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Earth and Space

Subject: Physics

Age range: 7-11

Resource type: Lesson (complete)

Last updated

21 February 2021

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Designed for KS2 learners this fully illustrated, ready-to-use lesson provides an interesting and engaging introduction to Earth and space. It covers national curriculum for science topics including the solar system, geocentric and heliocentric theories and how to tell the time using the Sun. Also featured are some of the astronauts who have travelled into space, the International Space Station and the current Mars missions.

The lesson includes an engaging and informative PowerPoint consisting of over 35 slides. It starts with objectives, has a worksheet to complete as the lesson progresses and includes three activities which can be completed in class or given as homework. The PowerPoint includes several links to videos on YouTube to illustrate the lesson. Notes and answers to the worksheet and activities are included.

This lesson has five sections: • Earth, Sun and Moon • The solar system • Is the Earth or the Sun at the centre of the solar system? • Telling the time using the Sun • People who have travelled into space

Duration: Approximately one hour.

WaterAid WaterAid is working around the world to ensure that everyone, everywhere gets access to clean water, decent toilets and good hygiene. Fun and educational resources for schools and teachers as well as fundraising ideas are available on the WaterAid website here .

This technology lesson is made available free of charge. If you find it useful please make a donation to WaterAid at wateraid.org .

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Space exploration STEM teaching pack

Journey into space with this  Space exploration STEM teaching pack for KS2. Visit the International Space Station, find out if pupils have what it takes to become an astronaut and design a space vehicle for space travel.

This fully resourced , no-prep pack contains everything needed for a fun approach to STEM learning .

Who’s the pack for? This pack has been designed for a primary school science unit on space exploration aimed at KS2 . It can be used in conjunction with existing curriculum materials or as a standalone space science unit.

Suitable for both new and more experienced teachers, you'll find a variety of fun STEM activities that can be differentiated  to suit different types of learners , with engaging extension activities to ensure pupils are challenged.

What’s included?

This comprehensive pack has detailed lesson plans with step-by-step instructions, ideas for enhancing and extending learning and a handy teacher assessment sheet.  Lesson plans are linked to  ready-to-use printable teaching resources , handouts and worksheets in the teacher pack and pupil pack.

For the teacher

• Lesson plans,  formative and summative assessment opportunities,  extension activities and homework tasks.
• A Teacher pack with accompanying learning resources and printable worksheets with answers.

For the pupil

• A Pupil pack with colourful learning worksheets and clear guidance for all tasks. 
• Fun activities to learn all about space exploration, including virtual tours, research tasks and design tasks. 

How is the pack structured? The pack consists of five milestones , which if completed in sequence will build pupils' knowledge to enable them to complete a summative assessment activity in the final milestone. 

Lesson activities are organised as follows:

• Prepare (Bell-ringer/starter activity)
• Present (Teach/model)
• Produce (Pupil project work)
• Participate (Pupil/group share)
• Practise (Homework/assessment/independent activities)

What's inside?

Milestone 1 : Building background knowledge of space exploration

• Explore different NASA astronaut training activities and then explain the steps in the astronaut selection process.
• Explain why it is so hard to become an astronaut.

  Milestone 2 : Famous astronauts

• Answer questions about a famous astronaut by conducting research.
• Explain the characteristics of successful astronauts.

Milestone 3 : Spacecraft and space travel

• Explore the changes in spacecraft over time.
• Identify the parts of a spacecraft and explain what they do.
• Design a vehicle to travel in space.

Milestone 4 : Building a new space vehicle

• Explain the changes in spacecraft over time. 
• Design their own spacecraft.

Milestone 5 : Describing a trip to space

• Write a story about a journey into outer space.
• Explain if they would like to be an astronaut.

How to use this teaching pack This pack should be used for teaching and reinforcing concepts in a primary school science unit for KS2 . It is designed to be flexible and can be used as a standalone space science unit or in conjunction with other curriculum materials, STEM resources or STEM lessons. The teaching pack is designed to be delivered over five lessons but can be dipped into to supplement other learning plans.

Explore more resources like this Try our Solar system STEM teaching pack , browse our  STEM teaching packs  or explore Teachit Primary’s complete collection of teaching packs . 

We’d like to thank colleagues at  TeacherVision.com  for allowing us to re-use their original content.

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Space Fact Files (Year 5)

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Help children to learn about the Moon, Earth and Sun with this worksheet. They must conduct their own research to complete the fact file templates provided, writing about the shape, diameter and orbit of the Sun, Earth and Moon, and finding out as many interestng facts as possible. As an extension activity, challenge children to find out why the Sun, Earth and Moon are spherical.

Example answers are provided.

• Key Stage: Key Stage 2
• Subject: Science
• Topic: Earth and Space
• Topic Group: Physical Processes
• Year(s): Year 5
• Media Type: PDF
• Resource Type: Worksheet
• Last Updated: 25/10/2023
• Resource Code: S2WAT404

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Primary Science Resources for the National Curriculum

Year 5 earth and space.

• Outstanding Science Year 5
• Earth And Space

Knowledge and Understanding

Statutory requirements, notes and guidance, upper ks2 - working scientifically, planet facts worksheet free, outstanding science year 5 | earth and space | os5d002.

• Description
• National Curriculum
• Key learning

Learning objective

I can research and compare the different planets in the solar system.

Children learn about 3 different planet classifications - terrestrial, gas giant, and ice giant. They carry out a networking activity where each child has a sheet containing incomplete information and they find out the missing data from their classmates. They discuss various ways of comparing, grouping and ordering the planets.

• 5d1 : describe the movement of the Earth, and other planets, relative to the Sun in the solar system

The solar system Worksheet

Outstanding science year 5 | earth and space | os5d001.

I can explain how the Earth and the other planets in the solar system move.

Children cut out pictures of the Sun and the eight major planets of the solar system and use them to complete a diagram by placing them in order of distance from the Sun.

Earth, Sun and Moon Worksheet

Outstanding science year 5 | earth and space | os5d003.

I can explain how the Moon moves.

Children learn how the Moon moves around the Earth. They learn about theories of the Moon's formation, and that it has been explored. Children create an information text answering the questions 'How do the Earth and Moon move?', 'How was the Moon formed?', and 'Has the Moon been explored?', and complete a diagram showing the movement of the Earth and Moon.

• 5d2 : describe the movement of the Moon relative to the Earth

The lunar cycle Worksheet

Outstanding science year 5 | earth and space | os5d004.

I can explain how the Moon's appearance appears to change when viewed from Earth.

Children complete a diagram showing the eight phases of the Moon and why the Moon's appearance seems to change.

The formation of the solar system Worksheet

Outstanding science year 5 | earth and space | os5d005.

I can explain how the solar system was formed.

Children complete an information text explaining the latest model of the origins of the solar system.

• 5d3 : describe the Sun, Earth and Moon as approximately spherical bodies

Comparing the planets Worksheet

Outstanding science year 5 | earth and space | os5d006.

I can compare the sizes of the planets in the solar system.

Children look at diagrams of the planets which are in proportion to one another. They use an 'Earth ruler' to measure the diameter of the planets in Earth diameters in order to compare them to the Earth. They then use a ruler marked in cm to measure the diameter, before using a formula to calculate their true size. They record their data in a table and look for patterns. Children can use the planet diagrams to make a display.

Day and night Worksheet

Outstanding science year 5 | earth and space | os5d007.

I can explain how day and night are caused.

Using a split pin, children create a moving model showing how the rotation of the Earth causes day and night. They move their model through a day and night cycle, using speech bubbles to explain what they would experience at each stage of the cycle.

• 5d4 : use the idea of the Earth’s rotation to explain day and night and the apparent movement of the sun across the sky.

Making a sundial Investigation

Outstanding science year 5 | earth and space | os5d008.

I can make a sundial and explain how it works.

Using a template, children cut out and assemble their own sundial. They carefully attach the gnomon (shadow caster). On a sunny, rain and wind-free day, children calibrate their sundial by fixing it in position and marking where the shadow of the gnomon falls at 9am, 10am, 11am, 12pm, 1pm, 2pm and 3pm. Children predict where the 4pm shadow line would fall.

Subscribe to Outstanding Science Year 5 and get everything you need to teach Science in Year 5.

Get access to all of our year 5 resources for only £25., includes: living things and their habitats , animals, including humans , properties and changes of materials , earth and space , and forces ., outstanding science, primary science resources.

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Space exploration

What is space exploration?

Space exploration is sending people or machines into space to visit other planets and objects in space.  Mankind has dreamed of visiting the stars for hundreds of years, but it wasn’t until 1969 that the first person walked on the Moon.

Since the first person walked on the Moon, hundreds of satellites have been launched into orbit around the earth, and hundreds of people have been into space on lots of different types of spacecraft. We have also sent machines to investigate objects that are further away in the Solar System.

Top 10 facts

• The first person in space was Yuri Gagarin from the Soviet Union, who travelled into orbit around the Earth in 1961 .
• The first man to walk on the Moon was an American called Neil Armstrong in 1969 .
• The Moon is the only place in space apart from Earth that humans have set foot on.
• People who fly into space are called astronauts. They have to be very careful about what they eat and what exercise they do to stay healthy while they are in space.
• A spacecraft needs to travel at 11,000 miles per hour to get into orbit around the Earth.
• Spacecraft use huge rockets to carry them into space.
• The most famous type of spacecraft was the Space Shuttle. There were five Space Shuttles and one prototype – between them they flew 135 missions into space.
• Out of billions of people who live on Earth, only 535 have been into Orbit, and only 12 have ever walked on the Moon.
• The International Space Station is the biggest space station ever built. It can hold a crew of six people.
• In 2012 a machine made by NASA called ‘Curiosity’ landed on Mars to see if it could find evidence of any creatures or plants having ever lived there.

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Did you know?

• Space starts 100 kilometres (62 miles) above the surface of the Earth.
• The first man to walk on the moon was Neil Armstrong. He was an American who travelled there in 1969 on NASA’s Apollo 11 mission. As he stepped onto the Moon he said, “That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”
• A satellite is what we call a machine that is launched into orbit around the Earth. Some satellites do things like taking photographs or broadcasting TV channels, and others are used by scientists.
• The first satellite was called Sputnik I and was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. It circled the Earth for three months.
• When a space mission includes people, we call it a manned space expedition. When it only includes machines, we call it an unmanned expedition.
• Nobody has ever stepped on any object in space apart from the Moon, but we have sent machines to investigate Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and many other places.
• There is no air in space, so astronauts have to take air with them from Earth so that they can breathe. If they want to go outside their spacecraft, they have to wear special airtight clothes called a space suit.
• A space station is a place built in space so that astronauts can live and work in space.
• There is so little gravity in orbit around the Earth that instead of walking on the ground, astronauts in the space shuttles or on the International Space Station float in the air. This is called weightlessness.
• Astronauts have to exercise every day to keep their muscles strong while they are in space. They also have to eat specially prepared foods that are nutritious, easy to prepare and don’t make a mess when you eat them in space. Ice cream is too messy to eat in space so astronauts have to have it freeze-dried so that they can eat it for dessert!

Space gallery:

• An astronaut
• The Apollo 11 Moon landing
• The Soyuz space shuttle
• Buzz Aldrin walking on the Moon
• The launch of the Atlantis
• Neil Armstrong
• Helen Sharman was the first British astronaut
• Yuri Gargarin
• The Sputnik satellite
• The International Space Station

Construction of the International Space Station by Europe, Japan, Canada, Russia and the USA started in 1998 and is still going on today. The International Space Station is the largest object that humans have ever put into orbit. It will be used by astronauts until at least the year 2020.

Space exploration doesn’t just mean sending people into space. We also send machines. Voyager I and Voyager II, launched in 1977, have almost reached the edge of the Solar System and will soon be exploring deep space. They have travelled further from Earth than any other space craft made by man.

Voyager I and Voyager II visited Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto on their journey through the Solar System .

Apart from the Moon, the most popular place to send unmanned space expeditions is to Mars. Since the year 2000, there have been 10 unmanned expeditions to Mars, including putting spacecraft into orbit around Mars and landing machines called rovers to explore the surface.

Some scientists think that creatures may have lived on Mars millions of years ago, when Mars was warmer and had more air – NASA sent the rover Curiosity to Mars in 2012 to look for evidence of life. They haven’t found it yet, but they are going to keep on looking!

Sending people to investigate Mars might take up to six months just to travel there. Even simple things like making sure that you have enough food to eat are difficult when you have to pack everything into your spacecraft before you leave. You can’t come back if you’ve forgotten something!

During the 1950s and 1960s there was a “Space Race” between the United States of America and the Soviet Union. Both countries thought it was important to be the first to do things in space and were very proud of their achievements. The Soviet Union put the first satellite and the first man into orbit, but the USA was the first to send a man to the Moon.

Now private companies are starting to fly into space too. Virgin Galactic sells tickets for a short trip into space for £130,000! Passengers won’t go high enough to go into orbit, but they will spend about six minutes in space. The whole trip will take two and a half hours from take-off to landing.

Words to know for space exploration:

Astronaut – a person who has travelled in space Curiosity – a large rover sent to Mars by NASA to look for signs of life ESA – the European Space Agency, which consists of all the countries in Europe working together on missions to explore space NASA – the North American Space Agency, which is the organisation from the USA that explores and investigates space Orbit – When something goes into orbit, it is high enough that it keeps circling the Earth, instead of falling back to the ground. Rocket – Rockets burn a lot of fuel to get to very high speeds very quickly. You have to do this if you want to get from the surface of the Earth into orbit. Rover – a mobile robot sent to land on another planet or moon and explore Satellite – a machine put into orbit around the Earth, and often used for science or communications Spacecraft – a vehicle for travelling in space or into space Space Shuttle – Made by NASA, this is the most famous type of spacecraft to be made. Space station – a permanent structure in space where astronauts can live and work Spacesuit – special airtight clothes that keep an astronaut safe and warm outside their spacecraft Sputnik – the first satellite to be put into orbit around Earth Voyager I and Voyager II – spacecraft that were sent to explore the outer parts of the Solar System

Related Videos

Just for fun...

• Have an adventure on Mars and play games and try activities to find out about Mars exploration
• Answer questions about the scientific advancements that led to Apollo 11's successful mission to the Moon in CBBC's Moon Mayhem quiz
• Explore Mars with Nasa's Mars Rovers Game
• A spaceship craft activity to help you think about constructing a real spacecraft
• Learn some space-themed songs
• Use National Centre for Earth Observation resources to think about what Earth looks like from space
• Launch a virtual spacecraft and send it into orbit
• See the true size of space
• What would your age be on other planets ?
• Make your own paper models of spacecrafts

Books about space exploration for kids

Names to know:

Buzz Aldrin (1930-2012) – He was the second man to walk on the Moon, and was from the USA. Helen Sharman (1963-present) – She was the first person from Britain to travel into space. John F Kennedy (1917-1963) – He was the President of the USA who started the space race and told NASA to send a man to the moon. Neil Armstrong (1930-2012) – He was the first man to walk on the Moon, and was American. Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968) – He was the first man to go into space, and was from the Soviet Union.

Find out more about space exploration:

• An interactive kids' guide to the International Space Station
• Watch an animated video about Neil Armstrong
• NASA: people and technology
• Join historian Greg Jenner for a  BBC Sounds kids' homeschool history lesson on the space race
• Discover more about how NASA is searching for planets beyond our Solar System
• The European Space Agency's kids' zone about life beyond Earth
• The Hubble Space Telescope has changed the way scientists look at the universe
• Look through BBC Bitesize's guide to Neil Armstrong , with an animated video and a quiz
• Marvel at the wonders of space with clips from the BBC series, Little Stargazing (suitable for KS1)
• Discover the secrets and stories of Apollo 11 , the first moon mission
• Watch lots of videos from the ESA , including British astronaut Tim Peake's spacewalk
• Expand your knowledge with some brilliant apps about space to use on a tablet computer or phone
• Read brilliant books for KS1 and KS2 about the moon landings and space exploration

See for yourself

• Visit the amazing gallery on space travel in the Science Museum in London. 
• See more about human exploration of space at the National Space Centre in Leicester.
• Take a complete, 25-minute tour of the International Space Station with the Space Station Captain
• Might you be on one of Virgin Galactic 's first trips to space?  

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Tim Peake Project Activities

This list supports the Tim Peake Primary Project, containing resources which link to many aspects of the curriculum and to Tim Peake's mission to the International Space Station. Including background information, key subject knowledge and activities for use in the classroom, they offer a range of opportunities to help children and teachers become more aware of space and the opportunities this may hold in the future. Ideas include lessons with a focus on science, geography, PE, mathematics and art.

Further resources are available on the Tim Peake page.

Is There Anyone Out There?

Quality Assured Category: Science Publisher: ESERO-UK

 This resource contains fun experiments that help children learn the skills of practical investigation. Analyse martian soil samples to find evidence of life, investigate craters and volcanoes and find the best site for a Mars rover. An excellent way of working scientifically using space as a context.

The Great British Space Dinner

Quality Assured Collection Category: Design and technology Publisher: UK Space Agency

A wealth of resources, including videos and activity ideas. The primary school collection will help support learning more about healthy eating, health and cooking – all through the exciting context of space.

Mission X: train like an astronaut *suitable for home teaching*

Quality Assured Category: Cross curricular Publisher: UK Space Agency

This free education programme developed by NASA scientists and fitness professional working with astronaut and space agencies across the world uses the excitement of space exploration to inspire students to learn more about nutrition, exercise, science and space exploration. Designed for 8 -14 year olds, the challenges can be adapted for younger age groups. They look at:

•  Science Challenges relating to bone density, hydration and nutrition
• PE Challenges which look at the implications of living and working in a microgravity environment.

Imaging the Earth

Quality Assured Category: Computing Publisher: ESERO-UK

Linking to many aspects of geography this lesson uses satellite images of the Earth to identify various locations on the Earth. The images could almost be postcards from TimP eake showing his view from the ISS as he travels around the Earth.  

The activities build map skills and recognition of  physical geography features in familiar and unfamiliar locations. Mathematics activities focused on scale and using coordinates sit alongside digital literacy tasks requiring analysis of web-based sources for research. Children will also learn about the important role played by satellites in disaster relief.

Links could also be made to Literacy with children writing postcards from space showing the view and describing what they see, or talking about some aspect of life on the ISS.

International Space Station (ISS) Education Kit - Primary

Quality Assured Category: Science Publisher: ESA

A great resource with lots of ideas for planning lessons across the curriculum using space as a stimulus.

Looks at life in space and what is it like to live and work on board the International Space Station.

It includes: background information, worksheets, colour posters and a teachers' guide.

Rosetta - primary resource book

Resources for all ages of primary children from 5-11. They look at many aspects of Earth and Space.

The solar panels activity could help children understand more about the solar panels on the International Space Station. The Soft landing activity could be linked to Tim’s re-entry.

These short animations tell the story of Rosetta and Philae and are a great introduction to running activities.

Look to the Future: the Future Needs STEM

Quality Assured Category: Careers Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)

This careers pack, for primary schools, uses space as a context to highlight the importance of STEM subjects. It highlights some of the STEM career opportunities available so that children can explore the breadth of jobs opportunities available.

Containing seven activities which also link to many aspects of PSHE, children look at the skills and qualities required for various jobs and the impostance of communication, teamwork and problem solving.

In activity 5   they create a personalised ‘crew patch’ for a space mission that shows their  interests, strengths and hopes for the future.  

Space Case - Borrow the spacecraft materials kit

This activity has been created for use with the ‘Space Case’, a specially designed resource box available from Space Ambassadors working with schools on the Tim Peake Primary Project. Investigate properties of materials and decide which would be suitable for use on a spacecraft, in this resource aimed at upper primary children. Children  investigate eleven materials looking at mass, magnetic attraction, impact tests, electrical and thermal conductivity. They plan tests, record their findings and draw their own conclusions. Finally reporting back on which materials they think are most suitable for the satellite and why.

Principia Space Diary

Quality Assured Category: Science Publisher: Curved House Kids Ltd

The Principia Mission Space Diary aims to help children find out more about the Principia mission, to strengthen literacy and visual literacy skills and engage children in STEM learning. The diary is supported over the six months of Tim's mission by lesson plans released each month. The first set of teaching notes accompanies this resource, to ensure that you receive the lesson plans for the next six months sign up here .

Tim Peake Project: Stickers

This resource contains a sheet of fifty four space themed printable stickers. The stickers have been designed specially for the Tim Peake Primary Project

Rocket Science: Primary Schools Resource Pack

Quality Assured Category: Science Publisher: RHS Campaign for School Gardening

The Rocket Science Primary Resource Pack contains three classroom activities that consider the potential for our long term survival there. The activities have been designed to support learning in Maths, English, Design and Technology and Art. From what plants need to grow and the parts of the plant that we eat, to a more advanced understanding of the role plants play in a healthy diet and ecosystem, and the way they can adapt themselves to changing environmental conditions.

EO Detective 7-11

Quality Assured Collection Category: Cross curricular Publisher: National Centre for Earth Observation

Aimed at primary learners, these resources link to aspects of mathematics, geography, science and computing.The activities use early astronaut photographs to encourage children to think about what features on the Earth look like from space, and satellite images to enable students to measure the growth of a city and the shrinking of a glacier.

The magic of light

This set of eight enquiry-based activities aimed at 8-10 year olds allows pupils to study light and colour using spectroscopes and colour wheels. P upils work individually or in groups to build a spectroscope that can be used to look at light sources. They look at the composition of white light and how complex colours are made up of combinations of the three basic colours (red, green and blue). They can then make their own complex colours by mixing basic colours in a colour wheel, and can make white light with a colour wheel containing all the colours of the rainbow.

Principia mission - maths in space

Quality Assured Category: Mathematics Publisher: UK Space Agency

In this collection of mathematics resources children explore familiar and unfamiliar mathematical ideas relating to Tim’s Principia mission, including estimation, measures, combinations, permutations and probability. The resource comes in three packs that each focus on different areas of the principia mission, Pack 1 relates most to the primary curriculum and includes calculating how much you eat, exploring how to get six months’ worth of food to the International Space Station.

Paxi animations

Quality Assured Collection Category: Science Publisher: ESA

This collection of short animations introduce us to Paxi, the alien explorer and European Space Agency mascot. Paxi introduces himself, then explores the Solar System, investigates comets and looks at how scientists aim to find out if there is evidence for life on Mars. These animations are a great introduction to learning about space and ESA missions in a way that is accessible to children.

Once upon a time

Follow the adventures of Rosetta and Philae, in this animated adventure of chasing and landing on comets.

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