vancouver reference phd thesis

Vancouver referencing style

• About Vancouver referencing style
• Additional referencing information
• EndNote and Vancouver referencing
• Reference list / Bibliography
• In-text citations
• Indirect citation / Secondary source
• ChatGPT and other generative AI tools
• Dictionaries / Encyclopaedias
• Specialised health resources
• Journal articles
• Conferences
• Government / Reports

Thesis - print

Thesis retrieved from fulltext database or internet.

• Other Internet sources
• Social media
• Pamphlets / Brochures / Package inserts
• Lecture notes
• Audiovisual material
• Personal communication
• Legal material
• Tables / Figures / Images / Appendices

• << Previous: Government / Reports
• Next: Webpages >>
• Last Updated: Aug 5, 2024 4:04 PM
• URL: https://guides.library.uq.edu.au/referencing/vancouver

• Subject guides
• Citing and referencing

Theses / Dissertations

Citing and referencing: theses / dissertations.

• In-text citations
• Reference list
• Books and book chapters
• Journals/Periodicals
• Newspapers/Magazines
• Government and other reports
• Legal sources
• Websites and social media
• Audio, music and visual media
• Conferences
• Dictionaries/Encyclopedias/Guides
• Theses/Dissertations
• University course materials
• Company and Industry reports
• Patents and Standards
• Tables and Figures
• Abbreviations used in referencing
• Medicine and Health sources
• Foreign language sources
• Music scores
• Journals and periodicals
• Government sources
• News sources
• Web and social media
• Games and apps
• Ancient and sacred sources
• Primary sources
• Audiovisual media and music scores
• Images and captions
• University lectures, theses and dissertations
• Interviews and personal communication
• Archival material
• Reference list guidelines
• Journal articles
• Government and industry publications
• Websites, newspaper and social media
• Conference papers, theses and university material
• Video and audio
• Images, graphs, tables, data sets
• Personal communications
• In-text Citations
• Journals / Periodicals
• Encyclopedias and Dictionaries
• Interviews and lectures
• Music Scores / Recordings
• Film / Video Recording
• Television / Radio Broadcast
• Online Communication / Social Media
• Live Performances
• Government and Organisation Publications
• Medicine & health sources
• Government/organisational/technical reports
• Images, graphs, tables, figures & data sets
• Websites newspaper & magazine articles, socia media
• Conferences, theses & university materials
• Personal communication & confidential unpublished material
• Video, audio & other media
• Generative AI
• Indigenous knowledges

Vancouver Contents

• Introduction to Vancouver style
• Audio and visual media
• Dictionaries / Encyclopedias
• Drug information sources
• Evidence summaries
• Government / Technical reports
• Standards and Pharmacopoeias
• Tables and figures

Before using this guide check with your faculty, school or department for their specific referencing guidelines

Follow these examples closely for all layout, punctuation, spacing and capitalisation.

Enter author's surname, followed by no more than 2 initials.

Only the first word of the Thesis / Dissertation title and words that normally begin with a capital letter are capitalised.

The place of publication is the city in which the conferring institution is located. For US and Canadian cities follow with the two letter state code in Appendix E , for all other cities us the two letter country code in Appendix D .

In cases where the place of publication is not stated, source the location via alternative methods, e.g. location of University and place this in square brackets [ ].

Abbreviate months to their first 3 letters.

Insert Dissertation for a PhD or master's thesis for a master's degree in square brackets [ ] following the title.

If you are estimating the number of pages include the p. after the page number, if you know how many pages that are in the thesis / dissertation, include the p. before the page number.

For further details on citing Theses / Dissertations refer to Chapter 5 - Dissertations and Theses in Citing Medicine.

For electronic Theses / Dissertations include in the citation "on the Internet" inside the square brackets, after the title. Also include the date viewed / cited.

For electronic Theses / Dissertations include in the citation "on microfiche" inside the square brackets, after the title.

• University of Newcastle Library
• Referencing Guides
• Vancouver Referencing Style

Vancouver Referencing Style:  Theses

• About Vancouver
• In-text citations
• Reference list
• Books & eBooks
• Book chapters
• Web resources
• Govt documents
• Course material
• Conferences
• Images & tables
• Health specific
• Personal comm
• Other sources
• Secondary sources
• What are DOIs? This link opens in a new window
• Referencing Guide This link opens in a new window
• General Rules - Theses & Dissertations
• Online theses
• Print theses
• Parts of theses

Theses and dissertations

General rules:.

The exact format of references to theses and dissertations is dependent upon whether the thesis/dissertation is published or unpublished, and how it is available (online or in print). 

The elements common to references to an entire thesis/dissertation are:

• Author Name
• Thesis Title
• Use 'master's thesis' for work at the master's level and 'dissertation' for the doctorate.
• Academic Institution /University 
• The year the degree was granted
• If the document was consulted online, include the DOI if available, or a URL.

For citing published theses

• Cite  published theses  as books and add the publisher's name and date of publication in addition to the elements listed above.  

For citing parts of theses

• To cite parts of a thesis, such as chapters, figures, tables or appendixes, cite the thesis as a whole first, then follow it by the information about the part.    

Online theses and dissertations 

The following is the general format of a reference to an online thesis with example. For citing theses in print, see the tab above.  

See the  general rules for theses  for more details. 

Reference list entry: format and example

Citation No.   Author.   Title: subtitle  [type of thesis on the Internet].  Campus Location:   University;  Year of publication  [cited date] .  Page.  URL

1.           Rutting S. Dietary fatty acids and innate immune responses in primary human lung cells [dissertation on the Internet]. Callaghan (NSW): University of Newcastle; 2019 [cited 2020 Jan 8]. 195 p. Available from: https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:35633

Print theses and dissertations 

The following is the general format of a reference to a thesis in print. For citing online theses see the tab above.  

Citation No.  Author.   Title: subtitle  [type of thesis].  Campus Location:   University;  Year of publication, Page.

1.           Weisbaum LD. Human sexuality of children and adolescents: a comprehensive training guide for social work professionals [master's thesis]. Long Beach (CA): California State University, Long Beach; 2005. 101 p.

2.           Baldwin KB. An exploratory method of data retrieval from the electronic medical record for the evaluation of quality in healthcare [dissertation]. Chicago: University of Illinois at Chicago, Health Sciences Center; 2004. 116 p.

Parts of theses and dissertations

To cite parts of a thesis, such as chapters, figures, tables or appendixes, cite the thesis as a whole first, then follow it by the information about the part.  

The following is the general format of a reference to a part of a thesis. 

Citation No.  Author.   Title: subtitle  [type of thesis].  Campus Location:   University;  Year of publication.  Part No, Part title; page range.

1.           Christensen PM. Infant nutrition and child health on Tarawa, Kiribati: a nutritional anthropological approach [master's thesis]. Sydney: University of New South Wales, Centre for South Pacific Studies; 1995. Chapter 3.1, Breastfeeding practices on Tarawa; p. 46-53.

2.           Kneale C. Health claims: an exploration of the current debate in Australia [master's thesis]. Sydney: University of Sydney, Nutrition Research Foundation; 1996. Appendix 4, Health claims questionnaire; p. 49.

• << Previous: Conferences
• Next: Images & tables >>
• Last Updated: May 17, 2024 1:07 PM
• URL: https://libguides.newcastle.edu.au/vancouver

Vancouver Referencing

• Vancouver referencing style
• Audiovisual material
• Conferences
• Dictionaries / Encyclopaedias
• Government reports
• Health resources
• Journal articles
• Lecture notes
• Legal material
• Pamphlets/ Brochures/Package inserts
• Personal communication
• Tables / Figures
• Thesis/ Dissertations
• Websites and social media
• Referencing generative artificial intelligence (eg. ChatGPT)
• In-text citations
• Sources referring other sources
• Reference list / Bibliography
• Referencing tools & training
• More referencing styles This link opens in a new window

Thesis/Dissertations

• Thesis - print
• Thesis retrieved from full-text database or internet
• Can't find it here?

In-text citation:

The research is support by Kay 1 ...

More information about  in-text citations

Reference list:

Author - Family name followed by initials. Thesis title [type of thesis]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year.

• Kay JG. Intracellular cytokine trafficking and phagocytosis in macrophages [dissertation]. St Lucia (AU): University of Queensland; 2007.

The research ... 2

Author - Family named followed by initials. Thesis title [type of thesis/dissertation on the Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year [cited date – year month day]. Available from: URL

• insert "dissertation on the Internet" for a PhD
• insert "master's thesis on the Internet" for a master's degree
• Babazadeh A. Nano-carrier mediated delivery of small molecule activators of proteasome and autophagy enhancers [dissertation on the Internet].Macquarie Park (AU): Macquarie University; 2023 [cited 2023 Dec 5]. Available from: https://figshare.mq.edu.au/articles/thesis/Nano-carrier_mediated_delivery_of_small_molecule_activators_of_proteasome_and_autophagy_enhancers/23974659

Citing medicine: the NLM style guide for authors, editors, and publishers (2nd edition) and AMA manual of style provide detailed guidance in formatting bibliographic citations in Vancouver referencing style.

• Citing medicine: the NLM style guide for authors, editors, and publishers (2nd edition)
• AMA manual of style: a guide for authors and editors (11th edition)
• << Previous: Tables / Figures
• Next: Websites and social media >>
• Last Updated: Aug 22, 2024 9:12 AM
• URL: https://libguides.mq.edu.au/Vancouver_referencing

• Help and Support
• Referencing Guides

Vancouver - Referencing Guide

• Vancouver Style
• Citing in the Text
• Citing Personal Communications
• Citing Secondary Sources
• Annotated Bibliographies
• AI Generated Content
• Assignments
• A-V Materials
• Book Chapters
• Conference Papers
• Course Materials
• Internet Documents
• Journal Articles
• Newspaper Articles
• Personal Communications
• Readers/Study Guides
• Reports: Government Agencies and Other Organisations
• Secondary Sources
• All Examples
• Sample Reference List
• Recommended URLs
• Abbreviations
• 4 Easy Steps
• Referencing Terms
• More Information

Standard format for citation

Unpbulished:

From the Internet:

Thesis in print: Unpublished

1. Borkowski MM. Infant sleep and feeding: a telephone survey of Hispanic Americans. PhD [dissertation]. Mount Pleasant (MI): Central Michigan University; 2002.

2. Hincks CL. The detection and characterisation of novel papillomaviruses. Biomedical Science, Honours [thesis]. Murdoch (WA): Murdoch University; 2001.

Thesis in print: Published

3. Gruszczynski L. Regulating health and environmental risks under WTO law: a critical analysis of the SPS agreement. New York: Oxford University Press; 2010.

Thesis from the Internet

4. Gethin, A. Poor suburbs and poor health : exploring the potential of a locational approach to reducing health disadvantage in Australian cities. PhD [dissertation]. Sydney: University of Western Sydney; 2007. Available from: https://researchdirect.westernsydney.edu.au/islandora/object/uws:89.

See the  All Examples  page for examples of in-text and reference list entries for specific resources such as articles, books, theses and web pages.

Reference list entries.

• AV Materials
• Electronic Documents
• << Previous: Secondary Sources
• Next: All Examples >>
• Last Updated: Aug 21, 2024 2:57 PM
• URL: https://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/Vancouver

You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience.

• Exhibitions
• Visit and Contact
• UCD Library
• Current Students
• News & Opinion
• Staff Directory
• UCD Connect

Vancouver Style Guide: Theses

• Introduction
• Vancouver Tutorial
• Book with one author
• Book with two to six authors
• Book with more than six authors
• Book with a corporate author
• Book with an editor
• Chapter in an edited book
• Print journal article
• Print journal article, multiple authors
• eJournal article
• eJournal article, ahead of print (Epub)
• Generative AI
• Email communication or interviews
• Official publications
• Conferences
• Television or film
• Group or individual assignments
• Secondary sources
• Lecture notes
• Online video (e.g. YouTube)

Back to Academic Integrity guide

Reference : #. Author(s) Last name Initials. Title of thesis [dissertation]. [Place of publication]: Publisher, year of publication. Total number of pages.                                                                                                                     

21. Allen SJ. The social and moral fibre of Celtic tiger Ireland [dissertation]. [Dublin]: University College Dublin; 2009. 270p.

In-Text-Citation :

Use a superscript number (like this: ¹) in the text at the place where you are indicating that you are citing from a source.

Questions have been raised that the values held by the majority in Irish society were significantly realigned during the Celtic tiger years. 21

Still unsure what in-text citation and referencing mean? Check here . 

Still unsure why you need to reference all this information? Check here . 

Creative Commons license

• << Previous: Conferences
• Next: Television or film >>
• Last Updated: Mar 22, 2024 9:53 AM
• URL: https://libguides.ucd.ie/vancouverstyle

Library Services

UCL LIBRARY SERVICES

• Guides and databases
• Library skills

References, citations and avoiding plagiarism

• Vancouver referencing
• Getting Started
• Assignments
• Independent research
• Understanding a reference
• Managing your references
• How to reference
• Acknowledging and referencing GenAI
• Harvard referencing
• APA referencing
• Chicago referencing
• OSCOLA referencing
• MHRA referencing
• MLA referencing
• Avoiding plagiarism
• Further help

Vancouver referencing conventions

Vancouver uses numbers in the text and a references list.

In-text citation

At every point in the text where a particular work is referred to by quoting or paraphrasing, include the number which identifies the reference used, in brackets. References are numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first cited in the text. 

References list

References are presented in numerical order by the order in which they appear in the document.

You should only include sources that you have referenced in your work. 

If you are asked to include a bibliography (in addition to, or in place of, a references list) you can include further items that were read that informed your research and thinking for the assignment, in addition to those that you directly referenced . 

How to reference using Vancouver style

Examples on how to reference particular sources using Vancouver style:

Act of Parliament

Book chapter from an edited book.

• Conference proceeding

Journal article

Newspaper article, radio broadcast, television broadcast, thesis or dissertation.

• Website / webpage

Country. Title of Act and year. Chapter. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Great Britain. Environment Act 1995. Chapter 25. London: The Stationery Office.

Author(s) surname Initial(s). Title of blog entry. Date blog entry written. Title of blog [online]. Year. [Accessed date]. Available from: URL.

Welle K. Impressions from the Stockholm World Water Week. 25 August. ODI blog: commentary from leading development experts [online]. 2006. [Accessed 9 July 2007]. Available from:  http://blogs.odi.org.uk/blogs/main/archive/category/1020.aspx

Author surname Initial(s). Title: subtitle. Edition (if it is not the first edition). Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication.

Cooke A. A guide to finding quality information on the Internet: selection and evaluation strategies. 2nd ed. London: Library Association Publishing; 2001.

Two to six authors:

First author surname Initial(s), second author surname Initial(s), third author surname Initials. Title: subtitle. Edition (if it is not the first edition). Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication.

Feldman RS, Meyer JS, Quenzer LF. The American Psychiatric Press textbook of psychopharmacology. 2nd ed. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1998.

Seven or more authors/editors:

If there are 7 or more authors/editors, only the first 6 are listed followed by et al.

First author surname Initial(s), second author surname Initial(s), third author surname Initial(s), fourth author surname Initial(s), fifth author surname Initial(s), sixth author surname Initial(s), et al., editors.  Title: subtitle. Edition (if it is not the first edition). Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication.

Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Kasper DL, et al., editors. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 14th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 1998.

Book with organisation as author:

SCONUL Advisory Committee on Information Literacy.   Learning outcomes and information literacy. London: SCONUL; 2004.

Edited book:

Editor(s) surname Initial(s), editor(s). Title: subtitle. Edition (if it is not the first edition). Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication.

Ennis F, editor. Infrastructure provision and the negotiating process. Aldershot: Ashgate; 2003.

Editors should have editor or editors after their name or list of names. If there are no authors or editors given, the title should be listed first, followed by place of publication.

Author(s) surname Initial(s). Title of chapter: subtitle. In: Author(s) surname Initial(s). Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication. p. page numbers.

Haefner H. Negative symptoms and the assessment of neurocognitive treatment response. In: Keefe RSE, McEvoy JP, editors. Negative symptom and cognitive deficit treatment response in schizophrenia. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2004. p. 85-110.

When the author's name is the same for the chapter as for the book it does not need to be repeated.

Greenhalgh T. Checklists for finding, appraising, and implementing evidence. In:   How to read a paper: the basics of evidence based medicine. London: BMJ Publishing Group; 2000. p. 177-9.

Page numbers should be preceded by p.

Conference proceedings

Individual conference paper.

Author(s) Initial(s). Title of contribution. In: Editor(s) surname Initial(s). editor(s). Title of conference proceedings, date, place of conference. Place of publication: publisher; Year. p. page numbers.

Nelmes G. Container port automation. In : Corke P., Sukkarieh S. editors. Field and service robotics: results of the 5th international conference, 29-31 July 2005, Port Douglas. Berlin: Springer; 2006. p. 3-8.

If conference proceedings are published in a journal, the article/contribution should be cited as for a journal article.

If the proceedings have been published as chapters in a book, treat the entire proceedings as a book, and individual presentations as a book chapter. Add details of the conference to the book title.

Conference proceedings as a whole

Editor(s) surname Initial(s). editor(s). Title of conference proceedings, date, place of conference. Place of publication: publisher; Year.

Corke P., Sukkarieh S. editors. Field and service robotics: results of the 5th international conference, 29-31 July 2005, Port Douglas. Berlin: Springer; 2006

Title. [DVD]. Place of production: Production company; year.

Acland's DVD atlas of human anatomy: the lower extremity. [DVD]. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004.

Author(s) surname Initial(s). Title: subtitle [online]. Edition (if not the first edition). Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication [Accessed Date]. Available from: URL of database / location in which the book is held

Greenhalgh T. How to read a paper: the basics of evidence based medicine [online]. London: BMJ Publishing Group; 2000 [Accessed 8 September 2008]. Available from:  http://www.netlibrary.com/AccessProduct.aspx?ProductId=66703

e-book reader format, e.g. Kindle

Author(s)/Editor(s) surname Initials(s). Title: subtitle. Edition (if not the first edition). [Name of e-book reader]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication.

Llewelyn H, Ang HA, Lewis KE, Al-Abdullah A. Oxford handbook of clinical diagnosis. 2nd ed. [Kindle DX e-book]. Oxford: OUP; 2009.

Title of film. [film]. Directed by: Full name of director. Place of production: Production company; year.

An inconvenient truth. [film]. Directed by: Davis Guggenheim. USA: Paramount; 2006.

If the film is a video recording (on DVD or VHS) use the same format but change [film] to the relevant media.  This is because video recording may contain extra footage not shown in the film.

Journal article (print)

Author(s) surname Initial(s). Title of article. Abbreviated title of journal. Year of publication;volume number(issue number):page numbers.

Meric F, Bernstam EV, Mirza NQ, Hunt KK, Ames FC, Ross M I, et al. Breast cancer on the world wide web: cross sectional survey of quality of information and popularity of websites. BMJ. 2002;324(7337):577-81.

Journal article (electronic)

Author(s) surname Initial(s). Title of article. Abbreviated title of journal [online]. Year of publication;volume number(issue number):page numbers. [Accessed date]. Available from: URL

Ross CTF. A conceptual design of an underwater vehicle. Ocean engineering [online]. 2006;33(16):2087-2104. [Accessed 6 July 2007]. Available from:  http://www.sciencedirect.com/

When citing online journal articles, it is now widely preferred to include a DOI (Direct Object Identifier) where available rather than a URL.

De Pinto M, Jelacic J, Edwards WT. Very-low-dose ketamine for the management of pain and sedation in the ICU. Acute Pain [online]. 2008;10(2):100. [Accessed 8 September 2008]. Available from:<doi:10.1016/j.acpain.2008.05.023>

Author(s) surname Initial(s). Title of article: subtitle of article. Newspaper title (in full) Year Month and date of publication; section name (if applicable):page numbers of contribution.

Rowbottom M. The Big Question: how prevalent is the use of drugs in sport, and can it be defeated? The Independent 2006 Aug 1;Sect. Sport:5

Title of programme/Series title, Episode number, Episode title. Transmitting organisation/channel. Date and year, Time of transmission.

Desert island discs, Lily Allen. BBC Radio 4. 29 June 2014, 11:15.

Yes, Prime Minister, Episode 1, The Ministerial Broadcast. BBC2. 16 January 1986, 20:30.

News at ten. ITV. 27 January 2001. 22:00.

Author's surname Initial(s). Title: subtitle. Award level of thesis, Awarding institution; Year of publication.

Deb S. Psychopathology of adults with a mental handicap and epilepsy. MA thesis, University of Leicester; 1991.

Croser C. Biochemical restriction of root extension under mechanical impedance. PhD thesis, University of Birmingham; 1997.

Surname(s), Initial(s) (or organisation). Full text of tweet. [Twitter]. Date and year tweet posted [Date accessed]. Available from: URL

Cruciform Library. MedTech Week 2014 at UCL Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME)16-20 June via @UCL_IBME  http://bit.ly/1pbWe53   pic.twitter.com/pzXx3P4DlP [Twitter]. 9 June 2014 [Accessed 2 July 2014]. Available from:  https://twitter.com/ucl_crucitwit

Website or webpage

Author(s)/Editor(s) surname Initial(s). Title. [online]. Publisher: place of publication; Year [Accessed date]. Available from: URL

SukYin A. Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene and breast cancer. [online]. Human Genome Epidemiology Network, National Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Atlanta GA; 2002 Jun [Accessed 8 September 2008]. Available from:  http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/hugenet/factsheets/FS_COMT.htm

Year can include month if preferred.

If a specific author cannot be found, attribute to the organisation or corporation.

Overseas Development Institute, Humanitarian Policy Group. Welcome to HPG. [online]. ODI: London; 2007 [Accessed 9 July 2007]. Available from:  http://odi.org.uk/hpg/index.html

Wiki name. Title of article .  [online]. Year [Date accessed]. Available from: URL

Wikipedia. Jeremy Bentham .  [online]. 2014 [Accessed 2 July 2014]. Available from:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_bentham

• << Previous: Harvard referencing
• Next: APA referencing >>
• Last Updated: Sep 9, 2024 12:28 PM
• URL: https://library-guides.ucl.ac.uk/referencing-plagiarism

Vancouver referencing guide (Online)

• Citations in the text
• The use of page numbers
• Reference List
• Referencing Tools
• Secondary Referencing
• Journal Title Abbreviations
• Place of Publication
• Date of publication
• Page numbers
• Cited Dates
• Volume/Issue Number
• Available from
• Book with one author
• Book with more than one author
• Edited book
• Chapter in an edited book
• Chapter in an edited E-book

Printed Thesis

Online thesis.

• Journal article
• Charts/tables/figures taken from a journal article
• Epubs or ‘online first’ articles
• Book review in an online journal
• Online newspaper article
• Online magazine
• Conference Proceedings
• Website format
• Individual webpage(s) within a website
• Government Report
• British Standards
• Devolved legislation from Wales
• European Union publications
• Image/Table/Figure/Chart in a Book
• Image/Table/Figure/Chart in an E-book
• Image/Table/Figure/Chart in an online journal article
• Image/Table/Figure/Chart in a website
• Combining Multiple Sources to create a chart
• Individual Webpage(s)/charts/tables/images/database within a website
• Notes and Communication
• Copyright statement

Author.  Title  [PhD thesis)]. or [master’s thesis )].  Place of publication:  Publisher;  Date of publication.

Garner JLS. Peer feedback on professional behaviours in the undergraduate medical curriculum: a case study of tutor and student views at the University of Liverpool [Thesis (PhD)]. Liverpool: University of Liverpool; 2012.

Author.  Title [PhD thesis on the Internet].  or [master’s thesis on the Internet].  Place of publication:  Publisher;  Date of publication  [cited Year Month Day].  Available from:

Hue SH. The investigation of pure viscoelastic fluids in a liquid-liquid displacement system [PhD thesis on the Internet]. London: University College London; 2024 [cited 2024 Jul 19]. Available from: https://www.proquest.com/pqdtglobal/docview/3067277927/793800E46B904C3FPQ/1?accountid=14680&sourcetype=Dissertations%20&%20Theses

• << Previous: Chapter in an edited E-book
• Next: Journal articles >>
• Last Updated: Aug 30, 2024 1:30 PM
• URL: https://libguides.swansea.ac.uk/Vancouver

Have a language expert improve your writing

Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, automatically generate references for free.

• Knowledge Base
• Referencing
• Vancouver Referencing | A Quick Guide & Reference Examples

Vancouver Referencing | A Quick Guide & Reference Examples

Published on 18 February 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on 19 August 2022.

Vancouver is a system of referencing commonly used in biomedicine, among other scientific disciplines. In Vancouver style, you place a reference number in the text wherever a source is cited:

This number corresponds to an entry in your reference list – a numbered list of all the sources cited in your text, giving complete information on each:

This quick guide presents the most common rules for Vancouver style referencing. Note that some universities and journals have their own guidelines for the formatting of Vancouver references.

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

Be assured that you'll submit flawless writing. Upload your document to correct all your mistakes.

Table of contents

Vancouver in-text citations, creating a vancouver reference list, vancouver reference examples, missing information in vancouver references, frequently asked questions about vancouver referencing.

In Vancouver style, citations are marked in your text with numbers. These numbers appear either in parentheses or in superscript – choose one option and stick to it consistently:

The numbers usually appear after the name of the author or after a direct quote. They may also appear at the end of the sentence:

Naming authors

You will often need to mention the author when referring to a work or introducing a quote. Only use the author’s last name in your text. If a source has multiple authors, name only the first author followed by ‘et al.’:

It’s not always necessary to mention the author’s name in your text – but always include the reference number when you refer to a source:

Numbering references

Sources are numbered based on the order in which they are cited in the text: the first source you cite is 1, the second 2, and so on.

If the same source is cited again, use the same number to refer to it throughout your paper. This means that the numbers might not appear in consecutive order in your text:

Citing multiple sources

You can also cite multiple sources in the same place:

To cite several sources that appear consecutively in your numbered list, you can use an en dash to mark the range.

In this case, the citation refers the reader to sources 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7.

Citing page numbers

You must specify a page number or range when you directly quote a text, and it can be helpful to do so when you are paraphrasing a particular passage.

Place the page number after the reference number inside the same parentheses, preceded by ‘p.’:

If you’re using superscript numbers, the page number also appears in superscript, in parentheses after the reference number:

The only proofreading tool specialized in correcting academic writing

The academic proofreading tool has been trained on 1000s of academic texts and by native English editors. Making it the most accurate and reliable proofreading tool for students.

Correct my document today

Your reference list is where you provide the information your readers will need in order to look up the sources cited in your text. It consists of a numbered list of all your sources, providing key information including the author, title and publication date of each source.

The list appears in numerical order at the end of your paper. Each entry ends with a full stop, unless the last element is a DOI or URL.

Vancouver reference list example

Author names

Each entry starts with the author’s last name and initials.

When a source has more than one author, their names are separated by commas. If a source has more than six authors, list the first six followed by ‘et al.’

Source titles

Only the first word of the title and subtitle, along with any proper nouns, are capitalised:

Titles in Vancouver referencing are consistently written in plain text. Do not use italics or quotation marks.

The information you provide differs according to the type of source you’re citing, since different details are relevant in different cases. Formats and examples for the most commonly cited source types are given below.

• Book chapter
• Journal article

Some sources will be missing some of the information needed for a complete reference. See below for how to handle missing elements.

As shown in the website example above, when no individual author is named, you can usually name the organisation that produced the source as the author.

If there is no clear corporate author – for example, a wiki that is created and updated collaboratively by users – you can begin your reference with the title instead:

Sources such as websites may lack a clear publication date. In these cases you can omit the year in your reference and just include the date of your citation:

No page numbers

You may want to show the location of a direct quote from a source without page numbers, such as a website. When the source is short, you can often just omit this, but where you feel it’s necessary you can use an alternate locator like a heading or paragraph number:

Prevent plagiarism, run a free check.

Harvard referencing uses an author–date system. Sources are cited by the author’s last name and the publication year in brackets. Each Harvard in-text citation corresponds to an entry in the alphabetised reference list at the end of the paper.

Vancouver referencing uses a numerical system. Sources are cited by a number in parentheses or superscript. Each number corresponds to a full reference at the end of the paper.

A citation should appear wherever you use information or ideas from a source, whether by quoting or paraphrasing its content.

In Vancouver style , you have some flexibility about where the citation number appears in the sentence – usually directly after mentioning the author’s name is best, but simply placing it at the end of the sentence is an acceptable alternative, as long as it’s clear what it relates to.

In Vancouver style , when you refer to a source with multiple authors in your text, you should only name the first author followed by ‘et al.’. This applies even when there are only two authors.

In your reference list, include up to six authors. For sources with seven or more authors, list the first six followed by ‘et al.’.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the ‘Cite this Scribbr article’ button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2022, August 19). Vancouver Referencing | A Quick Guide & Reference Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 9 September 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/referencing/vancouver-style/

Is this article helpful?

Jack Caulfield

Other students also liked, a quick guide to harvard referencing | citation examples, apa referencing (7th ed.) quick guide | in-text citations & references, mhra referencing | a quick guide & citation examples, scribbr apa citation checker.

An innovative new tool that checks your APA citations with AI software. Say goodbye to inaccurate citations!

Imperial College London Imperial College London

Latest news.

Imperial retains top spot in UK university league table

Award shortlists and interdisciplinary research grants: News from Imperial

5 lessons to level up conservation successfully

• Library Services
• Administration and support services
• Learning and teaching support
• Reference management

Vancouver style

Guide to the vancouver citing and referencing style.

When, in your work, you use an idea from a book, journal article, etc., you must acknowledge this in your text. This is referred to as ‘citing'.

Quotations longer than two lines should be inserted as a separate, indented paragraph.

Citing using the Vancouver style

Using quotations

Your reference list

A reference list is your list of all the sources you have cited in the text of your work. The list includes books, journals, etc., listed in one list, not in separate lists according to source type.

• When using the Vancouver style, the reference list should be in numerical order and each number matches and refers to the one in the text
• The list should be at the end of your work
• Books, articles, etc. are written in a particular format

How to write references for your reference list and bibliography

Your bibliography

There may be items which you have consulted for your work, but not cited. These can be listed at the end of your assignment in a ‘bibliography'.

They should be listed in alphabetical order by author and laid out in the same way as items in your reference list.  You will not need to number each work listed in your bibliography.

If you can cite from every work you consulted, you will only need a reference list.

If you wish to show to your reader (examiner) the unused research you carried out, the bibliography will show your extra effort.

Always check the guidance you are given for coursework, dissertations, etc., to find out if you are expected to submit work with a reference list and a bibliography. If in doubt, ask your lecturer or supervisor.

How to write references for your reference list and bibliography  

Print this guide‌

Citing and referencing: Vancouver guide (pdf)

• Bibliography
• More Referencing guides Blog Automated transliteration Relevant bibliographies by topics
• Automated transliteration
• Relevant bibliographies by topics
• Referencing guides

Dissertation (thesis): how to cite in Vancouver Style?

Create a spot-on reference in vancouver, general rules.

According to the rules of Vancouver Style, the following bibliographic reference template should be used to cite a dissertation or a thesis in a list of references:

Author(s) . Title [ work type ]. City : University ; year . Number of pages .

Attention :

• In the City element, give the city where the university or another institution at which the thesis defence occurred is located. If the city is not commonly known, add the country in parentheses. If the city is not indicated in the dissertation, put it in square brackets.
• The Number of pages element is optional.

For a dissertation or a thesis available online, use the following template:

Author(s) . Title [ work type on the Internet]. City : University ; year [cited date cited ]. Number of pages . Available from: URL

Examples in a list of references

Stocks   T. Metabolic factors and cancer risk: prospective studies on prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and cancer overall [doctoral thesis on the Internet]. Umeå: Umeå University; 2009 [cited 2021 Jun 28]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-22567

Reed   BH. The genetic analysis of endoreduplication in Drosophila Melanogaster [Ph.D. thesis]. Cambridge: University of Cambridge; 1992. 292 p.

Structure and Style of Theses and Dissertations

Each student and their supervisory committee should work together to determine the scholarly scope and most appropriate structure of the thesis, keeping in mind scholarly standards within their fields and professional objectives of the student.

As forms of scholarship continue to evolve, so do the possibilities for how a body of scholarly work can be expressed. Theses at UBC can include many forms of knowledge production and scholarly representation. Some examples are:

• a fully unified textual volume, similar to a scholarly book
• a series of published or publication-ready manuscripts with synthesis
• inclusion of scholarly professional artefacts such as policy papers or curriculum plans, for example, along with description and analysis
• a compendium of multimedia works with written description and analysis

Within this flexibility of structure, there remain several elements that must be included in each thesis or dissertation, and specifications to be followed, in order to enable consistent standards and proper archiving.

In addition to the preliminary materials described below, all theses should include an introduction to the subject, a critical analysis of the relevant prior scholarly work, a description of the scholarly methods, a presentation of the results, and a discussion and summary of the results and their implications. Knowledge dissemination products or modes can be incorporated as appropriate.

As appropriate, representation of the research results or methodologies may take a variety of forms, including scholarly publications or submissions (manuscripts), scholarly text, creative text, graphics, audio/visual products, or web pages,  Additional knowledge translation or dissemination products or descriptions of activities can be incorporated, such as policy briefs, lay or professional publications, syllabi, or outlines of workshops or exhibits.

Every thesis will have a PDF component that includes at least the following elements:

• Committee page
• Lay summary
• Table of contents, and/or a List of all submitted files (if there are files in addition to the PDF)

1. Title page (required)

2. committee page (required).

The committee page:

• is the second page of the thesis and is numbered ii
• lists all examining committee members and supervisory committee members, along with their titles, departments, and universities or organizations
• does not include signatures
• is not listed in the table of contents

See Resources for Thesis Preparation and Checking for examples and templates.

Doctoral students: Please include this page in the copy for the External Examiner, with your supervisory committee entered. If you know which members of the committee will be on the Examining Committee you can include them there; otherwise, they can go under Additional Supervisory Committee Members.

Doctoral students post-defence: Please remember to update the committee page before final post-defence submission if necessary.

3. Abstract (required - maximum 350 words)

The abstract is a concise and accurate summary of the scholarly work described in the document. It states the problem, the methods of investigation, and the general conclusions, and should not contain tables, graphs, complex equations, or illustrations. There is a single scholarly abstract for the entire work, and it must not exceed 350 words in length.

4. Lay Summary (required - maximum 150 words)

The lay or public summary is a simplified version of the abstract that explains the key goals and contributions of the research/scholarly work in terms that can be understood by the general public. it does not use technical terms and discipline-specific language. It must not exceed 150 words in length.

5. Preface (required)

Sample Prefaces

The Preface includes a statement indicating the student's contribution to the following:

• Identification of the research question(s)
• Design of the research work
• Performance of the research
• Analysis of the research results

If any of the work was collaborative, the above statement must also detail the relative contributions of all collaborators, including the approximate proportion of the research, analysis, and writing/representation conducted by the student.

If any of the work has led to any publications, submissions, or other dissemination modes, all must be listed in the Preface. For publications, the title of the article, the names and order of all co-authors, and the journal details (if accepted or published) must be included, and linked to the related chapter or portion of the thesis. For further details, see “Including Published Material in a Thesis or Dissertation”.

If any of the work is intended for publication but has not yet been published, you must say whether or not it has been submitted. Do not say where it has been submitted, as if it is not accepted for publication that information will be misleading.

If the work includes other scholarly artifacts (such as film and other audio, visual, and graphic representations, and application-oriented documents such as policy briefs, curricula, business plans, computer and web tools, pages, and applications, etc.) that have been published or otherwise publicly disseminated or that have co-authors, they must be listed in the Preface (with bibliographical information, including information on co-creators, if applicable).

If ethics approval was required for the research, the Preface must list the Certificate Number(s) of the Ethics Certificate(s) applicable to the project.

In a thesis where the research was not subject to ethics review, produced no publications, and was designed, carried out, and analyzed by the student alone, the text of the Preface may be very brief. Samples are available on this website and in the University Library's online repository of accepted theses.

The content of the Preface must be verified by the student's supervisor, whose endorsement must appear on the final Thesis/Dissertation Approval form.

Acknowledgements, introductory material, and a list of publications do not belong in the Preface. Please put them respectively in the Acknowledgements section, the first section of the thesis, and the appendices.

6. Table of contents (required)

7. list of tables (required if document has tables), 8. list of figures (required if document has figures), 9. list of submitted files (required if additional files are submitted with the pdf), 10. list of illustrations (advisable if applicable).

If you remove copyrighted tables, figures, or illustrations from your thesis you must insert the following at the spot where the table, figure, or illustration previously appeared:

• A statement that the material has been removed because of copyright restrictions
• A description of the material and the information it contained, plus a link to an online source if one is available
• A full citation of the original source of the material

See the UBC Library Copyright Educational Resources: Theses and Dissertations Guide “ Unable to get Permission? ”

11. Lists of symbols, abbreviations or other (advisable if applicable)

12. glossary (optional), 13. acknowledgements (optional).

This may include statements acknowledging support and contributions from various sources, including the student’s research supervisor and committee, research participants, colleagues, friends, and family members. IMPORTANT : Please ensure that everyone you mention in your Acknowledgements understands and accepts that their name will be appearing online in an open-access document.

Any funding for the research should be listed here.

14. Dedication (optional)

15-17. thesis body: introduction, research chapters, conclusion (usually required unless the thesis consists only of multimedia).

This contains the comprehensive contextualization, methods, findings, analysis and implications of the scholarly work. These components can be organized and expressed in a manner that the student and their supervisory committee deems to be most appropriate to the work, to the student and their objectives, and to the relevant disciplines.

In many cases the thesis will be organized in chapters, while for others (especially those including creative and/or other modes of expression) it may take different forms. The different elements should be divided appropriately (and indicated as such in the Table of Contents) to enable ease of review. The thesis should be presented in a manner that enables a cohesive understanding of the work and which is credible within the field. In all cases, certain elements are required:

Introductory content.  This must clearly state its theme, topics, hypotheses and/or goals and provide sufficient background information to enable a non-specialist in the subject matter to understand them. It must contextualize the topic and questions within a thorough review of relevant literature and/or other foundational scholarship

Research/Scholarship methodologies, findings, products.  The account and products of the scholarly work should be complete and sufficiently detailed to enable a reader to understand how the work was carried out and analyzed, and how to apply similar methods in another study.

Analysis and summary content.  This should include a reflective analysis of the scholarly findings and/or products, integrated into the context of the thesis subject to demonstrate how the thesis leads to new understandings and contributions. The work’s potential (or actual) impact, its limitations, and its significance should be outlined.

18. Bibliography (mandatory except for MFA and MMUS)

There must be only one Bibliography or References section for the whole thesis.

19. Appendices (Optional)

These consist of supporting material that is not integral to the understanding of the work and/or easily incorporated into the thesis body, potentially including additional methodological details or data, copies of surveys used, etc. They must be referred to in the document.

• Why Grad School at UBC?
• Graduate Degree Programs
• Application & Admission
• Info Sessions
• Research Supervisors
• Research Projects
• Indigenous Students
• International Students
• Tuition, Fees & Cost of Living
• Newly Admitted
• Student Status & Classification
• Student Responsibilities
• Supervision
• Managing your Program
• Health, Wellbeing and Safety
• Professional Development
• Final Doctoral Exam
• Final Dissertation & Thesis Submission
• Life in Vancouver
• Vancouver Campus
• Graduate Student Spaces
• Graduate Life Centre
• Life as a Grad Student
• Graduate Student Ambassadors
• Meet our Students
• Award Opportunities
• Award Guidelines
• Minimum Funding Policy for PhD Students
• Killam Awards & Fellowships
• Dean's Message
• Leadership Team
• Strategic Plan & Priorities
• Vision & Mission
• Equity, Diversity & Inclusion
• Initiatives, Plans & Reports
• Graduate Education Analysis & Research
• Media Enquiries
• Newsletters
• Giving to Graduate Studies

Strategic Priorities

• Strategic Plan 2019-2024
• Improving Student Funding
• Promoting Excellence in Graduate Programs
• Enhancing Graduate Supervision
• Advancing Indigenous Inclusion
• Supporting Student Development and Success
• Reimagining Graduate Education
• Enriching the Student Experience

Initiatives

• Public Scholars Initiative
• 3 Minute Thesis (3MT)
• PhD Career Outcomes

Vancouver Referencing Style @ UCT

• In-text citation guidelines

Theses & Dissertations

• Reference works
• Conferences
• Course materials
• Social media
• Government / Organizational resources
• Audiovisual material
• Figures, images, tables, and diagrams
• Interviews and emails
• Reference List guidelines
• Vancouver V/S Harvard
• Resources used

THESES AND DISSERTATIONS

Print thesis

  Electronic thesis

• << Previous: Journals
• Next: Reference works >>
• Last Updated: Jun 3, 2024 2:20 PM
• URL: https://libguides.lib.uct.ac.za/vancouver

WHSL Vancouver Citation Style Guide for Theses, Dissertations and Research Reports: Faculty of Health Sciences Style Guide

• Faculty of Health Sciences Style Guide
• Introduction
• In-Text Citations
• Print Book Citations
• E-Book Citations
• Print Journal Citations
• E-Journal Citations
• Web Site Citations
• Government/Legal Publications
• Conference Proceedings
• Forthcoming (In Press) Publications
• Database Citations
• Rate This Guide

Referencing (Citation) Styles at Faculty of Health Sciences

There are a number of different referencing styles. The Wits Faculty of Health Sciences accepts only two styles : Vancouver or Harvard . The one most commonly used in the medical and dental literature is the Vancouver style. It is extremely important to follow the same style and format consistently throughout your thesis, dissertation or research report. Choose ONE style only and follow this consistently.   Please confirm the style acceptable to your School or Department before you begin to write up your chapters. If you use a reference manager such as  End Note , please ensure that it is set to conform to the Faculty's Guidelines , as set out in this Guide. 

• School of Anatomical Sciences: Harvard
• School of Clinical Medicine :Vancouver or Harvard (please consult your Department to determine which style is preferred)
• School of Oral Health Sciences: Harvard
• School of Physiology:  Harvard
• School of Public Health: Vancouver or Harvard
• School of Therapeutic Sciences : Harvard 

Steps in Referencing

• Record the full bibliographic details and all relevant page numbers of the source from which your information is taken. This information will become the basis of every citation or reference you use.
• Punctuation marks, spelling, and spaces in references are extremely important and must be applied consistently throughout.
• near the beginning of a sentence eg. Smith¹ asserts that ...
• at the end of a sentence eg. If a culture of service accountability is to be established, there must be a reward system as well as a means of enforcement (1).
• at the end of an entire paragraph about the same topic eg:   If a culture of service accountability is to be established, there must be a reward system as well as a means of enforcement. Rewards will stimulate positive reinforcement of behaviour change, whereas enforcement serves only to create an atmosphere of general negativity in the workplace¹.
• in the middle of a sentence eg: Although the director sets the example for customer service in terms of his/her employees (1), all employees must still take on a sense of individual accountability.
• Note the position of the full stops or commas in each case.
• Include a numerical List of References at the end of your research report, dissertation or thesis that incorporates all your in-text citations.

Academic Integrity

• GUIDELINES FOR STUDENTS ON ACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND WRITING LIKE A SCHOLAR – compiled by Pamela Nichols (Writing Centre) & Marike Kluyts.

Style Guide Change

This WHSL Guide  replaces  the reference section in the Faculty of Health Sciences  Style Guide for Theses, Dissertations and Resesearch Reports , 3rd ed. 2000.

What is Referencing?

Referencing is a standardised method of acknowledging sources of information or the ideas and work of other people that you have used in the body of your work. This referencing method will identify all sources in a unique manner . Direct quotations, facts and figures, tables and images, from published as well as unpublished works need to be referenced, as do ideas and theories that originate elsewhere (ie. those that are not your own ideas and theories).

The Vancouver style of referencing is used predominantly in the field of health sciences and is a numerical system. Each reference in the text is identified by means of a number, and these numbered references can be identified in full in a numerical list at the end of the entire work (eg. at the end of your research report, dissertation or thesis, or even your assignment or essay).  

Why Reference?

Use of references are important

• to avoid plagiarism
• so that quotations can be verified
• to enable readers to follow up on what you have written
• to understand in full the work of any authors you may have cited
• to understand the relevance of the cited work to your work

FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES STYLE GUIDE FOR THESES, DISSERTATIONS AND RESEARCH REPORTS - March 2016 version

• Faculty of Health Sciences Research Office Thesis and Dissertations Style Guide Updated Style Guide for Theses, Dissertations and Research Reports ( written by the Faculty of Health Sciences Research Office tel. 011 7172530)
• FAHS Postgraduate Information Booklet The purpose of this booklet is to introduce postgraduate students to processes in the Faculty of Health Sciences and to assist local and international students with work, study and social environments. The booklet will also be useful to supervisors and other members of staff .

TurnitIn: Avoiding Plagiarism

Use TurnItIn to check your writing for plagiarism before handing it in. This can be accessed only on Ulwazi where access has been set up on your specific courses. For help, please phone  Wits ICT 0117171717 or email  for assistance

• Turnitin webinar recording on use in Ulwazi Video recording on Microsoftstreams. You will be required to login with your Wits credentials [email protected] or [email protected]
• How to submit an assignment for Turnitin on Ulwazi step by step guide to the process of submitting to Turnitin
• How to view your similarity reports on Turnitin
• Next: Introduction >>
• Last Updated: May 13, 2024 9:02 PM
• URL: https://libguides.wits.ac.za/whsl-vancouver

Covid-19 Information for students and staff on Library services and facilities, opening hours and the safe use of the Library.

The University recommends the use of face coverings in busy or crowded areas.

RGU Vancouver Referencing: Dissertations

• Artwork - Not Reproduced
• Artwork - Reproduced
• Books with author(s)
• Books with editor(s)
• British National Formulary
• British Pharmacopoeia
• Chapters of Edited Books
• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
• Command Papers
• Committee Reports
• Commission Reports
• Company Reports or Accounts
• Computer Games
• Computer Programmes
• Conference Papers
• Confidential Material
• Discussion Lists

Dissertations

• European Directives
• European Regulations
• Exhibition Catalogues
• Foreign Language Materials
• Graphs, Images, Illustrations, Photos - Not Reproduced
• Graphs, Images, Illustrations, Photos - Reproduced
• Journal articles
• Generative AI
• NICE Guidelines
• Newspaper Articles
• Personal Communications
• Policy Documents
• PowerPoint presentations
• Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)
• Statutory Instruments
• Unpublished Works
• Videos (Online)

RGU Vancouver Referencing

Available In Print

Author. Title . [type of dissertation/thesis]. City of the awarding institution: Awarding institution; Year of approval of final version.

Endnote (arranged numerically by the citation number in the text)

(1) Rencken DW. A quantitative model for adaptive task allocation in human-computer interfaces. [unpublished DPhil thesis]. Oxford: University of Oxford; 1991.

Bibliography (arranged alphabetically by author)

Rencken DW. A quantitative model for adaptive task allocation in human-computer interfaces. [unpublished DPhil thesis]. Oxford: University of Oxford; 1991.

Direct quotation

If you have quoted directly from the item ONCE ONLY in your text you should include a page reference at the end of the endnote.

(1) Rencken DW. A quantitative model for adaptive task allocation in human-computer interfaces. [unpublished DPhil thesis]. Oxford: University of Oxford; 1991. p. 51.

If you have quoted directly from the item MORE THAN ONCE the page reference is given on each occasion with the citation in the text.

The page reference of the quotation is not included in the bibliography.

Available Online

Author. Title . [type of dissertation/thesis]. City of the awarding institution: Awarding institution; Year of approval of final version [cited date]. Available from: URL.

(1) Setterstein L. Critical thinking and participation in health behaviors. [PhD thesis on the Internet]. Madison (WI): University of Wisconsin; 1999 [cited 2008 Jul 16]. Available from: http://www.library/wisc.edu/databases/connect/ .

Setterstein L. Critical thinking and participation in health behaviors. [PhD thesis on the Internet]. Madison (WI): University of Wisconsin; 1999 [cited 2008 Jul 16]. Available from: http://www.library/wisc.edu/databases/connect/ .

(1) Setterstein L. Critical thinking and participation in health behaviors. [PhD thesis on the Internet]. Madison (WI): University of Wisconsin; 1999 [cited 2008 Jul 16]. Available from: http://www.library/wisc.edu/databases/connect/ . p. 56.

• << Previous: Discussion Lists
• Next: DVDs >>
• Last Updated: Sep 9, 2024 5:32 PM
• URL: https://library.rgu.ac.uk/RGUvancouver

• Free Tools for Students
• Vancouver Citation Generator

Free Vancouver Citation Generator

Generate citations in the Vancouver format quickly and automatically, with MyBib!

🤔 What is a Vancouver Citation Generator?

A Vancouver citation generator is an online tool that creates citations in the Vancouver citation style. It does this automatically by taking in an identifier for a document, such as a website URL, book ISBN, or journal DOI, and then locating the remaining details to format the full citation.

🤓 What is the Vancouver citation style?

The Vancouver citation style is a citation style used in the fields of biomedicine, health, and physical sciences. It is used to correctly attribute the authors of work cited within your paper.

The Vancouver style uses numbers within the article body that refer to formatted citations in the reference list at the end of the paper. The complete collection of rules for citing in Vancouver style are documented in the official handbook: Citing Medicine , by authors Karen Patrias and Dan Wendling.

👩‍🎓 Who uses a Vancouver Citation Generator?

The Vancouver style is used broadly across the physical sciences--especially health and medicine. If you are studying health or medicine, or you are writing to be published in a journal that uses the Vancouver style (such as The Lancet and Revista MÉDICA de Chile ), then you will need to cite your sources using the Vancouver style.

🙌 Why should I use a Vancouver Citation Generator?

Every academic field, not just the sciences, will recommend using a tool to record references to others' work in your writing. A citation generator like MyBib can record this data, and can also automatically create an accurate reference list from it.

A referencing tool can also keep a list of the sources you have used as you are writing your paper, so is great for organization too.

⚙️ How do I use MyBib's Vancouver Citation Generator?

MyBib's Vancouver citation generator was designed to be accurate and easy to use (also it's FREE!). Follow these steps:

• Search for the article, website, or document you want to cite using the search box at the top of the page.
• Look through the list of results found and choose the one that you referenced in your work.
• Make sure the details are all correct, and correct any that aren't. Then click Generate!

The generator will produce a formatted Vancouver citation that can be copied and pasted directly into your document, or saved to MyBib as part of your overall reference list (which can be downloaded fully later!).

MyBib supports the following for Vancouver style:

Daniel is a qualified librarian, former teacher, and citation expert. He has been contributing to MyBib since 2018.

• Plagiarism and grammar
• Citation guides

Cite a Thesis in VANCOUVER

Don't let plagiarism errors spoil your paper

Consider your source's credibility. ask these questions:, contributor/author.

• Has the author written several articles on the topic, and do they have the credentials to be an expert in their field?
• Can you contact them? Do they have social media profiles?
• Have other credible individuals referenced this source or author?
• Book: What have reviews said about it?
• What do you know about the publisher/sponsor? Are they well-respected?
• Do they take responsibility for the content? Are they selective about what they publish?
• Take a look at their other content. Do these other articles generally appear credible?
• Does the author or the organization have a bias? Does bias make sense in relation to your argument?
• Is the purpose of the content to inform, entertain, or to spread an agenda? Is there commercial intent?
• Are there ads?
• When was the source published or updated? Is there a date shown?
• Does the publication date make sense in relation to the information presented to your argument?
• Does the source even have a date?
• Was it reproduced? If so, from where?
• If it was reproduced, was it done so with permission? Copyright/disclaimer included?
• Citation Machine® Plus
• Citation Guides
• Chicago Style
• Harvard Referencing
• Terms of Use
• Global Privacy Policy
• Cookie Notice
• DO NOT SELL MY INFO