinary ingredients—flour, water, and yeast—and transform them into the magical delight of freshly baked bread.

  • On a personal level, seeking the magical in the mundane is a pathway to self-discovery and personal growth. The daily routines and tasks of life may seem routine, but they can be opportunities for mindfulness and reflection. 

Antithesis /Alternate Perspective

  • AI usage – killing creativity – only some will use AI for creativity but for the majority, creativity will get killed.
  • Specific class of intellectuals – Gramsci’s Manufacturing Consent 
  • Circumstances for thinking – societal norms controlling mind – reducing innovation

Conclusion:

  • Embracing the idea that inspiration can be found in everyday experiences is crucial for fostering innovation and ensuring a brighter, more imaginative future. 
  • As we navigate the complexities of our ever-changing world, let us remember that even the most ordinary of things can hold the spark of creativity and the potential for magic.
  • The magic is not just out there; it’s within us, waiting to be uncovered in the world around us.

5. Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines

Introduction

  • Breaking down the first part- Girls are weighed down by restrictions
  • Breaking down the second part – Boys are weighed down with demands
  • Why such a scenario
  • Multidimensional Impact of these harmful disciplines – Family level, society, nation, Political, economical, etc.
  • Are these two disciplines equally harmful?

Countering these harmful disciplines

  • India, a nation heralded for its rich cultural heritage and a history spanning millennia , is also a place where gender disparities have endured for generations. 
  • The intricate web of expectations placed upon girls, often characterised by social, familial, and cultural restrictions, can inhibit their aspirations, education, and personal freedoms. 
  • Simultaneously, boys face the weight of societal demands that prescribe specific notions of masculinity, often emphasising stoicism, competitiveness, and emotional restraint

Girls are weighed down by restrictions

  • Traditional gender roles and expectations may dictate that girls should prioritise domestic responsibilities over personal aspirations, conform to rigid standards of beauty and behaviour , and shy away from traditionally male-dominated fields. 
  • Emotional: Cannot express anger /aggressiveness–only love, empathy, care etc. are acceptable. 
  • Family and Marriage:   Patriarchy; Restrictions on choosing life partner; child birth  etc.
  • Career: Restrictions on  taking up professions like Mechanical Engineering , Combat role in Army etc. ( Gender ceiling ; Pink collared jobs etc.)
  • Economy: Restrictions/ non-inclusion /no independence  in major  financial decisions.
  • Consequences : These restrictions can stifle their ambitions, self-expression, and personal growth.

Boys with demands

  • Boys often grapple with societal demands that pressure them to conform to notions of masculinity that may not align with their authentic selves. 
  • Emotional : Boys are not supposed to cry even in bitter conditions.
  • Clothes : Colours and style as set up the society Ex: Pink is almost not acceptable
  • Physical : Physical Strength
  • Relationship :  Not to show equality towards spouse
  • Marriage: Taking Dowry 
  • Career :  Towards  Engineering, Army, Police etc.
  • Economy: To bear the financial burden of the entire family
  • Culture: To carry out the legacy of family
  • Consequences : These demands may include suppressing emotions, pursuing aggressive behaviours, and demonstrating dominance. The pressure to meet these demands can lead to emotional repression, mental health issues, and a perpetuation of harmful stereotypes about masculinity.

Why? – Social norms, Perpetuation of stereotypes through social interactions, misinterpretation of religious texts, popular culture, cinema, etc.

Impact of these two harmful disciplines: 

  • Limiting Personal Growth
  • Impeding social progress – Not conducive for national development
  • Non inclusive society

Are the two disciplines equally harmful or not? 

  • Arguments in favour
  • Reinforces Gender stereotypes – limits individual freedom and self expression 
  • Adversely impacts emotional well being .
  • Perpetuates gender inequality and disturbs social peace–Men Vs. Women debate will continue.
  • Limits life choices thereby repressing personal autonomy and Individual freedom 
  • Arguments against
  • Biological limitations:  Physical strength is a natural fact. Therefore, such limitations may not be harmful for certain segments.
  • Cultural limitations:  To preserve the culture to bind together the families through division of work and responsibilities.
  • Societal Limitations: Society is not yet matured enough to accept breaking the gender roles and stereotypes.
  • Infrastructural Limitations: Ex:  Lack of Toilets and other necessary infrastructure for women is an issue to recruit women in combat roles in the army.
  • More harmful to girls than boys as boys through demands at least get opportunities. However such opportunities are denied to girls due to restrictions.

Breaking barriers and building the nation – Countering the two harmful disciplines.

Conclusion: 

  • There are examples of women breaking their restrictions. Ex- Kiran Bedi
  • Matrelinial societies build on breaking restrictions.
  • Husbands also contributing in breaking limitations. Ex – division of house work.

6. Mathematics is the ‘music of reason’

  • Similarity between Maths and Music 
  • Linkage between Maths and Reason 
  • Why Maths is considered as the ‘Music of Reason’
  • Way Ahead – Steps which can be taken to build Passion for Maths among young people

Similarity between Maths and Music

Similar to Music, to do mathematics is to engage in an act of

  • Discovery of Pythagorous 
  • Ex Srinivisa Ramanujan contribution to pure mathematics, without any formal knowledge, which led to many discoveries. 
  • His last notebooks just before his death caused excitement among Mathmaticians 
  • Aryabhatta discovery of zero
  • to be in a state of confusion— Do not know what your creation can lead to
  • Newton contributions in calculus, technology of telescope etc and how it helped in Modern Physics
  • Recent research, in which Math models were used to gain new insight on how breast cancer metastasizes.
  • to be frustrated as an artist; 
  • to be awed and overwhelmed by an almost painful beauty; to be alive, damn it.”

Linkage b/w Maths and Reason

  • Mathematics is often described as a discipline rooted in pure reason. While it is influenced by empirical observations and practical applications, it is ultimately built on a foundation of abstract reasoning and logical deduction.

Reason why Mathematics is considered the ‘Music of Reason’

Requires Passion 

Continuous pursuit of Knowledge

Can lead to collaborations for greater good 

Inculcates logical Thinking and Reason 

Results in creation which stand the test of time

  • Provides Harmony in patterns – music of reason because it emphasized beauty of patterns, symmetry and harmony. 
  • Mathematical concepts underpin various technological advancement.  
  • Mathematical equation and concepts reveal the inherent order in the Universe. 
  • Transcends cultural and linguistic barriers → Universal language Understood by scientist, engineering and Finance
  • International collaboration in the above field takes place. 
  • Cultivates Problem solving skills and logical thinking → Helps tackle real world problems. 
  • Cultivates Reason → Valuable in decision making 
  • Forms the basis of artificial intelligence, cryptography and data science etc.
  • Ancient times – Jantar Mantar, 
  • Add examples – 
  • Economic Significance → Role played by Maths in economics finance, resource allocation etc. 
  • for example calculus is used to determine the rate of speed required for the spaceship to successfully reach space from the Earth. 
  • India’s achievements in space exploration, especially Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan), Chandrayaan 3 mission which was celebrated for its cost-effectiveness and precision in trajectory calculations, demonstrating the role of mathematics in space endeavours.
  • Educational and Skill development  → Provides Individuals with analytical skills and problem solving → example of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) will help develop future professionals. 
  • Interdisciplinary Connections: Intersects with various other disciplines such as Computer Science, economics and Social Science. Thus, helps with Interdisciplinary research to provide Innovative solutions to the problems 

Way Ahead – Change in culture to make Maths be seen as an artistic pursuit

  • Talk about why Maths should be taken as an intellectually engaged, artistic pursuits. 
  • Take Maths as a a tool for collaboration (Similar to Music where artists collaborate example of collaboration in field of Space), persistence (similar to music work towards persistently finding new algorithms etc.), growth mindset (offer praise, nurturing the passion for Maths among student), Make students love Maths (stop the culture of hating Maths etc.) 

7. A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

  • Meaning/Context  : A just society is one that strives to eliminate the root causes of inequality and suffering , thereby reducing the need for charitable assistance.
  • Idea of Justice
  • Historical dimension
  • Interplay of Justice and Charity through multiple layers of society
  • Significance of charity in today’s society

Historical Dimension 

  • Concept of charity started when social justice took a backseat with caste and gender divisions–charity in fact shows the inequalities in society (where rich are able to donate to poor).

Different Dimensions of Society

  • Ex: Stephen Hawking’s disability did not let him to depend on charity.
  • Community :  Historically Disadvantaged sections of Indian society like SC/STs- were ensured with  social justice through affirmative action in the constitution.
  • Subnational level : Hilly and tribal regions are provided with special provisions  in the constitution. (Fifth and Six Schedule )
  • Social Justice has no room for freebies in elections , farm loan waivers etc. 
  • World :   Inclusion of African Union to G20–African nations need no charity but chances for opportunities for growth.

Significance of  Charity in Current Times 

  • Historical injustices have perpetuated inequalities in the society in the form of caste class, gender , religion etc.— constitution ensures social justice to these sections– but it will take a long time to correct these (even though progress has been significant) -hence charity (from individuals. Corporates and institutions) provide support to the desired sections of population to a certain extent.
  • Global North vs Global South
  • Impact of Climate Change – Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR) 
  • Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) – balancing profits with the social needs.

Conclusion : The ultimate goal of society is to reduce  the need for charity.

8. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in the school

  • Meaning of Education and significance for humans.
  • Role of learning: Learning is a process which results in a more or less permanent modification of behaviour as a result of practice or experience.
  • Distinguish between education and schooling/learning → Only positive or desirable learning contributes to the process of education while negative or undesirable learning is not considered a part of education.
  • The Importance of Lifelong Learning and how education inculcates this.

Meaning/Context 

  • Education has different contextual meaning – the economist would see education as a commodity in which it is profitable for the community to invest. Sociologists would tell people that education is a socializing force, Education as a Spiritual Pursuit: According to the Upanishads, “Education is that whose end product is salvation”
  • Nevertheless, education is there in all of the above and each one is linked to the process of education, yet it lies above all these.
  • It is believed that education should prepare individuals for active participation in a democratic society.

Historical Dimension

  • Education is derived from  – “Educare”, which refers to “to bring up’ or “to nourish”.
  • In India, the concept of education is traced back to the “Gurukula Parampara” which developed in ancient times.

Distinguish between education and schooling/learning

  • Value system/ wisdom comes from experience while learning teaches academic knowledge and information. Example –  only after seeing pain, death and suffering  Siddhartha became Buddha.  
  • True education extends beyond memorization and tests, leaving a lasting imprint on an individual’s character, values, and ability to navigate the complexities of life. E.g. NEP fosters foundational learning away from rote learning.
  • Education exposes individuals to diverse cultures, histories, and perspectives, nurturing cultural and social awareness. This understanding promotes tolerance, inclusivity, and the ability to thrive in a globalized world. 

The success of renowned entrepreneurs like Steve Jobs and Bill Gates, who dropped out of college, highlights how the problem-solving skills and innovative thinking acquired in their educational journey laid the foundation for their groundbreaking careers.

The Importance of Lifelong Learning and how education inculcates this?

  • Adaptation to Change : In a rapidly changing world.
  • Personal Growth : Lifelong learning fosters personal growth and self-improvement.
  • Career Advancement : Lifelong learners are often more competitive in the job market. 
  • Problem Solving : Lifelong learning enhances critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.
  • Cognitive Health : Continuous learning helps maintain cognitive health and may delay cognitive decline associated with aging. 
  • Increased Confidence : Acquiring new knowledge and skills boosts self-confidence and self-esteem. 
  • Enhanced Communication : Lifelong learning can improve communication skills, including written and verbal communication.
  • Social Engagement : Lifelong learners often engage in social activities related to their interests, fostering connections and a sense of belonging within communities of learners.
  • Innovation and Creativity : Exposure to diverse ideas and experiences through lifelong learning can inspire innovation and creativity.

Way Forward: John Dewey’s 7 principles: Experiential Learning, Child-Centered Education , Learning by Doing, Integration of Subjects, Democratic Education, Continuous Learning, Problem-Centered Curriculum, Social Interaction.

Conclusion: Aristotle advocated for a balanced education that included the cultivation of moral virtues, intellectual virtues, and practical skills.  In essence, education endures as a beacon that guides individuals throughout their lives, illuminating the path toward personal growth, societal progress, and the betterment of humanity as a whole.

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis FAQs

What are the rules for writing essay in upsc.

Candidates have to select a topic from each section and write about it in 1,000 to 2,000 words within the given time of three hours.

How to score good marks in essay UPSC?

Here are a few tips to help you achieve this score: - Understand the essay topic: Read the topic carefully and analyze its various dimensions. Develop a clear understanding of what the essay demands. - Plan your essay: Spend some time brainstorming and organizing your thoughts before you start writing.

Do essay questions repeat in UPSC?

Yes, UPSC does repeat its previous year's questions in the Prelims exam.

Can essay be written in bullet points?

Yes. There is no hard and fast rule; that being said, if this is for a course assignment, I would be careful about it. Some instructors might consider bullet points too informal for an essay.

What is a decent score in essay UPSC?

As the essay paper is out of 250, marks which are above 50% can be considered good, ie. 125. Marks between 110-125 is considered as average.

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UPSC Essay Topics - Important Essay Topics for UPSC Mains 2023

By vajiram & ravi.

Essay Course for UPSC

UPSC CSE Mains 2023 Essay Question Paper

UPSC Mains Optional Test Series

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Understanding UPSC Essay Topics holds significant importance as it evaluates the candidate's ability to analyse, present arguments, and communicate effectively. In this article, we will explore the diverse range of UPSC essay topics, their significance, and essential tips to excel in this section. Get ready to enhance your writing and analytical skills and make a strong impression on the evaluators with well-crafted essays.

UPSC Essay Paper

The Essay paper in the UPSC Mains examination requires candidates to write multiple essays , each on a different topic, chosen from a given list of options. The essay topics for UPSC cover a wide range of issues, including social, economic, political, cultural, and philosophical aspects, both national and international.

The essay paper holds significant weightage in the UPSC Mains examination, contributing 250 marks out of the total 1750 marks . Scoring well in this section can have a considerable impact on the overall ranking and selection for the coveted civil services.

Weekly UPSC Essay Topics By Vajiram & Ravi

The UPSC Essay Paper is an opportunity for candidates to demonstrate their proficiency in expressing ideas and analysing complex issues. Vajiram & Ravi Pensive-Weekly Essay Writing Programme provides you with two Essay Topics every Saturday based on the previous year's question papers and the changing trends analysis. You can submit your Essay for peer evaluation on vajiramandravi.com. This will help you nourish your writing skills, give you clarity of thought, and build the capacity to express opinions in a logical and coherent manner.

Important Essay Topics for UPSC 2023

The purpose of the essay paper is to assess the candidate's ability to critically analyse a topic, present well-structured arguments, and communicate their ideas effectively. It also evaluates their knowledge of various issues, their clarity of thought, and their capacity to express opinions in a logical and coherent manner.

Some of the Important Essay Topics to prepare for the UPSC Mains Examination 2023 are:

  • Gender Equality
  • Environment/Urbanization
  • Economic Growth
  • Federalism/Decentralization
  • Agriculture
  • Economics 

UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophy

Every year, UPSC typically provides you with two or more essay topics centred around philosophical thoughts, Indian philosophical schools, or quotes from notable personalities. To effectively address these philosophical topics, you should refer to Philosophy Books to gain a foundational understanding. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Philosophy :

  • Everything comes to him, who hustles while he waits.
  • We are always blind as we want to be.
  • You cannot step twice in the same river.
  • A disciplined mind brings happiness.
  • The price of Greatness is Responsibility.
  • People would rather Believe than Know.
  • Mind - A beautiful Servant? Or a dangerous Master?

UPSC Essay Topics on Art and Culture

The UPSC Essay Topics related to Indian society, art, and culture cover a wide range of subjects, offering great diversity. To gain knowledge about the static content on these topics, you should rely on fundamental books on society, as recommended for the exam. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Indian Art and Culture :

  • Culture changes with economic development.
  • Culture is what we are, Civilization is what we have.
  • Social reform is a myth if places of worship are open only to all castes and not to all genders.
  • Impact of Globalization on Indian Art and Culture.
  • Caste System - India’s Enduring Curse.
  • Godmen - A Threat to Indian Art and Culture?

UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology

UPSC essay topics on Science and Technology can largely be addressed through current affairs. You may also benefit from consulting a Science and Technology Book for UPSC to compose a comprehensive and well-rounded essay. Here are some UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology:

  • Deglobalisation is good for the world.
  • Science is organised Knowledge. Wisdom is Organised life.
  • Technology is a Weapon against Poverty.
  • Prioritising Education Technology for Global Growth.
  • Technology is the silent factor in International Relations.
  • Scientific and Technological Progress cannot be equated with Human Progress.

UPSC Essay Topics on Education

Education stands as one of the preferred UPSC Essay Topics, with an essay related to this subject often appearing in the paper each year. To tackle this topic effectively, you should stay abreast of Current Affairs , incorporating significant changes and advancements in the field. Let's explore some of the Essay topics for UPSC centred around education:

  • Self Education is a lifelong curiosity.
  • Education Breeds Peace.
  • Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.
  • Education must also train one for quick, resolute and effective thinking.
  • Schooling is not Education.

UPSC Essay Topics on Polity and Governance

To comprehensively address Polity and Governance topics, you should acquire fundamental knowledge from Polity Books for UPSC and Current Affairs. These resources offer static information about relevant issues and their historical context, which proves valuable while writing UPSC Essay Topics on Polity. Here are some Essay Topics on Polity and Governance:

  • The Role of Politics in Development.
  • Should Youth in India Consider Politics as a Career?
  • Art, Freedom and Creativity will change society faster than politics.
  • The politics of Identity is the Politics of the Weak.
  • People should not be afraid of their Government. The Government should be afraid of its people.
  • Government Surveillance - Good or Bad?

UPSC Essay Topics on Economy

Essays concerning economic growth are frequently included in the Essay Paper. To tackle these topics effectively, you should refer to Economy Notes for UPSC to gain a comprehensive understanding. Once the fundamentals are grasped, you can enhance their essays by incorporating examples, data, and statistics to create a multidimensional perspective. Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics on Economy:

  • We don't have to sacrifice a Strong Economy for a Healthy Environment.
  • India, a $5 trillion Economy - Dream or Reality?
  • Digital Economy: A leveller or a source of Economic Inequality?
  • Innovation is the key determinant of social welfare and economic growth.
  • Labour Reforms in India and its Role in Economic Growth.

UPSC Essay Topics on Social Issues

Social issues are a significant aspect of the UPSC essay paper, reflecting the candidates' understanding of societal challenges and their ability to propose viable solutions. These essays provide a platform for candidates to analyse, critique, and suggest measures for pressing social concerns. Topics related to social issues in the UPSC Essay paper may include:

  • Inclusivity and Plurality are the hallmarks of a Peaceful Society.
  • A Gender-sensitive Indian Society is a prerequisite for Women and Child Empowerment.
  • The weaker sections of Indian Society - are their Rights and Access to Justice getting Better?

Previous Year UPSC Essay Topics

Practising previous year's essay topics will help you become familiar with the UPSC exam pattern , word limit, and the types of essay questions frequently asked in the Mains Examination. Analysing past essay topics will also allow you to identify recurring themes and trends, enabling you to prioritise their preparation accordingly. Regular practice with past essay topics will instil confidence in you, helping you feel more comfortable and prepared for the actual exam.

  • Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
  • Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
  • History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.
  • A ship in the harbour is safe, but that is not what a ship is for.
  • The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
  • A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
  • Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

Tips to Excel in UPSC Essay Paper

  • Understand the Topics: Thoroughly comprehend the essay topics, including the keywords and instructions. Choose a topic that aligns with your strengths and interests.
  • Plan and Structure: Devote some time to plan your essay. Create an outline and organise your thoughts in a structured manner, with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion.
  • Be Objective: Present balanced arguments and avoid a biased or one-sided approach. Consider multiple perspectives and present a holistic view.
  • Provide Examples and Evidence: Support your arguments with relevant examples, data, quotes and evidence to strengthen your essay.
  • Maintain Clarity: Write in a clear and concise manner. Use simple language and avoid jargon or overly complex vocabulary.
  • Practice Regularly: Regular practice is essential to improve Essay writing skills. Write essays on diverse topics to enhance your versatility.
  • Time Management: Allocate appropriate time for planning, writing, and revising each essay to manage time effectively during the examination.
  • Revise and Edit: Review your essays for coherence, grammar, and structure. Make necessary edits to refine your work.

FAQs on UPSC Essay Topics

What are the important UPSC Essay Topics?

Here is a list of UPSC Essay Topics asked in Mains Examination previously:

  • Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have.
  • Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
  • What is research but a blind date with knowledge?
  • Best for an individual is not necessarily best for society.
  • Wisdom finds truth.
  • Ships don’t sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them.
  • Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality.
  • Technology as the silent factor in international relations.

How do I Prepare for the UPSC Essay?

To prepare for the UPSC essay, focus on understanding the essay syllabus and past topics to identify recurring themes. Regularly practise writing essays on various topics to improve your writing skills and time management. Structure your essays with a clear introduction, main body, and conclusion.

Which is the best source to practise UPSC Essay Topics?

The best sources to prepare Essay for UPSC include official UPSC materials, newspapers, and magazines like The Hindu, Yojana , and Kurukshetra for current affairs, standard books on diverse subjects, government reports and publications, online platforms like PIB and PRS India, UPSC previous year papers for understanding the exam pattern, and regular practice of essay writing on various topics.

© 2024 Vajiram & Ravi. All rights reserved

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023, Download PDF

Upsc mains 2023 essay question paper: the union public service commission (upsc) mains exam started today, september 15, 2023, at 24 centres across the country. check and download the mains essay question paper pdf from this article..

Mohd Salman

UPSC Essay Paper 2023

Download upsc ias essay question paper 2023 pdf, topics asked in the ias mains essay paper .

The UPSC IAS Essay question consists of two sections where questions from 4 topics were asked in each section. Candidates need to write an essay of 1000-1200 words on 1 topic of their choice from the section

  • Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team 
  • Visionary decision-making at the intersection of intuition and logic
  • Not all who wander are lost
  • Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane
  • Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands - two equally harmful disciplines
  • Mathematics is the music of reason
  • A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity
  • Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

UPSC IAS Mains Exam Dates

For more details click here

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  • How to download the UPSC Essay Question Papers? + Candidates can download the UPSC Essay Question Papers from this article. The exam prep team of Jagran Josh has compiled the released question paper.
  • What is the UPSC IAS Mains Question Paper Pattern? + The UPSC IAS Mains question paper consists of nine papers: Essay, GS 1, GS 2, GS 3, GS 4, English, Indian Language Paper and two papers from the optional subject.
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UPSC Pathshala Mains Schedule 2023

Essay Question Paper – UPSC Mains 2023

The first paper of UPSC Mains 2023, that is the Essay paper, was conducted today. Following are the takeaways from it:

This year also we see the dominance of Philosophical essays. Each and every topic can be said to be a Quote. However, one thing which makes this essay paper easier than the one last year is the fact that these quotations are from different and common subjects or issues. The topics which they cater to are common to any serious UPSC Aspirant .

These topics include:

  • Social Issues

Generally speaking, Section A can be said to be tougher than section B. However, it’s a comparative paper, so for any serious UPSC Aspirant, the difficulty level should not make that much of a difference.

The most important thing every aspirant should take away from this is, they should practice as many essays as possible in the test series which are out of their comfort area. This practice shall help a lot in tackling any and every kind of essay topic in UPSC Mains.

The UPSC Mains 2023, a highly anticipated and rigorous examination, marks a pivotal moment for aspiring civil servants in India. This prestigious examination, conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) , is the second stage of the Civil Services Examination and serves as a crucial stepping stone for candidates who aim to join the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) , Indian Police Service (IPS) , or other elite civil services. The UPSC Mains 2023 will test candidates on a wide range of subjects, including essay writing, general studies, and optional subjects chosen by the candidates. Let’s check out more information on the  UPSC Pathshala website.

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[UPSC Mains 2023] ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM (CSE) 2023

  • September 15, 2023

UPSC MAINS 2023 QUESTION PAPERS

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  • Thinking is like a game, it does not begin until there is an opposite team.
  • Visionary decision making happens at an intersection of intuition and logic.
  • Not all who wander are lost.
  • Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.
  • Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines.
  • Mathematics is the music of reason.
  • A society that has not justice is a society that needs less charity.
  • Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in the school.

upsc essay exam 2023

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upsc essay exam 2023

UPSC CSE 2023 Mains Essay Paper Model Answers

The UPSC Civil Services Main Examination 2023 began with an Essay paper. There were eight essay topics separated into two groups, and aspirants were supposed to write on two of them in three hours, one from each. Candidates were asked to write 1000-1200 words for each essay.

Initial Thoughts

  • This year's essay paper followed the predicted pattern, with five of the eight themes being philosophical in nature. Furthermore, the general tone of the paper was thoughtful and philosophical.
  • Although the topics were simple to understand, it was challenging to select the right topic and then come up with enough content to complete 1000–1200 words.
  • The paper was manageable for aspirants who adhered to the fundamentals of UPSC preparation, such as having a firm understanding of the static syllabus, broad knowledge of current events, and adequate writing practice.

Now, let us discuss each topic separately.

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team

  • This topic appears to be centered on the notion that critical thinking frequently occurs in the interaction to competing ideas or challenges.
  • Candidates may have been asked to investigate how clashes of ideas result in innovation and advancement.

upsc essay exam 2023

Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic

  • Paul O'Brien is the author of this well-known proverb.
  • This comment most likely encouraged candidates to explore the importance of balancing intuition and logic when making crucial decisions.
  • It promotes thinking on the roles of both aspects in good leadership and problem-solving.

upsc essay exam 2023

Not all who wander are lost

  • This saying belongs to J.R.R. Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring.
  • The topic expected from candidates to think about how exploring and being spontaneous in life’s journey can be excellent. It’s a deep topic that can be understood in many different ways.

upsc essay exam 2023

Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

  • This essay topic appears to promote the notion that creativity is not restricted to rare moments of inspiration, but can also be found in ordinary events. It most likely prompted individuals to consider where creativity comes from and how we may exhibit it in our daily lives.

upsc essay exam 2023

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines

  • This is the saying of Simone de Beauvoir. Simone de Beauvoir was a prominent French existentialist philosopher and feminist thinker. She made significant contributions to feminist philosophy through her work, including “The Second Sex,” where she discussed the concept of “The Other” and examined the role of societal expectations in shaping women’s lives.
  • The quote by Simone de Beauvoir presented the idea that both girls and boys or individuals of different genders, often face distinct but equally harmful forms of societal pressures and constraints.

upsc essay exam 2023

Mathematics is the music of reasons

  • Mathematics is the music of reason, according to James Joseph Sylvester. Isn't music the mathematics of the senses, and mathematics the music of the reason? The musician feels mathematics, while the mathematician thinks music: music is a dream, and mathematics is a job.”
  • This remark implies a poetic link between mathematics and music. Candidates would almost certainly be required to address the beauty and rationality inherent in mathematics, as well as its role in molding our understanding of the world.

upsc essay exam 2023

A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

  • This topic appears to touch on the concepts of social justice and charity, which have been studied by philosophers such as John Rawls, as well as the “veil of ignorance.”
  • Candidates may have been asked to investigate the relationship in society amongst justice, equality, and generosity.

upsc essay exam 2023

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

  • Albert Einstein once said, “Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.”
  • This essay topic will most likely require candidates to consider the value of education beyond rote memorization. It could have been expected to have a discussion about the practical application of knowledge and lifelong learning.

upsc essay exam 2023

Conclusion:

  • It makes no difference whether aspirants know where the quotes came from. The only thing that matters is how the given quote is elaborated and supplemented by examples and case studies. All of this is dependent on the critical topic selection. All of this depends on the proper selection of the topic.

Takeaways for 2024

  • As previously stated, the paper was manageable for those who strictly followed the fundamentals of UPSC preparation.
  • The main takeaway from this year's paper is that sufficient writing practise is necessary now.

More about the Art of Essay Writing can be found in Samajho's Corner:

  • Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 1 | How to Write an Effective Essay?
  • Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 2 | Quotes For Writing an Effective Essay
  • Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 3 | Anecdotes For Writing an Effective Essay
  • Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 4 | Theme-wise Previous Years Essay Papers
  • Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 5 | How to Tackle Philosophical Essays?

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UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Topics with Solution and Examples, Get PDF_0.1

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Topics with Solution and Examples, Get PDF

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Topic with Solution and Examples. Get Essay writing topics from UPSC Mains Shift 1 exam which was held on 15 September 2023. Evaluate your answers in UPSC Mains 2023 Exam.

UPSC Essay Topics 2023

Table of Contents

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper Topics

With UPSC Essay Topic with Solutions and Examples will be helpful to Evaluate your answers in the UPSC Mains 2023 Exam. Get Essay writing topics from UPSC Mains exam which was held on 15 September 2023. The list of topics is as follows:

  • Thinking as a Game – The Role of Opposition in Shaping Ideas
  • A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity
  • Girls is weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands harmful disciplines
  • Not All Who Wander Are Lost

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Topics with Solution

Every year UPSC i.e. Union Public Service Commission organizes the UPSC CSE exam across the country. This year UPSC Mains exam is being organized on 15, 16, 17, 23, and 24 September. The essay writing paper was conducted during the morning shift on September 15th. You can check all the UPSC Essay Topics From the 2023 Exam with Solution which was held on 15th September in this article. For the convenience of the students, our expert content team has provided detailed solutions to these UPSC Essay Questions.

UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper Pattern

A total of eight topics are given in the UPSC Mains Essay Writing paper, out of which students have to write essays on two topics. The weightage of these two questions in the exam is 250 marks. The student gets 125 maximum marks on each essay.

Essay Writing on Thinking as a Game – The Role of Opposition in Shaping Ideas

Thinking is a fundamental human activity that underpins our ability to understand, learn, and innovate. It is often described as a cognitive process involving the manipulation of mental representations. However, one intriguing perspective is to view thinking as akin to a game, where the presence of opposing forces or contrasting ideas acts as a catalyst for the development of thoughts and the evolution of human knowledge.

The Nature of Thinking

Political Thinking

  • Non-Alignment: Current Stance of India in G-20 Summit 2023.
  • The Role of Opposition in Democracy

Social Thinking

  • An evolving social perspective on Homo-sexuality: Navtej Johwar Singh Case, Ratan TATA initiative: Goodfellows: to utilize India demographic dividend.

Economical Thinking

  • UPI, betting, Fiscal consolidation (budget 2023): FRBM act, Circular Economy, 1991 Economic Policy of India.

Scientific Thinking

  • Geocentric theory to Heliocentric theory, Human Genome Project,

Environmental Thinking

  • SDG’s, Net Zero mission

Educational Thinking

  • New education policy, Online Universities

Historical Thinking

  • Ashoka Dhamma, Middle Path by Gautam Buddha, Mahabharata: Theory of Geeta.

Ethical dilemma

  • Environmental Impact Assessment Policy,

Geopolitics   

  • Evolution of NATO and Russia Ukraine War, BRI: INDIA-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor.

Embracing opposition, rather than shying away from it, is the key to unlocking the full potential of our cognitive abilities and driving positive change in the world.

Essay Writing on A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

The relationship between justice and charity in society is a topic of profound significance. This essay delves into the idea that a society characterized by a greater degree of justice inherently requires less charity. Justice and charity are not competing concepts but rather two complementary pillars upon which a fair and equitable society can be built.

Introduction

“A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity,” has been stated by Ralph Nader. It highlights the interconnectedness of these two ideals and underscores the importance of addressing systemic inequalities to reduce the burden of charitable interventions. This synopsis provides a brief overview of the key arguments and insights explored in the full essay.

Justice as a Foundation

  • When justice prevails, it minimizes the disparities that give rise to the need for charity.
  • By addressing root causes such as poverty, discrimination, and social exclusion, justice acts as a proactive force that prevents individuals from falling into dire circumstances requiring charity.

Charity as a Symptom

  • Charity plays a vital role in providing immediate relief to those in need, it often operates as a symptom of systemic failures.
  • Subsidies: WTO AOA
  • Capitalist skill program vs. Socialist welfare program.

Systemic Injustices and Charity

Rather than doing the charity, Justice in different areas should be promoted

  • Gender inequality: Only 14% are women in the Parliament.
  • Freebies: Loan Waiver
  • Unemployment: Universal Basic Income

Empowerment vs. Dependency

  • A just society prioritizes empowerment over dependency.
  • In contrast, excessive reliance on charity can create a cycle of dependency, inhibiting individuals’ ability to break free from the cycle of poverty.
  • Nelson Mandela once said, ‘Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world’.

Governmental Role in Justice

  • Effective public policies that promote equitable wealth distribution, affordable healthcare, quality education, and social safety nets can significantly reduce the need for charity.
  • MUDRA Yojana, PM SVANIDHI, Skill India, Atal tinkering labs

Charity’s Complementary Role

  • While the essay emphasizes the importance of justice as a foundational principle, it does not diminish the value of charity.
  • Charitable organizations and initiatives continue to provide essential support and relief to marginalized communities.
  • However, the focus shifts from mere charity to a more comprehensive approach that combines charity with systemic change to create lasting solutions.

In conclusion, the relationship between justice and charity is one of interdependence. The quote implies that charity is a band-aid service to a bigger issue. If a society is simple, it will have the ability to offer its residents and they will not be required to count on charity. This quote is a call to action for society to concentrate on justice and fairness. It is a pointer that charity is not a long-lasting option and that justice should be the ultimate objective. A society committed to justice inherently reduces the need for charity by addressing systemic injustices, empowering individuals, and fostering self-sufficiency.  Justice is the structure of a healthy society and it should be the top priority of all residents.

Essay Writing on Girls is weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands harmful disciplines

Cinema is a reflection of society, Srijit Mukherji directed the movie: Shabaash Mithu, which clearly shows the weight of women in Indian Society. Similarly, Raksha Bandhan movie: Directed by Aanand L. Rai, shows that the boys are harmed by the exceptional demands.

Gender Stereotypes

Explanation of how society often imposes rigid stereotypes on girls and boys.

Discussion of how these stereotypes shape societal expectations and behaviors.

Girls and Restrictions

Glass Ceiling Effect

  • Supreme Court CJI, only 11 Cabinet ministers are women: in comparison to 48% population,
  • Not a single woman to date became the Chief of ISRO though the renounced missions like Mission Mangal, and Chandrayaan-3 witnessed the highest participation of Women.
  • The USA, to date, didn’t witness a single Lady President.
  • Son Meta Preference, Kul Deepak,
  • Conspiracy against Razia Sultan
  • Household work by women is not calculated in the GDP

Pink collar Jobs

  • Low salaries
  • Limited scope for growth

Girls without restriction

STEM: Mission Mangal, Chandrayaan-3,

Kalpana Chawla, P.V. Sindhu, Marry Kom, Mithali Raj, Priyanka Chopra, Vineeta Singh, Kiran Bedi, Geeta Singh Phogat.

UPSC: The top 4 are women

Boys and Harmful Disciplines:

Pressure to be Successful:

  • UPSC: around 11 lakh people are preparing for 1000 vacancies.
  • Kota suicide due to societal pressure
  • Commercialization of the marriage system
  • Pressure to be emotionally Strong “Be a Man”
  • Career over power passion

Recap of the main points made in the essay regarding gender stereotypes and societal expectations. Due to the efforts of government like ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’, Skill India, Start-up India, Sarv Siksha Abhiyaan, etc., many sections of the society benefit from it, but there are still many challenges that need to be addressed.

Essay Writing on Not All Who Wander Are Lost

The famous phrase, “Not All Who Wander Are Lost,” originally coined by J.R.R. Tolkien in “The Lord of the Rings,” encapsulates the idea that wandering, exploring, and deviating from the beaten path can be purposeful and meaningful. This synopsis provides a concise overview of the essay’s exploration of the deeper meaning behind this phrase and its relevance to life’s journeys.

Embracing Uncertainty

Discussion of how wandering allows individuals to embrace uncertainty and unpredictability.

Exploration of how this can lead to personal growth and self-discovery.

  • Columbus: Invented the route to America
  • Thomas Alva Edison: Invention of the bulb
  • Marie Curie: Invented radium and polonium, and her huge contribution to finding treatments for cancer.

Creativity and Innovation

Highlighting how wandering, in the figurative sense, fosters creativity and innovation.

Examples of how some of the greatest discoveries and inventions have come from wandering minds.

  • Space Programmes: Discovery of water on the moon, moonquakes, Moon climate, Aditya L1, Apollo11
  • AI tools: Chat GPT, IOT, Meta

Spiritual and Philosophical Significance

  • Examination of the spiritual and philosophical significance of wandering.
  • Reference to how many spiritual traditions incorporate wandering or pilgrimage as a means of enlightenment.
  • Gautam Buddha
  • Vivekananda

Freedom and Individuality:

Discussion of how wandering represents freedom and individuality.

Exploration of how societal norms and expectations can stifle personal growth, making wandering an act of defiance.

  • Mahatma Gandhi
  • Nelson Mandela
  • Barak Obama

Balancing Purpose and Wanderlust:

Emphasis on the importance of balancing purpose and wanderlust.

Mention how setting goals and having direction can enhance the value of wandering.

  • Dashrath Manjhi
  • Neeraj Chopra

Conclusion:

Recap of the main points made in the essay about the phrase, “Not All Who Wander Are Lost.” Reiteration of the idea that wandering, when approached with mindfulness, can lead to profound personal and intellectual discoveries.

UPSC Mains Question Paper Analysis 2023

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UPSC IAS 2023 Marksheet and Topper’s List with Marks

ForumIAS announcing GS Foundation Program for UPSC CSE 2025-26 from 27th May. Click Here for more information.

UPSC Result 2023

Today, UPSC IAS 2023 mark sheets has been released.  Along with that, UPSC has also released the Topper’s marks in all 3 stages. If you have appeared in this exam, you can take a look at your marks, on the official UPSC website. Below are the UPSC Toppers 2023 Marks .

Use this link to go to official page.

UPSC has released the mark sheet for the following 3 categories for CSE exam:

1) CIVIL SERVICES(MAIN) EXAMINATION (FOR CANDIDATES QUALIFIED IN WRITTEN EXAMINATION) click here

2) CIVIL SERVICES(MAIN) EXAMINATION (FOR CANDIDATES NOT QUALIFIED IN WRITTEN EXAMINATION) Click Here

3) CIVIL SERVICES(PRELIM.) EXAMINATION Click here

upsc cse 2023 marks and topper's marksheet

UPSC Final Result 2023 Toppers List

UPSC has also released the marks of the toppers in a PDF doc. Which can be downloaded from the official UPSC website or the link provided below. We have also provided the marks of the UPSC toppers. In the recently released result of UPSC IAS 2023, ADITYA SRIVASTAVA emerging as the topper. ANIMESH PRADHAN secured the second position, followed by DONURU ANANYA REDDY and P K SIDHARTH RAMKUMAR in the third and fourth spots respectively. UPSC Result 2023 Topper List and Marksheet

Aditya Srivastava, the UPSC 2023 topper, has scored total 1099 Marks, which is around 54% of the total marks. He has also scored good marks in the interview, which helped him to get a good rank. Animesh Pradhan on the 2nd rank has secured 1067 marks.

 Download the UPSC IAS 2023 toppers Marks PDF

Following are the marks of the top candidates.

The marks of the candidates appeared in the exam and the toppers mark sheets are released to maintain transparency in the exam. After checking the marks, candidates will be able to judge, where they may have lagged and in which areas they have performed well.

UPSC IAS Topper’s Mark sheets are released publically every year, also to maintain transparency. It also helps the other candidates in setting their own goals. UPSC Result 2023

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upsc essay exam 2023

UPSC Syllabus 2024: IAS Prelims and Mains Exam Syllabus

img src="https://img.jagranjosh.com/images/2023/July/1272023/UPSC-Syllabus.jpg" width="1200" height="675" />

UPSC Syllabus 2024: The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducts the Civil Service Examination (CSE), which is the most prestigious examination in the country. Every year, lakhs of candidates fill out the application form to compete for approximately a thousand posts. Candidates must focus on establishing a solid understanding of the UPSC syllabus in order to do well in the UPSC CSE.

UPSC has released its UPSC CSE 2024 notification on February 14, and prelims are scheduled to be conducted tentatively on May 26, 2024. It is high time for beginners to start preparing for the 2024 exams. The article provides detailed information on the comprehensive UPSC Syllabus for Prelims, Mains, and Interviews, along with access to the UPSC Syllabus PDF

The UPSC prelims consists of two papers, i.e. General Studies (GS) 1 and General Studies (GS) 2, where the important subjects in GS 1 are   history, geography, economics, polity, current affairs, science and technology, etc. and the important subjects for GS 2 are quantitative aptitude, logical reasoning, English, etc.

Also Read, 

UPSC Syllabus 2024: Overview

UPSC Syllabus serves as a blueprint for the exams for IAS Officers, IPS Officers, etc. The syllabus outlines the topics and subjects for the candidates that can be asked in the examination. It becomes crucial to understand every aspect of the examination, including the syllabus and its structure. Check the table below for overview of the UPSC CSE 2024

UPSC Syllabus 2024

The purpose of the UPSC syllabus is to evaluate candidates' knowledge, aptitude, and analytical skills. It consists of two papers  GS Paper I and GS Paper II (commonly known as the CSAT or Civil Services Aptitude Test) are two required papers in the UPSC Syllabus for Prelims. Numerous topics are covered in prelims, such as current events, science, geography, economics, politics, history, and the environment.

The UPSC mains exam consists of 9 specialised subjects: one essay paper, four General Studies papers, two optional subject papers, and two language papers (both qualifying in nature).

UPSC IAS Prelims General Studies I

The UPSC IAS Prelims syllabus of General Studies (GS) Paper I consists of subjects such as Current events of national and international importance, history of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, and Economic Geography of India and the World, Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights, Issues, etc., Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc. General issues on environmental ecology, biodiversity, and climate change that do not require subject specialisation and general science. 

UPSC IAS Prelims General Studies II

The UPSC IAS Prelims syllabus of General Studies (GS) Paper II, generally known as CSAT, consists of subjects such as comprehension, interpersonal skills, including communication skills, logical reasoning and analytical ability, decision-making and problem solving, general mental ability, basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency, etc.) (Class X level). The CSAT paper is also qualifying in nature, in which candidates need to score a minimum of 33% marks.

UPSC IAS Mains Syllabus 2024

The UPSC mains syllabus is the written exam which consist of 9 papers including essay, general studies paper and an optional subject. The mains exam evaluate deep understanding of candidate on particular topic and candidate's ability to articulate their understanding within the given time frame. The examination will consists of  nine papers, including two qualifying papers of 300 marks each in any Indian language and English. Candidates must score at least 25% in both qualifying papers for their Essay, General Studies, and Optional Subject papers to be considered for evaluation.

UPSC IAS Mains Essay 2024 

The UPSC IAS Essay is also known as Paper I where candidates are required to write an essay on the given topic. The candidates will be asked to write and organise their thoughts in an orderly manner. The more score will be given to candidates who have written in a precise and effective form,

UPSC IAS Mains General Studies 2024

The UPSC IAS Mains General Studies consists of 4 papers on General Studies, i.e., General Studies I, General Studies II, General Studies III, and General Studies IV. The topics that are covered in each paper are listed below:

  • GS Paper I consists of Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society
  • GS Paper II consists of Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations
  • GS Paper III consists of Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management
  • GS Paper IV consists of Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

UPSC IAS Mains Optional Subjects

Candidates can choose one optional subject from a list provided by the UPSC. The syllabus for optional subjects varies depending on the subject chosen. There will be two paper from the optional chosen. Candidates can find the list of optional subjects provided by UPSC:

  • Agriculture
  • Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
  • Anthropology
  • Civil Engineering
  • Commerce and Accountancy
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Mathematics
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Medical Science
  • Political Science and International Relations
  • Public Administration

UPSC IAS English paper

The UPSC IAS Main English paper includes a variety of topics that assess the candidates' comprehension, analytical, and writing skills. The topics include essay writing, precise writing, literary comprehension etc.

UPSC IAS Mains Language Paper

The candidates need to select one of the languages mentioned in the Indian Schedule. This paper is qualifying in nature. The list of languages is given below

UPSC IAS Interview 2024

The UPSC IAS exam's final phase is the interview. The UPSC announces the final results after the conclusion of the interview phase. There is no defined syllabus for the interview, the questions majorly consist of current issues and personality checks

UPSC preparation strategy for beginners 

Once you understand the UPSC exam pattern, it is time to make a study plan so that maximum time can be used for preparation. We have written a dedicated article on some of the best tips after talking to many experts so that it will be helpful for you in making an effective plan. Read here about the preparation strategy for beginners

NCERT Books for UPSC

NCERT books are considered the backbone of a candidate's UPSC preparation. These books are published by the government of India and are widely recognized for their quality and accuracy. NCERT books hold immense significance in the field of UPSC preparation. These books are designed by experts in respective subjects, ensuring a comprehensive and well-structured approach to learning. The content provided in NCERT books is aligned with the UPSC syllabus, making them an invaluable resource for aspirants. Moreover, the language used in NCERT books is reader-friendly, simplifying complex topics and aiding in better comprehension. Check out our article on which NCERT Books to refer for UPSC preparation

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UPSC Prelims 2024 Special: Revision Checklist for important Polity topics

With less than two weeks to go for upsc prelims 2024, here's a checklist of 25 important topics from polity. are they included in your revision notes let's take a look..

upsc essay exam 2023

Are you Prelims ready? UPSC CSE Preliminary Exam 2024 will be conducted on June 16. For aspirants, revision of Current Affairs is one of the most important tasks in the coming days. Manas Srivastava talks to Deepanshu Singh , our subject expert, as he provides a checklist of 25 important topics from Polity that every aspirant must revise for their Prelims exam.

About the Expert: Deepanshu Singh is an educator and a mentor for UPSC aspirants. He has guided many aspirants in the past with his expertise on subjects such as International relations, Polity, and more. He has authored books on International Relations for Civil Services Examination. Beyond academia, Singh serves as a public policy expert and shaped strategies for India’s G20 Presidency.

upsc essay exam 2023

🚨The Indian Express UPSC Essentials brings to you the  May  edition of its monthly magazine.  Click Here  to read. Share your views and suggestions in the comment box or at [email protected]🚨

1. basic structure doctrine:.

The Kesavananda Bharati judgment of 1973, which introduced the basic structure doctrine , marked its 50th anniversary. This doctrine ensures that certain fundamental features of the Constitution cannot be altered by the Parliament.

2. Independence of District Judiciary–Basic Structure:

The Supreme Court reaffirmed that the independence of the district judiciary is an integral part of the Constitution’s basic structure, emphasizing the need for judicial autonomy

3. Elections and Election Commission related topics:

— The President gave her assent to the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Bill, 2023.

Festive offer

— Important provision of RPA 1951 related to disqualification and registration of political parties.

— Right to vote and Right to contest being in Jail

— Electoral bond declared unconstitutional by SC

— Political funding limit for MP vs MLA elections-Section 77 (1) of the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951,candidates are expected to keep an account of expenditure from date on which he/she has been nominated till date of declaration of result.Spending more than maximum limit of election expenses is regarded as a corrupt practice under section 123(6) of RPA, 1951.

— Star Campaigners: The rules around Star Campaigners have been clarified, stating that their travel expenses for campaigning are not counted as part of a candidate’s election expenditure, provided they don’t campaign specifically for a candidate.

— National Party Status: The Election Commission has recognized the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) as a national party, while the All India Trinamool Congress, Nationalist Congress Party (NCP), and the Communist Party of India (CPI) lost their national party status.

— Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioner Act, 2003: The Act regulates the appointment, conditions of service, and term of office of the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners. It introduces a Search Committee for panel preparation and a Selection Committee for appointments.

4. National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Act, 2023:

The Act establishes the National Capital Civil Services Authority and empowers the Lieutenant Governor with discretion over several matters, including legislative assembly proceedings.

5. Sixth Schedule Vs Fifth Schedule in context of Ladakh:

The Sixth Schedule of the Constitution, under Article 244(2) and Article 275(1), is provided for the administration of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram. It empowers the Governor to create Autonomous District Councils (ADCs) and Autonomous Regional Councils (ARCs) in these four states. Ladakh has LAHDC under their Legislative Act.

6. Uniform Civil Code:

The Uttarakhand Assembly passed the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Bill, becoming the first legislature in independent India to pass a law that proposes common rules on marriage, divorce, inheritance of property, and live-in relationships for all citizens, irrespective of their religion.

7. Places of Worship Act 1991 in the context of Ayodhya, Mathura and Gyanvapi:

Places of the Act declares that the religious character of a place of worship shall continue to be the same as it was on August 15, 1947. It says no person shall convert any place of worship of any religious denomination into one of a different denomination or section. It also imposes a positive obligation on the State to maintain the religious character of every place of worship as it existed at the time of Independence.

8. Parliament related topics:

— Different Bills

— Power of Rajya Sabha in comparison to Lok Sabha

— Automatic dissolution of Lok Sabha

— Council of Ministers vs Cabinet

— Interim budget , types of grants

— Important committees- BAC, Estimates committee, Ethics committee

(The Trinamool Congress MP Mahua Moitra was expelled from the Lok Sabha after an Ethics Committee report recommended her expulsion from the Parliament.Set up in Rajya Sabha in 1997 and in Lok Sabha in the year 2000. In Lok Sabha, it was an adhoc committee till 2015.)

9. Role of Governors (Discretionary Powers):

Recently, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Punjab moved the Supreme Court against their respective Governors over the pending bills.

upsc essentials art and culture devdutt pattanaik

10. Powers of ED Vs CBI Vs CVC Vs Lokpal:

The Supreme Court declared the third extension given to the Directorate of Enforcement (ED) chief invalid. Powers of ED under FEMA, PMLA, FEOA, COFEPOSA.

11. Bail- Statutory, Anticipatory and Interim:

The Supreme Court affirmed that an accused’s right to default bail under Article 21 cannot be denied by probe agencies using supplementary charge sheets in ongoing investigations.

12. Mediation Act 2003:

The President of India recently granted assent to the passed Mediation Act 2023 seeking to promote mediationas a preferred mode of Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in India. About Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) are important for Polity.

13. Right to Silence:

The Supreme Court upheld the right to silence for the accused, stating that they cannot be compelled to self-incriminate, aligning with Article 20(3) of the Indian Constitution.

14. Right to Walk:

Punjab became the first state to enforce the ‘Right to walk’, mandating footpaths and cycle tracks in all future road expansions.

15. Parliamentary Privileges of lawmakers:

The Supreme Court overturned a past ruling, stating that bribery is not protected by parliamentary privileges, thus reinforcing accountability among lawmakers.

16. Anti-Defection Law:

The Maharashtra Speaker dismissed petitions seeking disqualification of MLAs under the Anti-defection law, upholding the leadership of the Shinde faction as the “real Shiv Sena ”.

17. Sarpanch Pati:

A recommendation was made to empower women in Panchayati Raj Institutions to eliminate the concept of ‘Sarpanch Pati’ or ‘Pradhan Pati’ through training and capacity building.

18. All India Judicial Services (AIJS):

The President of India advocated for the establishment of All India Judicial Services (AIJS) to centralize the recruitment of judges during the Constitution Day celebrations.

19. Model Prisons Act 2023:

The Ministry of Home Affairs finalized the ‘Model Prisons Act 2023’, aiming to replace the outdated Prisons Act of 1894 with a focus on reform and rehabilitation of prisoners.

20. Advocate-on-Record (AoR):

The AoR system in the Supreme Court allows registered lawyers to represent clients, ensuring legal representation at the highest judicial level.

21. Nari Shakti Vandan [(106th AMENDMENT)] Act, 2023:

This Act reserves one-third of all seats for women in the Lok Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, and the Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, including seats reserved for SCs and STs.

22. Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDP), 2023:

The President of India recently granted assent to the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill (DPDP), 2023. Exemptions and penalties under the act are important to remember for Prelims.

23. OTT Regulation in India:

OTT  platforms are governed by the Information Technology Rules, 2021, and are not under the jurisdiction of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI).The act replaces the Indian Telegraph Act, of 1885, the Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1933 and Telegraph Wires (Unlawful Possession) Act, 1950.

( Also go through: Cinematograph (Amendment) Act, 2003 — The Act aims to curb film piracy with strict punishments and introduces new types of film certifications. It also makes the film’s license valid for a lifetime.

24. Criminal Law Reforms Acts:

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 have replaced the Indian Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure, and Indian Evidence Act, respectively, modernizing the criminal justice system.

25. Online Gaming Rules:

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeiTY) has amended the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules (IT Rules) 2021.

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Manas Srivastava is currently working as deputy copy editor at The Indian Express and writes for UPSC and other competitive exams related projects.

Manas Srivastava is currently working as Deputy Copy Editor with The Indian Express (digital) and majorly writes for UPSC-related projects leading a unique initiative known as UPSC Essentials. In the past, Manas has represented India at the G-20 Youth Summit in Mexico. He is a former member of the Youth Council, GOI. A two-time topper/gold medallist in History (both in graduation and post-graduation) from Delhi University, he has mentored and taught UPSC aspirants for more than four years. His diverse role in The Indian Express consists of writing, editing, anchoring/ hosting, interviewing experts, and curating and simplifying news for the benefit of students. He hosts the YouTube talk show called ‘Art and Culture with Devdutt Pattanaik’ and a LIVE series on Instagram and YouTube called ‘You Ask We Answer’.His talks on ‘How to read a newspaper’ focus on newspaper reading as an essential habit for students. His articles and videos aim at finding solutions to the general queries of students and hence he believes in being students' editor, preparing them not just for any exam but helping them to become informed citizens. This is where he makes his teaching profession meet journalism. He is also currently working on a monthly magazine for UPSC Aspirants. He is a recipient of the Dip Chand Memorial Award, the Lala Ram Mohan Prize and Prof. Papiya Ghosh Memorial Prize for academic excellence. He was also awarded the University’s Post-Graduate Scholarship for pursuing M.A. in History where he chose to specialise in Ancient India due to his keen interest in Archaeology. He has also successfully completed a Certificate course on Women’s Studies by the Women’s Studies Development Centre, DU. As a part of N.S.S in the past, Manas has worked with national and international organisations and has shown keen interest and active participation in Social Service. He has led and been a part of projects involving areas such as gender sensitisation, persons with disability, helping slum dwellers, environment, adopting our heritage programme. He has also presented a case study on ‘Psychological stress among students’ at ICSQCC- Sri Lanka. As a compere for seminars and other events he likes to keep his orating hobby alive. His interests also lie in International Relations, Governance, Social issues, Essays and poetry. ... Read More

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upsc essay exam 2023

1. World Environment Day

Syllabus: GS-3, Environment and Ecology

Prelims: World Environment Day

Mains: Government programmes and initiatives launched on World Environment Day

World Environment Day is celebrated on 5th June every year to raise awareness about deteriorating environmental situations and inspire people worldwide to take good environmental activities.

Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam Campaign:

  • The Prime Minister launched the ‘Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam’ campaign on this occasion.
  • The PM planted a Peepal tree at Buddha Jayanti Park in Delhi and urged everyone to plant trees in the coming days as a tribute to their mothers.
  • Plantation of trees is central to the theme of World Environment Day 2024 namely halting and reversing Land Degradation, building Drought Resilience and Preventing Desertification.
  • The plantation of 80 crore trees by September and 140 crores by March 2025 has been planned following a “Whole of Government” and “Whole of Society Approach”. 
  • The trees would be planted nationwide by individuals, entities, community-based organisations, Central and State Government Departments and local bodies.  

Air Quality Monitoring System and Air-Pravah App

  • The MeITY Secretary inaugurated the Indigenous Air Quality Monitoring System (AQ-AIMS) and launched the Air-Pravah App on World Environment Day.
  • These are developed under MeitY-supported technologies and are cost-effective.
  • The developed system will help in providing the various environmental clearances.
  • The outdoor air quality monitoring system was developed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Kolkata in collaboration with TeXMIN (ISM, Dhanbad) and industry partner J M Envirolab Pvt Ltd, under the ‘National programme on Electronics and ICT applications in Agriculture and Environment (AgriEnIcs).
  • The system monitors environmental pollutants including parameters like PM 1.0, PM 2.5, PM 10, SO2, NO2, O3, CO, CO2, Temperature, Humidity, etc, for continuous air quality monitoring.
  • The system is being commercialised after field trials and testing.
  • The AQ-AIMS comes with a mobile application named “Air-Pravah” for real-time Air Quality Index (AQI) monitoring. 
  • It offers quick setup, real-time data visualisation, unit conversions, AQI comparison, multi-device support, data analysis tools, remote monitoring and automatic updates. 
  • It will be available on Android Play stores, and the app is being activated by registering with the unique device ID of the AQ-AIMS device.

2. WSIS 2024 PRIZE “Champion” Award

Syllabus: GS-3, Science and Technology

Prelims: WSIS 2024 PRIZE “Champion” Award, C-DOT, WSIS+20 Forum

Mains: Disaster Management 

C-DOT bagged the UN’s WSIS 2024 PRIZE “Champion” Award for “Mobile – Enabled Disaster Resilience through Cell Broadcast Emergency Alerting” category at the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)+ 20 Forum High-Level Event held at Geneva.

  • C-DOT received this recognition under AI, C-7, E-environment, in the category of ‘Benefits in all aspects of life – E-environment”.
  • The Summit recognised the project of C-DOT’s Cell Broadcast Emergency Alerting Platform for its outstanding contribution towards strengthening the implementation of the WSIS outcomes and underscores C-DOT’s commitment to leveraging technology for societal impact.

Know more about the WSIS+20 Forum in PIB dated June 3, 2024 .

About C-DOT’s Mobile-enabled Cell Broadcast Emergency Alerting Platform:

  • It ​​is an end-to-end solution for near real-time delivery of life-saving emergency information to mobile phones through cellular networks. 
  • It is an indigenously made automated system and is cost-effective.
  • It enables geo-targeted multi-hazard alerting with multi-language support, improving the overall efficiency of disaster risk management activities.
  • The initiative aligns with global Early Warnings for All (EW4All), International Telecommunication Union’s (ITU’s) – Common Alerting Protocol (CAP), ‘Call to Action’ and promotes SDGs ( Sustainable Development Goal ) targets while enhancing the country’s capacity-building efforts towards disaster resilience.
  • The Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) is a government-owned telecommunications technology development centre established in 1984 with an initial mandate of designing and developing digital exchanges. 
  • Currently, it undertakes large-scale telecom technology development projects.

3. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj

Syllabus: GS-1, History

Prelims: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj

NGMA to organise an exhibition “Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj: Celebration of the 350th Anniversary of the Great Coronation”.

  • To commemorate and celebrate the 350th anniversary of the grand coronation of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, an exhibition titled Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj: Celebration of the 350th Anniversary of the Great Coronation is being presented at the National Gallery of Modern Art, (NGMA) Jaipur House, New Delhi on June 6th 2024.

Read more about Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in the linked article.

4. Software Technology Parks of India (STPI)

Syllabus: GS-2, Polity & Governance

Prelims: Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) 

STPI celebrated its 33rd Foundation Day.

  • To strengthen the tech startup ecosystem in terms of networking and affordable incubation space, STPI launched a networking and resource discovery platform (SayujNet) and STPI Workspace portal (STPI-Workspace). 
  • The STPI announced its initiative towards developing India’s sovereign cloud journey under the brand name “Ananta”, which will be a hyperscale cloud made by Indians for Indians. 
  • Two MoUs aimed at developing and nurturing a holistic ecosystem for fostering the next generation of tech start-ups in India were also signed by the STPI.

Read more about Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) in the linked article.

5. Tele-MANAS

Syllabus: GS-3, Science and Technology; GS-2, Governance

Prelims: Tele-MANAS Initiative

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare and Ministry of Defence sign MoU to set up dedicated Tele MANAS cell for armed forces.

  • The MoU was signed between the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) and the Ministry of Defence (MoD) to facilitate collaboration between the two ministries in operating a special cell of Tele MANAS, the National Telemental Health Helpline of MoHFW, as a pilot project for two years at the Armed Forces Medical College in Pune.
  • The special Tele-MANAS Cell was inaugurated on 1st December 2023, at the Armed Forces Medical College in Pune by the Chief of Defence Staff.
  • The operational environment, cultural challenges, and specific stressors related to regional conflicts necessitate a specialised approach to mental health care in the Armed Forces. 
  • With the signing of the MoU, the mental health and well-being of Armed Forces personnel and their families will be addressed.
  • The Armed Forces beneficiaries will have direct access to specialised care, ensuring that their unique mental health needs are addressed promptly and effectively.
  • Tele MANAS is the digital extension of the District Mental Health Programme (DMHP), offering comprehensive, integrated, and inclusive 24/7 tele-mental health services. The initiative provides a toll-free number, 14416, in each State and Union Territory for easy access to mental health support.
  • Currently, 51 operational Tele MANAS cells are functioning across all 36 States and UTs, offering services in 20 languages.

6. Arun-3 Hydro Electric Project

Syllabus: GS-2, International Relations

Prelims: Arun-3 Hydro Electric Project

Mains: India – Nepal relations

The Prime Minister of Nepal triggered the last blast of the Head Race Tunnel of the Arun-3 Hydro Electric Project in Nepal.

  • The Arun-3 Hydro Electric Project is being executed by SJVN Arun-3 Power Development Company Pvt. Ltd. (SAPDC), a fully owned subsidiary of SJVN. 
  • SAPDC is a significant collaboration between SJVN and the Government of Nepal, which aims to enhance regional energy security and boost economic development through sustainable hydropower generation in the Arun River Basin.
  • It is a Mini-Ratna and Schedule A PSU under the administrative control of the Ministry of Power, Govt. of India, incorporated in 1988.
  • The company generates and sells hydroelectric power. It also carries out the designing, examining, operating, planning, developing, executing and maintaining of hydroelectric power projects.

Also read: India – Nepal relations

Read previous PIB articles here .

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The Insights IAS Secure Initiative for UPSC Mains Answer Writing practice enables you to practice daily answer writing, enhancing your skills and boosting your scores with regular feedback, expert tips, and strategies. Let consistency be the hallmark of your preparation and utilize UPSC Mains Answer Writing practice initiative wisely   Click on EACH question to post/upload …

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The issues surrounding Special Category Status in India highlight the complexities of federalism, regional development, and fiscal policy. Critically analyse.

Tags: 2024 Lok Sabha Election , Functions and Responsibilities of the Union and the States , Special category status

Topic: Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein. 3.  The issues surrounding Special Category Status in India highlight the complexities of federalism, regional development, and fiscal policy. Critically analyse. (250 words) Difficulty level: …

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  1. Essay Paper UPSC 2023 (Mains) Question Paper and Analysis

    UPSC conducted the Civil Service Mains exam for essay paper on 15 September 2023. The CSE mains essay paper comprises two sections. Each section contains 4 essay topics. Out of which 2 topics of choice from each section need to be picked. Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000-1200 words for each essay.

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  4. UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis, Check PDF Download Link

    The Essay Paper of UPSC Mains 2023 is available in PDF format. The exam was successfully administered by UPSC at Forenoon on September 15, 2023. 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM, session. The UPSC Essay Paper is of 250 Marks. Candidates can check the UPSC Essay Paper 2023 PDF Link below.

  5. UPSC Civil Services Exam Mains 2023

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  7. UPSC Essay Paper 2023, UPSC Essay Paper Download

    The UPSC Mains exam commenced on 15 September 2023. It started with the UPSC Essay paper. It is an important paper and counts for 250 marks in total in the UPSC Mains exam. In this article, you can download the UPSC Mains essay paper PDF. There are a total of nine papers in the IAS mains exam.

  8. UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Question Paper: Download PDF

    The UPSC essay question paper 2023 is available for download. The UPSC is divided into 2 sections i.e. Section A and Section B. Each section contains 4 questions each from different topics where ...

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  11. Essay Writing for Civil Services Examination

    In the UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE), we are concerned with the formal essay. The formal essay is relatively impersonal, the author writes it as an authority and such essays tend to be less emotional. Formal essays can also have factual elements in it, like quoted statistics from a government report etc.

  12. Essay Question Paper

    September 18, 2023. 1 Min Read. The first paper of UPSC Mains 2023, that is the Essay paper, was conducted today. Following are the takeaways from it: This year also we see the dominance of Philosophical essays. Each and every topic can be said to be a Quote. However, one thing which makes this essay paper easier than the one last year is the ...

  13. [UPSC Mains 2023] ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM ...

    Which essay question did you attempt in UPSC Mains 2023 Essay paper [Part A] Anonymous Poll. 1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin until there is an opposite team. 2. Visionary decision making happens at an intersection of intuition and logic. 3. Not all who wander are lost. 4.

  14. UPSC CSE 2023 Mains Essay Paper Model Answers

    The UPSC Civil Services Main Examination 2023 began with an Essay paper. There were eight essay topics separated into two groups, and aspirants were supposed to write on two of them in three hours, one from each. Candidates were asked to write 1000-1200 words for each essay. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite ...

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    With UPSC Essay Topic with Solutions and Examples will be helpful to Evaluate your answers in the UPSC Mains 2023 Exam. Get Essay writing topics from UPSC Mains exam which was held on 15 September 2023. The list of topics is as follows: Thinking as a Game - The Role of Opposition in Shaping Ideas. A society that has more justice is a society ...

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    UPSC Result 2023 Topper List and Marksheet. Aditya Srivastava, the UPSC 2023 topper, has scored total 1099 Marks, which is around 54% of the total marks. He has also scored good marks in the interview, which helped him to get a good rank. Animesh Pradhan on the 2nd rank has secured 1067 marks.

  18. UPSC Syllabus 2024: IAS Prelims and Mains Exam Syllabus

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