applied math phd harvard

Applied Mathematics

Undergraduate Program

The Applied Mathematics concentration consists of a broad undergraduate education in the mathematical sciences, especially in those subjects that have proved vital to an understanding of problems arising in other disciplines, and in some specific area where mathematical methods have been substantively applied. For concentrators, a core learning objective is building and demonstrating foundational knowledge in computation, probability, discrete, and continuous mathematics through the successful completion of the foundation and breadth courses. Students are also eligible to apply for an A.B./S.M. degree program.

Harvard School of Engineering offers a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree in Applied Mathematics. Doctoral students may earn the masters degree en route to the Ph.D. Students are drawn to Applied Mathematics by the flexibility it offers in learning about how to apply mathematical ideas to problems drawn from different fields, while remaining anchored to empirical data that drive these questions. Research and educational activities have particularly close links to Harvard’s efforts in Mathematics, Economics, Computer Science, and Statistics. Graduates go on to a range of careers in industry, academics, to professional schools in business, law, medicine, among others. All Ph.D.s are awarded through the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.

Directory: Faculty

• Alibegovic, Emina Lecturer
• [email protected]
• (617) 496-4203

• Antunes, Jonier Preceptor
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-1389

• Auroux, Denis Herchel Smith Professor of Mathematics
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-5487

• Ballinger, William Benjamin Peirce Fellow
• [email protected]
• (617) 496-0829

• Bamberg, Paul Senior Lecturer
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-9560

• Ben Dali, Houcine Benjamin Peirce Fellow
• [email protected]
• (617) 496-8366

• Brazelton, Thomas Post Doctoral Fellow Lecturer
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-2124

• Cain, Wes Senior Lecturer Assistant Director of Undergraduate Studies
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-1790

• Cavallo, Matthew Preceptor
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-1381

• Chen, Janet Senior Preceptor
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-2168

• Chen, Nathan Post Doctoral Fellow Lecturer
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-5690

• Chin, Sarah Preceptor
• [email protected]

• Conner, Austin Post Doctoral Fellow/Lecturer
• [email protected]
• (617) 496-1986

• Constantin, Hannah Preceptor
• [email protected]
• (617) 496-6337
• Décoppet, Thibault Lecturer
• [email protected]

• Defant, Colin Benjamin Peirce Fellow
• [email protected]
• (617) 496-1561

• DeMarco, Laura Dwight Parker Robinson Professor of Mathematics Director of Undergraduate Studies
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-2147

• Demers, Matthew Preceptor
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-5340

• Dinkins, Erica Preceptor
• [email protected]
• (617) 496-8311

• Drozd, Yuriy Lecturer
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-0836

• Elkies, Noam Professor of Mathematics
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-4625

• Freed, Dan Shiing-Shen Chern Professor of Mathematics Director of the Center of Mathematical Sciences and Applications (CMSA)
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-1349

• Gammage, Benjamin Benjamin Peirce Fellow
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-8477

• Guigo i Corominas, Roderic Preceptor
• [email protected]

• Hamann, Linus Benjamin Peirce Fellow
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-8797

• Hancock, Justin Preceptor
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-1267

• Harris, Joe Higgins Professor of Mathematics Director of Graduate Studies
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-5335

• Hopkins, Michael George Putnam Professor of Pure and Applied Mathematics Department Chair
• [email protected]
• (617) 496-9520

• Kapiamba, Alex Benjamin Peirce Fellow
• [email protected]
• (617) 496-6978

• Kelly, Brendan Senior Preceptor and Director of Introductory Mathematics
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-9580

• Kisin, Mark Perkins Professor of Mathematics
• [email protected]
• (617) 496-1516

• Knill, Oliver Lecturer Undergraduate Concentration Support Specialist
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-5549

• Kronheimer, Peter William Caspar Graustein Professor of Mathematics
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-5745

• Krylov, Vasily Benjamin Peirce Fellow
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-2210

• Martin, Adolfo Amadeus Preceptor
• [email protected]
• (617) 496-9122

• Martin, Gage Benjamin Peirce Fellow
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-6318

• Maskin, Eric Adams University Professor of Mathematics and Economics
• [email protected]
• Littauer 312
• (617) 495-1746

• Mazur, Barry Gerhard Gade University Professor
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-3352

• McMullen, Curtis Maria Moors Cabot Professor of the Natural Sciences
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-0396

• Mondal, Puskar Lecturer
• [email protected]

• Nowak, Martin Professor of Mathematics and of Biology
• [email protected]

• Parisi, Matteo Lecturer
• [email protected]

• Park, Sunghyuk Benjamin Peirce Fellow
• [email protected]
• (617) 496-0459

• Penner, Katherine Preceptor
• [email protected]

• Politou, Eva Preceptor
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-2482

• Popa, Mihnea Professor of Mathematics
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-4825

• Quek, Ming Hao Benjamin Peirce Fellow
• [email protected]

• Ruzafa, Alejandro Poveda Lecturer
• [email protected]
• 20 Garden 115

• Senger, Andrew Post-Doctoral Fellow Lecturer
• [email protected]
• (617) 496-6336

• Siu, Yum-Tong William Elwood Byerly Professor of Mathematics
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-3790

• Stipcic, Mario Preceptor
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-1365

• Swaminathan, Ashvin Benjamin Peirce Fellow
• [email protected]
• (617) 496-4492

• Taubes, Cliff William Petschek Professor of Mathematics
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-5579

• Trainor, Charlotte Preceptor
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-1364

• Vemulapalli, Sameera Benjamin Peirce Fellow
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-8877

• Weinreich, Max Post-Doctoral Fellow/Lecturer
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-2334

• Williams, Lauren Dwight Parker Robinson Professor of Mathematics
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-1727

• Wood, Melanie Matchett William Caspar Graustein Professor of Mathematics
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-9063

• Wood, Philip Matchett Senior Lecturer Research Scientist
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-9493

• Woodin, Hugh Professor of Mathematics and of Philosophy
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-8796

• Yang, Kevin Benjamin Peirce Fellow
• [email protected]
• (617)495-5377

• Yau, Horng-Tzer Merton Professor of Mathematics
• [email protected]
• (617) 496-8425

• Ye, Fan Benjamin Peirce Fellow
• [email protected]
• (617) 495-1496

Mathematics

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This program is designed for students looking to conduct original mathematical research with the aim of becoming a research mathematician . Students will be located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, one of the most active centers of mathematics in the world. Other universities in the area include Boston College, Boston University, Brandeis University, MIT, and Northeastern University.

Students will have access to a wide range of resources including the Center of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, which hosts conferences, seminars, and workshops bringing together researchers from an extensive variety of disciplines and institutions.

Most graduates of the program have been very successful at securing postdoctoral fellowships in academia. A number of recent graduates have won prestigious fellowships including the Clay Fellowship, the Simons Fellowship, and NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. Others have jobs in the industry. 

Additional information on the graduate program is available from the Department of Mathematics , and requirements for the degree are detailed in Policies .

Admissions Requirements

Please review the admissions requirements and other information before applying. You can find degree program-specific admissions requirements below and access additional guidance on applying from the Department of Mathematics .

Statement of Purpose

The statement of purpose should convince the admissions committee that the applicant is able to communicate effectively and with a deep understanding of mathematics. It is not intended to be a biographical sketch or a reflection on one’s decision to enter the field.

Personal Statement

Not Accepted

Standardized Tests

GRE General: Not Accepted GRE Subject: Required

Theses and Dissertations

Theses & Dissertations for Mathematics

See list of Mathematics faculty

APPLICATION DEADLINE

Questions about the program.

Harvard University PhD in Applied Mathematics

Featured programs, how much does a doctorate in applied math from harvard cost, harvard graduate tuition and fees.

Does Harvard Offer an Online PhD in Applied Math?

Harvard doctorate student diversity for applied math, male-to-female ratio.

Women made up around 25.0% of the applied math students who took home a doctor’s degree in 2019-2020. This is less than the nationwide number of 27.7%.

Racial-Ethnic Diversity

Racial-ethnic minority graduates* made up 25.0% of the applied math doctor’s degrees at Harvard in 2019-2020. This is higher than the nationwide number of 13%.

PhD in Applied Math Focus Areas at Harvard

Majors Related to a PhD in Applied Math From Harvard

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Which major for applied math PhD?

I am still in the process of choosing which major in the SEAS of my school I should pursue.

I want to go into an applied math PhD program after undegrad, so must I choose applied mathematics as my major? Or can I pursue electrical engineering or mechanical engineering? A double major isn't an option.

Any thoughts?

• graduate-admissions

• 2 If you're just choosing your major now, how do you know you want to do a PhD in applied math? Or a PhD at all? –  JeffE Commented Dec 31, 2013 at 6:36
• I'm actually pursuing a 3-2 program so I'm an upperclassman math major and going to another college soon to complete a second major as a student in seas. I just wanted to simplify the question. –  Alex Commented Dec 31, 2013 at 6:41
• 2 SEAS = School of Engineering and Applied Sciences? –  Paul Commented Dec 31, 2013 at 22:36
• Paul yes that's correct –  Alex Commented Jan 1, 2014 at 1:42
• 1 Look at this link:Where possible, undergraduate students interested in applications should seek a broad scientific background. Understanding problems from the viewpoint of more than one specialty or application can help lead to a deeper mathematical understanding as well. The Courant Institute welcomes applicants with undergraduate degrees in other science fields, such as physics, biology, or engineering. math.nyu.edu/degree/phd/application.html –  Jill Clover Commented Jan 1, 2014 at 14:56

4 Answers 4

I don't mean to be rude but JeffE's answer (which I cannot comment on-site as I don't have the necessary reputation)

Whatever. Your major won't matter as much as your demonstrated potential for research in applied mathematics, which you can develop in almost(?) any engineering discipline.

is so off-base, it's like saying that majoring in English gives you license to do a PhD in any field that involves writing in the English language.

Engineering is certainly not a substitute for applied mathematics, and the transition can be very harsh.

First of all, you need to localize yourself. Applied mathematics in the US is different from applied mathematics in the UK, which is different from applied mathematics in France. Similarly, applied mathematics at Harvard (which would not be with mathematics, but SEAS) would be different from applied mathematics at Courant at NYU or in the Mathematics department at Princeton (who don't have an applied mathematics department, but rather a Program )

In any case, you will be expected to know all the core mathematics curriculum that pure mathematicians take in their first two years. From here, it will depend on what subfield of applied mathematics you're interested in. For example, if you are applying to a subfield that involves the classical mathematical physics (like solid or fluid mechanics), then you would need classes on those.

Engineering classes are vastly different from mathematics classes in almost all the mathematical topics. There might be some overlap in terms of, for example, fluid mechanics, but even then there is a big distinction between engineering fluid mechanics and mathematical fluid mechanics. For instance, mathematical fluid mechanics would involve more rigorous reductions and derivations of the Navier-Stokes equations (exploring techniques in asymptotic analysis, for instance).

There is some possibility of jumping from an engineering degree to an applied mathematics PhD, but again, this would depend on the country and the university and the department. If you want to examine the difference, look at the applied mathematics department at Cambridge University and compare to the applied mathematics group at the Courant Institute in NYU. Also, examine the PhDs of current faculty.

• Thanks, it seems like an applied math major would be most appropriate for me. –  Alex Commented Dec 31, 2013 at 15:50
• Nothing prevents you, as an engineering major, from taking mathematics classes or doing mathematics research, either pure or applied. Except time. –  JeffE Commented Dec 31, 2013 at 23:46
• @JeffE: Technically, this is true of any field, but it is probably least true of engineering just because engineers are almost always constrained by a very strict schedule. The course structure is different between engineering mathematics and pure mathematics. For example, engineers will typically take a first matrix course that goes over things like solving matrix equations. Mathematicians will be doing 'similar' course but first dealing with vector spaces and their axioms. In theory, an engineer can do both. In practice, I don't know how many would care to, given their tight schedules. –  TSGM Commented Jan 1, 2014 at 3:18
• 1 In addition, I did teach a professional engineer who went back to get an applied mathematics degree 'for fun'. It took him a little over two years of extra coursework, I believe. –  TSGM Commented Jan 1, 2014 at 3:21
• As far as I can see (and I did go back and check some admission requirements), as @JeffE said, nothing says that you need a math degree to pursue a PhD in applied math. Heck, if you decide that you like math after getting a BA in English, and if you have good reasons to let grad schools believe that you are capable of math research, that is perfectly fine, too (and your papers would be so well-written!) –  user10269 Commented Jan 1, 2014 at 16:01

Your major won't matter as much as your demonstrated potential for research in applied mathematics, which you can develop in almost(?) any engineering discipline.

Note that I did not say that you will automatically develop that potential in any engineering major; I said you can . Research potential is only incidentally related to your required classes. But it's considerably easier in engineering than in, say, English literature.

(Off the top of my head, I can think of applied mathematicians with degrees in computer science, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, pure mathematics, statistics, ....)

Almost none of the applied math PhDs in the USA have BS degrees in applied math, because undergraduate degree programs in applied math are very rare (more commonly, one may have a "mathematics" degree but with an emphasis on applied math courses). A large proportion of applied math professors in the USA do not have a Ph.D. in applied math, because most of the applied math doctoral programs only came into existence in the last generation. For instance, my advisor's doctorate is in computer science, but his thesis was in numerical analysis. So the name of the degree program is not key .

I know people who have earned an applied math Ph.D. in the USA with undergraduate majors in engineering, physics, chemistry, computer science, and pure math . The non-math majors were from programs at very good schools with a heavy mathematical emphasis. As a professor at a university that is modelled after US universities, I have supervised successful students and postdocs whose backgrounds are in all those areas, as well as others in mechatronics and operations research. The transition for some was "quite harsh", but they persevered.

I think the quality and rigor of the program is an essential factor . A physics BS from a top school usually knows more mathematics (and can reason better in mathematical terms) than a math BS from a lower-tier school. Some computer science programs are, in fact, applied math programs; others involve very little math. And some engineering programs at lesser schools are virtually devoid of mathematics.

So the bottom line is that you need to know much more about a program than its name in order to determine if it will prepare you well .

I should add that I myself double majored in Physics/Astronomy and Math as an undergrad, then got Applied Math MS and PhD degrees.

• Thank you for your answer. I find a lot of what you say very logical. But I don't see how it is possible that a physics or engineering major at a top university knows more math than a math major at a less rigorous/prestigious university? The vast majority of physics majors don't take real analysis, abstract algebra, combinatorics, or really any higher level math other than calculus. And engineers have literally zero exposure to proof-based mathematics. –  Alex Commented Jan 1, 2014 at 1:32
• @BrandonBakhshai I am not sure about The vast majority of physics majors don't take real analysis, abstract algebra, combinatorics, . I was a undergrad math major. I met a physics major who knew group theory more than I did. –  Nobody Commented Jan 1, 2014 at 1:57
• You can't get a physics degree at any decent program without taking linear algebra, ODEs, and PDEs. In most applied math programs, those are far more essential than abstract algebra or combinatorics. –  David Ketcheson Commented Jan 1, 2014 at 22:36

Difficult question, as so much depends on the individual. However, here are 2 questions you might want to ask yourself.

Q1: Are you exceptionally good at math?

If yes, you could consider doing a Master's in an engineering discipline. But if you are not first rate at math, I would suggest doing the Master's in math. Prelims are no joke, and if I knew I wanted to specialize in applied math, then I would take care to learn the basics of real analysis, topology, abstract algebra, and numerical analysis very well. You can always pick up the applications later (or as my advisor who was a mathematician working in biology told me, "It's easier to go down") I worked as a mathematician for EEs for many years and by far, the rate limiting step is always math.

Q2: Do you want to work in industry or academics?

If the latter, then you definitely don't want to do your MS in engineering. If the former, it could be a plus. One the of the biggest obstacles math PhDs face is that they find they often need a secondary field or skill.

The safe bet (for many may reasons) would be to do your Master's in math.

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Concentration Information

The applied math concentration requirements: 14-15 courses., a.  foundation.

Two to five courses in calculus and linear algebra (see Notes, part d):

        i.  Mathematics Ma/Mb, Mathematics 1a

       ii.  Mathematics 1b

      iii.  Mathematics 22b, 21a 

      iv.  Applied Mathematics 22a, Mathematics 22a, 21b

b.  Breadth

Five to seven courses (see item 1.d.i, below) from the following categories. Students must take courses from at least 5 of the 8 categories listed below. Of those, students must take at least one course in Computation and one course in Probability and Statistics. In addition, students must take a course drawn from at least one “continuous” category (Differential Equations or Analysis) and one drawn from at least one “discrete” category (Algebra, Optimization, or Discrete Mathematics). Students must show evidence of satisfying prerequisites for a course to count towards the concentration.  All courses must be taken letter graded in order to count for the concentration.

a.  Computation: First course: Applied Mathematics 10 or Computer Science 32 or Computer Science 50.

Additional courses: Applied Mathematics 111, 205, 207; Computer Science 51, 61, 107, 109a, 109b, 181, 182, 205

b.  Probability and Statistics: First course: either Statistics 110 or Mathematics 154, but not both.

Additional courses: Statistics 111, 139, 171, other courses above 110; Mathematics 117; Applied Mathematics 126

c.  Differential Equations: Applied Mathematics 105, 108, 109, 202; Mathematics 110

d.  Analysis: Applied Mathematics 104, 201, 202; Mathematics 112, 113, 114, 115, 118r

e.  Algebra: Linear Algebra: Applied Mathematics 120, Mathematics 121

Abstract Algebra: Applied Mathematics 106, Mathematics 122, 123

f.  Optimization:  Applied Mathematics 121; Mathematics 116; Computer Science 128

g.  Discrete Mathematics: Applied Mathematics 107; Mathematics 152, 155r; Computer Science 120, 121, 124, 125

h.  Modeling: Applied Mathematics 50, 91r, 115; Economics 985; or an approved advanced technical elective from outside of the student’s application area

Remarks:   A number of breadth courses recommend background in mathematical proof (including Math 112, Math 122, Math 154, CS 124, among others).  Students considering a course that recommends prior experience with proofs should plan in advance to build a that background via Math 22a/b, Math 101, Math 121, Math 152, AM 107, or CS 20.

Remarks:   For AM/Econ students considering pursuing an Economics PhD (and for any AM student considering a PhD in applied mathematics), we recommend real analysis (Math 112 - see the remark above about gaining proof experience before Math 112).  In addition, optimization (AM 121 or Math 116) may also be of particular interest to AM/Econ students.

c.  Application

Five courses from an area of application in which mathematics has been substantively applied, selected to provide a coherent and cumulative introduction to mathematically-oriented aspects of the field.  See  Areas of Application  for sample five-course plans.

d.  Notes

The number of required courses depends on the starting Math course (see Requirements above).

• Math Ma (5 Foundation, 5 Breadth, 5 Application)
• Math 1a (4 Foundation, 6 Breadth, 5 Application)
• Math 1b (3 Foundation, 6 Breadth, 5 Application)
• Math 21a or higher (2 Foundation, 7 Breadth, 5 Application)
• Note: Students starting in AM 21a, 22b, or Math 21a may take Mathematics 101 in their first or sophomore year as a third Foundation course; these students are then required to take only six courses in the Breadth category. Students may count AM 50 only if it is taken before AM115.
• Students may take Math 22ab, 23ab, 23ac, 25ab, 55ab in place of AM 21ab, AM 22ab, Math 21ab.  In terms of preparing for future AM coursework, these courses are appropriate for students who have previously taken multivariable calculus and linear algebra at the level of AM 21ab, AM 22ab, Math 21ab.

Petition Form

For any course petitions related to concentration requirements, the Student Course Petition Form  should be submitted to the DUS team. 

English Honors

Recommendations for English honors are based on the grade point average of the final plan of study and the satisfaction of the Honors requirement.

• The Honors requirement is automatically satisfied with a A- or higher grade in Applied Mathematics 115/215 and satisfactory grades in the 115/215 prerequisites.
• The Honors requirement can alternatively be satisfied via a modeling project, undertaken in AM 91r, in which a mathematical analysis of a problem is undertaken. A paper describing the project must be turned in to the concentration for evaluation by the end of the semester in which the AM 91r is completed.
• Writing a satisfactory senior thesis, and turning it in, satisfies the Honors requirement for English honors. However, it does not automatically satisfy the Breadth modeling section (h) of the plan of study. Most students who write senior theses register for one semester of Applied Mathematics 91r, which satisfies Breadth section (h) of the plan of study.   Applied Mathematics 99r cannot be used for Breadth section (h) of the plan of study, since this course is not letter-graded.

Students who satisfy the Honors requirement without a thesis are eligible for Honors if their coursework meets the concentration GPA cutoff on their final plan of study for the concentration.  The concentration GPA cutoff is 3.65 for the Class of 2024.  It is 3.72 for the Class of 2025

The Committee on Undergraduate Studies in Applied Mathematics votes the level of English honors to be recommended (No Honors, Honors, High Honors, Highest Honors).  A thesis is required for High or Highest honors, or for Honors with a GPA below the concentration GPA cutoff for honors without a thesis.  For thesis writers, recommendations for the level of honors depend on the grade average in the courses included in the final plan of study, the rigor of the overall record, and the completion and evaluation of the senior thesis.

A.B./S.M. Option

The concurrent masters program makes it possible for students to graduate with a bachelor’s and master’s degree in four years.   Pursuing a concurrent masters in Applied Math typically requires advance preparation.  Students considering this pathway should choose Math 22a/b for their foundation sequence, will need to incorporate complex analysis and differential equations into their coursework, and may need to complete CS 51, CS 181, and real analysis, or other coursework to have appropriate background for AM 200-level courses.  Any student considering this option should discuss requirements with our Office of Academic Programs.

• Secondary Field

The secondary field in Mathematical Sciences is jointly sponsored by the the  Mathematics Department  and the Applied Mathematics concentration. Students are required to take four courses in either Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, or Statistics of which at most two can be in Statistics. The Mathematics and Applied Mathematics courses must be numbered 104 or higher; Statistics courses must be numbered 110 or higher.

In Applied Mathematics

• First-Year Exploration
• Areas of Application
• AM & Economics
• How to Declare
• Who are my Advisors?
• Senior Thesis
• Research for Course Credit (AM 91R & AM 99R)
• AB/SM Information
• Peer Concentration Advisors (PCA) Program
• Student Organizations
• How to Apply
• PhD Timeline
• PhD Model Program (Course Guidelines)
• Oral Qualifying Examination
• Committee Meetings
• Committee on Higher Degrees
• Research Interest Comparison
• Collaborations
• Cross-Harvard Engagement
• Clubs & Organizations
• Centers & Initiatives
• Alumni Stories

Harmonizing organic photovoltaics research and development among academia and industry

• Herzig, Eva M.
• Bergqvist, Jonas
• Loi, Maria A.
• Meier, Sebastian B.

Eva M. Herzig is a professor at the Institute of Physics of the University of Bayreuth. She received her PhD from the University of Edinburgh (UK) and worked in industry on renewable energies and as a postdoc at the Technical University of Munich (Germany). Her group focuses on nanostructure control via processing and the characterization of thin films, applying time-resolved, multi-modal measurement methods to resolve structures on the nanoscale with a current focus on organic and hybrid energy materials. Feng Gao is a professor and Wallenberg Scholar at Linköping University in Sweden. He received his PhD from the University of Cambridge (UK) in 2011, followed by a Marie Skłodowska-Curie postdoc fellowship at Linköping University. His group currently focuses on research into solution-processed energy materials and devices, mainly based on organic semiconductors and metal halide perovskites. Jonas Bergqvist is CTO at Epishine AB. He holds a master's degree in applied physics and a doctoral degree in biomolecular and organic electronics from Linköping University, Sweden. Jonas has 15 years of experience within organic solar cells and is one of the cofounders of Epishine AB, where he leads the technology development of roll-to-roll manufacturing of printed organic solar cells for indoor applications. Maria A. Loi is a professor at the Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials of the University of Groningen in the Netherlands. She received a PhD in physics from the University of Cagliari, Italy, in 2001. She has been a postdoctoral fellow at the Johannes Kepler University in Linz, Austria, and at the National Research Council in Bologna, Italy. She joined the University of Groningen in 2006 as a Rosalind Franklin Fellow, and she became full professor in the same institution in 2014. She focuses on the investigation of the photophysics of unconventional semiconductors and in their application into optoelectronic devices. Sebastian B. Meier is the director of OPV technology and manufacturing at ASCA GmbH & Co. KG. He holds a diploma degree in materials science and a doctoral degree in engineering from the Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany. He has 15 years of industrial experience in the field of organic and printed electronics and is author and co-author of numerous scientific publications in recognized international journals as well as patents in the field of organic light-emitting devices and solar cells.