phd interview questions in chemistry

• Common PhD Interview Questions
• Applying to a PhD

In this guide, we’ll share 11 common PhD interview questions and our suggestions on how to answer them.

A PhD interview is an essential step in securing a doctorate position. This is because it enables the prospective supervisor to get to know you better and determine whether you’d be a good fit for the project. Equally, it provides you with the opportunity to learn more about the project and what the university offers. Although being asked to attend an interview by the admissions committee can be daunting, it’s actually a positive sign. It means that based on your application and academic qualification, the academic department believes you have the potential to make a good PhD student for the position.

Whilst most questions you’ll be asked during your PhD interview will focus on your proposed research project, a handful of generic questions will almost certainly be asked. To give yourself the best chance of succeeding in the interview, we highly recommend that you prepare answers to these generic questions beforehand.

Without further delay, here are 11 common PhD interview questions and tips on how you should answer them.

1. Tell Us About Yourself

It comes at no surprise that this common ice-breaker question is at the top of our list. This question will likely be asked to help you calm your initial nerves and settle into your interview. As this is a warm-up question, aim to give the interviewer a general overview about yourself as opposed to a detailed breakdown. To achieve this, structure your answer into three sections:

• Academic History : start with a summary of your academic background – where and what have you studied? What grades did you achieve?
• Research Topic : go onto explain your research interest in your chosen topic – what do you like about it? Do you intend to pursue a career related to it upon obtaining your degree?
• Why a PhD : Finish with why you want to undertake a PhD – do you want to make a contribution to science? Do you want to get a job in academia?

2. Why Do You Want to Do A PhD?

Although you may have touched on this in your answer to the above, your interviews will want to know more of the detail if they ask this question as a direct followup.

Though it may appear obvious, the interviewer is specifically interested in discovering your personal motivations for undertaking a PhD . Too often, students answer this question by listing the benefits of a PhD. Not only will the interviewer already know the benefits of a PhD, but a generic answer also won’t help you stand out among the other applicants.

To answer this question and leave a lasting impact, try to include an academic or personal experience that has strengthened your passion for research. As well as this, outline what your career aspirations are and explain how the proposed PhD will help you achieve them. The key to selling yourself here is to let the interviewer know how passionate you are about the project without having to say it.

3. Why Did You Choose This Project?

This is your chance to show that you have researched the University, supervisor and project.

First, talk about the project. Is there a particular aspect that you’re interested in? If so, mention it. This will show that you’re engaged in the topic and already have a basic understanding of the field. Besides this, a great way to show that you’ve really looked into the research topic would be to discuss a certain part of the methodology the project could adopt.

Next, talk about the University – there may be several universities offering similar projects, but what makes this one stand out? Is it their resources? Is it the prospective supervisor’s research group? Is it their previous involvement in previous influential studies? Again, show that you’ve adequately researched the University and clearly understand what makes it unique.

Finally, you can mention if your decision to apply to their university has been influenced by the expertise of the proposed supervisor. Given that the supervisor will be highly knowledgeable in the research topic you’re applying to, it’s possible they may have contributed to some significant findings in it. If so, it’s acceptable to acknowledge this by mentioning how you would like the opportunity to work under their guidance. However, be careful not to overdo. Although you may be sincere in your answer, it can go against you if your supervisor feels like you’re trying to flatter him. To avoid giving this impression, focus on how his or her expertise will help you develop into a competent researcher.

4. Why Should We Choose You?

A very blunt question, but your PhD supervisor will want to make sure you’re the best candidate for the position. This is especially true given they’ll be responsible for supporting you over the next few years. Therefore, the primary aim of your answer will be to reassure them you have the skills and experience required to undertake a doctoral study. To achieve this, identify the critical knowledge and skills required for the project and discuss how you meet each of these. Follow up each justification with a short, relevant example to help give your answers more impact.

When asked this question, some students tend to just summarise their academic CV and cover letter . This isn’t an effective way to answer the question as you’re telling the supervisor information they already know about you. It’s fine to reiterate a few key points, however, try to delve deeper into what you can offer going forward as opposed to what you’ve achieved in the past. As part of your answer, identify the soft skills which will be imperative to the doctorate and state how you have each of these. These can include skills such as effective communication, great time management, problem-solving, adaptability and high work ethic.

5. How Did You Come up With This Project?

If you’ve developed your own research proposal , then expect to have to defend it as part of your interview. You should have a thorough understanding of what the current gaps in knowledge are surrounding your research topic and how these could limit the findings of your study. Besides this, you’ll want to show that you’re clear on what the key aims and objectives of your project are and appreciate how they could contribute to your field of research. This last point is essential in convincing the interviewers this project is a worthy pursuit. What makes your project groundbreaking and worth dedicating several years to?

The interviewer wants to know if you have thought out all aspects of your project and so will likely scrutinise the finer details of your proposal. Therefore, be ready to outline the literature you’ve read and discuss how you evaluated different methodologies before suggesting your current one.

If you want an edge over other students, you can also produce a high-level plan, similar to the one below (but with more detail), which outlines the different phases of your research project. This can include stages such as the literature review, undertaking experiments, producing your thesis and preparing for your viva voce. Although they won’t expect your plan to be fully accurate, especially given how dynamic research projects can be, it will show your positive attitude towards being imitative and taking responsibility for your project.

6. What Challenges Are You Expecting to Encounter in This Project?

A common PhD interview question students struggle with is “What difficulties do you think you will face?” This purpose of this question is to check how much you’ve thought about the project. Students who provide a poor answer generally do so as they think admitting to any potential difficulties may make them seem incompetent. This couldn’t be any further from the truth.

Identifying potential difficulties shows the interviewers you’ve given serious thought to the project. This reassures the supervisor that should you run into difficulties during the research, you’re not only capable of identifying them but also mature enough to do so. Not highlighting potential difficulties, whether it’s due to a lack of confidence or understanding the project, suggests your project will be vulnerable to problems which could go amiss.

When answering this question, try to follow up on each potential difficulty with how you intend to address it. This can include measures such as making use of internal development opportunities, enrolling onto external training courses or signing up to specific research master classes.

7. What Are Your Strengths and Weaknesses?

This is a standard question for most interviews, and a PhD interview is no different.

Pick strengths that compliment your PhD programme. For example, if applying to a Physics or Engineering PhD, mentioning you have good attention to detail would be highly beneficial given the amount of data analysis involved. Try to support each of your claims with a relevant example. Using the above case as an example, you could discuss how as part of your Bachelor’s or Master’s dissertation project, your high attention to detail allowed you to streamline some of your experiments or identify potential problems with your data.

Likewise, try to discuss a weakness that won’t be detrimental to your research project. An example of something you would want to avoid would be “I have a tendency to put the hard tasks off until the end until I know I should really start working on them to not miss any deadlines“. Although this may seem like a harmless response, it will seriously concern the interview panel. This is because a model student will need to be consistent in their efforts to meet the challenging workload, even in times of difficulty. As before, follow up your weakness with a plan on how you intend to address it. For example, if you state your weakness as public speaking, a suitable follow up would be to discuss how you would like to work on it by presenting your research to undergraduate students and attending seminars.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

8. Can You Describe a Time You Encountered a Problem or Challenge and How You Approached It?

A key trait of all successful researchers is the ability to overcome problems independently. Given that even a minor problem can derail a research project, it’s important for your project supervisor to know whether you can adequately address them.

Despite what your example may me, try to cover the below three aspects as part of your answer:

• Identification – How did you identify the problem? Was a check you had in place triggered or did you stumble upon it naturally?
• Deconstruction – How did you break the problem down? Did you identify any assumptions or limitations which could have been associated with it? If so, how?
• Overcoming – How did you identify the solution? If you had several solutions, how did you determine the most sensible one? What did you learn from it?

Your example doesn’t need to relate directly to the research programme you’re applying to, however, it should be kept academic if possible. For example, you could discuss a challenge you encountered during your undergraduate dissertation project, such as limited literature on your research topic or inaccurate experiment results.

The key point to remember here is that a supervisor is there to supervise, not to fix all your problems. Not only will they not have the time do to this, but it will directly go against the ethical requirement of ensuring your work is yours and yours alone.

9. What Are Your Career Aspirations?

Your interviewers will want to see that you’ve considered what you will do after completing your PhD. This is to help them determine what your motivations are and to confirm that you want to enrol onto a PhD for the right reasons. It’s clear that anyone who has thought through their decision will have a long-term plan in mind, even if it’s a handful of well-considered options.

Don’t feel like your answer needs to relate to academia. One of the many benefits of a PhD degree is that it can lead to a variety of career paths. By being open with your true intentions, they can better determine what support and training you’ll require from them.

Despite your long-term goals, research into this and know the route you’d like to take post-PhD. A good understanding of your career plans and how to get there will go a long way in conveying your commitment to the project.

10. How Will You Fund This Project?

The interviewing panel will ask about this if your project is self-funded or conditionally funded (e.g. competitive funding schemes where funding is not guaranteed).

You don’t need to provide a complete breakdown of your savings, nor would they expect you to. The primary concern the interviewers want to address is that you’re fully aware of the costs associated with undertaking a PhD . If you intend to apply for external funding or take on a part-time job, mention this. In doing so, make sure you stress that you will base your part-time work around your PhD and not the other way around. The interviewers want to reassure themselves that you will make your research your top priority throughout the course of your degree.

11. Do You Have Any Questions for Us?

This interview is not only for the supervisors to evaluate you but also for you to evaluate them, the PhD project and University.

Although you will have already researched the position at length, ensure you ask questions when offered to do so. Asking questions will show that you’re engaged and are an individual who likes to make informed decisions. Not asking questions, or not asking well thought-out ones, will send the wrong message.

If you’re wondering what makes a great question, a quick internet search for “What questions should I ask at a PhD Interview?” show’s you’re not alone. Some examples of great questions to ask in a PhD interview are:

• Are there any major developments or partnerships planned for the department? – Although this won’t always be the case, the department may be planning to upgrade its research facilities or partner with another leading institution. Asking about this shows you’re genuinely enthusiastic about undertaking influential research.
• What are the supervision arrangements? – This is a great way to find out if your expectations match that of your potential supervisors. This can include aspects such as how often the two of you will meet and what level of support they intend to provide.
• Will there be any opportunities for teaching within the department? – If you intend to pursue an academic career after completing your research, this will be a brilliant way to show them you’re committed to your long-term plans. Even if you plan on following a different career path, asking will let you know whether there is any opportunity to earn whilst you study.
• What opportunities will I have for presenting my research? – This shows you intend to be an active member within your research field. This won’t be great only for your development but will help the university increase its research network and reputation in the wider community.

Other PhD Interview Tips and Advice to Help You Prepare

• Format – The format of the PhD interview varies depending on the University. If you’re unsure of what format your upcoming interview will follow, get in touch with the department you will interview with. They should be able to give you an idea about what to expect and how long it will typically last. This knowledge will prove invaluable when preparing for a PhD interview.
• Video interview – Some interviews will be conducted as either a phone interview or a skype interview. This is especially true if you’re an international student still within your home country. If so, conduct your interview in a place with a reliable internet connection and a clean backdrop.
• Attendance – Usually, your interview will comprise the primary and secondary supervisor. However, sometimes your interview panel can comprise non-technical staff or the Head of Department.
• Presentation – You may be asked to prepare a PhD interview presentation if you’re proposing your own research topic . If you’re requested to do this, keep it brief, use at least 80% of the time they permit and base it around your research proposal.
• Paperwork – Bring two to three copies of your application form, and if applicable, your research proposal. Although in most cases your interviewers would have bought their own copy, it’s better to be on the safe side.
• Etiquette – If you’re unsure of what to wear to a PhD interview, a good general rule of thumb is to wear what you would to a formal job interview. In other words, keep it formal. Additionally, learn how to pronounce the names of the interviewers and any other staff members you may mention beforehand.
• Practice – There’s a lot of truth in the old saying ‘practice makes perfect’. You will want to practise as many PhD interview questions as you can. Don’t just limit yourself to the ones discussed on here. Find as many PhD questions as you can and prepare draft answers for all of them. In fact, you don’t even need to limit yourself to questions specifically for PhD students. There are many out there that, although written for generic academic interviews or the job market, will be applicable to you. If you find yourself short on resources, try searching for ‘tell us a time when you…’ in google as these will provide great scenario-based questions you can practise with.

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PhD Interview Questions and Answers (13 Questions + Answers)

Most PhD applications include an interview. This allows your university (and perhaps even your prospective supervisor) to discuss the PhD with you in more detail.

This article lists some of the most common PhD interview questions along with their answers. The goal is to help you prepare for a PhD interview and pass with flying colors.

1) How did you develop this proposal?

When responding to this question, demonstrate your thought process, research skills, and the evolution of your ideas. Let's choose the subject of "Renewable Energy Integration in Urban Planning" as an example.

Sample answer:

"My proposal on 'Renewable Energy Integration in Urban Planning' originated from my undergraduate thesis on sustainable cities. Intrigued by the potential of renewable energy in urban environments, I conducted a literature review to identify gaps in current research. This review highlighted a lack of comprehensive strategies for integrating renewable technologies at a city-wide level. I then consulted with experts in urban planning and renewable energy, which provided practical insights into the challenges and opportunities in this field. I designed a methodology that combines spatial analysis with energy modeling to explore optimal renewable energy integration in urban landscapes. This proposal represents an amalgamation of academic research, expert consultation, and innovative methodology development."

This answer is effective because it mentions a literature review demonstrates the ability to conduct thorough research and identify gaps in existing knowledge.

2) Why do you wish to pursue a PhD?

For this question, it's important to articulate your passion for the subject, your long-term career goals, and how the PhD program aligns with these aspects.

Let's choose the subject of "Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare" for this example.

"I am passionate about leveraging technology to improve healthcare outcomes, and pursuing a PhD in Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare aligns perfectly with this passion. During my Master's, I was fascinated by the potential of AI to revolutionize diagnostic processes and personalized medicine. I believe a PhD will provide me with the deep technical knowledge and research skills necessary to contribute significantly to this field. My goal is to develop AI systems that enhance medical diagnostics, ultimately improving patient care and treatment efficiency. This PhD program, known for its pioneering research in AI and strong healthcare collaborations, is the ideal environment for me to develop these innovations and achieve my career aspirations in healthcare technology."

This is a great answer because you clearly state that the PhD will provide the necessary skills and knowledge, indicating a clear understanding of the purpose of the program.

3) Why do you think you are the right candidate for this PhD program?

Discuss how your research interests align with the program's strengths and the faculty's expertise. Explain how the program's resources, courses, and research opportunities can help you achieve your academic and career goals.

"I am deeply passionate about environmental science, particularly in the area of sustainable urban development. This passion was ignited during my master's program in Environmental Studies at XYZ University, where I completed a thesis on urban green spaces and their impact on city microclimates. This research not only honed my skills in data analysis and GIS mapping but also highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to environmental issues. I am drawn to your PhD program at ABC University because of its innovative research on sustainable urban planning and the renowned work of Professor Jane Smith in this field. Her research aligns with my interest in integrating green infrastructure into urban planning to mitigate climate change effects. My perseverance, attention to detail, and ability to synthesize complex data make me an ideal candidate for this challenging program. Pursuing this PhD is integral to my goal of becoming an environmental consultant, where I plan to develop strategies for cities to reduce their environmental footprint."

This response is effective because it mentions particular aspects of your experience and the program, avoiding generic statements. It also outlines how the PhD fits into your career path.

4) What do you plan to do after you have completed your PhD?

Be specific about the type of career you aspire to, whether it's in academia, industry, research, etc. Explain how the PhD will equip you with the skills and knowledge for your chosen career path.

"After completing my PhD in Computational Neuroscience, I plan to pursue a career in academia as a university professor. My doctoral research on neural network modeling will provide a strong foundation for teaching and conducting further research in this area. I aim to develop innovative courses that bridge computer science and neuroscience, addressing the growing demand for interdisciplinary knowledge in these fields. Additionally, I intend to continue my research on applying machine learning techniques to understand brain function, which has potential implications for developing new treatments for neurological disorders. This academic pathway allows me to contribute significantly to both education and research in Computational Neuroscience."

This is a great answer because it connects the PhD research directly to future career plans.

It also articulates how your work can impact both academia and the broader field of Computational Neuroscience.

5) Why have you chosen this specific PhD program?

Mention specific aspects of the program that attracted you, such as the curriculum, research facilities, faculty expertise, or reputation.

Explain how the program aligns with your research interests or academic background.

"I chose the PhD program in Artificial Intelligence at MIT because of its cutting-edge research and interdisciplinary approach, which perfectly aligns with my academic background in computer science and my passion for machine learning. The program's emphasis on both theoretical foundations and practical applications in AI is particularly appealing. Additionally, the opportunity to work under the guidance of Professor [Name], whose work in [specific area, e.g., neural networks or AI ethics] has deeply influenced my own research interests, is a significant draw. This program is an ideal fit for me to further develop my skills and contribute to the field of AI, ultimately aiming for a career in AI research and development in the tech industry."

This answer connects your background and goals to the program's offerings.

Including a specific professor's name shows detailed knowledge about the program and faculty.

6) What impact would you like your PhD project to have?

When answering this question, convey both the academic significance and the potential real-world applications of your research. Let's choose a project focused on developing eco-friendly battery technologies for electric vehicles for this example.

"My PhD project aims to develop new eco-friendly battery technologies for electric vehicles (EVs), addressing both the environmental impact of battery production and the efficiency of energy storage. I hope my research will contribute to the academic field by advancing our understanding of sustainable materials for energy storage, potentially leading to publications and patents. Beyond academia, I envision this project significantly impacting the EV industry by providing a more sustainable and efficient battery alternative. This innovation could play a crucial role in reducing the carbon footprint of transportation and supporting global efforts towards a greener future. Ultimately, I aspire for my work to not only advance scientific knowledge but also drive real-world changes in how we approach energy sustainability in transportation."

This is an excellent answer because it connects the project to larger environmental goals and societal benefits. It also reflects a forward-thinking approach, demonstrating your understanding of the project's potential long-term implications.

7) What difficulties would you expect to encounter during this project?

It's important to demonstrate awareness of potential challenges and convey a proactive mindset toward problem-solving. Let's choose a project focused on the development of a novel AI-driven diagnostic tool for early detection of neurological diseases for this example.

"In developing an AI-driven diagnostic tool for early detection of neurological diseases, I anticipate several challenges. Firstly, the accuracy and reliability of the tool depend heavily on the quality and diversity of the data used for training the AI algorithms. Obtaining a comprehensive dataset that adequately represents the population can be difficult due to privacy concerns and data availability. Secondly, ensuring the AI model's interpretability to be clinically useful while maintaining high performance is another challenge, given the complexity of neurological diseases. To address these, I plan to collaborate with interdisciplinary teams, including data privacy experts and neurologists, to source and utilize data ethically and effectively. I also intend to continuously refine the AI model, focusing on both its predictive accuracy and clinical applicability. These challenges, while significant, present valuable opportunities for innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration."

This response is effective because it clearly outlines realistic challenges specific to the AI diagnostic tool project. It also presents a proactive approach to overcoming these challenges, showing problem-solving skills.

8) How will you fund this project?

When answering this question, show that you've thought about the financial aspects of your research and are aware of funding sources that are available and applicable to your project. 

"I have identified multiple funding sources to support my renewable energy research project at Stanford University. Firstly, I plan to apply for the DOE Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) Program, which offers substantial support for projects focusing on sustainable energy. My proposal for this grant is already in progress, highlighting how my project aligns with the DOE's priorities in advancing clean energy technologies. Additionally, I'm exploring departmental fellowships at Stanford, particularly those aimed at renewable energy research. I am also keen on establishing industry partnerships, given the project's relevance to current energy challenges and the potential for collaborative funding and technological exchange. Last but not least, I will seek conference grants to present my research findings, which can lead to further academic collaborations and additional funding opportunities."

Notice how this answer mentions funding sources that align with the renewable energy focus of the project and the resources available at Stanford University.

9) Tell us about a time you experienced a setback

Focus on a situation relevant to your academic or research experience. Let's use a real-world example where a research experiment failed due to unexpected variables.

"During my Master’s thesis on the effects of soil composition on plant growth, I faced a major setback. My initial experiments, which involved growing plants in different soil types, failed to produce consistent results due to unanticipated environmental variations in the greenhouse. This was disheartening, especially as the deadline approached. However, I responded by reassessing my experimental setup. I consulted with my supervisor and decided to control more variables, such as humidity and temperature. I also refined my data collection methods to include more frequent soil and plant measurements. These adjustments led to more reliable results, and I successfully completed my thesis. This experience taught me the importance of adaptability in research and reinforced the value of meticulous experimental design."

This is a great answer because it shows how you’ve encountered and overcame a specific problem, demonstrating resilience and adaptability.

10) What are your strengths and weaknesses?

When answering this question, it's important to present a balanced view of yourself, showing self-awareness and a commitment to personal development. Choose strengths that are relevant to a PhD program and weaknesses that you're actively working to improve.

"One of my key strengths is my analytical thinking, which I demonstrated during my Master's project where I developed a novel algorithm for data analysis. This required me to not only understand complex theories but also apply them creatively to solve real-world problems. As for weaknesses, I sometimes struggle with overcommitment, taking on too many projects at once. This occasionally led to stress during my undergraduate studies. However, I am actively working on this by improving my time management skills and learning to prioritize tasks more effectively. I've started using project management tools and setting clear boundaries, which has already shown improvements in my workflow and stress levels."

This answer maintains a good balance between strengths and weaknesses. It also shows self-awareness, demonstrating a proactive approach to personal development.

11) Why have you chosen to study for a PhD at this university?

Mention specific aspects of the PhD program that attracted you. Explain how your research interests align with the work being done at the university.

"I am drawn to the PhD program in Astrophysics at Caltech due to its outstanding reputation in space research and the unparalleled resources available at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. My research interest lies in the study of exoplanets, and Caltech's active projects in this area, such as the Zwicky Transient Facility, align perfectly with my academic goals. The opportunity to work under the guidance of Professor [Name], known for pioneering work in exoplanetary atmospheres, is particularly exciting. Additionally, Caltech's collaborative environment and emphasis on interdisciplinary research are conducive to my professional growth, providing a platform to engage with experts from various fields in astrophysics."

This response directly connects your research interests with ongoing projects and facilities at Caltech. It also shows you’ve done your research on faculty members and their work.

12) What can you bring to this research group?

Focus on your unique skills, experiences, and perspectives that will contribute to the research group's success. Let's choose the field of Biomedical Engineering at Johns Hopkins University for this example.

"As a prospective member of the Biomedical Engineering research group at Johns Hopkins University, I bring a unique combination of skills and experiences. My expertise in microfluidics, honed during my Master’s research, aligns well with the group’s focus on developing lab-on-a-chip devices for medical diagnostics. I have also co-authored two papers in this field, demonstrating my ability to contribute to high-impact research. Additionally, my experience in a start-up environment, where I worked on developing portable diagnostic tools, has equipped me with a practical understanding of translating research into applications. I thrive in collaborative settings, often bringing interdisciplinary insights that foster innovative problem-solving. I am excited about the prospect of contributing to the group’s ongoing projects and introducing fresh perspectives to advance our understanding and application of biomedical technology."

This response shows your relevant expertise, ability to work in a team, and the unique perspectives you can offer, positioning you as a valuable addition to the research group.

13) Do you have any questions for us?

Asking good questions demonstrates your motivation. It also shows that you’ve given some genuine consideration to the project and/or program you’re applying to.

Some questions you can ask the interviewer include:

• What will the supervision arrangements be for the project?
• What kind of training and skills sessions are offered as part of the PhD program?
• How many other PhD students has this supervisor seen to completion?
• Are there any major developments or partnerships planned for the department?
• Are there likely to be any changes to the funding arrangements for the project?
• What opportunities will I have for presenting my research?

Remember: you’re a good student, with lots of potential. You’re considering at least three years of hard work with this university. You need to know that you’ll get on with your supervisor, that your work will be appreciated and that there are good prospects for your project.

What to wear to a PhD interview

Wear formal attire for a PhD interview. Your best bet is to wear a suit. A navy blue suit is the best and most versatile option. No matter your gender, a suit is always very professional.

For men, wear a suit with a tie, dress shirt, and dress shoes. For women, wear a suit (pantsuit or skirt suit) with a blouse, or conservative dress, and closed-toe shoes.

When in doubt, it’s better to be slightly overdressed than underdressed. The goal is to make a professional impression and feel confident, without your attire distracting from the conversation.

What to expect from a PhD interview

At its core, a PhD interview will consist of questions that allow your potential supervisors to get to know you better and have an understanding of what you’d like to study, why you’ve chosen your field of study, and whether you’d be a good fit for the PhD program.

You should expect general questions to help the interviewer get a sense of your likes and dislikes, and your overall personality.

Next, expect questions about your personal motivations for studying a PhD. Your interviewer will also be interested in any relevant experience you have to qualify you to study this PhD.

In the next section, expect questions about your PhD project. You should be prepared to discuss your project idea in detail and demonstrate to the interviewer that you are the ideal candidate.

Last but not least, the interviewer will discuss your future ambitions and give you an opportunity to ask questions. Remember that this interview goes both ways.

It’s important to ask the interviewer relevant questions to show your engagement and the serious consideration you are giving their program.

You are preparing to spend several years of your life at this school. Think about what is important to you and what would make or break your decision to attend this university.

Prepare a list of questions ahead of the interview.

Understanding the interviewer’s point of view

During a PhD interview, interviewers are typically looking for a range of traits that indicate whether you are well-suited for the rigors of a doctoral program and a research career.

These traits include:

Intellectual Curiosity and Passion: A strong enthusiasm for the subject area and a desire to contribute to and expand knowledge in the field.

Research Skills and Experience: Demonstrable skills in conducting research, including designing experiments, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting results. Prior research experience relevant to the PhD topic is often a plus.

Resilience and Perseverance: The capacity to handle setbacks and challenges, which are common in research, and to persist in the face of difficulties.

Collaboration and Teamwork: Although PhD research can be quite independent, the ability to work well with others, including advisors, faculty, and other students, is crucial.

Self-Motivation and Independence: The drive to work independently, manage one's own project, and stay motivated over the long term.

Fit with the Program: Alignment of the candidate’s research interests and goals with the strengths and focus of the PhD program and faculty.

These traits not only indicate your readiness for a PhD program but also your potential to contribute meaningfully to their field of study and succeed in a research-oriented career.

Related posts:

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• Business Analyst Interview Questions (17 Questions + Answers)

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• Applying to graduate school
• Grad School Interview Questions & How to Answer Them

Grad School Interview Question & How to Answer Them

Published on March 29, 2021 by Lauren Thomas . Revised on June 1, 2023.

Grad school interviews are the last step of the application process , so congratulations for making it to this stage! Getting this far is a big accomplishment—graduate schools only conduct interviews with those applicants they are seriously considering accepting.

Grad schools conduct interviews to assess your “fit” with their program and faculty, as well as your interpersonal skills. In many cases, they may also be attempting to match you with a supervisor.

Before the interview, you should prepare by doing your research and reflecting on how you’ll answer these common questions.

Table of contents

How to prepare for your interview, questions about your background, questions about your interests and motivations, questions about your post-graduation plans, what to ask your interviewers, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about grad school interviews.

First, read the website of the program you’re interviewing for. They’ll usually have information on job placement, curriculum, and expectations of graduate students.

If possible, talk to previous students about their experiences interviewing. Although no two interview experiences are exactly alike, they may be able to provide you with valuable tips for preparing.

You should prepare answers for certain, very common questions. You don’t need to memorize your answers—you don’t want to sound scripted, but you should have a sense of what you’ll say.

Don’t be afraid to take a few seconds to gather your thoughts before answering a question. Remember, the substance and quality of your answer are far more important than the quantity of words.

Tips for specific programs

If you’re interviewing for a research program, you should try to read as many research papers in your field of interest as possible. Reading others’ research helps you generate ideas of your own. You’ll also be more prepared to answer questions about the topics you’re interested in researching, which could come up during your interview.

Research programs may ask you about a current topic in your field and what methods you would use for tackling it. Make sure you know some of the current open questions in your field and think about how you would answer them, including dealing with any obstacles that might come up. One potential tip is to talk to older students or professors that you know about these questions.

Focus on the CVs or biographies of professors that you’re particularly interested in working with. Read any research they’ve authored and jot down questions that come to mind when reading. Try to come up with a good argument for why they would be a good fit to supervise or work with you.

Business schools are also interested in your interpersonal skills, so your interview performance is an essential part of the application process.

Business school interviews will focus particularly on your career—both your past work experiences and your future goals. Go through your resume and prepare stories that illustrate the challenges and successes you had at each major work experience. Focus especially on any experiences you’ve had managing others, since an MBA is ultimately a management program. Identify the unique contributions that you’ll bring to the school.

In addition to your professional background, don’t be afraid to bring in experiences from beyond work and the classroom, such as from volunteering or extracurricular activities you participated in undergrad or afterwards.

Medical schools are looking for more than just academic ability—they want to find candidates well-suited to the unique demands of medicine. As such, they look for integrity, empathy, reliability, ability to interact with the general public, and motivation for a career in medicine. Ensure you have your answer to why you want to be a doctor down pat.

Medical school interviews sometimes ask about “ethics questions” that are designed to assess your thoughts about ethical dilemmas that you may face as a physician. To prepare, think about a general ethical framework that you can apply to any ethical question. What are some ethical considerations that you, as a physician, will have to keep in mind when treating patients? How important is a patient’s autonomy? Should equity or efficiency matter more?

Many undergraduate universities do mock medical school interviews with their students and graduates—take advantage of this opportunity if you can.

Law schools might ask about your opinions on current events, especially those with a legal angle. You may also be asked about your future career plans.

Many people apply to law school because they see it as a natural next step, without really knowing if they actually want to practice law. Interviewers know this and will be on the outlook for such an attitude. Make sure you have thoroughly researched the career and know why you want to pursue this path. Ask current lawyers you know about what they actually do in their daily work life and the best and worst parts of their jobs.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

Interviewers want to know how your previous experiences will serve you in this program and ensure you have the relevant skills and knowledge to succeed.

What will you bring to this program/why should we admit you?

This is one of the most important questions you’ll be asked to answer. Focus on the skills and background that you will uniquely bring to the program. Be prepared with specific anecdotes that demonstrate your abilities.

You should also tailor your answer to the type of program you’re applying to:

• If you’re applying for a research-based master’s or doctoral program, you will want to focus particularly on your academic and research background.
• If you’re applying to medical school, your academic background is important, but so is your personal motivation.
• Business schools will want to hear about how your professional experience has prepared you to manage others in a rapidly changing and increasingly global business climate.

Tell us about the research you’ve completed or contributed to

Because future potential as a researcher is difficult for graduate programs to assess, they will be particularly interested in the background that you already have. Oftentimes resumes do not make it clear what exactly someone did as a research assistant, so you should be prepared to discuss your work and what you learned.

As part of Dr. Jane Smith’s class on religion in politics, we were required to complete an independent research project, so I looked at the influence of right-wing authoritarianism in anti-Semitism. To measure anti-Semitism, I used an implicit bias test, which has been shown to measure racial or gender bias in other studies. I found that tendencies towards right-wing authoritarianism were associated with worse performance on the anti-Semitic test. The project was my first introduction to performing independent research, writing literature reviews, and performing statistical analysis using the coding language R.

I’ve also assisted Dr. Hannah Wilson on her research on the impact of globalization and job losses on voting patterns in the United States. I wrote literature reviews and aided in data analysis using R. I was a co-author on her latest paper, which used the recent tariffs on steel as an instrumental variable to demonstrate that increased globalization led to a higher increase in votes for political populist parties, since the choice of instrumental variable was originally my idea. The paper has been accepted to a top journal of political science. I am currently completing an independent senior thesis expanding our methodology to the United Kingdom and France, for which I have received a competitive research grant from my university.

I believe that I have demonstrated strong research skills through my work with Dr. Wilson, in addition to my strong academic performance. It is very rare for undergraduates to co-author with professors at my university, let alone write a paper accepted by a top journal.

Specific questions about classes you took or skills you have

This depends on the program you’re applying to. Medical programs may ask about weak grades that you’ve received in science or math subjects or about your personal experiences shadowing doctors.

Business schools might want you to discuss any management experience you’ve had—particularly experiences where you overcame obstacles or a difficult interpersonal interaction.

You’ll be asked questions designed to assess your knowledge of the program and how well it fits with your academic or professional interests.

What interests you about this program?

This is probably the most common question that you’ll be asked, so you should be sure you have your answer down pat.

Stay away from answers like “because you’re a good program” or “I want to attend a prestigious school.” While prestige matters, graduate programs want to hear more about why you think you’re a good fit for their particular program.

If the program has a particular speciality that interests you—say a medical school that’s particularly well known for their research on Alzheimer’s or a business school whose marketing program is top notch—be sure to bring it up. This will demonstrate to the interviewers that you have a genuine interest in their program.

Mention any professors you are especially interested in working with or any resources that the school may have special access to. Perhaps they run an internship program in an area you’re interested in or have strong connections in a particular industry.

My experience working in marketing at X Marketing Agency has shown me that my future career path lies in this field. Your program is arguably the best in the world for marketing, so you are my top choice of business school.

I am particularly interested in taking classes under Dr. Jennifer Adams—I’m greatly interested in her work showing that many companies use marketing to demonstrate a personal lifestyle brand that customers want to align with. I would also love to participate in the semester-long San Francisco internship program that you have, which I think would allow me to explore my interests in marketing in the technology industry.

What topics are you interested in researching?

Graduate schools know that what you’ll end up researching is not yet set in stone, particularly if you are applying to a doctoral program. However, they like to see that you have some idea of what you would like to do, mostly as a way of demonstrating your seriousness in pursuing research and knowledge of the field.

You should therefore come up with a few topics, preferably ones that are strengths of the school’s faculty, to discuss during an interview.

Who would you like to work with in our program?

Most graduate programs, particularly those in research, will assign you some sort of supervisor or advisor . You should have a few ideas of who you’d like to work with in this case. Ensure that it’s not just a single person—faculty can and do often leave their universities for other opportunities, so you’ll want to have a few back-up options.

Interviewers may also ask about how this program fits into your longer-term goals.

What career are you interested in pursuing after graduation?

Be honest but realistic in your answer to this question. Importantly, you should not indicate your interest in a career that doesn’t fit with the program—if you don’t want to be a lawyer, don’t mention that in an interview with a law school!

Ideally, I’d like to start off by gaining experience in a law firm, then move to a company where I can work as an in-house lawyer. I’m not entirely sure which branch of law I’d like to pursue yet, but I’m planning on taking classes in bankruptcy and corporate law to see if they interest me.

If you’re applying to a doctoral program, you will most likely be expected to continue in a career in academia, although this may vary based on the program. If you don’t have a perfect idea of what you want to do, don’t panic—that is part of what the program is intended to do! Just answer with your current thoughts.

I’m interested in becoming a researcher in applied microeconomics, hopefully as a tenured professor at a research university. I am particularly interested in applying the methodology of behavioral and experimental economics and the rigor of econometrics to issues like the political economy of housing policies and voting.

Interviews are a two way street. Interviews will almost always ask if you have questions for them—make sure you have some good ones! Here are some examples of things you can ask about:

• Funding opportunities : do they have funding available for research or projects you might want to carry out? How accessible is it?
• Access to advisors : How often do advisors meet with their students? How hands-on are advisors?
• Other access to resources : if you need computing resources for your projects, will you have access to them? Do they have a library of books or academic articles that will be available for you as a student?
• Placement record (if not available online): How do students normally place after completing this program? What sort of jobs do they take? How long do they require to find a full-time job? Do they normally go on to tenure-track positions or something else?

What not to discuss

Stay away from any questions that can be easily answered from looking at the program website. Admissions officers want to know that you’ve done at least a little bit of research on the program!

Although personal considerations (such as what it’s like to date or live in the city where the school is located) are vitally important to the choice of a graduate program, you should generally ask these questions only of current and former students, not faculty or admissions officers. Try to keep your questions on the theme of academic or professional experiences.

There are also some questions that interviewers should not ask you. Although it rarely occurs, be aware that you don’t have to answer questions that are inappropriate, or possibly even illegal, including anything that relates to your marital status or pregnancy, age, disability status, race, or gender. If asked a question that falls into this category, you should inform the interviewer that you’re not comfortable answering and report the incident to an admissions officer afterwards.

If you want to know more about college essays , academic writing , and AI tools , make sure to check out some of our other language articles with explanations, examples, and quizzes.

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Academic writing

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Graduate schools often ask questions about why you are interested in this particular program and what you will contribute.

Try to stay away from cliche answers like “this is a good program” or “I got good grades in undergrad” and focus instead on the unique strengths of the program or what you will bring to the table. Understand what the program is looking for and come up with anecdotes that demonstrate why you are a good fit for them.

Different types of programs may also focus on different questions:

• Research programs will often ask what topics you’d like to research and who you would like to work with, as well as specific questions about your research background.
• Medical schools are interested in your personal motivation, qualities such as integrity and empathy, and how you’d respond to common ethical dilemmas.
• Business schools will focus on your past work experience and future career prospects, and may be particularly interested in any experience you have managing or working with others.

In addition to thinking about your answers for the most commonly asked grad school interview questions , you should reach out to former and current students to ask their advice on preparing and what sort of questions will be asked.

Look back through your resume and come up with anecdotes that you could use for common questions, particularly those that ask about obstacles that you overcame. If you’re applying for a research program, ensure that you can talk about the previous research experience you’ve had.

You should also read as much research in your field as possible. Research the faculty at the schools you’re applying to and read some of their papers. Come up with a few questions that you could ask them.

Most medical school programs interview candidates, as do many (though not all) leading law and business schools.

In research programs, it depends—PhDs in business usually do, while those in economics normally do not, for example.

Some schools interview everyone, while others only interview their top candidates. Look at the websites of the schools you’re applying to for more information on whether they conduct interviews.

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Top 10 PhD Interview Questions

So, you’ve been invited for a PhD interview. Congratulations! This means that the admission committee thinks you are qualified and capable of doing a PhD at their university. The interview will allow the committee to determine if you’re a good fit, and you have the motivation and drive to complete a doctorate. While you cannot predict the exact questions you will be asked, certain topics are almost inevitable. Here are ten common PhD interview questions.

1. Tell us about yourself

This is a popular opener for just about any type of interview. It’s meant to be an easy icebreaker, but that doesn’t mean there isn’t a wrong answer. Make sure to your response is relevant to the context of a PhD interview. Talk about your academic background, motivation, and interests. You don’t have to get into the details at this point, just give an overview.

2. Why do you want to do a PhD?

This is another straightforward question that doesn’t have a straightforward answer. A PhD is a big undertaking and you’ll have to be driven to see it though. Your answer should address your motivation for doing a PhD in a way that conveys your passion and enthusiasm for the subject.

3. Why are you interested in this program?

What drew you to this program and this school? Does it have a unique feature or take a different approach than other programs? Are there certain professors you are interested in working with? Your answer to this questions shows you have done some research and are ready to engage in the department. It’s also an opportunity to demonstrate that you don’t just want a PhD, you want one from this school.

4. What experience makes you a good candidate?

Yes, the interviewer has read your CV, but this question allows you to draw their attention to specific qualifications or skills that might not be obvious from just your resume. Talk about courses you have taken that have taught you the necessary skills for graduate work or give examples of past research experience from your Bachelor’s or Master’s.

5. How did you develop this proposal?

There are no trick questions here. The interviewer wants to see that you are engaged with the field and spent some time preparing your proposal. Take them through your thought process and discuss the background reading and research you did. What other approaches did you consider before deciding on this one? What will your project contribute to the field?  

6. What difficulties would you expect to encounter during this project?

No matter how carefully you plan, no project goes off without a hitch. Be honest about where you see potential difficulties, but more importantly discuss how you plan to work through them.

7. What are your strengths and weaknesses?

Another classic interview question, and one you definitely don’t want to be answering off the top of your head. Pick a strength that is relevant to this position and then give a few examples of how you have used it well. When it comes to choosing a weakness, be truthful and then (using examples again) talk about how you have been working to overcome it.

8. Tell us about a time you experienced a setback

The next three to six years of your PhD won’t be smooth sailing. You are likely to hit many snags along the way. The interviewer wants to know you are resourceful and can handle these setback. Try to think of an academic challenge you have had to overcome rather than a personal one.

9. What are your future career plans?

This is another way to suss out your motivations for doing a PhD and see if you have given a thought to what comes after your doctorate. How will a PhD help you achieve your future goals? Someone with a clear goal in mind is likely to be more committed to doing a PhD. For many, the goal will be to pursue an academic career, in which case this is an opportunity to show you understand the academic career path.

10. Do you have any questions for us?

Remember that this interview goes both ways. It is important that you have some questions to ask the interviewer to show your engagement and the serious consideration you are giving their program. You are preparing to spend several years of your life at this school. Think about what is important to you and what would make or break your decision to attend this university. Prepare a list of questions ahead of the interview.

The interview is your time to shine, and being prepared will allow you to do just that.

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Top 134 PhD Interview Questions (A Guide To Success)

• Top 134 PhD Interview Questions…

Are you preparing for a PhD interview and wondering what to expect? Look no further! Our PhD interview questions will give you a sense of the types of questions you may encounter during your interview process. From questions about your research experience to your future goals, we cover a range of topics to help you feel confident and prepared. Our questions are designed to challenge you and help you showcase your skills and expertise. So, read on and get ready to ace your PhD interview!

• 1 PhD interview questions
• 2 PhD interview questions and answers
• 3 PhD interview questions chemistry
• 4 PhD interview questions mathematics
• 5 PhD interview questions physics
• 6 PhD interview questions computer science
• 7 PhD interview questions biology

PhD interview questions

What motivated you to pursue a PhD degree? Answer: I have always been passionate about [insert your field of interest] and wanted to deepen my knowledge and contribute to the advancement of the field. What specific research questions are you interested in exploring during your PhD? Answer: I am interested in exploring [insert specific research questions]. I believe that these questions are important because [explain why they are important]. How do you plan to approach your research? Answer: I plan to approach my research by [insert your research methodology and techniques], and by collaborating with other researchers in the field. How do you plan to manage your time and resources during your PhD? Answer: I plan to create a schedule that allows me to balance my coursework, research, and other responsibilities. I will also make use of resources such as the library, research facilities, and mentorship programs. What are some potential challenges you anticipate in your research? Answer: Some potential challenges I anticipate include [insert potential challenges]. I plan to address these challenges by [insert your plan to address them]. What are your strengths and weaknesses as a researcher? Answer: My strengths as a researcher include [insert your strengths], while my weaknesses include [insert your weaknesses]. I am actively working to improve my weaknesses by [insert how you plan to improve]. How do you plan to contribute to the academic community during your PhD? Answer: I plan to contribute to the academic community by [insert how you plan to contribute], such as by presenting my research at conferences, publishing papers, and participating in academic events. What are some potential ethical considerations in your research? Answer: Some potential ethical considerations in my research include [insert potential ethical considerations], and I plan to address these considerations by [insert your plan to address them]. What are some potential limitations in your research? Answer: Some potential limitations in my research include [insert potential limitations], and I plan to address these limitations by [insert your plan to address them]. How do you plan to measure the success of your research? Answer: I plan to measure the success of my research by [insert your success criteria], such as by achieving specific research objectives, publishing papers, and receiving recognition from the academic community. What skills and experiences do you bring to the PhD program? Answer: I bring [insert your skills and experiences], which I believe will be valuable in pursuing my research and contributing to the academic community. What research methods are you familiar with? Answer: I am familiar with [insert research methods], and I am willing to learn and use new research methods as necessary for my research. What coursework have you completed that is relevant to your research interests? Answer: I have completed coursework in [insert relevant coursework], which I believe has provided me with a strong foundation for my research. How do you plan to collaborate with other researchers in your field? Answer: I plan to collaborate with other researchers in my field by [insert your plan to collaborate], such as by attending conferences, participating in research groups, and seeking mentorship from senior researchers. How do you plan to stay up-to-date with the latest research in your field? Answer: I plan to stay up-to-date with the latest research in my field by [insert your plan to stay up-to-date], such as by subscribing to academic journals, attending conferences, and participating in academic groups.

PhD interview questions and answers

Preparing for a PhD interview can be nerve-wracking, but our PhD interview questions and answers can help ease your anxiety. We provide a comprehensive list of common questions and answers that you may encounter during your interview process. From research methodologies to future plans, our questions and answers cover a range of topics to help you showcase your skills and knowledge. So, read on and get ready to impress your interviewers with our helpful guide! What inspired you to choose this specific institution for your PhD program? Answer: I was impressed by the institution’s reputation in the field, the quality of the faculty, and the opportunities for research and collaboration. How do you plan to balance your research and other responsibilities during your PhD? Answer: I plan to create a schedule that allows me to balance my research with other responsibilities, such as coursework and teaching, and to seek support from my advisors and colleagues. What specific skills and techniques do you hope to gain from your PhD program? Answer: I hope to gain skills and techniques in [insert specific skills and techniques], which I believe will be valuable in pursuing my research and advancing my career. How do you plan to address potential conflicts with your research team or advisors? Answer: I plan to address potential conflicts by communicating openly and respectfully with my team and advisors, seeking mediation if necessary, and focusing on finding constructive solutions. What specific resources and facilities at this institution do you plan to use for your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific resources and facilities], which I believe will be essential for conducting my research and contributing to the academic community. How do you plan to approach the process of writing your dissertation? Answer: I plan to approach the process of writing my dissertation by breaking it down into manageable parts, seeking feedback and support from my advisors and colleagues, and staying organized and focused. What are some potential research collaborations you hope to establish during your PhD? Answer: I hope to establish collaborations with [insert potential research collaborations], which I believe will allow me to pursue innovative and impactful research. What is your experience with teaching or mentoring others? Answer: I have [insert your experience with teaching or mentoring], and I plan to continue developing my skills in this area during my PhD program. What specific impact do you hope your research will have on society or the field? Answer: I hope that my research will have [insert specific impact], such as by addressing pressing social or scientific challenges, advancing our understanding of a specific phenomenon, or contributing to the development of new technologies or policies. What are some potential funding opportunities you plan to pursue during your PhD? Answer: I plan to pursue funding opportunities from [insert potential funding sources], such as grants, fellowships, or scholarships, to support my research and professional development. How do you plan to manage potential setbacks or failures in your research? Answer: I plan to manage potential setbacks or failures by remaining resilient and persistent, seeking support and feedback from my advisors and colleagues, and learning from my mistakes. What are some potential collaborations or projects you plan to pursue with faculty or researchers outside your department? Answer: I plan to collaborate with [insert potential collaborators], which I believe will allow me to explore interdisciplinary research questions and contribute to a broader range of academic communities. How do you plan to disseminate the findings of your research? Answer: I plan to disseminate the findings of my research by [insert your plan to disseminate], such as by publishing papers, presenting at conferences, and engaging with the broader public through outreach and media activities. What specific research or teaching opportunities at this institution excite you the most? Answer: I am excited by [insert specific research or teaching opportunities], which I believe will allow me to pursue innovative and impactful research and engage with a diverse range of students and colleagues.

PhD interview questions chemistry

Are you a chemistry PhD applicant preparing for an interview? Our PhD interview questions in chemistry will help you prepare for the types of questions you may encounter. From questions about your research experience to your understanding of key chemical concepts, we cover a range of topics to help you feel confident and prepared. So, read on and get ready to ace your chemistry PhD interview! What specific research areas within chemistry interest you the most? Answer: I am most interested in [insert specific research areas], which I believe will allow me to explore new frontiers in the field and contribute to addressing important scientific and societal challenges. How do you plan to approach the design and synthesis of novel compounds during your research? Answer: I plan to approach the design and synthesis of novel compounds by [insert your plan], such as by utilizing cutting-edge computational tools, optimizing reaction conditions, and collaborating with experts in related fields. What specific analytical techniques do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific analytical techniques], which I believe will allow me to characterize the properties and behavior of the compounds I synthesize and understand the underlying mechanisms of chemical reactions. How do you plan to ensure the reproducibility and reliability of your experimental results? Answer: I plan to ensure the reproducibility and reliability of my experimental results by [insert your plan], such as by implementing rigorous controls, keeping detailed records, and seeking feedback and collaboration from other researchers in the field. What potential applications do you see for your research in industry or other fields? Answer: I see potential applications of my research in [insert potential applications], such as in developing new pharmaceuticals, materials, or energy sources, which I believe will have significant economic and societal impact. How do you plan to address potential safety hazards or environmental concerns in your research? Answer: I plan to address potential safety hazards or environmental concerns in my research by [insert your plan], such as by following established safety protocols, using environmentally friendly reagents and methods, and seeking guidance from safety experts. What specific computational tools or software do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific computational tools or software], which I believe will allow me to design and optimize compounds more efficiently and accurately and understand the underlying mechanisms of chemical reactions. How do you plan to collaborate with other researchers or organizations outside your institution during your research? Answer: I plan to collaborate with [insert potential collaborators], such as industry partners or researchers from other institutions, which I believe will allow me to leverage diverse expertise and resources and enhance the impact of my research. What specific challenges or barriers do you anticipate encountering during your research? Answer: I anticipate encountering challenges such as [insert specific challenges], such as optimizing difficult reactions or obtaining access to specialized equipment, and plan to address them by [insert your plan], such as seeking support from colleagues or developing alternative approaches. What specific skills or techniques do you hope to develop during your PhD program? Answer: I hope to develop skills and techniques in [insert specific skills or techniques], such as advanced spectroscopic methods or computational modeling, which I believe will be essential for pursuing my research and advancing my career. How do you plan to approach the process of publishing your research? Answer: I plan to approach the process of publishing my research by [insert your plan], such as identifying suitable journals and co-authors, writing clear and impactful papers, and responding to feedback from reviewers. What specific resources or equipment at this institution do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific resources or equipment], such as high-performance computing clusters or specialized instrumentation, which I believe will be essential for conducting my research and contributing to the academic community.

PhD interview questions mathematics

Preparing for a mathematics PhD interview can be daunting, but our PhD interview questions in mathematics can help you feel confident and prepared. Our comprehensive list of common questions covers a range of topics, from your understanding of mathematical concepts to your research experience and future plans. So, read on and get ready to showcase your skills and knowledge in your mathematics PhD interview! What area(s) of mathematics do you find most interesting, and why? Answer: I am particularly interested in [insert specific area(s) of mathematics], as I find the concepts and problems in these areas to be intellectually stimulating and challenging. Can you describe a research project that you have worked on in the past? Answer: During my undergraduate studies, I worked on a research project involving [insert specific topic], which allowed me to apply mathematical concepts and techniques to address a real-world problem and gain experience in mathematical modeling and data analysis. How do you plan to approach the formulation and proof of mathematical theorems during your research? Answer: I plan to approach the formulation and proof of mathematical theorems by [insert your plan], such as by developing a clear understanding of the problem, exploring possible techniques and methods, and seeking feedback and collaboration from other mathematicians. What mathematical tools or software do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific mathematical tools or software], which I believe will allow me to analyze and solve mathematical problems more efficiently and accurately and explore new areas of mathematical research. How do you plan to address potential challenges or obstacles in your research? Answer: I plan to address potential challenges or obstacles in my research by [insert your plan], such as by seeking guidance and advice from my advisor and colleagues, exploring alternative approaches, and persisting through setbacks and difficulties. What potential applications do you see for your research in industry or other fields? Answer: Although my research is primarily focused on pure mathematics, I see potential applications in [insert potential applications], such as in developing more efficient algorithms or solving problems in cryptography, which may have important practical implications. How do you plan to collaborate with other mathematicians or organizations outside your institution during your research? Answer: I plan to collaborate with [insert potential collaborators], such as other mathematicians in my field or researchers from other institutions or industries, which I believe will allow me to leverage diverse expertise and resources and enhance the impact of my research. What specific challenges or barriers do you anticipate encountering during your research? Answer: I anticipate encountering challenges such as [insert specific challenges], such as working with complex mathematical structures or grappling with abstract concepts, and plan to address them by [insert your plan], such as seeking support from colleagues or developing alternative approaches. What specific skills or techniques do you hope to develop during your PhD program? Answer: I hope to develop skills and techniques in [insert specific skills or techniques], such as advanced proof techniques or computational algebra, which I believe will be essential for pursuing my research and advancing my career. How do you plan to approach the process of publishing your research? Answer: I plan to approach the process of publishing my research by [insert your plan], such as identifying suitable journals and co-authors, writing clear and impactful papers, and responding to feedback from reviewers. What specific resources or software at this institution do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific resources or software], such as specialized libraries or computational resources, which I believe will be essential for conducting my research and contributing to the academic community. What potential impact do you see your research having on the field of mathematics? Answer: I see potential impact of my research in [insert potential impact], such as advancing our understanding of fundamental mathematical principles or developing new approaches to solve important problems in mathematics and related fields.

PhD interview questions physics

If you’re a physics PhD applicant preparing for an interview, our PhD interview questions in physics can help you prepare for the types of questions you may encounter. Our questions cover a range of topics, from your understanding of fundamental physics concepts to your research experience and future plans. So, read on and get ready to ace your physics PhD interview with our helpful guide! What area(s) of physics do you find most interesting, and why? Answer: I am particularly interested in [insert specific area(s) of physics], as I find the concepts and phenomena in these areas to be fascinating and have the potential to lead to significant advancements in our understanding of the physical universe. Can you describe a research project that you have worked on in the past? Answer: During my undergraduate studies, I worked on a research project involving [insert specific topic], which allowed me to gain experience in experimental design, data analysis, and problem-solving in physics. How do you plan to approach the formulation and testing of hypotheses during your research? Answer: I plan to approach the formulation and testing of hypotheses by [insert your plan], such as developing a clear understanding of the problem, designing experiments to test specific hypotheses, and analyzing and interpreting the results to draw conclusions. What experimental techniques or equipment do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific experimental techniques or equipment], which I believe will allow me to conduct experiments more accurately and efficiently and explore new areas of physics research. How do you plan to address potential challenges or obstacles in your research? Answer: I plan to address potential challenges or obstacles in my research by [insert your plan], such as seeking guidance and advice from my advisor and colleagues, exploring alternative approaches, and persisting through setbacks and difficulties. What potential applications do you see for your research in industry or other fields? Answer: Although my research is primarily focused on fundamental physics, I see potential applications in [insert potential applications], such as in developing more efficient and accurate measurement techniques or understanding the behavior of materials in extreme conditions. How do you plan to collaborate with other physicists or organizations outside your institution during your research? Answer: I plan to collaborate with [insert potential collaborators], such as other physicists in my field or researchers from other institutions or industries, which I believe will allow me to leverage diverse expertise and resources and enhance the impact of my research. What specific challenges or barriers do you anticipate encountering during your research? Answer: I anticipate encountering challenges such as [insert specific challenges], such as working with complex experimental setups or analyzing large datasets, and plan to address them by [insert your plan], such as seeking support from colleagues or developing alternative approaches. What specific skills or techniques do you hope to develop during your PhD program? Answer: I hope to develop skills and techniques in [insert specific skills or techniques], such as advanced experimental design or computational physics, which I believe will be essential for pursuing my research and advancing my career. How do you plan to approach the process of publishing your research? Answer: I plan to approach the process of publishing my research by [insert your plan], such as identifying suitable journals and co-authors, writing clear and impactful papers, and responding to feedback from reviewers. What specific resources or software at this institution do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific resources or software], such as specialized labs or computational resources, which I believe will be essential for conducting my research and contributing to the academic community. What potential impact do you see your research having on the field of physics? Answer: I see potential impact of my research in [insert potential impact], such as advancing our understanding of fundamental physical principles or developing new technologies based on novel physical phenomena.

PhD interview questions computer science

Preparing for a computer science PhD interview can be overwhelming, but our PhD interview questions in computer science can help you feel confident and prepared. Our questions cover a range of topics, from algorithms and programming languages to research experience and future plans. So, read on and get ready to showcase your skills and knowledge in your computer science PhD interview! Can you describe a research project you have worked on in the past, and what you learned from it? Answer: During my undergraduate studies, I worked on a project involving [insert specific topic], which allowed me to gain experience in [insert specific skills or techniques], and helped me to develop a deeper understanding of [insert specific area of computer science]. What specific research questions are you interested in pursuing in your PhD program? Answer: I am interested in pursuing research questions related to [insert specific research questions], as I believe they have the potential to contribute to [insert specific contribution or impact]. How do you plan to approach the formulation and testing of hypotheses during your research? Answer: I plan to approach the formulation and testing of hypotheses by [insert your plan], such as conducting literature reviews, designing experiments, collecting data, analyzing and interpreting results, and seeking feedback from advisors and colleagues. What techniques or methods do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific techniques or methods], which I believe will allow me to conduct research more accurately and efficiently, and explore new areas of computer science research. What potential applications do you see for your research in industry or other fields? Answer: Although my research is primarily focused on fundamental computer science, I see potential applications in [insert potential applications], such as in developing new algorithms, improving cybersecurity, or enhancing artificial intelligence. How do you plan to collaborate with other computer scientists or organizations outside your institution during your research? Answer: I plan to collaborate with [insert potential collaborators], such as other computer scientists in my field or researchers from other institutions or industries, which I believe will allow me to leverage diverse expertise and resources and enhance the impact of my research. What specific challenges or barriers do you anticipate encountering during your research? Answer: I anticipate encountering challenges such as [insert specific challenges], such as working with large data sets, developing new algorithms, or debugging complex code, and plan to address them by [insert your plan], such as seeking support from colleagues or developing alternative approaches. What specific skills or techniques do you hope to develop during your PhD program? Answer: I hope to develop skills and techniques in [insert specific skills or techniques], such as machine learning or cybersecurity, which I believe will be essential for pursuing my research and advancing my career. What specific resources or software at this institution do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific resources or software], such as specialized labs or computational resources, which I believe will be essential for conducting my research and contributing to the academic community. How do you plan to approach the process of publishing your research? Answer: I plan to approach the process of publishing my research by [insert your plan], such as identifying suitable conferences or journals, writing clear and impactful papers, and responding to feedback from reviewers. What specific courses or seminars do you plan to take during your PhD program? Answer: I plan to take courses or seminars in [insert specific courses or seminars], which I believe will be essential for building a strong foundation in computer science and exploring new areas of research. What potential impact do you see your research having on the field of computer science? Answer: I see potential impact of my research in [insert potential impact], such as advancing our understanding of fundamental computer science principles, improving the efficiency of algorithms, or enhancing the security of computer systems. Also check – Apple Interview Questions / Web API Interview Questions

PhD interview questions biology

If you’re a biology PhD applicant preparing for an interview, our PhD interview questions in biology can help you prepare for the types of questions you may encounter. Our questions cover a range of topics, from your understanding of biological concepts to your research experience and future plans. So, read on and get ready to ace your biology PhD interview with our helpful guide! Can you describe a research project you have worked on in the past, and what you learned from it? Answer: During my undergraduate studies, I worked on a project involving [insert specific topic], which allowed me to gain experience in [insert specific skills or techniques], and helped me to develop a deeper understanding of [insert specific area of biology]. What specific research questions are you interested in pursuing in your PhD program? Answer: I am interested in pursuing research questions related to [insert specific research questions], as I believe they have the potential to contribute to [insert specific contribution or impact]. How do you plan to approach the formulation and testing of hypotheses during your research? Answer: I plan to approach the formulation and testing of hypotheses by [insert your plan], such as conducting literature reviews, designing experiments, collecting data, analyzing and interpreting results, and seeking feedback from advisors and colleagues. What techniques or methods do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific techniques or methods], which I believe will allow me to conduct research more accurately and efficiently, and explore new areas of biology research. What potential applications do you see for your research in industry or other fields? Answer: Although my research is primarily focused on fundamental biology, I see potential applications in [insert potential applications], such as in developing new drugs or therapies, improving agriculture, or enhancing our understanding of diseases. How do you plan to collaborate with other biologists or organizations outside your institution during your research? Answer: I plan to collaborate with [insert potential collaborators], such as other biologists in my field or researchers from other institutions or industries, which I believe will allow me to leverage diverse expertise and resources and enhance the impact of my research. In conclusion, preparing for a PhD interview can be a daunting task, but our PhD interview questions and answers can help you feel confident and prepared. Whether you’re applying for a PhD in chemistry, mathematics, physics, computer science, biology or any other field, our comprehensive list of common questions covers a range of topics to help you showcase your skills and knowledge. By reading through our questions and practicing your answers, you can impress your interviewers and increase your chances of getting accepted into your desired program. So, take the time to prepare, practice, and remember to be yourself during your interview. Good luck!

Author:  Aamir Khan

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Top 22 Chemistry Interview Questions and Answers (2024)

Here are the most asked basic to advanced level Chemistry interview questions and answers for freshers as well as experienced candidates to get their dream job.

Free PDF Download: Chemistry Interview Questions

1) Explain the term Aliquot and Diluent?

• Aliquot: It is a measured sub-volume of the original sample
• Diluent: Material with which sample is diluted

2) What is molality?

Molality is the number of solutes that are present in 1 kg of a solvent.

3)  What is titration?

Titration is a process to determine the molarity of a base or an acid.  In this process, a reaction is carried out between the known volumes of a solution with a known concentration, against the known volume of a solution with an unknown concentration.

4) What is a buffer?

A buffer is an aqueous solution which has highly stable pH. It is a blend of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. On adding a small amount of base or acid to buffer, its pH hardly changes.

5) How does buffer work?

In buffer when hydrogen ion is added, it will be neutralized by the base in the buffer.  Hydroxide ion will be neutralized by the acid.  On the overall pH of the buffer solution, these neutralization reactions will not show much effect.

While when you select an acid as a buffer solution, try to use an acid that has a pH closed to your desired pH.  This will help your buffer to achieve a nearly equivalent amount of acid and conjugate base, so that it will enable to neutralize as much as H+ and OH -.

6) What is a mole?

Mole is the unit used to define the number of chemical substance present in a substance. It is the amount of substance which consists of the same number of chemical units as there are atoms in exactly 12 gram of pure carbon-12.

7) How will you calculate how many moles of glucose present in 320 mL of 5.0 M of glucose solution?

First step: Convert the volume from millilitres to litres

• 320  X (1 litre/1000mL) = 0.320 L solution

Second use the formula = M x V

= 5.0 moles glucose/ litre solution X 0.320 L solution

= 1.6 moles of glucose present in 320mL of solution

8) Explain what is the difference between fractionation and distillation?

Both methods are used to separate the components present in the solution based on the boiling points.

• Distillation: This technique is used when the boiling point of chemicals are different in the mixtures
• Fractionation: This technique is used when the boiling point of chemicals are close to each other in the mixtures

9) Mention the formula to calculate pH of a solution?

In order to calculate the pH of a solution you have to use the formula pH= -log [H+] or pH = -log [H3O+]

10) What is the difference between Molarity and Normality?

Both techniques are used to the amount of chemical present in the solution.  However, they are almost similar but differs in

11) What is Valency?

Valency is a property of groups or atoms, equal to the number of atoms of hydrogen that the group or atom could combine with or displace it in forming compounds.

12) Define Avogadro’s law?

According to Avogadro’s law, at the same temperature and pressure, an equal volume of gases contains the same number of molecules regardless of the chemical nature and physical properties.

Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 10 23

13) Explain what makes a molecule into organic molecule?

In a molecule when a hydrogen atom is less than the ratio of the carbon atom, then such molecules are referred to as an organic molecule.

14) Which metal is used to extract copper from the solution of copper sulfate?

Fe or ferrous is the metal that is used to extract copper from the solution of copper sulphate.

15) Explain what is the chemical composition of fat in the human body?

The fat found in the human body is mainly composed of

• Glycerides+Phospholipids
• Glycolipids
• Phosphoinositides

16) What is the monomer of polyethylene?

The monomer of polyethylene is ethylene

17) What is the formula you will use to calculate how many milliliters of 5.5 M NaOH are required to prepare 400 mL of 1.5M NaOH?

To know the amount or volume of NaOH to prepare 400 mL of 1.5 M NaOH, we use formula

M1 X V1 = M2 X V2

V1 = M2 X V2/ M1

But before that we will convert 400 mL into litre = 0.4 L

5.5 X V1 = 1.5 M x 0.4 L

V1 = 1.5 M X 0.4L/ 5.5

So, you need 100mL of 5.5 NaOH

18) Why graphite rod is used in nuclear reactor?

A graphite rod is used in a nuclear reactor allows un-enriched uranium to be used as a nuclear fuel.

19) Mention how many milliliters is equal to 1 liter and how many microliters is equal to liter?

• 1 millilitre = 0.001 litre
• 1 microliter = 0.000001 litre

20) What is oxidation and reduction reaction?

• Oxidation = When there is a loss of hydrogen or electrons OR gain of oxygen is known as Oxidation reaction.
• Reduction = When there is a gain of hydrogen or electron OR loss of oxygen is known as a reduction reaction

Example of oxidation-reduction reaction is observed in the human body when an electron is transferred into the cell and oxidation of glucose take place from which we get the energy.

21) What does iron ore consist of?

Iron ore is consists of Fe2O3

22) Explain what is dextro-rotatory and levorotatory?

Levorotation and Dextrorotation are referred to the properties of plane polarized light when light rotates clockwise when it approaches the observer is then known as dextro-rotation, and when the light rotates anti-clockwise then it is referred as levorotation.

A compound which exhibits a dextro-rotation is referred to as dextro-rotatory and which exhibits levorotation is referred to as levorotatory.

These interview questions will also help in your viva(orals)

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105 Comments

Number 19 isn’t correct. 1ml = 0.001L and so on

1milliliter =0.0001

1 millilitre is one 1000th of a litre – therefore 1ml = 0.001L

updated! Thanks for pointing this out

How to prepare solution in ppm

milligrams per litre

Avogadro’s no is wrong it is 10^+23

That’s also correct it is 6.023×10^23

Very basically important question answer

Yes it’s right 1ml=0.001L Due to it’s A conversion factor form Milli liters to liters i.e (1/1000 of liter)

Nice question

What’s the difference in your answer and above que.19th answer??😁

How can we determine the boiling points of components in the mixture are far or close to each other?

How can u determine the rectified spirit

96% alcohol + 4% water

what is the modern name of element ”sb” ???

stibnite/antimony

By fractional distillation or extractive distillation

Fractional distillation is a process of separating a mixture of chemical compounds.

By using ditillation metgod first smaller boiling point will come first then tha second comes

If the difference in boiling points of two liquid is not much, fractional distillation is used to separate them. In this technique, fractionating column is fitted over the mouth of the round bottom flask. When vapours of a liquid mixture are passed through a fractionating column, the capours of the low boiling liquid (A) will move up while those of the high boiling liquid will condense and fall back into the flask. Therefore, liquid (A) with low boiling point will distill first.

The ones that are more volatile evaporate fasts

Practicle questions chemistory

How to make M/10 solution

Dilute solution with 100ml distilled water

Its molecular mass is 106. To prepare \frac{M}{10} Na2CO3 solution, 10.6 g of sodium carbonate should be dissolved per litre of the solution. Normally in the laboratory we are required to prepare 250 ml of solution.

imp question

Nice qutions

Usefull questions …thnk u for give this questions..

Yes very useful

Pls join ts Grp. Very nice and good

What is range of water

Very useful questions. thanks

calculate repulsive force between two electron? when the distance between then is 4.10* -15 (four into ten two the power -15?

good in improview the knowledge questions.

What is Balance shell????

Very useful .what is valance shell

a place outside the nucleus where an electron can move around the nucleus

Useful questions. but check your answer on question 19.

Please provide more questions

Excellent performance for Interview questions once again inter questions basic level

I am Abrham and I am learning an industrial chemistry in undergraduate level so I want to learn master through fast track. So to get this opportunity there is an interview, please help to answer the interview questions

I am chemistry student learn about in chemistry

Thank you for google, it gave top 22 chemistry interview questions

A microlitre is 10-^6 of a litre. It should read 0.000001L

Thanks for writing. It is updated.

Nice….. Do you have more questions…??

PLS more interview questions on clinical chemistry

Thnx…..Very important questions

Thnx…..

What is mean by pH

Potential of hydrogen

Please provide 3years experience interwe qoustions

I ma bsc chemistry I am completely 2108 batch but freshers student

More important questions and answers plz

Really… Very useful

Usefull questions….tq

What is water properties…?

Plz noted That If 1 ml = 0.001 litre Then 1microlitre= 0.001 ml hence it is 0.000001 litre

i appritiate it thunks

Is is useful to freshers also

very nice questions

Pls provide more videos…its very helpful

Sir i have done masters in chemistry but sir i want to clear all basic

In 19th question Maybe 1microliter will be 0.000001

Thanks for pointing out. It is updated.

Give more Question for interview

Hi Am Musrath Jahan, will have to attend content writing chemistry exam for 11th and 12 grade need specimen copy of question and answer script.

Very important information

Give more questions for interview

Interview questions and answers

I need some more information by giving the definitions with formula Because is to learn with interest

Please provide more basic questions

Give more questions related with Msc chemistry Syllabus.

Nice questions

Very nice …I interesed to join u r group

I like chemistry subeject sir many more send me question and answers

It is very useful thanks

Chemistry definition

I am a student and I need assistant here

Well done I’m very appreciated with your help

I really appreciate this, PLS more basic questions for interview for nursing, will appreciate.email- nmombum@ Gmail.com.

All questions are nice but there is a mistake in 12th question. The value of avagadro no. 6.023×10^23 not 10^-23

Thanks for writing. It is reviewed.

Study of physical and chemical properties

Question no 8 there is small mistake in ans. Use of distillation and fractionation (1st sentence) .

It is corrected..!!

Quilaty control,pharma jobs

Thank u sir

Must important Questions that’s really necessary for an Interview all questions come from basic chemistry and must know if you are a student of chemistry subject

good quation

potentiol of hydrogen

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