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Speech On Unemployment - 10 Lines, Short and Long Speech

As we all know, unemployment is a problem that affects not just individuals but entire communities and societies. It leads to economic instability and social unrest and can have a devastating impact on people's mental and physical well-being. However, it's important to recognise that unemployment is not just a personal problem but a systemic one. It results from larger economic and political forces and requires collective action and solutions.

10 Line Speech on Unemployment

Short speech on unemployment, long speech on unemployment.

Speech On Unemployment - 10 Lines, Short and Long Speech

Unemployment is one of the most pressing issues across the globe.

It refers to the situation when people are without work and actively seeking employment.

Unemployment can have serious consequences for individuals, including financial insecurity and a lack of purpose and meaning.

It can also have negative impacts on the economy, as a high unemployment rate can lead to a decline in consumer spending and economic growth.

"Unemployment is the one form of misery that cuts across all social boundaries." - James Buchan.

Governments and organisations have implemented various policies and programs to address unemployment, such as job training and unemployment benefits.

However, these measures are only sometimes sufficient to fully address the problem.

Factors such as automation and globalisation can also contribute to unemployment.

It is important for individuals to continuously seek education and training to increase their employability in a constantly changing job market.

Solving the problem of unemployment requires a multifaceted approach involving both individual and societal efforts.

Unemployment is a critical issue that transcends beyond just the individual to impact their loved ones and the community at large. It constitutes a personal hardship for the unemployed individuals and a major societal challenge that requires attention and resolution.

Causes | The causes of unemployment are complex and can include economic factors such as slow growth, automation and technological changes, as well as broader social and political factors such as the availability of education and training opportunities, and the structure of the labour market.

Consequences | The consequences of unemployment are far-reaching and can have a profound impact on individuals, families and communities. For those who are unemployed, the lack of a steady income can lead to poverty, homelessness and other forms of social exclusion. This can have a ripple effect, contributing to social unrest, crime and other problems that affect society as a whole.

Impact | Unemployment also has a significant impact on the economy. When people are unable to find work, they are less likely to spend money, which can lead to reduced demand for goods and services, further slowing growth and exacerbating the problem.

In order to address the issue of unemployment, it is important to take a comprehensive approach that addresses the root causes of the problem. This may include investment in education and training opportunities, support for small and medium-sized enterprises, and the creation of a more flexible and responsive labour market.

Unemployment is a pressing problem in the modern world, affecting millions of people globally and creating economic, social, and political consequences. Unemployment is defined as the state in which a person who is actively seeking work is unable to find any.

Causes of Unemployment

There are many causes of unemployment, including technological changes, economic downturns, and globalisation. Automation and other technological advancements have led to the replacement of many jobs by machines, while globalisation has led to the outsourcing of jobs to other countries where labour is cheaper. Economic recessions and other economic factors can also lead to widespread unemployment. In addition, the lack of job opportunities in some areas, particularly in rural areas, can contribute to high levels of unemployment.

Historical Overview of Unemployment

Unemployment has been a problem for centuries, but it has become increasingly pressing in recent decades. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, unemployment reached unprecedented levels, with millions of people losing their jobs and facing extreme poverty and hardship.

In response, governments and international organisations have developed various programs and policies aimed at reducing unemployment and providing support to those who are out of work. These efforts have helped to reduce the extent of unemployment in many countries, but the problem remains a persistent one, particularly in times of economic downturn.

Consequences of Unemployment

Unemployment has a wide range of consequences, both for the individuals affected and for society as a whole.

For individuals, unemployment can lead to financial hardship, social isolation, and reduced quality of life.

Those who are out of work are often unable to meet their basic needs, and may struggle to pay for housing, food, and other essentials.

Unemployment can also have a negative impact on mental and physical health, leading to stress, anxiety, and other health problems.

High levels of unemployment can lead to reduced economic growth and increased poverty, as fewer people are able to contribute to the economy through work.

It can also lead to increased crime and social unrest, as those who are out of work may feel frustrated and powerless.

Unemployment can also have political consequences, as those who are affected may become disillusioned with the political system and may be more likely to support political movements that promise to address the problem.

Possible Solutions to Unemployment

There is no single solution to the problem of unemployment, as it is caused by a complex array of factors. However, there are a number of measures that can be taken to reduce unemployment and support those who are out of work.

Providing education and training opportunities to help individuals acquire the skills needed for new jobs.

Investing in infrastructure and development projects that create jobs.

Encouraging the development of small businesses and entrepreneurship.

Providing financial support and job-search assistance to those who are out of work.

Promoting economic growth and stability, which can help to create jobs and reduce unemployment.

Unemployment is a complex and pressing problem that affects millions of people globally. While there is no single solution to the problem, there are a number of measures that can be taken to reduce unemployment and support those who are out of work. It is the responsibility of governments, businesses, and individuals to work together to address this problem and find effective solutions.

Explore Career Options (By Industry)

  • Construction
  • Entertainment
  • Manufacturing
  • Information Technology

Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi . 

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software. 

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

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A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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  • Unemployment Speech

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Long and Short Speeches on Unemployment

Any individual who is deprived of earning a living and faces difficulty in getting a paid job is known as unemployed and the condition is termed as unemployment. With India being a highly populated country, unemployment has always been a major problem in our country. And this problem has been increasing at a major rate.

Here, we have provided a long speech as well as a short unemployment speech in English for the students of all categories. Students can easily refer to our speech on unemployment for any exam preparation and can also gather information on this topic to prepare their own speech.

There is also a 10 Lines Speech provided by us especially for the students of Class 1 and Class 2.

Long Speech on Unemployment

This long speech on unemployment has been provided as a reference for the students of Class 7 To Class 12 for their exam preparation. 

Warm greetings to everyone! I firstly appreciate everyone who has gathered here to discuss the problem of unemployment. I am thankful enough for providing me with an opportunity to deliver a speech on unemployment.

Unemployment has become a major concern among the people of India today. With the increasing population, the job sectors fail to provide a full-time job to all the people. This, as a result, has increased the rate of unemployment in our country. Thus, unemployment can be defined as the condition where an individual is deprived of a paid job or self-employment and is unable to find a suitable job for employment. 

The fear of unemployment has caused a level of depression and mental stress on the youth today. In spite of getting a degree and having the highest qualifications, they still have to go through the process of unemployment. Many individuals, being the sole bread earner of the family, struggle day and night to earn a living. Unemployment not only refers to being jobless, but it also refers to the state where an individual is being underpaid as per their experience and qualifications. Several individuals are unsatisfied with the jobs they are in and are sticking to their jobs due to unemployment problems. 

Implementation of various government programs to improve the practical skills of the students must be done in every school and college. Although the government of India has introduced several employment schemes to offer jobs to the unemployed, many more steps must be taken to reduce the unemployment rate in our country. People must be made aware of self-employment and proper fundings for these government programs and projects must be implemented by the government.

Lastly, I would like to thank all of you for your patience and for coming here to discuss this issue. 

Short Speech on Unemployment in English

Given below is a short unemployment speech in English for the students of Class 3 to Class 6. 

Greetings everyone! Today I am here to deliver a speech on the topic of unemployment.

With the fast-growing industries and economic system, our country India still lags behind in the field of employment. In spite of having a higher degree and qualification, many people have to suffer through the process of unemployment. The main reason behind this major issue is the growing population and demand for a full-time job. Many citizens of the country are still deprived of paid jobs and are struggling to earn a living. This has also eventually led to mental pressures and depression among the youth. Although there has been an increase in the literacy rate of the people that has also increased the demand for new jobs. 

It is high time that the government should take up initiatives to provide employment to the people. There are several government programs and schemes that have been introduced by the Prime Minister to help the unemployed to get a paid job. New training programs should be introduced in schools and colleges for the better development of the students. People should be made familiar with the self-employment scheme and initiatives must be implemented by the government for funding these programs.

Lastly, I would like to end my speech by saying that unemployment has become a major problem in India today and necessary steps must be taken to reduce the unemployment rate. 

10 Lines Speech on Unemployment

Here is a 2-minute long speech on unemployment for the students of Class 1 and Class 2.

Good morning everyone! Today I am here to deliver a speech on unemployment.

Unemployment is a serious problem faced by many people in our country.

The increasing population and higher demands for jobs give rise to unemployment.

India being a populated country faces a higher unemployment rate due to limited job sectors.

There are several people who do not have a paid job and are surviving unemployment.

Unemployment also counts those individuals who are being underpaid in their jobs and are working outside their area of interest.

Even people having higher degrees and qualifications have to go through the process of unemployment.

This causes a high level of mental pressure and depression to the individuals as they struggle day and night to earn a living.

Due to slow economic growth and small job sectors, this problem has given rise to many unemployed people.

Lastly, I would like to say that unemployment is becoming a major concern of the youth of our country and if not solved in time, it will also bring down the economic rate of our country.

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FAQs on Unemployment Speech

1. How can you include initiatives taken by the government to curb unemployment in your speech?

This problem is taken very seriously by the government, and a number of schemes are being implemented to reduce unemployment. Among these schemes are IRDP (Integrated Rural Development Programme), DPAP (Drought Prone Area Programme), Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, Training for self-employment, PMIUPEP (Prime Minister's Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Program), employment exchange, Employment Guarantee Scheme, development of organized sector, small and cottage industries, employment in forging countries, and others.

2. What are the reasons for unemployment that I can include in my unemployment speech?

There are numerous reasons for a large section of the population of our country to be facing the problem of unemployment. Some of these reasons are population growth, slow economic growth, seasonal occupations, slow economic growth and a decrease in the cost of living in our country. Additionally, the large population of the country adds to the unemployment problem in India. The country's population demands a huge number of jobs and occupations every year, which the government is unable to supply.

3. What are the types of unemployment?

All of us today are aware of what unemployment is. However, it does not just mean that any person is unemployed. Likewise, unemployment also refers to people working in areas that are outside of their expertise or mastery. Some of the various types of unemployment include disguised unemployment, seasonal unemployment, open unemployment, technological unemployment, and structural unemployment. Other types of unemployment include cyclical unemployment, educated but unemployed, underemployment, frictional unemployment, chronic unemployment and casual unemployment. Presently, in India, among the most prevalent types of unemployment are seasonal unemployment, underemployment, and disguised unemployment.

4. What type of unemployment can be found in developed countries?

Mostly in developed countries, cyclical and frictional unemployment exist. The period of cyclical unemployment is the period in which the unemployment rate rises and falls according to cycles of economic ups and downs. It is vital to minimize cyclical unemployment during recessions. In an economy, frictional unemployment arises from voluntary job transitions. Frictional unemployment is a fact of life, even in a growing, stable economy.  The frictional unemployment that occurs when workers leave their current jobs in search of new jobs and when workers enter the workforce for the first time does not include those workers who remain in their current job until they find a new one, since they are never unemployed.

5. How to define different types of unemployment in india?

Open or Structural Unemployment- The phenomenon of open or structural unemployment occurs when a number of people desire to work but are unable to find jobs for themselves. It is a result of a growing population and people migrating to larger cities.

Disguised Unemployment - Under this type of unemployment, people seem employed, yet their productivity is zero and they do not receive any assistance to increase their output.

Seasonal Unemployment - During some seasons in India, farming is not practiced year-round, which results in farmers being jobless for a few months. Seasonal unemployment is also observed in the sugarcane industry, cold drinks industry, and crackers industry.

Speech On Unemployment for Students and Children

Speech on unemployment.

Unemployment is a very serious and important issue not only in India but all over the world. There are millions of people in this world who do not have employment or any kind of job. Moreover, the problem of unemployment is a very major problem in India. In India, the main reason for unemployment is the increasing population and the demand for jobs. Moreover, if we will ignore this problem then it will become the reason for the doom of the country. Read Speech On Unemployment here.

Speech On Unemployment

At present all of us know what unemployment actually is. But unemployment does not only mean that any person is jobless. Likewise, unemployment also includes those people who are working in areas that are out of their expertise or mastery.

The numerous types of unemployment consist of disguised unemployment, seasonal unemployment, open unemployment, technological unemployment, and structural unemployment. Besides, some other unemployment is the cyclic unemployment, educated but unemployed, underemployment, frictional unemployment, chronic unemployment, and casual unemployment.

Above all, seasonal unemployment, under unemployment, and disguised unemployment are very common unemployment present right now in India.

Get the Huge list of 100+ Speech Topics here

In our country, there are a lot of reasons for a large section of the population of the nation for facing the problem of unemployment. Some reasons are population growth, slow economic growth, seasonal occupation, slow growth in the economic sector, and the decrease in the cottage industry.

Moreover, these are the main reasons for the problem of unemployment in our country. Also, the situation is now so extreme that people with high education are ready for doing the duty of a sweeper as an employee. Besides, the government is not taking their work seriously and that’s a huge problem we should worry about. Apart from all these things, a huge portion of the population takes part in the agricultural sector.

The agriculture sector only provides employment in the harvesting or plantation seasons. In addition, one of the main reasons for the unemployment problem in India is the vast population of the nation. The population of the country demands a huge number of jobs and occupations every year which the government is unable to deliver.

Consequences

If things will continue like the current situation then the problem of unemployment will become a major issue for the nation. Apart from this, many things happen in the economy that is responsible for the increase in poverty.

The things responsible are an increase in the crime rate, exploitation of labours, political instability, mental health condition, and loss of the skills. As a result of these things, all this will eventually affect the nation in a very bad manner.

An initiative by the Government

The government is taking this problem very seriously and is also taking actions to slowly decrease the level of unemployment. Schemes that are available for this are IRDP (Integrated Rural Development Programme), DPAP (Drought Prone Area Programme), Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, Employment Assurance Scheme, NRY (Nehru Rozgar Yojana), Training for self-Employment, PMIUPEP (Prime Minister’s Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Program), employment exchange, Employment Guarantee Scheme, development of organized sector, small and cottage industries, employment in forging countries, and Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana and many more are also there.

To conclude, we can say that the problem of unemployment is a very important issue for all of us equally. We all need work because we all need money to secure our future. We have to earn for our families and we have to fulfil our needs. For all these things we need the money and the source of money is employment. Everyone has to work for money and we can’t work until and unless we won’t get any job.

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Speech on Unemployment in English for School Students

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  • Apr 1, 2024

Speech on Unemployment

Speech On Unemployment: Unemployment refers to the condition where a skilled individual is not able to get a decent job. Unemployment is a major problem, hampering the growth of the individual and society as a whole.

As per the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), the unemployment rate for individuals aged 15 years and above in India has reduced to 6.2 per cent in the first quarter of 2023 from 8.2 per cent in the same quarter in 2022. Although it seemed to be a good sign, the unemployment rate in the country dropped to 8.11% in March 2023, as per the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) data. Thus, we can say that India is currently facing a major employment crisis. 

Quick Read: 200+ English Essay Topics

Also Read: Essay on Unemployment: 100 to 300 Words

2 Minute Speech on Unemployment in English

‘A warm greeting to everyone! Today, I would like to present my speech on unemployment. What is the first thing that strikes your mind when you hear the word ‘ Unemployment ‘? Is it a jobless person looking for a job? Or an unskilled labour waiting for someone to pick him so that he can earn minimum wages?

Oxford Dictionary says unemployment is the state where a skilled person is not able to find a decent job to meet his needs. Individuals who are not currently working but are actively seeking employment are called unemployed. Unemployment is caused by a lack of job opportunities, financial crises, a mismatch of skills, global recession, and overpopulation. 

Out of the listed problems, overpopulation is the one that contributes most to unemployment. It creates a larger supply of labour than the available jobs. An increased number of people seeking employment when exceeds the number of job opportunities can lead to increased competition for jobs, lower wages, and higher levels of unemployment. 

Another reason for unemployment in India is the gap between the specialization and the skills possessed by the job seekers and the skills demanded by industries. The country’s outdated education systems and limited hands-on experience programs are the primary reasons that are failing to align with the rapidly changing needs of industries. Furthermore, emphasis on soft skills, which is important for workplace success, is also sometimes overlooked by educational institutions. 

Now, here comes the question, how can we address and curb the problem of unemployment in India?

The government should prioritize the enhancement of expertise and abilities with the help of targeted educational reforms. Encouragement should be given to vocational education as well as training to the youth of India. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana for Technical Institutes (PMKVY-TI), Leadership Development Programs, National Employability Enhancement Mission (NEEM), Employability Enhancement Training Programme (EETP), Skill Assessment Matrix for Vocational Advancement of Youth (SAMVAY), AICTE-Startup Policy, and likewise should get updated as per the latest job requirements and trends of the industries with competence to more formal learning. 

Also, for the problem of the rapidly growing population, implementation of effective family planning programs and promoting awareness about the consequences of overpopulation can help in controlling the growth rate of the population. The awareness and implementation of planning programs will thereby help in reducing the surplus of labour.  

Apart from the solution to the problem of overpopulation and working on proficiency and applied experience, strategic partnerships between industries and educational institutions can help bring opportunities for students into the job market. The government should focus on encouraging entrepreneurship, supporting small-scale industries, and attracting different modes of investments that can help generate employment opportunities that will help bring possibilities for the skilled youth. 

In conclusion, collective efforts are required from educational institutions, students and the Government to reduce the unemployment rate in India. By aligning education as per the industry needs, raising awareness and implementing effective government policies we can make a way for a brighter future for the youth regarding employment opportunities.

Thank you.’

Also Read: Vocational Courses After 12th

10 Lines Speech on Unemployment

Let us discuss a speech on unemployment with 10 short lines. 

1. Unemployment is a state where one cannot find suitable job opportunities despite education.

2. Vocational education plays an important role in preparing students for future employment by providing them with the necessary skills and knowledge.

3. Economic factors and job market conditions, such as recession and inflation are also some of the major reasons for unemployment among people.

4. Government initiatives and skills development programs are important in addressing and reducing the unemployment rates. 

5. A business-friendly environment encourages the growth of job creation. 

6. Contributing excellence in studies and acquiring skills can help in contributing to studies that will make them valuable additions to the workforce. 

7. Entrepreneurship and innovation also play an important role in the generation of jobs.

8. Encouraging mentorship programs and networking opportunities helps students by providing valuable connections for future job opportunities. 

9. Involvement of society and support helps in creating a sense of unity among the individuals to overcome the problem of unemployment. 

10. Let us strive for a world where none of the individuals should remain without a job, regardless of age or background and contribute to the job market with skills and expertise. 

Also Read: Economics Project for Class 12: Top 30 List of Ideas

Ans. To understand unemployment in easy words, let´s say that when people are willing to work but cannot find work to do is unemployment.

Ans. The five major reasons for unemployment are recession or economic downturns, changes in technology, lack of required skills or education, discrimination in the job market, shifting in industry or outsourcing of jobs to other countries.

Ans. Unemployment can be reduced by investing in education and skills development programs, and by creating a business-friendly environment for the encouragement of growth of jobs and support of entrepreneurship and innovation. 

Ans. Some of the effects of unemployment include financial difficulties for individuals and families, mental and emotional stress, strain on social services and government resources and negative impact on the overall economy.

Ans. By promoting education and skill development, supporting policies that encourage job creation and collaborating with public and private sectors, we can find sustainable solutions to the problem of unemployment. 

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Deepika Joshi is an experienced content writer with expertise in creating educational and informative content. She has a year of experience writing content for speeches, essays, NCERT, study abroad and EdTech SaaS. Her strengths lie in conducting thorough research and ananlysis to provide accurate and up-to-date information to readers. She enjoys staying updated on new skills and knowledge, particulary in education domain. In her free time, she loves to read articles, and blogs with related to her field to further expand her expertise. In personal life, she loves creative writing and aspire to connect with innovative people who have fresh ideas to offer.

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Speech on Unemployment | The Human Cost of Joblessness | Short and Long | 100, 150, 200, 300 & 500 + Words

Speech on Unemployment edumantra.net

The rising unemployment rates and feeling helpless in finding a solution has become a tradition. In this speech on unemployment, we will dive into the root causes of this issue, explore potential solutions, and discover ways that each and every one of us can contribute to reducing joblessness in our communities.

Speech on Unemployment – 100 Words (Approximately 1 Minute Speech)

Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, today I stand before you to talk and shed light on a pressing issue that affects countless lives: unemployment. Unemployment occurs when people are without jobs and actively seeking work. It brings a number of challenges, from financial struggles to low self-esteem. It makes life tough for them and their families. When people don’t have jobs, they can’t buy things or have fun. I would like to state that tough time comes in everyone’s life. It’s important to stay positive and believe in ourselves. We can learn new skills, or ask for help from others in their work. Remember, hard work and determination can lead to success. Let’s support one another and never give up. Together, let’s build a future where every individual has the opportunity to thrive and contribute meaningfully to society. Thank you. Thank again you for listening patiently.

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Speech on Unemployment for Students – 150 Words (Approximately 1. 25 Minutes Speech)

Distinguished teachers , esteemed principal, beloved fellow students, and honoured school authorities, I stand before you today with great enthusiasm to discuss a matter that affects not only adults but also young people, Unemployment. It is a well-known fact that unemployment is one of the major problems of the present time. It is prevalent all over the world. The situation is even more alarming when we talk about educated youth who are unable to find suitable jobs. Despite having the required qualifications, they are jobless. The problem of unemployment has led to a lot of social problems like an increase in the crime rate, a deteriorating law and order situation, and a rise in the number of beggars on the streets. Unemployment has also resulted in a brain drain. Talented youngsters are forced to leave the country in search of better opportunities. In such a scenario, it is important for students to be aware of the causes of unemployment and its effects on society. People should also be familiar with government schemes and initiatives that are aimed at providing employment to educated youth. By being informed about these things, students can play a role in solving the problem of unemployment in our country. Thank you for listening and let us all make a positive difference in the world!

causes of unemployment edumantra.net

Speech on Unemployment for Students – 200 Words (Approximately 1.5 Minutes Speech)

Respected teachers , esteemed principals, beloved fellow students, and honoured school authorities, with utmost delight and gratitude, I humbly stand before this esteemed gathering today to speak on a big problem that affects many people and our society – unemployment. Unemployment is a big problem that affects everyone, including students like us. It means that people who want to work can’t find a job. we should know why it happens. Some reasons are when the economy is not doing well, When new technology takes away jobs, or when people don’t have enough education or training. We can also talk about what we can do to solve this problem. For example, as students, we can think creatively and suggest some new ideas instead of wasting time on mobile reels. Another thing we can do is to train uneducated people by finding some additional time. We need to do research and understand the topic well. By talking about the causes and possible solutions, we can raise awareness and encourage action to help people who are unemployed. It is really a big problem. Some people are affected more than others because of their background or where they live. So it is each one’s responsibility to think and suggest. I hope my words are able to change your mindset and transform the world.

Speech on Unemployment for Students – 300 Words (Approximately 2 minutes Speech)

Good morning/afternoon/evening, respected teachers and my dear friends, Today, I stand before you to shed light on a pressing issue that affects people of all ages. And has a significant impact on our society – unemployment Unemployment is a growing concern among students today. With the ever-increasing competition in the job market, it has become a challenge for fresh graduates to secure employment immediately after graduation. It is very important for students to understand how serious this problem of unemployment is and to try their best to find solutions for it. Education and skill development play crucial roles in reducing unemployment rates. Students need to be encouraged to pursue courses that are relevant and equip them with skills that are in demand. Government initiatives such as job creation schemes and entrepreneurship programs can also help alleviate this issue As students, we must actively participate in such programs or even initiate them. Ultimately, addressing unemployment requires collective efforts from all – individuals, educational institutions, government bodies, employers, etc. Working together can create more opportunities and foster economic growth. Moreover, we must adapt ourselves to the changing job market trends by learning new technologies. Being open-minded towards unconventional career paths. By doing so, we can create more job opportunities for ourselves and others. Besides the economic effects, unemployment can also have an impact on mental health. It can make people feel more stressed and hopeless when they are trying hard to manage their expenses. Students need to understand how they can contribute to shaping our economy’s future. They can start by exploring opportunities like internships or volunteering, which not only enhance their resumes but also provide valuable skills required in today’s job market. In conclusion, let’s work towards becoming versatile individuals with a variety of skills that will make us valuable in any job, rather than just focusing on basic qualifications.

current state of unemployment edumantra.net

Long Speech on Unemployment for Students (Approximately 6 minutes Speech)

Distinguished faculty members, esteemed guests, and my fellow students, Good [morning/afternoon/evening]! It is with immense pleasure and gratitude that I stand before you today to address a critical issue that affects individuals, families, and societies worldwide: unemployment. It is a pressing concern that demands our immediate attention and concerted efforts.

Introduction

Unemployment is a problem that affects millions of people worldwide, Regardless of age, gender or education level. It’s a frustrating experience for anyone who has to go through it. With the current state of the world economy, unemployment rates are on the rise in many countries. Students graduating from universities are finding it harder than ever to secure employment in their field of study.

The current state of unemployment

Based on a 48-hour work week, the International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that 8.8% of the global working hours will be lost by 2025, equivalent to the number of hours worked in one year by 255 million full-time workers. A quarter of those jobs were lost due to reduced hours of those who remained employed, while the other half were lost due to the elimination of those jobs. Had the pandemic not occurred, the economy would have created approximately 30 million new jobs. By the close of 2021, most high-income countries had seen employment numbers reach pre-crisis levels or surpass them. Unfortunately, this upward trend was not shared with many low and middle-income countries. According to an ILO report, global labour income rose by 0.9 percent last year, primarily due to strength in high-income countries and China; however, five out of every three workers still resided in nations where labour incomes had yet to make up for the crisis. As the world had begun to progress, the Russian incursion into Ukraine and high inflation rates around the world in the last year hindered that advancement. The ILO has predicted that during the third quarter of 2022, hours worked worldwide will have dropped 1.5% from pre-Covid levels equating to 40 million lost full-time positions for that period. Moreover, by looking over all yearly data once it has been compiled and analyzed, there is expected to be an overall decrease in global employment growth compared to 2021. Disappointingly, 2023 looks like it won’t hold brighter prospects either; as per the “World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2023” report by the ILO, global work growth is only estimated at 1.0%, significantly less than the previous year.

Moving ahead I will share 5 most alarming impacts of unemployment

The first one includes Economic Consequences. Unemployment has significant effects on the economy. When people don’t have jobs, they can’t earn money to support themselves and their families. This leads to reduced spending on goods and services, which in turn affects businesses and slows down economic growth. Secondly, there are Social Challenges. Unemployment brings forth various social challenges. It can lead to an increase in crime rates as people may resort to illegal activities out of desperation. Moreover, the overall law and order situation can deteriorate, affecting the safety and well-being of communities. Unemployment can also contribute to a rise in the number of individuals resorting to begging to meet their basic needs. Thirdly there are Personal and Psychological Impacts. Being unemployed can have a profound personal and psychological impact on individuals. It can erode their self-confidence and self-esteem, leading to feelings of worthlessness and despair. The financial stress and uncertainty that come with unemployment can strain relationships and cause mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. Fourthly Brain Drain and Talent Loss is the other dire impact of Unemployment. It can result in a phenomenon known as “brain drain.” Talented and educated individuals may choose to leave their home countries in search of better employment opportunities elsewhere. This talent loss can have long-term negative consequences for a nation’s growth and development. It hampers innovation and reduces the pool of skilled professionals available to contribute to various industries. Fifth is a strain on Government and Social Services- When unemployment rates are high, governments face increased pressure to provide assistance to those without jobs. Unemployment benefits and social welfare programs come under strain, as the number of recipients rises. This places a burden on public finances and may require adjustments in budget allocations, potentially affecting other areas such as education and healthcare.

Let’s move towards the causes of unemployment

There are various reasons that lead to unemployment. Some of the major causes of unemployment are: –

Lack of education and skills: One of the major causes of unemployment is lack of education and required skills. In today’s fast-paced world, employers are looking for candidates who have the right mix of qualifications and skills. Unfortunately, many job seekers do not have the necessary education or skills required for the jobs they are applying for. This mismatch between job seekers and employers leads to high levels of unemployment.

Structural changes in the economy: Another important cause of unemployment is structural changes in the economy. Structural changes refer to changes in the overall structure of an economy, such as shifts from agriculture to manufacturing or from manufacturing to service industries. These types of changes can lead to large numbers of workers becoming unemployed because their skills are no longer in demand.

Recession: A recession is a period of economic decline during which employment levels usually fall as well. Recessions can be caused by a variety of factors, such as a decrease in consumer spending, an increase in interest rates, or a stock market crash. During a recession, businesses often cut back on production and hiring, which can lead to widespread unemployment.

Technology: Technology has also played a role in causing unemployment. As technology advances, certain jobs become obsolete as machines and computers can do them more efficiently. For example, automated teller machines (ATMs) have replaced bank

If we all tighten our belts we can combat this issue collectively. There are multiple solutions to unemployment.

Enhance Skills Training: Invest in vocational training and skill development programs to bridge the gap between job requirements and individuals’ abilities.

Foster Public-Private Partnerships: Collaborate between government, private sector, and non-profit organizations for initiatives like job fairs and subsidized employment schemes.

Support Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Provide incentives, streamlined regulations, and access to capital to stimulate job creation by SMEs.

Encourage Investment and Economic Growth: Implement business-friendly policies, reduce bureaucracy, and maintain a stable economic climate to attract investment and spur job creation.

Embrace Technological Advancements: Adapt education and training to equip individuals with digital skills for jobs in emerging fields like AI and renewable energy.

Strengthen Social Safety Nets: Provide temporary support through unemployment benefits and active labour market policies for retraining and job assistance.

Promote Sustainable Development: Invest in green sectors such as renewable energy and sustainable agriculture to generate employment while addressing environmental challenges.

Unemployment is a serious issue that affects individuals and society as a whole. It creates financial instability for families and can lead to increased crime rates and social unrest. The causes of unemployment are complex, ranging from economic downturns to technological advancements. However, there are solutions available to combat this problem. Governments can implement policies that promote job creation and provide training programs for those who need new skills in emerging industries. Businesses can also play their part by investing in research and development to create new jobs. As students, it’s essential to be aware of the impact that unemployment has on our lives and communities. We must strive towards acquiring skills that make us competitive in the job market while advocating for policies that prioritize employment opportunities. Let us all work together towards building an inclusive economy where everyone has access to decent work opportunities!

1.Why doesn’t PM Narendra Modi talk about unemployment in any speech? It is possible that PM Modi may choose not to address the topic of unemployment in certain speeches for various reasons. These reasons could include focusing on other aspects of governance, prioritizing different issues, or delivering speeches that align with specific objectives or themes.

2. Why didn’t Modi speak about the unemployment issue at the Independence Day 2020 speech? Modi did not address the unemployment issue during the Independence Day 2020 speech due to a variety of reasons, such as time constraints, focusing on other priorities, or addressing different topics deemed more significant.

3. Why does Modi & his administration keep ignoring the declining manufacturing jobs in India? It is possible that Modi and his administration have their own reasons for the way they approach the issue of declining manufacturing jobs in India. These reasons could include focusing on other sectors of the economy, implementing different strategies to address unemployment, or having priorities that are influenced by various factors.

4. Why does Mr Modi not seem worried about massive unemployment in India? He seems more interested in taking selfies and giving useless speeches about useless things. When it comes to Mr Modi’s perspective on unemployment in India, it is possible that Mr Modi has his own reasons for the way he prioritizes his actions and speeches. These reasons could include addressing a wide range of issues, focusing on long-term strategies for economic growth, or aiming to inspire and engage the public through various means.

5. Can students on OPT apply for unemployment? students on Optional Practical Training (OPT) in the United States may be eligible to apply for unemployment benefits under certain circumstances. The eligibility criteria and specific regulations surrounding this issue can vary, so it’s recommended for students to consult with the relevant authorities, such as the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and the state’s unemployment agency, to get accurate and up-to-date information regarding their specific situation

6. Can college students apply for unemployment? college students may be eligible to apply for unemployment benefits under certain circumstances. Eligibility criteria can vary depending on factors such as the student’s location, employment history, and local regulations. It is advisable for college students to check with the relevant authorities or their state’s unemployment agency to get accurate information about their specific situation and the requirements for applying for unemployment benefits.

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A Crisis of Long-Term Unemployment Is Looming in the U.S.

  • Ofer Sharone

short speech unemployment problem

How biases trap qualified job seekers in a cycle of rejection — and how to help them break free.

The stigma of long-term unemployment can be profound and long-lasting. As the United States eases out of the Covid-19 pandemic, it needs better approaches to LTU compared to the Great Recession. But research shows that stubborn biases among hiring managers can make the lived experiences of jobseekers distressing, leading to a vicious cycle of diminished emotional well-being that can make it all but impossible to land a role. Instead of sticking with the standard ways of helping the LTU, however, a pilot program that uses a wider, sociologically-oriented lens can help jobseekers understand that their inability to land a gig isn’t their fault. This can help people go easier on themselves which, ultimately, can make it more likely that they’ll find a new position.

Covid-19 has ravaged employment in the United States, from temporary furloughs to outright layoffs. Currently, over 4 million Americans have been out of work for six months or more , including an estimated 1.5 million workers in white-collar occupations, according to my calculations. Though the overall unemployment rate is down from its peak last spring, the percent of the unemployed who are long-term unemployed (LTU) keeps increasing and is currently at over 40%, a level of LTU comparable to the Great Recession but otherwise unseen in the U.S. in over 60 years.

short speech unemployment problem

  • Ofer Sharone is an expert on long-term unemployment and the author of the book Flawed System/Flawed Self: Job Searching and Unemployment Experiences (University of Chicago Press). Sharone received his PhD in sociology from the University of California Berkeley, his JD from Harvard Law School, and is currently an associate professor of sociology at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

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Speech On Unemployment - 10 Lines, Short and Long Speech

Speech On Unemployment - 10 Lines, Short and Long Speech

As we all know, unemployment is a problem that affects not just individuals but entire communities and societies. It leads to economic instability and social unrest and can have a devastating impact on people's mental and physical well-being. However, it's important to recognise that unemployment is not just a personal problem but a systemic one. It results from larger economic and political forces and requires collective action and solutions. 10 Line Speech on Unemployment Unemployment is one of the most pressing issues across the globe. It refers to the situation when people are without...

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Speech on Unemployment in Simple and Easy words

short speech unemployment problem

Table of Contents

We all know that India as a nation is dealing with the problem of unemployment and our government is trying to implement some effective measures to grant employment to the people of its country. The youth of the nation is suffering due to no or incompatible job opportunities. Since it’s such a pertinent issue for all of us, everyone is seen addressing this issue either publicly or at school, colleges, etc., in order to educate the masses. Therefore, at times one needs to prepare a brief speech on unemployment. If you are looking to prepare one in order to impress your teacher or leave an impact on your audience, then you may refer to our both short and long speeches on unemployment and complete your task without any hassles.

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Speech on Unemployment

Unemployment speech – 1.

Respected Managers and Dear Colleagues!

As the increasing threat of recession is looming over our heads, it has become necessary to talk about it at least amongst our fraternity. We all know that our co-employees are being laid off due to the scarcity of work and the dwindling financial condition of our organization. It’s a time that needs to be handled with utmost patience and ingenuity.

We never know that one day while walking through the office, any of us may be told by our manager, “Sorry, but it’s your last day in the office today”. Now you all must have started contemplating what you will do then, how you will make money and run your family. So let’s face this situation with dexterity and smartness. However, before we engage in a conversation or discussion, please allow me to deliver a concise speech on unemployment so that you have an insight into the things and thereafter are able to evaluate your own circumstances with the situation of the masses. Trust me; it will give you a lot of encouragement to brave the situation boldly.

There are mainly three forms of unemployment – labor class, who is illiterate, educated people without being technically qualified and lastly technical people, such as engineers. Let us know about them one by one.

With labor class, the situation is such that they have to constantly look for employment opportunities as they earn wages on a daily basis; hence they club themselves at a particular place to be able to obtain regular employment somewhere. In this precarious situation, sometimes they are able to find employment and sometimes not. But they have habituated themselves to survive in the latter condition even though it is frustrating at times for them too when they are unable to meet their basic requirements of food and clothing. Situation is quite similar for the city laborers also as they manage to get seasonal employment in some big farm or field, which help them to survive.

As the population of literate people is growing day by day, the government is unable to accommodate them at the workplaces. Already our educated youth is discontented with the incompetent wages given to them and the threat of unemployment leaves them even more frustrated. It is quite unfortunate that they are made to meander through the dark roads. Since they don’t possess any practical experience or technical expertise, they only end up looking for clerical jobs, which are not enough to accommodate the growing number of literate people.

Then those who possess technical qualification get even more frustrated because they are unable to find a good job at par with their academic qualification. Since the number of people acquiring technical expertise is increasing day by day, therefore even they get caught in the trap of unemployment. It’s good that more and more people are educating themselves and are also going for higher educational levels too; but sadly the government is proving inefficient to offer them good employment opportunities. Hence, the growing anger and frustration in our youth has become so evident these days.

But instead of increasing our frustration, we should think of combating this situation, may be through generating self-employment opportunities and channelizing our energy in that direction. In this manner, the grave problem of unemployment can be tackled to a great extent. That’s all I have to say.

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Unemployment Speech – 2

Dear Employees!

It’s a rare occasion that I get to interact with all my employees under one roof the way that I am doing today. There is nothing special in the present day and behind our coming here; however as a director of the company I realized that there ought to be no communication gap between me and my employees. Secondly, if there is any concern or issue with any one of you then please feel free to put it across the table. The management would certainly try to resolve it or would bring the necessary changes in the organization.

Amidst the growing recession period, I would request everybody to join hands together and work unanimously towards the betterment of our company. In fact, we should consider ourselves fortunate that we have a job at hand and good growth prospects. Look at those who are not fairly employed or are unemployed despite a good educational background.

Do you know that the count of people, who are without a job, is increasing day by day in our country? According to experts, this is mainly owing to the economic slowdown as well as sluggish expansion in business activities that have brought the doom of employment generation.

Ideally, it’s the government that should expedite its growth measures in order to facilitate skill-based training activities so that the gap between demand and supply of work skills can be filled and necessary qualification can be given. This can also help resolve the long-term issue of unemployment.

Though there are people who remain unemployed by choice and are not willing to work, this will not be termed as unemployment. Unemployment is that situation when a person wishes to work, but is not able to find for himself/herself a qualified job. There is no doubt that our nation is grappling with this grave issue of unemployment. Unfortunately, many engineers, doctors, graduates or even post graduates are either unemployed or underemployed. Due to rising unemployment, the nation is merely wasting its human resource or is not able to unleash its benefits entirely.

In India, the rate of unemployment is depicting a growing trend since 2011 when it was 3.5 percent. Gradually, it increased to 3.6% in the year 2012 and further rose to 3.7% in the year 2013. Since then, the percentage is never seeing its decline. In fact, it has also been observed that at every stage of education, particularly at the higher levels, rate of female unemployment has always surpassed male employment.

The most important step that our government should take is to enforce strict population control measures and encourage its people to have small families. Then, some scrupulous measures should be taken to improve the quality of Indian education system. Our education system should be more focused on developing skills or providing practical training rather than confining itself to theoretical knowledge.

Then, new possibilities of employment should be created by setting-up small-scale and cottage industries. When people will be self-employed, they will not run after for jobs and would rather be able to employ others in their start-ups.

Now, may I invite the opinions of my employees on this issue of unemployment and also some concrete suggestions to combat it.

Unemployment Speech – 3

Good Morning Honorable Principal, Honorable Teachers and My Dear Friends!

As I begin, I would like to ask all the senior students a question that how many of you know that what you are going to do in your future? Nobody knows! Today, I am here to deliver a speech on unemployment that is directly related to my question and our future because it could be the worst problem that we all are going to face in our life after our education completion. As we all know that India is a huge country with 1.32 billion of population and thus it became a difficult task for our government to provide jobs to all the job seekers in the country. India has approximately 356 million youth population and probably all of them want to earn money but it is not an easy task for the government to provide all of them a job.

There are many reasons behind the rise of this problem. First of all, our education system is not appropriate. Our education should be job oriented but unfortunately it is been fixed up to the bookish knowledge. Students spend their whole time at school in reading books and writing but they also need some practical or job oriented knowledge. Second problem is our country’s huge population. This is because of the lack of knowledge among people about the values and benefits of a small family. Due to the lack of education and knowledge, our country has the second highest population around the world that creates a shortage of jobs for people living in the country.

There are some schemes and programs that are launched by our Indian government for solving the problem of unemployment in the country. First, in 2005, the government had launched Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act that guarantee a 100 day employment for an unemployed person in a year. In 200 of the district it has been implemented and will be expanded to 600 districts further. Under this scheme, a person is paid 150 Rs per day. Another scheme that was also launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment of India called National Career Service Portal (a web portal) (www.ncs.gov.in). By the help of this portal, a person who is seeking for a job could avail the information about job updates and vacancies. In this portal, private vacancies and contractual jobs that are available in government sector are available in this portal.

One more facility that government has provided is a weekly newspaper titled Employment News that can be available in every Saturday evening. It contains all the detailed information regarding government jobs and vacancies available in India. It also contains notifications regarding government exams and recruitment procedure for government jobs. Besides these schemes, there is also a choice of self-employing through business etc. If a person starts a company then it provides jobs for many unemployed people and it is a good solution for this problem.

On this note I would like to conclude my speech and I hope that my speech would be useful for your future.

Thank you and I wish you all a great day ahead!

Also Read: Essay on Unemployment for Children and Students

Unemployment Speech – 4

Good Morning Respected Principal, Respected Teachers and My Dear Students!

Today, this seminar has been organized for the discussion over a very important aspect from which mostly every person could go through and that is unemployment and as a teacher, I have got this opportunity to host this seminar. First of all let me tell you about unemployment. It is a state when a person who is qualified and is eligible for job but does not find any. The problem of unemployment has continued from many years and is still a major issue for every person who willing to find a job. In a country like India, it becomes such a difficult task for a government to provide jobs to every job seeker. There are many reasons for the lack of employment in India. One of the reasons for unemployment is that India is a developing country and hence the country is getting modernized, it is lacking in jobs because of the excess use of technological machines. Industries started using heavy machines in the place of many workers and thus the workers are getting laid off and unemployed. Especially, old people who live alone are facing a lot of problems due to modernization and use of technology.

There are many other reasons such as our country’s education system which focuses only on the bookish knowledge and much less on practical knowledge. This kind of education system is called as degree oriented system but we actually need a system which is career oriented. If a person has completed many years in school and colleges and is still not ready for a job then what is the outcome of those years and study. There is a need of change in our education system. There should be some vocational studies that will help in enhancing the skills of the students. Another reason could be the thinking of people. Everybody wants to have a government job and that is quite impossible. Students should get praised and provoked for starting their own business. Mainly parents or teachers create a fear in a mind of student that there is a huge risk of failure in business or self-employment. This is also one of the reasons of lack of jobs because if a person starts a business then it provide jobs to many job seekers.

One of the main reasons of the lack of job opportunity in India is its population. We get to see thousands of people who compete for one position. India is a second most populated country around the world. It is quite difficult to provide millions of people a job in government sector. There is a need for encouraging the interest of students and showing them the correct path through which they could defeat this problem. As a teacher, I would like to advise you to choose your own interest as a career option.

On this note I would like to conclude my speech and extend special thanks to our honorable principal ma’am for giving me this opportunity.

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Short Speech

Short Speech

Long And Short Speech For Everyone

Speech On Unemployment

Good morning respected principal teachers and my dear fellows

Not just in India, but all throughout the world, unemployment is a very severe and significant issue. Millions of people around the world are without a job of any kind or employment.

Furthermore, unemployment is a very serious issue in India. The rising population and employment demand in India are the primary causes of unemployment.

Furthermore, if we ignore this issue, it will ultimately lead to the collapse of the nation. We are all aware of how severe the unemployment issue is. It seriously impedes national development and causes a number of social issues.

India, the second-most populated nation in the world, is well recognized for having frightening unemployment rates. When compared to now, unemployment was not an urgent problem approximately five decades ago, as we can see if we take a brief glance at the past.

Do you know there are many different types of unemployment? Including structural unemployment, open unemployment, seasonal unemployment, and disguised unemployment. Other types of unemployment include cyclical unemployment, underemployment, frictional unemployment, chronic unemployment, and casual unemployment.

Today’s unemployment is due to the enormous population growth that has occurred since that time. There are other reasons too. These factors include increasing population, industrial automation, changes in the skills that are needed, a lack of employers, etc. It is regrettable to mention that our educational system plays a significant role in this issue.

The reason behind this is that there is a vast discrepancy between the talents we learn in school and what employers value. It is alarming to learn that employers frequently wind up stealing workers from rival companies because they were unable to get the talent they were looking for. The school system makes it difficult for employers to discover qualified candidates as well as for young people to find suitable employment.

Do you know the impacts of it? If this issue persists for a while, unemployment will grow to be a significant problem for both the community and the country. The rise in poverty is another issue that can be recognized as a result of unemployment. These issues result in crimes such as labor exploitation, political unrest, mental health issues, and skill loss. All of these could eventually have a very negative impact on the country.

To create jobs, numerous plans and ideas have been put into practice. To encourage self-employment and assist unemployed persons in taking up public labor, numerous employment programs and laws have been implemented. The Indian government has implemented a number of policy steps to address the issue of unemployment. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is the best example.

Despite the steps the government has made, India continues to have serious unemployment issues. It can be handled by providing education in a way that gives young people the skills they need to find employment quickly.

Youth employment will be aided by the establishment of numerous occupational programs and courses for undergraduate and graduate students. To ensure that children are competent in these subjects in their formative years, the government must emphasize these courses at the primary level and make them a requirement of the curriculum.

Schools and colleges should offer career counseling so that students can select a better career option based on their interests and abilities. The government should increase the number of jobs available to graduates and young people.

India is a fast-growing economy. The unemployment sector has a great deal of room for improvement. The government’s numerous initiatives and actions to raise the employment rate have largely been successful. The numerous skill development programs have become more well-liked around the country. The employment level can be greatly increased with greater strategy enforcement. However, there is still a long way to go before we can guarantee that everyone in India will find work.

We may claim that the issue of unemployment is one that affects us all equally. All of us require employment in order to ensure our financial future. We need to provide for our family and our own needs through working. We require money for all of these things, and employment is the source of money. Everyone must work to earn a living, and we cannot work unless and until we find employment.

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Speech on Unemployment

Unemployment is one of the serious problems that India faces today. Governments after governments have done their bit, but still, the number of youth is unemployed. To understand the problem and the factors leading to it as well as its solutions; I have given below three speeches on unemployment for my readers.

Short and Long Speech on Unemployment

Good afternoon everyone. Respected Principal Sir, teachers, and my very dear friends. I am here to give a speech on unemployment.

We all know how big a problem is unemployment. It severely hampers the growth of the nation and generates various social problems. It is well known that being the world’s second-most populous country, India has alarming unemployment statistics.

If we look a little back, we would know that unemployment wasn’t an alarming issue around five decades back as it is today. Tremendous population growth since then is to be blamed for unemployment today.

Having said that I must say that two things need to be implemented on war footings to counter unemployment. Firstly, there should be an effective family planning policy to control any further rise in population. Secondly, the government should start thinking about providing a means of income generation rather than traditional employment.

I am happy that the Government of India has introduced schemes like Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP), which provides financial and technical aid to the rural population for generating their own source of income.

It is only in these schemes and their effective implementation that India’s answer to unemployment lies. Thank You!

Good morning dear friends! A very warm welcome to our Principal Sir, teachers, and respected guests. I am here to give a speech on unemployment.

As you all know that unemployment is a burning issue these days. It is very common to see political parties blaming each other for the present unemployment status in the country. But, I would only say that it is very easy to put blame on others and very difficult to find solutions. My appeal to all the political parties whether in power or in opposition is that we should overcome the differences and must find a solution for the unemployment, together, for it is damaging the growth of the nation, more than anything else.

Let’s talk about some statics to let you know how severe the situation is. The unemployment data is collected every five years by the Ministry of Employment and labor. Around 31 million Indians are jobless. Also around 393 million work in poor conditions with no job security at all.

With these statistics, it is easy to assess the problems India faces in the form of unemployment. Few are employed and many even face the danger of losing their job.

This puts tremendous pressure on the government to generate employment. But, the already over-employed government and private sectors provide less hope. So what should the government do? The solution lies in opening up and expanding the venues of self-employment.

Rather than generating jobs, the government must concentrate on giving a regular source of income to the unemployed. This may come in the form of loans handed out for opening a shop or small trades like handicrafts, honey farming, and several other similar industries.

People must be provided financial aid and necessary training in their respective trades of choice. I think this is the most feasible solution to tackle unemployment. Thank You!

Good Morning everyone! I am thankful to you all for giving your precious time for this assembly. I am grateful to Principal Sir and teachers for giving me this opportunity to address you all today.

I am here to give a speech on education and I hope that you will all enjoy it and also try to understand my views.

We all know how important is an education in our life and what role it plays in shaping our future. In fact, education not only shapes the future of an individual but also the future of the society as well. After all, society is nothing but a group of individuals, so the more educated they are, the better oriented and disciplined society will be.

Education, most importantly, the primary education, must be provided to every child. Because, I believe that a childhood without education will lead to a life of poverty, misery, and unemployment. A nation that is still a developing economy, can’t take that chance!

The solution to most of the problems that we face today – poverty, unemployment, despair, crime, etc. lies in educating our children and masses. If we educate our children today, we will have literate and worth citizens tomorrow.

We also need to understand that education has many spheres where it could be implemented. It is not necessary that education only means reading books, sitting on benches and writing exams, etc. There is a lot more to it that we must acknowledge now.

There is something called vocational education; I am sure many of you must have heard the word before. Vocational education is a kind of training program provided to the students to make them industry-ready. Several skills required by the industries are imparted into the students so that they can be employed easily in the respective industries. This is like a life-saving program for those who didn’t have a chance to gain a formal education. It also significantly reduces unemployment in society and raises the living standard.

Then there is adult education. I think that adult education is one of the most important forms of education, which has the potential for transforming society as a whole. It is a kind of informal education meant for the uneducated adults, provided by volunteers and teachers.

There are many adults who have spent their whole life without even going to school for a single day. There are school dropouts, women, who never had formal education.

Adult education makes them independent by teaching them the necessary everyday skills. As you see my friends, that education is way vaster and has several definitions.

I believe that education constitutes everything that changes one’s life for better; educate him or her about a subject or imparts necessary skill; teaches how to live fruitfully in a way so that we give back to the society as well.

We are lucky that we are getting top-class education in this esteemed institute under the skilled guidance of our teachers. We must make the best out of it and turn it into an ocean of possibilities not only for ourselves but also for the society.

Our education will only be fruitful in the true sense if we use it to give back to society. Being responsible citizens of the nation, it is our duty to use our education for the development of the nation, in whatever way we can.

I think I have said enough on education and hope that I was able to make an impact on you all for good. With this, I end my speech! Thank You!

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English Summary

1 Minute Speech on Social Issues In English

A very good morning to one and all present here. Today, I will be giving a short speech on the topic of ‘social issues’.

Wikipedia defines the term ‘social issues’ as follows: “A social issue is a problem that affects many people within a society. It is a group of common problems in present-day society and ones that many people strive to solve. It is often the consequence of factors extending beyond an individual’s control.”

Simply put, social issues as those issues that are common to society as a whole at large. Today, society has various issues plaguing it. Some examples would be economic problems such as poverty, socio-psychological problems such as unemployment, unequal opportunity, racism, substandard housing, employment discrimination, health problems such as malnutrition, political problems such as immigration and civil rights, child abuse and neglect and environmental problems such as climatic changes.

Finding problems to alleviate these social issues is of the essence. A country will only be fully developed when it’s free of these issues. 

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Paragraph on Unemployment

Unemployment is the biggest enemy of the economy. What it is, its cause, its effect, and its solution, everything is discussed in the paragraphs below. You must read all of them to be completely aware of the topic.

Short and Long Paragraphs on Unemployment

Paragraph 1 – 100 words.

Unemployment is a state in which a person is not able to earn a living due to a lack of work. It is not desirable for the individual as well as for the whole nation. Society treats an unemployed person with inferiority. It is a serious problem but not an unsolvable.

Unemployment gives rise to many other problems in our society. It may result in famine, poverty, higher criminal activities, and terrorism, etc. The government is taking several measurements to stop or reduce unemployment in India. We should support the government and those who are working on reducing it to the minimum.

Paragraph 2 – 120 Words

Unemployment is like cancer for the society. It slowly but gradually destroys the whole economy. It causes equal harm to the family, society and the country as well. There can be many reasons for the widespread unemployment in the nation. We need to focus on every cause of unemployment individually.

The uncontrolled population is the most serious reason for unemployment. Many countries in the world are suffering from unemployment due to overpopulation. The lack of education and the poor education system are also the reason for growing unemployment in an economy. Their effect lasts longer and wrecks the economy deeply. There are many other reasons for unemployment like the fall of the economy, less saving and investment, weak planning, etc.

Paragraph 3 – 150 Words

Unemployment in the economy pulls it back several hundred years. To solve the problem of unemployment, we must understand what kind of it is. Unemployment has various types, and each of its types has its separate reason and effect. All of them put some adverse impacts on society.

Some important types of unemployment are cyclical, seasonal, frictional, structural and voluntary unemployment. Cyclical unemployment arises when the demand for a good or service goes down drastically in an economy. Seasonal unemployment is associated with those industries which open in some specific season. Agriculture is a field where seasonal unemployment is the most.

There is a situation in which an individual does not want to work for some reason. This kind of unemployment means voluntary unemployment. It is voluntary and completely based on the choice of the person. All these falls under unemployment and they put equal and destructible effects on society.

Paragraph 4 – 200 Words

Unemployment is when a large fraction of the population does not participate in productive works but uses available resources. It brings the economy in loss and makes it underdeveloped. Not a single nation of the world would ever prefer to be in such a situation.

Unemployment is a very pathetic state of an economy. The sooner this problem is eliminated, the better it is for the country. Controlling the population of the nation can be the best possible solution to unemployment. In an economy with a balanced population, everyone will get a chance to show his skills. Available jobs will be sufficient for the available human capital.

Improving the education system may also help us in getting rid of the problem of unemployment. Well educated and skilled youth will no longer wander to get appropriate jobs. Also, the best education will help them in diverting from the terrorists and other criminal activities.

There are many ways of removing the problem of unemployment, and the government is also working on them. We should also realize our responsibility towards our nation and work for its development. We can remove the problem of unemployment only when we all will work for it collectively and sincerely.

Paragraph 5 – 250 Words

Unemployment is an undesirable state of the economy. Almost no country in the world is untouched by the problem of unemployment. Unemployment has made a place in every economy. It is not beneficial for the country or society in any way. The level of unemployment is indicative of the deformed economy of the country.

Unemployment is one of the major problems in developing countries. A country going through the problem of unemployment suffers from the loss of both labor and time. Most of its population sits idle and becoming unproductive. Subsequently, it completely stops the economic growth of the country.

The main reason behind widespread poverty in India is unemployment. An employed person cannot feed his family and himself, and thus they fall in the poverty zone. It also becomes a reason for the increasing number of suicides in the country. People choose to die rather than living in unemployment and poverty.

Certainly, an unemployed person will wander to feed himself and fulfill his basic needs. It makes him be a criminal and earn money for his livelihood by any means. So unemployment is also a reason for increasing the crime rate in the nation.

Political instability is the result of unemployment which works as a barrier to the economic development of a country. It creates a conflict between the owner of the industries and their worker. The constant conflict may lead to protests and violence. All these outcomes of unemployment are unacceptable so they must be removed as soon as possible.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions

Ans. India’s unemployment rate is 7.2 percent (by May 2021).

Ans. Tripura is the most unemployed state of India.

Ans. Burkina Faso has the highest unemployment rate in the world.

Ans. Unemployment is caused due to a lack of job opportunities and overpopulation.

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8.3 What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Short Run

Learning objectives.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

  • Analyze cyclical unemployment
  • Explain the relationship between sticky wages and employment using various economic arguments
  • Apply supply and demand models to unemployment and wages

We have seen that unemployment varies across times and places. What causes changes in unemployment? There are different answers in the short run and in the long run. Let's look at the short run first.

Cyclical Unemployment

Let’s make the plausible assumption that in the short run, from a few months to a few years, the quantity of hours that the average person is willing to work for a given wage does not change much, so the labor supply curve does not shift much. In addition, make the standard ceteris paribus assumption that there is no substantial short-term change in the age structure of the labor force, institutions and laws affecting the labor market, or other possibly relevant factors.

One primary determinant of the demand for labor from firms is how they perceive the state of the macro economy . If firms believe that business is expanding, then at any given wage they will desire to hire a greater quantity of labor, and the labor demand curve shifts to the right. Conversely, if firms perceive that the economy is slowing down or entering a recession, then they will wish to hire a lower quantity of labor at any given wage, and the labor demand curve will shift to the left. Economists call the variation in unemployment that the economy causes moving from expansion to recession or from recession to expansion (i.e. the business cycle) cyclical unemployment .

From the standpoint of the supply-and-demand model of competitive and flexible labor markets, unemployment represents something of a puzzle. In a supply-and-demand model of a labor market, as Figure 8.5 illustrates, the labor market should move toward an equilibrium wage and quantity. At the equilibrium wage (We), the equilibrium quantity (Qe) of labor supplied by workers should be equal to the quantity of labor demanded by employers.

One possibility for unemployment is that people who are unemployed are those who are not willing to work at the current equilibrium wage, say $10 an hour, but would be willing to work at a higher wage, like $20 per hour. The monthly Current Population Survey would count these people as unemployed, because they say they are ready and looking for work (at $20 per hour). However, from an economist’s perspective, these people are choosing to be unemployed.

Probably a few people are unemployed because of unrealistic expectations about wages, but they do not represent the majority of the unemployed. Instead, unemployed people often have friends or acquaintances of similar skill levels who are employed, and the unemployed would be willing to work at the jobs and wages similar to what those people are receiving. However, the employers of their friends and acquaintances do not seem to be hiring. In other words, these people are involuntarily unemployed. What causes involuntary unemployment ?

Why Wages Might Be Sticky Downward

If a labor market model with flexible wages does not describe unemployment very well—because it predicts that anyone willing to work at the going wage can always find a job—then it may prove useful to consider economic models in which wages are not flexible or adjust only very slowly. In particular, even though wage increases may occur with relative ease, wage decreases are few and far between.

One set of reasons why wages may be “sticky downward,” as economists put it, involves economic laws and institutions. For low-skilled workers receiving minimum wage , it is illegal to reduce their wages. For union workers operating under a multiyear contract with a company, wage cuts might violate the contract and create a labor dispute or a strike. However, minimum wages and union contracts are not a sufficient reason why wages would be sticky downward for the U.S. economy as a whole. After all, out of the 73.3 million or so employed workers in the U.S. economy who earn wages by the hour, only about 1.1 million—less than 2% of the total—do not receive compensation above the minimum wage. Similarly, labor unions represent only about 12% of American wage and salary workers. In other high-income countries, more workers may have their wages determined by unions or the minimum wage may be set at a level that applies to a larger share of workers. However, for the United States, these two factors combined affect only about 15% or less of the labor force.

Economists looking for reasons why wages might be sticky downwards have focused on factors that may characterize most labor relationships in the economy, not just a few. Many have proposed a number of different theories, but they share a common tone.

One argument is that even employees who are not union members often work under an implicit contract , which is that the employer will try to keep wages from falling when the economy is weak or the business is having trouble, and the employee will not expect huge salary increases when the economy or the business is strong. This wage-setting behavior acts like a form of insurance: the employee has some protection against wage declines in bad times, but pays for that protection with lower wages in good times. Clearly, this sort of implicit contract means that firms will be hesitant to cut wages, lest workers feel betrayed and work less hard or even leave the firm.

Efficiency wage theory argues that workers' productivity depends on their pay, and so employers will often find it worthwhile to pay their employees somewhat more than market conditions might dictate. One reason is that employees who receive better pay than others will be more productive because they recognize that if they were to lose their current jobs, they would suffer a decline in salary. As a result, they are motivated to work harder and to stay with the current employer. In addition, employers know that it is costly and time-consuming to hire and train new employees, so they would prefer to pay workers a little extra now rather than to lose them and have to hire and train new workers. Thus, by avoiding wage cuts, the employer minimizes costs of training and hiring new workers, and reaps the benefits of well-motivated employees.

The adverse selection of wage cuts argument points out that if an employer reacts to poor business conditions by reducing wages for all workers, then the best workers, those with the best employment alternatives at other firms, are the most likely to leave. The least attractive workers, with fewer employment alternatives, are more likely to stay. Consequently, firms are more likely to choose which workers should depart, through layoffs and firings, rather than trimming wages across the board. Sometimes companies that are experiencing difficult times can persuade workers to take a pay cut for the short term, and still retain most of the firm’s workers. However, it is far more typical for companies to lay off some workers, rather than to cut wages for everyone.

The insider-outsider model of the labor force, in simple terms, argues that those already working for firms are “insiders,” while new employees, at least for a time, are “outsiders.” A firm depends on its insiders to keep the organization running smoothly, to be familiar with routine procedures, and to train new employees. However, cutting wages will alienate the insiders and damage the firm’s productivity and prospects.

Finally, the relative wage coordination argument points out that even if most workers were hypothetically willing to see a decline in their own wages in bad economic times as long as everyone else also experiences such a decline, there is no obvious way for a decentralized economy to implement such a plan. Instead, workers confronted with the possibility of a wage cut will worry that other workers will not have such a wage cut, and so a wage cut means being worse off both in absolute terms and relative to others. As a result, workers fight hard against wage cuts.

These theories of why wages tend not to move downward differ in their logic and their implications, and figuring out the strengths and weaknesses of each theory is an ongoing subject of research and controversy among economists. All tend to imply that wages will decline only very slowly, if at all, even when the economy or a business is having tough times. When wages are inflexible and unlikely to fall, then either short-run or long-run unemployment can result. Figure 8.6 illustrates this.

Figure 8.7 shows the interaction between shifts in labor demand and wages that are sticky downward. Figure 8.7 (a) illustrates the situation in which the demand for labor shifts to the right from D 0 to D 1 . In this case, the equilibrium wage rises from W 0 to W 1 and the equilibrium quantity of labor hired increases from Q 0 to Q 1 . It does not hurt employee morale at all for wages to rise.

Figure 8.7 (b) shows the situation in which the demand for labor shifts to the left, from D 0 to D 1 , as it would tend to do in a recession. Because wages are sticky downward, they do not adjust toward what would have been the new equilibrium wage (W 1 ), at least not in the short run. Instead, after the shift in the labor demand curve, the same quantity of workers is willing to work at that wage as before; however, the quantity of workers demanded at that wage has declined from the original equilibrium (Q 0 ) to Q 2 . The gap between the original equilibrium quantity (Q 0 ) and the new quantity demanded of labor (Q 2 ) represents workers who would be willing to work at the going wage but cannot find jobs. The gap represents the economic meaning of unemployment.

This analysis helps to explain the connection that we noted earlier: that unemployment tends to rise in recessions and to decline during expansions. The overall state of the economy shifts the labor demand curve and, combined with wages that are sticky downwards, unemployment changes. The rise in unemployment that occurs because of a recession is cyclical unemployment.

The St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank is the best resource for macroeconomic time series data, known as the Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED). FRED provides complete data sets on various measures of the unemployment rate as well as the monthly Bureau of Labor Statistics report on the results of the household and employment surveys.

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Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/principles-macroeconomics-3e/pages/1-introduction
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Speech on Unemployment In India

Unemployment in India is a serious issue affecting many lives. It’s when people who can work don’t have jobs. In the second-largest population in the world, this problem is quite big. Let’s understand more about it.

1-minute Speech on Unemployment In India

Good day, everyone!

Today, I am going to talk about a serious issue that our country, India, is facing – Unemployment. Unemployment means not having a job. Imagine, you are all grown up, educated, ready to work, but there are no jobs available. Sounds scary, right? That’s what many people in India are experiencing.

Firstly, let’s talk about the causes. Our education system is one of the main reasons. We are taught to remember things, not to understand and apply them. This means even after getting degrees, many people lack the skills needed for jobs. Also, our population is growing faster than the jobs being created. So, there are too many people and too few jobs.

Secondly, let’s discuss the effects. Unemployment leads to poverty because when people don’t have jobs, they don’t earn money. Without money, they can’t buy food, clothes or pay for a place to live. It’s a tough situation. Moreover, it can also lead to sadness and frustration, affecting people’s wellbeing.

Lastly, let’s talk solutions. We need to change our education system to focus more on skills, not just marks. We should encourage entrepreneurship, which means people starting their own businesses. The government should also create more job opportunities.

In conclusion, unemployment is a big problem in India. But every problem has a solution. If we all work together, we can overcome this. Remember, a nation’s strength lies in the hands of its working population. Let’s ensure that every hand is working and contributing towards building a better India.

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  • Essay on Unemployment In India

2-minute Speech on Unemployment In India

Dear Friends,

Today, I want to talk about a problem that affects millions of people in our country – Unemployment. In simple words, unemployment is when people who can work and want to work are not able to find jobs. This is a big problem in India.

First, let’s talk about why unemployment is a problem. When people don’t have jobs, they don’t have money to buy things they need like food and clothes. This makes life very hard for them and their families. It also means they can’t contribute to the economy, which is like a big machine that needs everyone to do their part to keep running smoothly.

Second, let’s look at why there is so much unemployment in India. One reason is that there are not enough jobs for everyone who wants to work. This is because our economy is not growing fast enough to create new jobs. Also, many people in India do not have the right skills or education to do the jobs that are available. This is called a skills gap.

Third, let’s think about what we can do to solve this problem. One solution is to invest more in education and training. This will help people learn the skills they need to find good jobs. We also need to encourage more businesses to start and grow in India. This will create more jobs for everyone.

Finally, I want to talk about why it’s important for all of us to care about this issue. Unemployment is not just a problem for the people who can’t find jobs. It’s a problem for all of us. When people are unemployed, they can’t buy things, and businesses can’t sell things. This slows down the economy and makes life harder for everyone.

In conclusion, unemployment is a big problem in India. But it’s a problem we can solve. By investing in education and encouraging business growth, we can create more jobs and help everyone have a better life. Let’s all work together to make this happen.

Thank you for listening.

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short speech unemployment problem

See the official Rolling Stones web site in Russia , also having info in English!

How "the rolling stones" solve the problem of unemployment in moscow, their own uncompetence, their own openess, thanks to constantin preobrazhensky (moscow) for supplying info about the web site and the stones show in russia. also thanks to leonid ulitsky , italy, for info..

short speech unemployment problem

CBSE Library

Unemployment Speech

Unemployment Speech | Speech on Unemployment Speech for Students and Children in English

Unemployment Speech:  Unemployment is a severe issue restrained to any particular country but faced by all countries of the world during a period of recession. However, the type of unemployment may vary from one country to another, like India’s case; it is chronic unemployment, which has made it a significant problem in India.

Unemployment can be defined as the unavailability of jobs for people who are willing to work. Among many reasons, high population and consequently increase in demand has led to the unemployment problem in India. However, in some other countries, unemployment may occur due to the recession period of the business cycle.

Unemployment should not be ignored in a country as it can become the reason for its doom if not taken into account.

Students can also find more  English Speech Writing  about Welcome Speeches, Farewell Speeches, etc

Long And Short Speeches On Unemployment for Kids And Students in English

In this article, we provide a long speech for students and children on the Unemployment problem with about 500 words and another short speech with 150 words approximately on the same topic.

These speeches can help anyone who is looking forward to presenting a speech on the topic, as mentioned above, be it students, teachers, or any other research person.

Furthermore, we have also included ten Lines on the topic and some FAQs to make the content clearer to our readers.

A Long Speech on Unemployment is helpful for students of classes 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. A Short Speech on Unemployment is helpful to students of classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

Long Speech On Unemployment 500 Words In English

Good morning/afternoon/ evening to everyone present here, I am obliged to welcome each of you to discuss a severe and emerging problem of the world, unemployment.

Before getting into the topic, I would like to give a small gist of how and why a country is faced with unemployment. Some of the most common and primary reasons could be population growth, slow economic growth, slow growth of service and economic sectors, seasonal unemployment and decrease of small scale industries, etc.

These being some of the most common reasons for unemployment in India, the situation has worsened so much that people with high degrees are on the verge of unemployment either due to no jobs or due to a low pay scale. Apart from these, there is a significant population in India that is linked to the agricultural sector.

In the agricultural sector as well we get disguised unemployment, without people even being aware of it. Another problem of the agricultural sector is that many crops or plantations only provide employment during the harvesting month or when the crop is finally ready to be sold; the remaining time proves to be jobless for many farmers. This gives rise to seasonal unemployment.

Unemployment is a tragedy for the individual who feels he/ she is incapable of earning a living and for their families who have to go through a hard time. Moreover, it is a tragedy for the country and cannot cater to the rising talent among its youth, and misses out on the untapped talent.

The youth of the country or the young generation is hard-working, and they are ambitious. They have great talent, but it becomes difficult to even for the Government to cater to huge demand, and this has given more condition to the idea of “the best one wins.”

The population of educated people is increasing by each passing day, and the Government is unable to employ them at workplaces. The literate youth is not satisfied with the inconsistent salary offered to them, and the danger of unemployment makes the situation worse.

Since most youths do not have the technical knowledge or practical expertise, they are also offered clerical jobs with not enough to accommodate their satisfactional needs.

Those who have technical knowledge even face more disappointment as they cannot get a decent job as per their qualifications due to the long lists of applicants available.

Though it was perfect that people are becoming more aware of the situation now and most of them are getting educated to secure a better future, one should have technical skills and knowledge of their studies that can help them in the long run. The change of curriculum by the Government will also help to improve this problem.

Thus, we have to overcome the situation of unemployment as a country, and each of us need to work on ourselves to make a better future. The Government should also take further steps to cater to the increasing yet talented demand.

Lastly, I would like to thank you, the audience, for having patience and turning up today for this noble cause.

Short Speech On Unemployment 150 Words In English 

Short Speech On Unemployment 150 Words In English

A very good morning/ evening to one and all present here, I appreciate your efforts to gather here to discuss the problem of unemployment in today’s world.

Unemployment is a significant problem in almost all countries of the world, be it developing or developed. However, the incidence of unemployment is different in both cases.

In the first case, the problem is chronic and affects the economy and wellbeing of the people. However, in developed countries, unemployment instead occurs due to the recession in the business cycle and temporary. It can also be voluntary unemployment, which does not affect the wellbeing of individuals.

India being a developing country, is no exception.

Here we have chronic unemployment, which has resulted in the brain drain of our country and many potent problems faced by our youth. Though the IT sectors have developed over the years, the underdevelopment of other sectors aggravates the problem.

Thus, government initiatives are required in this regard for a better future of the coming generation.

10 Lines On Unemployment Speech In English

  • The young generation is three times more likely to remain unemployed than the older generation.
  • It is estimated that 23% of the youth are currently unemployed in the world.
  • Seventy-five million people are trained each year but have no job.
  • In the year 2013, there were about 157.1 unemployed people throughout the world’s developing countries.
  • Among all regions, east India has the highest rate of unemployment.
  • However, 4.5% of East Asia’s unemployment rate, which is quite low.
  • Among other developing regions of the world, sub-Saharan Africa has the second most jobless people, followed by South Asia.
  • Around 600 million young people aged between 15-24 years are not into education, employment, or training.
  • The International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that the global youth unemployment rate is expected to reach 13.1% in 2016 and remained throughout 2017.
  • Almost 90% of young people live in developing countries in the world.

10 Lines On Unemployment Speech In English 

FAQs On Unemployment Speech

Question 1. What are unemployment insurance benefits?

Answer: Unemployment benefits refer to partial replacement of regular earnings and help one to meet expenses while one looks for another job. They are not based on financial needs.

Question 2. How do I stop claiming unemployment benefits?

Answer: The simple way to stop one’s claim is t stop filling your weekly claims. One may stop claiming at any time they wish to during the benefit year.

Question 3. In which type of employment, marginal productivity is zero?

Answer: In disguised unemployment, marginal productivity is zero because many workers are involved in the agricultural sector, whereas their contribution to the total output is zero.

Question 4. What type of unemployment is found in developed countries?

Answer: Voluntary unemployment is the most common type of unemployment found in developed countries.

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How the Soviets Work

Chapter 3: A SOVIET ELECTION

A General Election was going on in Russia during my stay this year. Save for the reports in the news-papers, one would hardly have suspected it. Experience has bred in me a great respect for Russian achievements in every form of publicity, and I found myself searching the walls of Moscow for posters and cartoons. Nothing of the kind was to be seen. It was only after a minute search that I did discover, posted up on the door of a public building, here and there, a sober document known as a nakaz, in which the Communist Party of Moscow gave an account of its administration during the past year, concluding with the promises, couched in somewhat dry and conventional language, which in all countries are expected on these occasions. For any rival document, for any answering manifesto, for any of the competing jibes, witticisms, invectives, and slander, which in other countries are usual at such moments, one would have looked in vain. I will not pretend that I did look with any active curiosity. For I had long ago grasped the essential fact about a modern Russian election. What is elsewhere a riot of discord is here a device for registering unanimity. In other countries the sovereign electors choose their governors. In Russia they ratify their governors' choice.

When one has placed it on record that no organized political party is allowed to exist in rivalry with the Communist Party, one has said almost all that need be said about these elections. The "Left" social-revolutionary Party, and the "Mensheviks" (Minority Social Democrats), did, indeed, survive for a time as tolerated rivals during the early years of the revolutionary period, but both of them have long ago disappeared "underground." There is no organization which could compile any alternative list of candidates, and if by mischance this were to happen in one electoral area, there could be no arrangement, even by clandestine means, to present lists of candidates of like opinions all over Russia. It might be contended that in theory this possibility does exist, but without the right to issue rival newspapers freely, or to print controversial leaflets, of what value would such a right be? "Election" may be the only name for these singular formalities which the dictionary allows, but it is not a happy translation. The Russian language has its idiosyncracies.

The underlying fact which explains this curiosity in elections is that the political system which prevails in Russia is not open to debate. It was set up by a coup d'etat. It had next to be defended against armed opponents in the Civil War. It became the accepted basis of political and economic life, because during this civil war, after bitter experience of the alternatives, the masses of the population did on the whole rally to it, did on the whole defend it, at a terrible cost in blood and suffering, and did on the whole acquiesce in the leader-ship of the Communist Party. What was won at such a cost in life and treasure, that Party will not expose to the hazards of argument, or the chances of the voting urn. On that point the rulers of Russia are as frank as they are determined. Whether in fact a free election, preceded by an equally free period of public controversy, would result in a majority for the system, one can only conjecture. My own belief is that a decided majority would ratify it. The question, however, is academic; the experiment will never be tried. The Communists are content to argue, as they have every right to do, that whatever the arithmetic of heads might show, the arithmetic of wills proved, against immense odds during the Civil War, that the mobile and effective weight of the Russian people is on their side.

We are apt, I think, to exaggerate the extent to which they differ in their practice from the defenders of other systems, who profess an unlimited loyalty to democracy. Could the Declaration of Independence be made an issue at an American election? Save in minor matters of legal interpretation; can one conceive an extensive and fundamental alteration of the American Constitution with-out a civil war?

If the critics of the Soviet system enjoy no scope, one must not forget that, up to the close of 1920, they fought with the aid of foreign subsidies to overthrow it, and that to this day their organizations abroad omit no opportunity of arousing foreign hostility to it. These are not the conditions in which democracy can thrive.

No large issues of policy are ever settled at a Soviet election. When necessity does require a sharp change of policy, it is invariably within the ranks of the Communist Party, and not at the elections for the Soviets, that the controversy is fought out. The business of an election is rather to choose persons who will carry out the day to day work of administration. The entire structure of the Soviet system lends itself naturally to this limitation. Only the local Soviets (the word, of course, means simply "Council") at the basis of the pyramid are directly elected by the masses of the citizens. The national and federal Soviets at the apex of the system are chosen by indirect election, and to these alone be-long legislative functions and the right to approve or reject any large change in national policy. The town and village Soviets, which are directly elected, are municipal authorities whose range of action and methods of work do not greatly differ from those of municipal bodies elsewhere. As in all the Soviets, from the bottom to the top, the various departments of the administration are directed by standing sub-committees, and every member of a Soviet has an individual task to perform in controlling or inspecting some of the public institutions or activities for which the Soviet is responsible.

The atmosphere of a Soviet Election in Moscow is, accordingly, rather nearer to that of an English municipal election than to that of a Parliamentary General Election. The problem is to choose practical men and women who will administer with good sense, in accordance with the prevailing views and interests of the electors. They must be in sympathy with the accepted system, but they are not necessarily members of the Communist Party. In the country, indeed, though rarely in the towns, the majority in the lower Soviets is usually "non-party," a phrase which usually implies some degree of sympathy with the Communist Party short of membership or the acceptance of its discipline. When one grasps these more or less inevitable limitations, the method by which the members are chosen seems rather more natural and rather less unreal.

The "Soviet" conception of citizenship is based, of course, upon work and not upon passive residence in a given electoral area. This idea sprang rather from the necessities of the class struggle than from theory, and it cannot be carried out with any precise symmetry. It works best of all in the towns, where each factory or workshop is a natural unit which elects its members to the municipal Soviet. But housewives, and men and women who work single-handed or in very small groups, have to vote by districts, very much as people vote else-where, while in the country the villages or small group of villages form the unit. The life and driving force of the system, however, comes from the factory. There it had its origin; there it found its ironsides in the Civil War; and thence it still draws its most active and zealous supporters. Let us see, then, how they voted in the "Three Hills" mill which we have already explored. [It was by accident rather than design that I chose a textile mill for study. The fighting and ruling forces of the Soviet State were drawn rather from the metal workers.]

On the walls of the factory, when I visited it, some days before the actual election, two lists of candidates had been posted, who sought election to the Moscow City Soviet, and to the less important rayon (ward) Soviet. There were also shorter lists of "substitutes," who would take the places of the elected members in case of death or prolonged absence on other duties. The factory had the right to return one delegate for each 600 of its workers; its allowance was, in fact, fourteen members. The singularity of this list was that it contained fifteen names. At their head stood Lenin. He had been their member while he lived, and they still paid to his memory this touching homage. They would have laughed unpleasantly at the orthodox conception of immorality, but for them the dead hero still lived in his works, and in the hearts of his followers. I thought of the Greek fishermen of the Aegean isles, who will hail one another after a storm with the traditional greeting "Alexander lives and reigns." After Lenin's name came that of Rykoff, his successor as chairman of the council of Commissars (the Russian Cabinet). This factory had been the pioneer in the revolutionary struggle, and it claimed the honor of returning the active head of the Soviet administration as its senior member. The remaining names were all those of workers or former workers in the factory. Seven of the fourteen were, as the list showed, members of the Communist Party; one was a member of the Communist League of Youth, and the rest were "non-party." Three of the fourteen were women.

Here, then, was the official list, containing a bare majority of professed Communists presented to the Electors for their ratification. There was no alternative list. By what method had it been compiled? The first step is that each member of last year's Soviet (the elections are annual) who desires to stand again, presents a report on his or her activity. A meeting then takes place between the Works Council and three hundred delegates, who represent small groups of the various categories of workers. At this meeting names are put forward, and there often follows a thorough discussion of the record and reputation of each. There is usually a vote on each name. In this way the first draft of the official list is compiled, under the supervision of the Works Council. It then goes before separate meetings of the various crafts in the factory, and at these it may be modified. In. its final form it is a selection presented by the Works Council to a general meeting of all the workers in the factory. At this meeting it is still theoretically possible to oppose any name in the list and to put forward another name to replace it; but of this right the electors rarely avail themselves, for the good reason that the preliminary procedure by which the list is prepared, does furnish some guarantee that it corresponds, on the whole, with the wishes of the electors. They are not consciously settling big issues of national policy, nor are they even directly choosing legislators. They are choosing average, trustworthy citizens, who will see that the administrative machine of the city runs efficiently for the common good of the working population. The atmosphere of the election and, indeed, of debates in the Soviets themselves, is strangely remote from "politics" as Western democracies conceive them. A big family, animated by a single purpose, sits down on these occasions to administer its common property.

The factory produces its own newspaper, The Spur, which appears fortnightly and is written entirely by workers under the direction of its branch of the Communist Party. Its contents during the election week are, perhaps, as good a sample as one could find of Soviet politics, as the average town worker sees them.

The number opens with a leading article in which every elector is summoned to take part in the elections. In the villages, we are told, sixty-five percent of the electors voted last year, in the factories eighty-five to ninety-five percent. There follows a commonplace appeal to close the ranks against the enemies of the working class and of the Soviet Government, and to vote for the lists of the Communist Party. Much more characteristic is a version of this appeal in rough rhyme:

"Comrades, remember Ilyich's (Lenin's) watchword. The time is ripe for every servant girl, while she is still in the kitchen, to learn how to govern Russia. The tasks before us are the practical work of building houses and increasing our output. We have many a hardship still to endure, and Russia needs you all. If you feel yourselves ill off, then elect active members of the Soviet to better your case. You are yourselves responsible for your own lot. Don't leave the work to others. Be bold, choose conscientious men who will carry out Lenin's ideas, and then be sure that your hardships will vanish and poverty disappear."

The heavy, business-like part of the election literature consisted in the official report of the Communist Party on. the years' work of the Moscow Soviet. It claimed that the Party had fulfilled its promises. It had increased the output of industry, bettered the conditions of the workers, and kept alive the unity between workers and peasants.

Industry within the county ("government") of Moscow, which is one-fifth of that of all-Russia, produced, in the fiscal year 1924-5, some 1,540 million roubles. The corresponding figure for 1925-6 was 2,150 millions, an increase in output of forty percent in the year. (One may remark that these are not delusive values, for prices were on the whole falling.)

Employment also had increased. In these two years the number of workers employed in industry in the county had risen from 358,400 to 436,800, an increase of twenty-two percent. Compared with pre-war figures, this meant an increase of thirteen percent.

The building and equipment of new industrial plants was going on rapidly. In the former year 13.4 millions were spent on this purpose, and in the latter year 28.8 millions. The estimates for the present year provided for an expenditure under this head of 33 millions.

There followed some statements which were rather less precise, as to the provision of new dwellings, drain-age, electric lighting, and water-supply for the workers' districts. The maintenance of the aged and infirm had been improved; one could note a gradual increase in real wages. Some burdens of taxation (especially on houses) had been lightened. Finally, to encourage farming, a fund of one million roubles had been created which would help to provide live stock and horses for the poorer peasants.

The peroration of this very practical document boasted that these results were due to the participation of the "broad masses" (a characteristic Russian phrase) in the work of governments, "a thing possible only under the Soviet system."

The similar report on the work of the Ward Soviet was on much the same lines. It contained one reference, however, to the aesthetic side of life-trees had been planted to beautify the streets. It noted considerable activity in summoning small private employers (Kustari) for breaches of the labor code.

The rest of the election news consisted of the reports of some of the retiring members of the Soviet. At the risk of wearying the reader, I shall give a few summarized extracts from these documents. Simple and even naive though they were, they seemed to me to reveal in rich, homely detail, more clearly than anything else that I met with in Russia, how in practice "the Soviet works." They may not be unbiased records of what these elected persons did, still less of what they failed to do. But they are outline portraits of these deputies as they hoped the electors would see them. They show incidentally how frank criticism may be under the Dictatorship.

No. 1 (a woman) was responsible for inspecting the houses of the old-age pensioners. She got their daily ration of white bread increased by half a pound, and saw that better meals were provided for the consumptives. She was distressed by conditions at the Labor Exchange; many de-mobilized Red Army men had failed for two years to get work; some workers fainted while waiting at the Exchange; the present manager is not the right man for this post.

No. 2 (a man) occupied himself with education, and stressed his insistence that preference should always be given to the children of the workers.

No. 3 (a woman) claims that, as the result of her inspection of eighteen schools, the expenditure on food, per month, per child, was raised from fifteen to twenty-three roubles.

No. 4 (a man) worked in the health section. He advocated a dispensary for venereal diseases and an increase in the number of beds both for adults and children. He was responsible for sending sick children to Yalta in the Crimea, and got an additional dispensary opened for the tuberculous, making the thirteenth in our district. He got a work-shop for winter use built in the home for children addicted to drugs (these pitiable little wretches are mainly orphans of the civil war and the famine, who for a time ran wild in the towns). He also insisted that less monotonous work ("fancy" sewing instead of making sacks) should be provided for the women who are being reclaimed in the home for prostitutes.

No. 5 (a woman) insisted that bed-linen should be changed monthly instead of fortnightly in the eye hospital.

No. 6 (a man) found many cases in small private workshops in which lads under eighteen were working over eight hours; the employers were prosecuted.

No. 7 (a woman) inspected five factories and found one in which there was no hospital. The workers had to walk seven versts to the nearest. This was remedied.

One does not wonder that expenditure increases, and that the central government is compelled from time to time to swing a ruthless economist's axe. But while the direct expenditure on the workers' children goes up, one notes no corresponding pressure to raise the wretched salaries of the teachers. The Soviet brand of democracy has been no more successful than our West-ern type in correcting this defect in its mechanism.

The final stage in a Russian Election is the general meeting which adopts the candidates and gives them their mandates. I missed this solemnity at the "Three Hills" factory (which, of course, elected the official list according to plan), but I do not doubt that what happened there resembled very closely the meeting which I attended at a big engineering works in Moscow. It employs about two thousand men and women and re-turns four members. The factory gates were carefully closed, for it was fulfilling a military contract, but an efficient pilot soon conducted me to the big work-shed in which the election meeting was going on. Planks had been placed upon barrels, and the big audience, part of it standing, part of it sitting, was listening attentively to an orator in a very simple khaki uniform.

He had obviously some connection with the Army, and I was wondering whether he was a private or non-commissioned officer when my pilot informed me that he was Vorosilof, the Commissar of the Red Army, or, as we should say in the West, the Minister of War. I was soon on the platform watching the faces below me.

There were many more men than women, and most of them seemed young or in the prime of life. I should guess that practically all the two thousand worker-voters must have been present. No speaker could have desired a more attentive audience. All felt, for the moment, alike; all were workers, and Russians; all had the same interests; there was no gap between speakers and audience, which also means that there was no gap between the workers and their government.

Part of the speech dealt in an optimistic mood with the determination of the government to lower prices; but the greater part of it was an answer to the note of remonstrance and menace which the British Government had just addressed to Moscow, by way of protest against its propaganda. Vorosilof was not bellicose, but he was firm in his assertion of the right of Russians to speak their own minds, in their own country, even about the British Government. The Soviet Government, he insisted, had not interfered in China, but Russians would make no secret of their sympathy with the masses of the Chinese nation in their struggle for liberty.

At the end of this speech (as at every pause in the proceedings) a military band played a few bars of The Internationale; the chairman asked the audience if it wished to discuss the speech, and, when hands showed that it had no such wish, the real business of the day began.

First came a deputation from the biggest textile mill in Moscow, the Three Hills Factory. A woman announced that it had elected the Communist list unanimously, and she urged us to do likewise and so give Sir Austen Chamberlain his answer. The band played, the audience cheered, and it was obvious that no further eloquence was needed.

The chairman then asked us if we had all read the Nakaz (manifesto). Our hands said "Yes." Did we agree with it? "Why, yes, of course," again said all the hands. Did we want to add anything to it? It seemed that we did. The textile factory wanted us to demand more tramway lines, and to insist that more room should be found for workers by limiting the number of "Nep men" (profiteers) who might inhabit any tenement, by ten percent. Why not?

Two rather handsome young girls of the "Pioneer" organization, resplendent in red ties, then came forward with two amendments. They insisted that more should be done for the homeless children of Moscow, and-could one conceive such a thing outside Russia?-they wanted more teaching of foreign languages in all schools. That, they maintained, was essential if we were to be good internationalists. We voted again and the proposals of the Pioneer girls were adopted. As they voted, they held their hands above their heads with their five fingers spread out-a naive symbol which means in their ritual: "The five Continents of the earth are more to me even than my own land."

And then at last came the election. The Works Council (the standing council of shop stewards) had a list to propose to us. The name of Vorosilof headed it in an honorary capacity, and then came four workers of the factory. We all cheered. We all assented. No one wanted to make any other nomination.

One read a glow of content and good fellowship on every face, and, as the proceedings closed, a private of the Red Air Force came to the platform and declared that if a rupture should come with Great Britain, he and his fellows would do their duty. I could not imagine a parallel proceeding at home. With us, privates do not speak as the equals of the Minister of War from the same fraternal platform.

A little startled, I began to realize that the election was over. It was exactly like what we call at home an "eve-of-the-poll rally." But with us, when we hold such a demonstration, we have the uncomfortable knowledge that at the same moment, in another hall, our opponents are holding an exactly similar meeting. In Russia it has been discovered that the other meeting is superfluous.

Its civic duty over, the audience felt genial and expansive. It formed itself into a procession, with the band at its head, and tramped to the House of the Moscow Soviet to demonstrate against the British Note. A big decorated car led the way, with torchbearers round it.

In the car, conspicuous in a silk hat, rose a youth who represented Sir Austen Chamberlain under arrest. A Red soldier guarded him, while a Chinaman and a not very convincing English miner triumphed at his defeat.

I think that in any event unanimity would have been attained, which, indeed, is the purpose of elections in Russia. But certainly Sir Austen Chamberlain helped us to reach it with more than the customary cordiality and good feeling.

Next: Chapter 4: A Village and its Soviet

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  26. How the Soviets Work: Chpt. 3

    Chapter 3: A SOVIET ELECTION. A General Election was going on in Russia during my stay this year. Save for the reports in the news-papers, one would hardly have suspected it. Experience has bred in me a great respect for Russian achievements in every form of publicity, and I found myself searching the walls of Moscow for posters and cartoons.