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May 1, 2024
Studies assess feasibility of aquaculture wastewater treatment methods
PhD student Nowrin Shaika and professor Halis Simsek, both in agricultural and biological engineering, demonstrate using electrocoagulation to harvest microalgae Chlorella vulgaris from wastewater cleaned with algae. (Purdue Agricultural Communications/Tom Campbell)
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. — Aquaculture production operations that help feed the world’s growing population also generate polluted wastewater that harms the environment. Four studies published by Purdue University scientists since last May document the feasibility of previously unproven methods for successfully treating the wastewater.
“Those wastewaters are not good for the environment because they discharge a large amount of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus,” said Jen-Yi Huang , associate professor of food science . These nutrients cause harmful conditions such as oxygen depletion and algae blooms when they are discharged into the aquatic environment. We want to use microalgae as a wastewater treatment approach. We grow algae in the aquaculture wastewater,” said Huang, who led a study focusing on microbial use of nutrients as a biological wastewater treatment method.
Huang’s study appeared in the May 2024 issue of Bioresource Technology . Halis Simsek , assistant professor of agricultural and biological engineering , led the other three studies. One will be published June 1 in Environmental Research, and the others were published in the March 15, 2024 , and Aug. 15, 2023 , issues of Environmental Pollution.
A dozen scientists at Purdue and institutions in Egypt, India and Turkey contributed to the research. All four studies were funded by a $10 million grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture aimed at increasing Midwestern seafood production and consumption .
In Bioresource Technology, Huang and his co-authors presented the results of their life cycle assessment (LCA) on microalgae-based treatments of wastewater from a recirculating aquaculture system for shrimp. The LCA analyzed the environmental impact of the shrimp production process from feed production to wastewater treatment for a commercial farm in Fowler, Indiana.
“The result of this paper provides the proof of concept on an experimental scale,” Huang said.
The USDA project s seek to develop zero-waste aquaculture (growing aquatic organisms under controlled conditions) and aquaponics ( combining aquaculture with plant cultivation in nutrient-enriched water ) systems. “We want to fully recover the nutrients from the wastewater using microalgae,” Huang said.
The goal is to ensure that zero-waste food production is both technically feasible and environmentally sustainable. The latter requires a production system that avoids generating a large environmental footprint.
“There is a trade-off because operating the microalgae wastewater treatment still requires some energy input,” Huang said. “The LCA evaluated the tradeoff between the nutrient recovery and additional energy input for the algal wastewater treatment."
Huang’s team found that the microalgae wastewater treatment process is environmentally feasible. Further, the team found that even with the energy requirements factored in, the microalgae treatment works better than the conventional activated-sludge wastewater treatment method.
“Using the microalgae as the wastewater treatment method can indeed improve the environmental performance of aquaculture production,” Huang said.
All three studies by Simsek’s team were conducted at Purdue’s Aquaculture Research Laboratory . In two of those studies, the scientists analyzed treating separate tilapia and shrimp wastewater streams with the same four strains of algae and two strains of bacteria.
“Wastewater always has bacteria,” Simsek said. “We are using natural bacteria that already exist in the wastewater to remove contaminants.”
The research team measured nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and other parameters in the wastewater during the experiments. These included chemical oxygen demand, a measure of environmentally harmful effluent discharge.
“All these parameters can be removed in the wastewaters using algae and bacteria together,” Simsek said. The types of algae and bacteria selected for the study are the most commonly occurring natural strains. “Every wastewater is different,” he noted, meaning that different industrial sectors produce different wastewater and, therefore, may need different treatment methods.
The March 15 Environmental Pollution study results demonstrated the potential for applying microalgae and native bacteria together for treating larger-scale tilapia wastewater.
In the 2023 study, Simsek and his co-authors evaluated electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) treatments of shrimp wastewater, both separately and together. EC and EO, widely used methods for treating agricultural and other types of wastewaters, remove pollutants via electricity to drive chemical reactions.
The researchers also applied a modeling approach often used to determine optimal factors that affect the electrochemical method.
“The results of the study show EC and EO processes are potentially beneficial for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater,” Simsek and his co-authors wrote. They suggested larger-scale testing of EC and EO for the treatment to reduce toxic environmental effects.
“The developed treatment system combined with other treatment methods could be useful to treat various types of wastewaters throughout the world, which can help support the development of the zero-waste policy,” they wrote.
Huang and Simsek contributed to all four papers, along with professor Paul Brown and postdoctoral research associate Aya Hussain , both in forestry and natural resources .
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Writer: Steve Koppes
Media contact: Maureen Manier, [email protected].
Sources: Jen-Yi Huang, [email protected] ; Halis Simsek, [email protected] .
Agricultural Communications: 765-494-8415;
Maureen Manier, Department Head, [email protected]
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Studies assess feasibility of aquaculture wastewater treatment methods
- Story by Steve Koppes
- Photos by Tom Campbell
- May 1, 2024
Results move toward more environmentally sustainable food systems
A quaculture production operations that help feed the world’s growing population also generate polluted wastewater that harms the environment. Four studies published by Purdue University scientists since last May document the feasibility of previously unproven methods for successfully treating the wastewater.
“Those wastewaters are not good for the environment because they discharge a large amount of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus,” said Jen-Yi Huang , associate professor of food science . These nutrients cause harmful conditions such as oxygen depletion and algae blooms when they are discharged into the aquatic environment.
“We want to use microalgae as a wastewater treatment approach. We grow algae in the aquaculture wastewater,” said Huang, who led a study focusing on microbial use of nutrients as a biological wastewater treatment method.
Huang’s study appeared in the May 2024 issue of Bioresource Technology. Halis Simsek , assistant professor of agricultural and biological engineering , led the other three studies. One will be published June 1 in Environmental Research, and the others were published in the March 15, 2024 , and Aug. 15, 2023 , issues of Environmental Pollution.
A dozen scientists at Purdue and institutions in Egypt, India and Turkey contributed to the research. All four studies were funded by a $10 million grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture aimed at increasing Midwestern seafood production and consumption .
In Bioresource Technology, Huang and his co-authors presented the results of their life cycle assessment (LCA) on microalgae-based treatments of wastewater from a recirculating aquaculture system for shrimp. The LCA analyzed the environmental impact of the shrimp production process from feed production to wastewater treatment for a commercial farm in Fowler, Indiana.
“The result of this paper provides the proof of concept on an experimental scale,” Huang said.
The USDA projects seek to develop zero-waste aquaculture (growing aquatic organisms under controlled conditions) and aquaponics (combining aquaculture with plant cultivation in nutrient-enriched water) systems. “We want to fully recover the nutrients from the wastewater using microalgae,” Huang said.
The goal is to ensure that zero-waste food production is both technically feasible and environmentally sustainable. The latter requires a production system that avoids generating a large environmental footprint.
“There is a trade-off because operating the microalgae wastewater treatment still requires some energy input,” Huang said. “The LCA evaluated the tradeoff between the nutrient recovery and additional energy input for the algal wastewater treatment.”
Huang’s team found that the microalgae wastewater treatment process is environmentally feasible. Further, the team found that even with the energy requirements factored in, the microalgae treatment works better than the conventional activated-sludge wastewater treatment method.
“Using the microalgae as the wastewater treatment method can indeed improve the environmental performance of aquaculture production,” Huang said.
All three studies by Simsek’s team were conducted at Purdue’s Aquaculture Research Laboratory . In two of those studies, the scientists analyzed treating separate tilapia and shrimp wastewater streams with the same four strains of algae and two strains of bacteria.
“Wastewater always has bacteria,” Simsek said. “We are using natural bacteria that already exist in the wastewater to remove contaminants.”
The research team measured nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and other parameters in the wastewater during the experiments. These included chemical oxygen demand, a measure of environmentally harmful effluent discharge.
“All these parameters can be removed in the wastewaters using algae and bacteria together,” Simsek said. The types of algae and bacteria selected for the study are the most commonly occurring natural strains. “Every wastewater is different,” he noted, meaning that different industrial sectors produce different wastewater and, therefore, may need different treatment methods.
The March 15 Environmental Pollution study results demonstrated the potential for applying microalgae and native bacteria together for treating larger-scale tilapia wastewater.
In the 2023 study, Simsek and his co-authors evaluated electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) treatments of shrimp wastewater, both separately and together. EC and EO, widely used methods for treating agricultural and other types of wastewaters, remove pollutants via electricity to drive chemical reactions.
The researchers also applied a modeling approach often used to determine optimal factors that affect the electrochemical method.
“The results of the study show EC and EO processes are potentially beneficial for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater,” Simsek and his co-authors wrote. They suggested larger-scale testing of EC and EO for the treatment to reduce toxic environmental effects.
“The developed treatment system combined with other treatment methods could be useful to treat various types of wastewaters throughout the world, which can help support the development of the zero-waste policy,” they wrote.
Huang and Simsek contributed to all four papers, along with professor Paul Brown and postdoctoral research associate Aya Hussain , both in forestry and natural resources .
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Studies assess feasibility of aquaculture wastewater treatment methods
by Steve Koppes, Purdue University
Aquaculture production operations that help feed the world's growing population also generate polluted wastewater that harms the environment. Four studies published by Purdue University scientists since last May document the feasibility of previously unproven methods for successfully treating the wastewater.
"Those wastewaters are not good for the environment because they discharge a large amount of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus," said Jen-Yi Huang, associate professor of food science.
"These nutrients cause harmful conditions such as oxygen depletion and algae blooms when they are discharged into the aquatic environment. We want to use microalgae as a wastewater treatment approach. We grow algae in the aquaculture wastewater," said Huang, who led a study focusing on microbial use of nutrients as a biological wastewater treatment method.
Huang's study was published in the May 2024 issue of Bioresource Technology . Halis Simsek, assistant professor of agricultural and biological engineering , led the other three studies. One will be published June 1 in Environmental Research , and the others were published in the Aug. 15, 2023 and March 15, 2024 issues of Environmental Pollution . A dozen scientists at Purdue and institutions in Egypt, India and Turkey contributed to the research.
In Bioresource Technology , Huang and his co-authors presented the results of their life cycle assessment (LCA) on microalgae-based treatments of wastewater from a recirculating aquaculture system for shrimp. The LCA analyzed the environmental impact of the shrimp production process from feed production to wastewater treatment for a commercial farm in Fowler, Indiana.
"The result of this paper provides the proof of concept on an experimental scale," Huang said.
The USDA projects seek to develop zero-waste aquaculture (growing aquatic organisms under controlled conditions) and aquaponics (combining aquaculture with plant cultivation in nutrient-enriched water) systems. "We want to fully recover the nutrients from the wastewater using microalgae," Huang said.
The goal is to ensure that zero-waste food production is both technically feasible and environmentally sustainable. The latter requires a production system that avoids generating a large environmental footprint.
"There is a trade-off because operating the microalgae wastewater treatment still requires some energy input," Huang said. "The LCA evaluated the tradeoff between the nutrient recovery and additional energy input for the algal wastewater treatment."
Huang's team found that the microalgae wastewater treatment process is environmentally feasible. Further, the team found that even with the energy requirements factored in, the microalgae treatment works better than the conventional activated-sludge wastewater treatment method.
"Using the microalgae as the wastewater treatment method can indeed improve the environmental performance of aquaculture production," Huang said.
All three studies by Simsek's team were conducted at Purdue's Aquaculture Research Laboratory. In two of those studies, the scientists analyzed treating separate tilapia and shrimp wastewater streams with the same four strains of algae and two strains of bacteria.
"Wastewater always has bacteria," Simsek said. "We are using natural bacteria that already exist in the wastewater to remove contaminants."
The research team measured nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and other parameters in the wastewater during the experiments. These included chemical oxygen demand, a measure of environmentally harmful effluent discharge.
"All these parameters can be removed in the wastewaters using algae and bacteria together," Simsek said. The types of algae and bacteria selected for the study are the most commonly occurring natural strains. "Every wastewater is different," he noted, meaning that different industrial sectors produce different wastewater and, therefore, may need different treatment methods.
The March 15, 2024, Environmental Pollution study results demonstrated the potential for applying microalgae and native bacteria together for treating larger-scale tilapia wastewater.
In the 2023 study, Simsek and his co-authors evaluated electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) treatments of shrimp wastewater, both separately and together. EC and EO, widely used methods for treating agricultural and other types of wastewaters, remove pollutants via electricity to drive chemical reactions.
The researchers also applied a modeling approach often used to determine optimal factors that affect the electrochemical method.
"The results of the study show EC and EO processes are potentially beneficial for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater," Simsek and his co-authors wrote. They suggested larger-scale testing of EC and EO for the treatment to reduce toxic environmental effects.
"The developed treatment system combined with other treatment methods could be useful to treat various types of wastewaters throughout the world, which can help support the development of the zero-waste policy," they wrote.
Pankaj Bhatt et al, Electrochemical treatment of aquaculture wastewater effluent and optimization of the parameters using response surface methodology, Environmental Pollution (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121864
Yolanys Aranda-Vega et al, Biodegradability and bioavailability of dissolved substances in aquaculture effluent: Performance of indigenous bacteria, cyanobacteria, and green microalgae, Environmental Pollution (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123468
Journal information: Environmental Research , Environmental Pollution , Bioresource Technology
Provided by Purdue University
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IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
This review paper highlights the application of microalgae in WW remediation and the remediation of diverse types of pollutants commonly present in WW through different mechanisms, simultaneous resource recovery, and efficient microalgae-based co-culturing systems along with bottlenecks and prospects. ... Wastewater treatment using microalgae ...
This comprehensive review explores the role of algae-based systems in wastewater treatment, covering key aspects such as nutrient uptake mechanisms, cultivation techniques, system design ...
2. Microalgae for wastewater treatment. Microalgae are unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms present in both fresh and marine water bodies. Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that grow, produce oxygen, and biomass by utilizing sunlight, carbon from CO 2, and inorganic nutrients.Recently, microalgal biomass has been extensively used for the biofuel synthesis, extraction of chemicals ...
microalgae based wastewater treatment system is very. high as it removes 7899 % of Nitrogen and Phosphorus. The treatment system also succeeds to remove 40- 65% of. COD, BOD and other impurities ...
Algae cultivation complements wastewater treatment (WWT) principles as the process uptakes nutrients while assimilates CO2 into biomass. Thus, the application of algae-based WWT is on the upward trajectory as more attention for recovery nutrients and CO2 capture while reducing its economic challenge in the circular economy concept. However, the complexity of wastewater and algal ecological ...
Algae have always been a tremendous tool in wastewater treatment processes to remove major nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus and to limit eutrophication in receiving water bodies. As we progress in algal biotechnology as presented in other chapters, the field of phycoremediation has emerged where the applications have expanded to include ...
Algae-based wastewater treatment systems have gained significant attention as sustainable and efficient solutions for nutrient removal, organic pollutant degradation, and biomass production. This comprehensive review explores the role of algae-based systems in wastewater treatment, covering key aspects such as nutrient uptake mechanisms, cultivation techniques, system design considerations ...
biological treatment method for wastewater [1, 2]. 2 Overview of advantages in algae based wastewater treatment. Wastewater treatment using algae has the following advantages over the convectional ...
Urbanization, industrialization and other human-related activities discharge various inorganic and organic toxic compounds into the environment. Many physical, chemical and biological methods have been practiced, to treat contaminated wastewater: among these, the biological method of wastewater treatment by utilizing algae has been reviewed widely. However, the removal efficacy of algae ...
This review provides an overview of an integrated approach using microalgae for wastewater treatment, CO 2 utilization, and biofuel production. The main goal of this article is to promote research in algae technologies by outlining critical needs along the integrated process train, including cultivation, harvesting, and biofuel production.
Traditional wastewater treatment has been aimed solely at sanitation by removing contaminants, yet actual issues of climate change and depletion of natural resources are calling for methods that both remove contaminants and convert waste into chemicals and fuels. In particular, biological treatments with synergic coupling of microalgae and bacteria appear promising to remove organic, inorganic ...
This paper will focus on the challenges associated with algae-based wastewater treatment (ABWWT). To elucidate the issue, this review will investigate the following: (1) microalgal strain selection, (2) wastewater characteristics, and (3) the effect of various biotic and abiotic factors.
Using wastewater algae biomass as a carbon source. Onay ... Industrial wastewater includes pulp and paper industry effluent, petroleum industrial wastewater, ... (DOE) began research on microalgal wastewater treatment, and the recovered microalgal biomass was used for methane production. Next, a program named the "Aquatic Species Program ...
Recovery of wastewater is essential for better management of water resources and can aid in reducing regional or seasonal water shortages. When algae were used to clean wastewater, amazing benefits were guaranteed, such as a decrease in the formation of dangerous solid sludge and the creation of valuable algal biomass through recycling of the nutrients in the wastewater. The trace elements ...
The present study illustrates the efficiency of microalgae based treatment system. Treatment of wastewater with Microalgae based system have the ability to remove nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and other nutrients), heavy metals, toxic substances (both organic and inorganic), BOD, COD and other impurities present in the wastewater by using the sunlight, CO2, and impurities like nutrients ...
Produced water (PW), the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries, has the potential to be a harmless product rather than being a waste. Biological processes using microorganisms have proven useful to remediate PW contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons, complex organic chemicals, and solvents. In particular, the bioremediation of PW using algae is an eco-friendly and low-cost ...
Food science professor Jen-Yi Huang leads a team creating a pilot-scale aquaculture system using algae for wastewater treatment. Experiments are underway to determine which algae variety will be most effective for use in this system. ... One will be published June 1 in Environmental Research, and the others were published in the March 15, 2024 ...
wastewater streams obtained from a wastewater treatment plant, which can pr ovide sufficient. nutrients for algae growth. Second, centrate contains a variety of minerals such as K, Ca, M g, Fe, Cu ...
Finally, a schematic diagram illustrating the algae cultivation and harvesting process is presented, offering a practical alternative to acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment refinement associated with algae biomass production.
The third-generation biofuel production from algae could be the cheapest and most promising alternative compared to other sources of renewable energies. Algae can be effectively grown in a nutrient-rich environment and have the potential to accumulate nutrients and heavy metals from the wastewater, which makes them an extremely attractive means for a more extensive remediation role. Moreover ...
and wastewater treatment. Algae are attractive candidates for wastewater treat-. ment, but various restrictions and difficulties need to be. resolved before using algae for wastewater treatment ...
Food Science professor Jen-Yi Huang leads a team creating a pilot-scale aquaculture system use algae for wastewater treatment. Experiments are underway to determine which algae variety will be most effective for use in this system. ... One will be published June 1 in Environmental Research, and the others were published in the March 15, 2024 ...
We grow algae in the aquaculture wastewater," said Huang, who led a study focusing on microbial use of nutrients as a biological wastewater treatment method. Huang's study was published in the May ...
The excessive discharge of phosphorus-containing wastewater contributes to eutrophication, posing a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, methods such as electrocoagulation should be utilized to remove phosphorus from wastewater prior to discharging it into a water body. In this study, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of electrocoagulation in treating simulated phosphorus ...