how to address phd

How to Properly Address a PhD

By: Author Dr. Patrick Capriola

Posted on Published: February 5, 2021

Honorifics play an important role in the English language. Not only do honorifics signify rank, but they help to convey courtesy and respect. In academia, honorifics are especially important, so it’s vital to address someone correctly. Many people wonder if they should address a PhD as doctor.

You should address a PhD with the honorific term “Doctor,” followed by their name in both spoken and written situations. The term strictly applies to anyone who has obtained a PhD degree, MD (Doctor of Medicine), or JD (Doctor of Law). English derives the honorific “Doctor” from the Latin word docere, which means “to teach,” and it applies to a PhD because they have reached a level where they can teach others.

Honorifics exist across all languages and cultures and are significant when using and understanding a language. Who should have the title of “Doctor” is widely debated by the academic world, revealing just how important honorifics are in modern-day English.

What Is a PhD?

A PhD is also known as a Doctor of Philosophy. A PhD is considered a terminal degree in the academic world, which means that the person has obtained the highest formal degree in a specific field ( source ). 

A Doctor of Philosophy is considered to be the traditional doctoral degree. However, over the years, many other types of doctoral degrees have been introduced. Examples of these include the EdD, a Doctor of Education, and DBA, a Doctor of Business ( source ).

Furthermore, a Doctor of Philosophy is considered an academic degree, while other types of doctorates are deemed professional degrees.

If you are considering pursuing a PhD, then you may be interested in exploring this article, “ How to Set and Follow Through on Academic Goals; Examples for Success .”

How and When to Use the Honorific “Dr.”

The honorific “Doctor” or “Dr.” should be used when addressing someone with a PhD, whether via written or verbal correspondence, and it applies to both males and females.

People working towards a PhD, also known as an ABD (All but Dissertation), should not be given the title of “Doctor.” Instead, you should refer to them as “Mr.” or “Ms.” until they have officially completed their PhD.

Undoubtedly, the candidate who has earned their doctorate has worked hard, so it is understandable why they deserve to be addressed correctly. 

The Prenominal and Postnominal

When discussing the subject of addressing someone with a PhD, it’s vital to consider the prenominal “Dr.” and the postnominal “PhD.”

Dr . Douglas Ferguson (Dr. is the pronominal)

Douglas Ferguson, PhD (PhD is the postnominal)

When someone earns the title of “Dr.,” they lose the previous honorifics they may have carried, such as “Mr.” or “Ms.”

A postnominal and pronominal are never used together at the same time.

Furthermore, when discussing these terms grammatically, the prenominal is used in the third person, while the postnominal is most often used in the first person. However, this may change depending on the context.

Written 

In academic circles, a considerable amount of correspondence is done via email and the written word. If you want to send a letter addressed to someone with a PhD, such as a cover letter, you use the prenominal “Dr.” 

When writing in a formal or professional context, you do not need to include the first name.

Dear Dr. Fergsuon, I hope this email finds you well.

In written correspondence, if you are receiving an email from someone with a PhD, they may choose to sign off with either the prenominal or the postnominal.

Regards, Dr . Douglas Ferguson

Regards, Douglas Ferguson, PhD

If you are uncertain, check your previous correspondence with them. Most people will have a footer at the end of their email, which tells you their qualifications. 

When addressing a person with a PhD verbally, you never use the postnominal.  

Good morning Dr . Ferguson

Dr . Ferguson, I have a question regarding the upcoming exams.

That was an interesting lecture today, Dr . Ferguson.

When Is It “Dr.” and When Is It “Professor?”

Whether to use the term “Dr.” or “Prof.” will depend on several factors. “Professor” is a higher rank than “Dr.”

However, the title only exists within a university context. Someone with a PhD will always hold the title of “Doctor”; however, they would still have to meet other commitments to become a Professor.

It is important to remember that not all those with the title “Professor” have a PhD, so the terms aren’t always exchangeable. 

Often the person lecturing you will indicate how they wish to be addressed. They may want you to call them “Dr.” or “Prof.” or even by their first names. However, it is not recommended to call someone by their first name unless requested to do so.

If a person has a doctorate, the general rule is to call them “Dr.,” whether they are lecturing you or not.

When it is appropriate to use the term ‘Professor’ differs from country to country. In America and Canada, anyone lecturing is generally granted the name “Professor” despite factors such as seniority and tenure.

However, in countries such as the UK and Germany, only full-time professors may be called “Professor.”

The list of academic ranks changes from country to country, but we can examine three examples to get a general idea.

United States

• Distinguished, Endowed, or University Professor
• Associate Professor
• Assistant Professor
• Master Instructor
• Senior Instructor
• Lecturer/Research Associate
• Part-time Lecturer

United Kingdom

• Distinguished Professor/Chair
• Full Professor/Reader
• Senior Lecturer/Associate Professor
• Assistant Lecturer/Clinical Lecturer 
• Associate Lecturer/Teaching Assistant/Departmental lecturer

South Africa

• Full Professor
• Senior Lecturer
• Junior Lecturer

Honorifics in English

An English honorific refers to a prefix that occurs before a person’s name ( source ). Honorifics are not considered to be positions or titles that can appear without the person’s name, for example, the Queen or the President.

In English, honorifics are also often used to distinguish between males and females. However, some honorifics, such as “Dr.” and “General,” apply to both males and females.

This is because when these honorifics were first used, only males were able to obtain said titles.

Honorifics are an essential part of the English Language and must be used when formally addressing people, whether it be verbal or written. 

Who Should Be Called “Doctor”?

In the Canadian Medical Association Journal, Dr. James P. Winter, a professor at the University of Windsor, argues that those with a PhD are the only ones who are entitled to be called “Doctor.”

In his argument, Winter poses some interesting questions concerning the evolution of the word “Doctor” and how it has changed over the last 700 years.

Winter argues that due to inappropriate use, the term “Doctor” has become overused and underappreciated.

Winters stated that in many countries, such as Canada, healthcare professionals who don’t have a medical degree, such as pharmacists, are allowed to call themselves “Doctor.”

Winters looks at the term from both a historical and linguistic point of view to support his argument. As the term “Doctor” is adopted from the Latin word docere, meaning “to teach,” those with the title should be teaching others. He argues that teaching others is not common practice outside of academia.

Furthermore, he argues that the title of “Doctor” originated in the 1300s when it was only used to describe distinguished scholars. 

Winter goes on to state that PhDs are the highest degree that anyone can obtain from a university, while many health professionals only achieve undergraduate degrees. He considers MDs to be professional degrees and not truly doctorates. 

He concludes that PhDs are the only “real” doctors as dictated by linguists and history. Many academics share Winter’s feelings, with many PhD holders feeling that they have earned the right to be called “Doctor.”

Dr. Fern Riddle, a historian and author, started a debate on Twitter in 2018 when she claimed she wanted only to be referred to only as “Doctor” rather than “Ms.” or “Miss” because she had earned her authority ( source ).

Her opinions received backlash when people called her arrogant and entitled. Yet, many female PhD holders prefer to be called “Doctor.”This is because it illustrates their achievement and status irrespective of whether they are married. 

Those in the medical field argue that the term “Doctor” is significant because it makes patients feel at ease. As such, any health professional who is helping someone should be allowed to bear the honorific ( source ). 

Who should rightfully be called “Doctor” is a topic that is continuously debated.

The reality is that the term “Doctor” has changed over the years to encompass a much wider circle of people. This includes not only professionals and academics but males and females. 

Whatever your perspective, it is clear that the title of “Doctor” is still much sought after and revered, and that is not likely to change anytime soon.

Final Thoughts

Those who have obtained a PhD have done so by working hard and dedicating years of their life to academia. As such, it is important when dealing with someone who has a PhD that you address them correctly.

The term “Doctor” and to whom it is applied is constantly changing from country to country. It remains to be seen who else will be awarded the title in the future and how those who hold the title will react to its evolution.

Universities vs. University’s: Understanding the Difference between Plural and Possessive

Sunday 21st of February 2021

[…] For an article on how to properly address a Ph.D., make sure you read our article on this subject. […]

How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

—- For more on the the use of Port-Nominal Abbreviations , see that page . —- For more on use of an Honorary Doctorate , see that page . How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

Here are the forms to use when addressing a person addressed as Dr. See the discussion below “How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name 1-2-3-4-5” for more information on who typically does use Dr. as part of their name and who does not.

—- Envelope or address block on letter or email to their office/place of work: ——– (Full Name), (Post-nominal abbreviation for doctorate held). ——– ( Name of office/place of work if  appropriate) ——– (Address)

—- Social/Personal envelope: ——– Dr. (Full Name) ——– (Address)

—- Salutation – for both official & social: ——– Dear Dr. (Surname):  How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

Robert Hickey author of “Honor & Respect”

How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name: 1-2-3-4-5

—- #1) Holders of doctorates who work in academia or research institutions are addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’ professionally and socially in a salutation or conversation. Thus, a Ph.D. professor at a college, a Ph.D. in biology doing scientific research, and a Ph.D. principal at an elementary school all use Dr. (Name) and everybody thinks it is normal.

—- NOTE: At some universities it is traditional to address faculty holding of academic doctorates as ‘Mr. (Name)’ or ‘Professor (Name)’ and not to address as ‘Dr. (Name)’. For those outside the academic community it is acceptable to follow the insider’s rule or to address holders of doctorates as ‘Dr. (Name)’ in writing or oral address.

—- #2) Protestant clergy with doctorates are addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’ in a salutation or conversation. I specify ‘Protestant’ here because not all clergy is. For example, neither priests – addressed in a salutation or conversation as Father [Name] – nor rabbis – addressed as Rabbi [Name] –  holding doctorates are ever addressed as Dr. [Name] . In a salutation or conversation they stick with Father[Name] and Rabbi [Name].

—- #3) Holders of doctorates who work outside academia or research don’t always prefer to be addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’. in a salutation or conversation. —- —- A) In the USA ‘Dr.’ may be used depending on the work environment and/or when the degree isn’t pertinent to the conversation. E.g., a Ph.D. in finance working at a bank or a Ph.D. in American history working in software development are not likely to insist on being addressed as ‘ Dr. (Name)’ . But always ask for their preference. Use of, or omitting, the honorific can be a sensitive issue to some individuals! —- —- B) And, outside the U.S.A. everyone holding a doctorate will want to be addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’ in every instance.

—- #4) In hospitals and healthcare environments historically there was a practice that only physicians (medical doctors, osteopaths, dentists, podiatrists, veterinarians, etc. ) are addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’. This was explained to be out of consideration for the patients who want to know who ‘the doctors’ are and who are nurses and allied healthcare professionals.

—- That made for some unhappy professionals who earned doctorates in hospital administration, pharmacy, physical therapy and nursing, etc. – who felt they too were properly addressed as ‘Dr. (Name)’ . It’s my understanding that today all the holders of doctorates are addressed as Dr. (Name) and hospitals (etc.) have figured out other ways to define which doctor is a physician, which is a physical therapist and which is a nurse anesthetist.

—- #5) All that said, ultimately how one is addressed by others is up to the individual and usually everyone goes along. For example, if you and I meet a woman who identifies herself as ‘Monsignor Alice’ … I think it is unlikely she’s a Roman Catholic Monsignor. And, it’s unusual she has only one name, like Pink, Rhianna, Sting, Cher, or Madonna. But we should directly address her in conversation as ‘Monsignor Alice,’ it’s nice to meet you …’ because that’s what she says her name is. How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

—- But, when she’s out of range, we will all be talking about her.

—- —- – Robert Hickey

Related Healthcare Links -V — — Chiropractor / Doctor of Chiropractic Medicine -V — — Dentist / Doctor of Dentistry -V — — Medical Doctor / Doctor of Medicine -V — — Military Physician / Armed Services -V — — Optometrist / Doctor of Optometry -V — — Osteopath / Doctor of Osteopathy -V — — Podiatrist / Doctor of Podiatry -V — — Veterinarian / Doctor of Veterinary Medicine

More Related Healthcare Links: -V — — Person holding a doctorate -V — — Pharmacist / Doctor of Pharmacy -V — — Psychologist -V — — Therapist

Related Links: —- —- —- Principal —- —- —- Headmaster —- —- —- President College University —- —- —- President of a School —- —- —- Chancellor —- —- —- Professor

When To Use Dr. (Name) and When To Use (Name), Ph.D.?

My daughter is receiving her Ph.D. and will be teaching. I would like to give her a name plate for her desk. Should it be ‘Dr. (Full Name)’ or ‘(Full Name), Ph.D. ‘? ——————- – AP

Dear AP,   How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

‘(Full Name), Ph.D.’ is the official form of her name. You will use it on the envelope, or in the address block of a letter, when you write to her with regard to her professional pursuits. This is the form the university will use when she is listed among the faculty. It is used by the degree holder, when specifying the exact degree is pertinent – like on business cards or in a list of academics.

‘Dr. (Full Name)’ is the social form of her name. You will use it when you write her name on a personal letter’s envelope, e.g., one sent to her home. This is the form everyone will use on the envelope when they send her a birthday or holiday card. It is rarely used by the degree holder since one does not correctly give oneself an honorific. The degree holder – in their signature or when introducing him or herself – just uses their name … no ‘Dr.’ It’s up to the other person to add the ‘Dr.’ E.g., I just introduce myself as ‘Robert Hickey’ – never ‘Mr. Robert Hickey.’

Sometimes you will observe a physician in a healthcare setting introducing him or herself as ‘Dr. (Name)’ – but there it is for the patient’s benefit to know they are the physician in a field of people wearing seemingly identical white coats!

‘Dr. (Surname)’ is the conversational form of her name. Use it both officially and socially in a letter’s salutation as well as in oral conversation.

So, for an office name plate use the official form of her name – (Full Name), Ph.D.

– Robert Hickey

Doctors present the official form of their name to the public:  (Full Name) (Pertinent post-nominals for the service offered).   The social form of their name does not include their degree: Dr. (Full Name).   In both official and social salutations and conversations patients use Dr. (Name).

If My Doctorate is in Music, am I ‘Dr.’?

I hold a DMA, Doctorate in Music, from a Boston university and am a Church Music Director. Please could you advise me as to whether it is acceptable for the church where I work to list me in the service bulletins as: ‘Dr. (First name) + (Last name) ‘? —————- – CJ

Dear CJ: How to Use a Doctorate with your Name It is correct to list yourself in the bulletin using the professional form of your name … (First name) + (Last name), DMA.    It specifies your academic credential in your professional domain.

Among protestant denominations many address their clergy with a doctorate orally and in a salutation as  Dr. (Surname).   If your church is one of those, and it is your preference is to be Dr. (Surnhttps://formsofaddress.info/wp-admin/post.php?post=13983&action=edit#ame), tell everyone that it is your preference to be addressed Dr. (Surname).

Usually academics and researchers who go by Dr. (Surname) professionally – use Dr. (Surname)  socially. But ultimately whether a particular Ph.D. holder is ‘Dr. (Name)’ socially … especially outside of healthcare, academia or research … is at the preference of the bearer. Some insist, some don’t care, others say they answer to anything they are called. Ultimately your name belongs to you and if you want to be Dr. (Surname), then it’s your right to request everyone address you that way.

– Robert Hickey   How to Use a Doctorate with your Name

May I Call Myself Dr. (Name)  if my Degree Is Not Related to the Service I Offer?

I have a Ph.D. and license in counseling. Recently I sent out an announcement for a yoga class I will be teaching. The state of Colorado says I should not teach yoga as   “Dr. (Name)”. How can I convince them I can? ——– – Kevin S., Ph.D., L.P.C., C.M.T., I.K.Y.T.A. ,  Counseling, Yoga Therapy, Integrative Health & Healing

Dear Dr. Kevin, How to Use a Doctorate with your Name

Your Ph.D. is in a field not related to the service you are offering.

A couple of typical practices I observe in the USA come to mind:

Professionals use with their name the degrees pertinent to their profession service. The degrees and certifications are provided for the benefit of the public so the public can quickly evaluate your credentials.

Here’s what I mean by pertinent . A pastor who would be the Reverend (Full Name)  & Pastor (Name) at church on Sundays, would not use the Reverend (Full Name) & Pastor (Name)  when teaching English Monday through Friday, at the local high school. That he or she is the Reverend  might be mentioned in a complete biography or introduction. It just isn’t part of his/her name at school.

So, I can see if you are using ‘Dr. (Name)’ when offering a class in yoga, and your doctorate is not directly to the service you are offering, say a doctorate physical therapy or kinesthetics …. it would be confusing to me … and the state officials must think it is misleading to the public.

– Robert Hickey How to Use a Doctorate with Your Name

Should I Use Dr. or Ph.D. on an Invitation?

If a person holds a Ph.D., should his or her name be ‘Dr. (name)’ a wedding invitation? Or ‘( Name), Ph.D.’ ?  Is this true for the father of the bride?  The groom?  Is the rule for names on wedding invitations and wedding envelopes different that the guidelines for social correspondence? ————– – Beverly Russell, Winchester, Virginia

Dear Ms. Russell: Wedding invitations and their envelopes are social correspondence. Post-nominal abbreviations ( Ph.D. is a post nominal abbreviation) aren’t used on social correspondence:

—- —- DON’T use Ph.D.

—- —- DO use Dr. (Name)

Another question that typically comes up is whether to use Doctor or Dr. (spelled out or abbreviated) on the invitation or on the mailing envelope?

The rule is to spell out everything and not to use abbreviations unless space is an issue.

But, Mr., Mrs., Dr., and Ms. (for which there is no spelled-out version) are typically used on invitations and when addressing invitations in even the most formal circles. I think ‘Doctor (Name)’ looks oh-so-highly precious, but I know some wedding planners who would wrestle me to the mat on that one.

When Should You Use the Forms on this Page?

You can use these forms of address for any mode of communication: addressing a letter, invitation, card or Email. (If there are differences between the official and social forms of address, I will have mentioned the different forms.)  The form noted in the salutation is the same form you say when you say their name in conversation or when you greet them. ___ What I don’t cover on this site are  many things I do cover in my book: all the rules of forms of address, about names, international titles, precedence, complimentary closes, details on invitations, place cards, all sorts of introductions , etc. I hope you’ll get a copy of the book if you’d like the further detail.

Not Finding Your Answer?

—- #1)    At right  on desktops , at the bottom of every page on tablets and phones , is a list of all the offices, officials & topics covered on the site.

—- #2)   If you don’t see the official you seek included or your question answered send me an e-mail . I am pretty fast at sending a reply: usually the next day or so  (unless I am traveling.)   Note: I don’t have mailing or Email addresses for any of the officials and I don’t keep track of offices that exist only in history books.

—- #3)   If I think your question is of interest to others, Sometimes I post the question  – but always change all the specifics.

— Robert Hickey 

Recommended Resources:    The Protocol School of Washington (PSOW)  and  Protocol and Diplomacy International – Protocol Officers Association (PDI-POA)     For more information see the Protocol Resources page.

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How to Correctly Use the Titles Dr. & PhD With a Name

How to Reference a Person With a PhD

When someone has earned a Doctor of Philosophy, or Ph.D., degree, that person is subsequently referred to as “doctor” in formal speech. The same is true of a person who is a medical doctor, psychologist, dentist or veterinarian. In formal speech, that person should be referred to as “doctor.” However, the rules are different in written form when addressing someone who is called “doctor” in formal speech. In written form, the titles “Dr.” and “Ph.D.” are not interchangeable.

Determine the Type of Doctor

First, you should identify what type of doctor you are addressing. Doctors of medicine and psychology, doctors of dentistry and doctors of veterinary medicine must be addressed differently in comparison to academic doctors who have earned a Doctor of Philosophy doctoral degree. Be advised that there are different types of doctoral degrees. A Doctor of Philosophy degree is just one kind of doctoral degree. There’s also, for example, a Doctor of Education doctoral degree and a Doctor of Psychology doctoral degree. The titles associated with the various doctoral degrees are not interchangeable. Only a person who has earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree should be addressed as Ph.D.

Addressing a Doctor in Writing

Place the title of “Dr.” before the name of a person who is a doctor of medicine or psychology, doctor of dentistry, or doctor of veterinary medicine. For example Dr. George Ross. Always write the word “doctor” in its abbreviated form when it goes before the person’s name. Never write, for example, Doctor George Ross. Do not combine the title of “Dr.” with any other title even if the person could appropriately be addressed by a different title. Never write, for example, “Dr. George Ross, Ph.D.,” even if the person is a medical doctor who has also earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree. Pick one title. Do not use the “Dr.” title when referring to someone who is solely an academic doctor.

Put a comma followed by the title “Ph.D.” after the name of a person who has earned a Doctor of Philosophy doctoral degree. For example Stacey Childs, Ph.D. Do not combine the title of “Ph.D.” with any other title even if the person could appropriately be addressed by a different title. For instance, even if the person being addressed is a doctor of medicine who has also earned a Ph.D., never write, for example, Dr. Stacey Childs, Ph.D. Pick one title. Do not use the “Ph.D.” title when referring to someone who not earned a Doctor of Philosophy doctoral degree.

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Maya Austen began freelance writing in 2009. She has written for many online publications on a wide variety of topics ranging from physical fitness to amateur astronomy. She's also an author and e-book publisher. Austen has a Bachelor of Arts in communications from the New England Institute of Art and currently lives in Boston, Mass.

How to use the PhD title and all the little doctorate “rules”… use ph.d etc the correct way.

There are many conventions in the academic world that can make it difficult to navigate the philosophiae doctor title. The PhD title is awarded to those who have completed a doctoral degree but, not many people know how to use it once they have it.

It’s best to use PhD not Ph.D in most cases!

This article will go through everything you need to know about using the PhD title and when you can start using it.

The “rules” are relatively simple and can be broken as they are not officially set in stone – other than when you can officially call yourself a doctor.

There is no one correct answer but it may be misleading if you use the PhD title incorrectly. Here are the recommendations for effective communication for a PhD graduate.

It very much depends on the setting. Here are some examples of how I would use both the titles awarded to me after my PhD degree.

How do you Write PhD correctly after a name? Is it ph d or phd and ph.d? Abbreviation explained

It can be confusing to know exactly how to write PhD after your name as a person with a doctoral degree. Which bits are capitalised for a person with a doctoral degree? Is there a ‘.’ In the middle?

When writing a name with a PhD after it, the correct way to do so is to use “PhD” or “Ph.D. or Ph D”

Depending on the preference of the individual, either form can be used.

However, if the individual has a business card that states their degree in full, then the more formal “Doctor of Philosophy” should be used.

It is important to note that using “PhD” without any periods is incorrect; this abbreviation should only be used in informal contexts such as emails or text messages. I tend to use PhD in my YouTube videos and some people have pointed out that this is incorrect…

Following the individual’s preferred format will ensure that their name and credentials are properly represented.

Should you use Dr as well as PhD?

Some people like to use Dr and PhD in their official titles. There are a couple of important points that you need to know about markers and academic titles.

• A person can have more than one marker in their name. For example my full title is Dr Andrew Stapleton, PhD, MChem.
• The doctor title at the front can be used as a variant to the PhD at the end.

It can be a little bit ambiguous if I was to use Dr Andrew Stapleton, PhD as there are two markers. This could mean that I have two PhD’s, it could mean that I have a PhD and a medical doctorate, or it could just be that I want to use both the doctor and the PhD tags for the one degree.

However, in my experience, I still like to use both the title of doctor at the front and the PhD tag at the end of my name for official purposes.

Academics would rarely use the PhD suffix in everyday communication. They would much rather just use the doctor title.

What is the proper title for a PhD with a doctorate degree?

The proper title for a PhD is Doctor of Philosophy. However, some teachers and professors like to be referred to without their official title.

If you are not sure about how your professor, lecturer, or friend with a PhD wishes to be officially addressed you can ask them.

Most of the time, I like to refer to my colleagues with their doctor title for official purposes, but I do not include the type of doctoral degree at the end of their name. That is much better suited to a business card.

Your lecture may wish to be referred to as:

• Dr [last name]
• Dr [first name]

Asking them in the early stages of your relationship is the best way to work out which one they prefer.

If in doubt, always go for the more formal name and nomenclature.

When can you start to use your PhD title after your doctorate? As a PhD student? After your phd thesis?

When you have earned your PhD, you, as a person with a doctoral degree, can start using your title immediately. Although, it can be a little bit confusing as to when you have actually passed your PhD. Is it when you have submitted your dissertation for the advanced degree? Is it when you have received the comments back?

The University of Adelaide says that you can use it from your conferral date:

Students can be conferred on one of five dates during the year and for PhD students the conferral date will be the first available following the completion of all the academic requirements of your degree, including final thesis lodgement and the disbursement of any outstanding financial obligations to the University.

I started using my PhD title as soon as my confirmation letter arrived at my house. It was the first letter from the University that referred to me as Dr Stapleton. I was incredibly excited.

Generally, it is acceptable to use the title “Dr.” both professionally and socially but socially, people very rarely use it – at least in Australia. But you should never use it if you are a PhD student, PhD candidate or enrolled in a PhD program without a previous PhD qualification. 

I do use it in professional settings but it always makes me feel a little bit awkward.

However, there may be some restrictions for certain settings . For example, if have a research degree resulting in a doctor title and you are working in a medical setting – some institutions do not like you to use Dr as it can confuse patients into thinking that you have a medical degree. 

Instead, they ask that you use the PhD tag at the end of your name rather than the doctoral title for official and professional communications.

What is the correct way to write PhD?

When writing about someone’s PhD, the correct way is to write the term in full and capitalize each letter.

This should be done for all academic degrees, not just PhDs.

For example, it would be “Doctor of Philosophy” or “PhD” instead of “Ph.D.”, “Dr.”, or “DPhil”.

Additionally, it is common to mention the field of study in which the degree was earned if known, such as “Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics”. It is also good practice to include the institution that granted the degree if it is a recognized one.

When writing about someone’s PhD, use proper capitalization and include relevant information like field of study and institution if known to ensure accuracy.

How do you put a PhD in a title?

Putting a PhD in a title is not as complicated as it may sound.

Generally speaking, the proper way to list a PhD in an academic or professional setting is by writing “Dr.” before the name, followed by the person’s full name and the appropriate abbreviations for their degree.

For example, if John Smith has earned a doctorate in psychology, his credentials would be listed as “Dr. John Smith, Ph.D.”

In some cases, such as when addressing someone formally in speech or on a business card, it may also be acceptable to list their credentials as “John Smith, Ph.D.”

Depending on context and personal preference, some people may also choose to list their higher degrees after their names by writing out the entire degree instead of just its abbreviation.

For example, John Smith could choose to write his full title as “John Smith, Doctor of Psychology”

However, I have not seen this in real academic life.

Should the font size of Ph.D. be the same as someone’s name?

The question of whether the font size of a Ph.D. should be the same as someone’s name is an interesting one.

On one hand, it could be argued that the Ph.D. deserves to be highlighted and therefore should be given a larger font size than someone’s name to denote its importance.

On the other, it could be argued that this would not be necessary or appropriate, and that treating everyone equally regardless of their title or degree is more important.

It depends on context and usage – if both names appear in the same document then they should likely have the same font size; however, if one appears in a formal setting such as a diploma or certificate, then it may make sense to give it a larger font size than someone’s name to emphasize its importance and significance.

Ph.Ds (or PhDs) are an important academic achievement and should be respected accordingly but without going overboard by giving them overly large fonts sizes which can take away from rather than add to their importance.

Wrapping up – doctoral title rules

This article has been over everything you need to know that using the PhD title properly and effectively, since the person has worked hard to earn a degree very few people have.

The doctor title can be used in place of the PhD and for incredibly formal communications, such as a business email or card, you can use both.

However, sometimes using both can cause confusion as to whether or not there is a reason first using both the doctor and PhD tags. Nonetheless, many people still use both.

Frequently Asked Questions about using PhD or Ph.d

1. what does phd stand for.

A PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy , which is a doctoral degree that represents the highest level of academic achievement in a specific field of study.

2. Is Ph.d the same as PhD?

Yes, Ph.d is the abbreviation for Doctor of Philosophy , and both terms are used interchangeably to refer to the same academic degree .

3. Can I use the title ‘Doctor’ with a PhD?

Individuals who hold a PhD have the right to use the title “Doctor” in front of their name as they are a person with a doctoral degree .

4. What is the correct way to write PhD?

The correct way to write PhD is with no spaces and with both letters capitalized, following the standard abbreviation for Doctor of Philosophy .

5. How do I abbreviate Doctor of Philosophy?

You can abbreviate Doctor of Philosophy as PhD , which is the most commonly used abbreviation for this type of doctoral degree .

6. Can I use both the title ‘Dr.’ and ‘PhD’ together?

Yes, you can use both the title ‘Dr.’ and ‘PhD’ together to denote your academic achievement as a holder of a doctorate degree .

7. What is a dissertation in relation to a PhD?

A dissertation is a scholarly document that Ph.D candidates are required to submit as part of their research degree in a specific field.

8. Who is considered a PhD candidate?

A PhD candidate is a student enrolled in a PhD program working towards the completion of their doctoral studies.

9. Is a PhD also referred to as a Doctorate?

Yes, a PhD is also commonly referred to as a Doctorate , signifying the attainment of the highest

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How Do You Address Someone With a PhD Degree?

In academia and professional settings, knowing how to properly address someone with a PhD is crucial.

Jun 26, 2024

In today's diverse academic and professional landscape, knowing how to properly address individuals with advanced degrees is an essential social and professional skill. This guide focuses on the etiquette surrounding the PhD title, offering comprehensive insights into when and how to use it appropriately.

Understanding the PhD Title

A PhD, which stands for Doctor of Philosophy, represents the pinnacle of academic achievement in many fields. Despite its name, a PhD is not limited to philosophy; it can be earned in various disciplines, from sciences and humanities to arts and engineering. This prestigious degree signifies:

• Extensive expertise in a specific field of study
• Completion of original research that contributes new knowledge to the field
• The ability to conduct independent research and analysis
• A high level of critical thinking and problem-solving skills

It's important to note that while a PhD holder is referred to as "Doctor," this doesn't necessarily mean they are a medical doctor. The title "Doctor" in this context acknowledges their advanced level of education and expertise in their field of study.

When to Use "Dr." as a Title

Using the title "Dr." for PhD holders is generally appropriate in many contexts, especially in academic and professional settings. Here's a more detailed look at when and where to use this title:

Academic Settings

• In universities or research institutions
• During academic conferences or seminars
• In scholarly publications or academic journals
• When introducing speakers at academic events

Professional Contexts

• In formal business correspondence
• During professional conferences or meetings
• In industry publications or reports
• When introducing experts in their field at events or in media

Formal Correspondence

• In official letters or emails
• On business cards or professional profiles
• In formal invitations or announcements

Public Recognition

• When acknowledging contributions or achievements
• In press releases or media interviews
• On plaques or awards

It's worth noting that some PhD holders may prefer not to use the title outside of professional or academic settings. This personal preference often stems from a desire to maintain a more casual or approachable demeanor in social situations. When in doubt, it's always best to ask for their preference. 

Addressing Someone with a PhD in Email

Email communication often requires a balance between formality and friendliness. When writing to someone with a PhD, especially for the first time or in a professional context, it's best to err on the side of formality. Here are some guidelines:

• "Dear Dr. [Last Name],"
• "Hello Dr. [Last Name],"
• If they sign as "John," you can address them as "John" in your reply
• If unsure, you can ask: "How would you prefer I address you in our correspondence?"
• In the body of the email, continue to use "Dr. [Last Name]" until invited to do otherwise
• "Best regards,"
• "Sincerely,"
• "Thank you,"

Remember, it's always better to start formal and become more casual if invited, rather than starting too casually and potentially appearing disrespectful.

Easily pronounces technical words in any field

Using the Title in Person

Face-to-face interactions require a nuanced approach to addressing someone with a PhD. Here are some scenarios and how to handle them:

First Meetings

When meetings someone with a PhD for the first time, especially in a professional or academic setting:

• "It's a pleasure to meet you, Dr. [Last Name]."
• "Thank you for joining us, Dr. [Last Name]."

Introductions

When introducing a PhD holder to others:

• "I'd like to introduce Dr. [Last Name], who specializes in [field of study]."
• "This is Dr. [First Name] [Last Name], our expert in [area of expertise]."

Ongoing Interactions

After the initial introduction, follow the PhD holder's lead:

• If they invite you to use their first name, you can do so in subsequent interactions
• If they continue to use formal titles, maintain that level of formality

Social Settings

In more casual environments, it's often acceptable to use first names, but when in doubt, ask:

• "How would you prefer I address you in this setting?"

Envelope and Formal Letter Etiquette

When addressing formal letters or envelopes to someone with a PhD, there are a few accepted formats:

• Dr. [Full Name], PhD Example: Dr. Jane Smith, PhD
• [Full Name], PhD Example: Jane Smith, PhD
• Dr. [Full Name] Example: Dr. Jane Smith

The choice between these formats often depends on the level of formality and the specific requirements of the communication. For instance, when submitting a paper to an academic journal, you might use the second format to clearly indicate the author's credentials.

Proper Salutation in Various Contexts

In universities or research institutions, formality is key:

• Written: "Dear Dr. [Last Name],"
• Verbal: "Dr. [Last Name]" or "Professor [Last Name]" if they hold a professorship

Professional Conferences

At conferences, titles are commonly used in introductions and presentations:

• "Our next speaker is Dr. [Full Name], an expert in [field]."
• "We're honored to have Dr. [Last Name] sharing insights on [topic]."

In casual situations, follow the PhD holder's lead:

• If they introduce themselves by their first name, it's usually fine to use it
• If unsure, you can politely ask, "How would you prefer to be addressed?"

Common Questions About Addressing PhD Holders

Should i use "dr." or "phd" after the name.

Generally, use "Dr." before the name rather than "PhD" after it. For example:

• Correct: Dr. Jane Smith
• Less common: Jane Smith, PhD

The exception is in formal academic writing or when listing credentials, where "Jane Smith, PhD" might be appropriate.

Can I use "Mr." or "Ms." instead of "Dr."?

It's best to use "Dr." unless the person has indicated otherwise. Using "Mr." or "Ms." for someone with a PhD can be seen as diminishing their academic achievements. If you're unsure of someone's credentials, it's better to ask or research before addressing them.

How do I address someone with multiple doctoral degrees?

If someone holds both a PhD and an MD, for instance, you can use either "Dr." or their professional title, depending on the context. In medical settings, "Dr." would typically refer to their MD, while in academic settings, it might refer to their PhD. When in doubt, you can ask which title they prefer in the current context.

What about cultural differences in using titles?

It's important to be aware that the use of academic titles can vary significantly across cultures. In some countries, academic titles are used much more frequently in everyday life, while in others, their use is more restricted to professional settings. When dealing with international colleagues or in multicultural settings, it's helpful to research or inquire about local customs.

Addressing someone with a PhD correctly is more than just a matter of etiquette; it's a show of respect for their academic achievements and expertise. While using "Dr." is generally appropriate in formal and academic settings, it's essential to be attentive to individual preferences and context. The key is to be respectful, adaptable, and willing to ask when unsure.

Remember these key points:

• Use "Dr." in formal and academic settings unless told otherwise
• In email, start formal and adjust based on the recipient's response
• In person, use the title for introductions and follow the individual's lead
• Be aware of context - what's appropriate in a university might differ in a social setting
• When in doubt, it's always acceptable to politely ask for preference

By following these guidelines, you'll be well-equipped to navigate the etiquette of addressing PhD holders in various situations, showing respect for their accomplishments while maintaining professional and social grace.

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Criteria and Etiquette for Addressing Someone With a PhD Title

• John Garger
• Categories : Postgraduate , Education
• Tags : Education postgraduate topics doctorate

Dr. Livingstone, I Presume…

The PhD is a mysterious degree for many people who have never gone through the process. The term doctor is usually associated with

someone who holds a medical degree (like scientist/missionary/explorer Dr. Livingstone) and actively practices medicine. Calling someone doctor who doesn’t have a medical degree can seem awkward or inappropriate.

The criteria for whether it is appropriate to address or introduce someone as doctor is quite clear. Unfortunately, there are times when addressing someone as doctor can seem pretentious when taken out of context. Read on for five tips concerning the etiquette of addressing and introducing someone who holds a PhD.

1 - Formal and Academic Situations

In formal or academic social situations, it is most appropriate to address someone who holds a PhD as doctor. This is true for both face-to-face and written communication. Someone with a PhD has completed extensive study and research in his or her area of expertise. In academic situations, assume that it is always appropriate to use the prefix Dr and allow the individual the opportunity to decide whether he/she prefers to be addressed in common.

2 - University Setting

Most people who hold a PhD are professors in a university setting. In some universities, all titles are dispensed with and everyone addresses everyone else with a first name only. Some universities reserve this privilege to professors who hold the same rank. It isn’t uncommon for senior faculty (associate professors, full professors) to expect junior faculty (assistant professors) to address them with a formal title attached. Your best bet in these situations is to assume a formal address until you learn the particulars and norms of the culture.

3 - Doctoral Students

It is never appropriate to address or introduce a doctoral student as doctor. Until someone has the degree, never address him/her as doctor or with PhD after the name. Some ABD doctoral students whose graduation is imminent will prematurely take on the prefix Dr and place PhD after their name. This is inappropriate and would not be tolerated in most academic circles.

4 - Written Communication

In written communication, it is usually not necessary to use the Dr prefix and also affix the letters PhD after the last name of someone who holds a PhD; use either one or the other but not both. For situations in which you want to give the PhD holder his or her due respect, use the prefix Dr. In situations where you want to be clear which type of degree the individual has, affix PhD at the end of the person’s name. However, this is for written addresses and introductions only. In speech, prefix the individual’s name with Dr but never speak the letters PhD.

5 - Breaking the Rules

Although the criteria for calling someone Dr are quite clear, it is perfectly fine to break the rules based on the individual’s preferences. Some doctors I know will correct you if you call them Mr or Ms while others aren’t concerned about projecting their academic achievements to others in public. The one rule you should always remember when addressing someone who has completed the study and research necessary to be called Dr is assume a formal address unless otherwise directed by the individual.

Image Credit: [Wikimedia Commons]( https://heritage.scotsman.com/timelines.cfm?cid=1&id=40822005 through en-wiki), in the public domain

Tips for Writing an Email to Faculty about Research

For many students, the best way to get involved in research is to email faculty/principle investigators directly to ask about research opportunities. An email is an opportunity to highlight your shared interest in their research topic and to highlight attributes that will make you a good undergraduate researcher to work with. This page will help you write a concise and targeted email to maximize your chance at a reply.

The subject

Be short, but be clear what you are writing about. Something like “Undergraduate Research Opportunities in Your Lab” or “Openings for Undergraduates to do Research in [your research topic]” should work. Do not simply use “Hi” or “Research” as a subject.

The greeting

A formal greeting is always a safe bet, so always address the recipient using a proper title. When contacting faculty or postdoctoral fellows, “Dear Dr. ______,” is appropriate. If you are contacting someone without a doctorate or M.D., use “Dear Mr. ______,” or “Dear Ms.______” If you are unsure, always err on the side of using “Dr.” Never open an e-mail with “To whom it may concern” or any similarly vague phrase.

The main text

In the first line, identify yourself with your year in school and your major or anticipated major as well as your interest in research (e.g., “I’m a sophomore political science and public policy major looking to do research on voting rights in the South.” or “I’m a first year Neuroscience major and hope to get involved in Alzheimer’s research as soon as I can.”). You also want to explain why you why you are contacting this faculty in particular. It helps to mention how you know the recipient or where you got their contact information. If you took a class with them or have spoken with someone doing research with them, say so. If you are contacting them based on their profile on the department website, it is fine to say something like “When lookin for research opportunities in [subject area], I found information about your research on the department’s website.”

Next, explain your specific interest in this faculty’s research . Your goal here is to establish a shared passion for the particular area in which this faculty member conducts research — the more specific, the better. Are there aspects of their research that fascinate you? Do you want to be able to contribute to the understanding of some specific problem or issue? Is there something about your past classwork or research experience that sparked your interest? If there are broader motivations that drive you, include a sentence in your email explaining them. In addition, it can be helpful to pick a recent paper or book they’ve published and read or skim it. You don’t have to sound like an expert, but it helps to mention a recent finding that interests you and possibly ask a good question about their research (e.g., “Is the protein you study also regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner?”). Be sure to describe any relevant experience or completed courses that would make you well suited to do research with the faculty, but keep in mind your shared interest/passion may be just as important as your background.

One word of caution: you don’t want to make it seem that their lab or their research project is only a stepping stone to the next step in your career (graduate school or medical school) — this might turn off many who are devoted to research and want to recruit students with a shared passion.

Grades and your CV/resume

While grades are certainly not the only factor faculty will consider, you may wish to include your GPA if you feel that it merits mentioning. However, refrain from making it the focal point of a sentence; instead, you can bring it up in the context of wanting some experience outside of class (e.g., “I am enjoying my classes so far and doing well (my GPA is 3.7), but I feel that I will learn a lot more by exploring my interests beyond the classroom”). Similarly, if you have a CV/resume that includes relevant research experience, you may want to include it (e.g., “I’ve attached my resume in case it might be helpful for you to know a bit more about me.”). If your academic qualifications are not as great as you’d hoped (for example, your GPA is on the lower end), you can put off attaching the CV for now and just state that you would be happy to send a CV or any other material if needed.

Concluding sentences and closing

Now you are ready to wrap up with a brief concluding statement. Thank the recipient for their time and ask for an opportunity to meet with them to discuss their research projects and to how to get involved in the type of research they do. A warm but simple closing (“Sincerely,” or “Best regards,”) is fine. It may help to include your email or phone number under your name if you have invited the recipient to contact you.

General considerations and next steps

First, remember to keep the email reasonably short. Two small paragraphs should cover everything you need say. Also, remember to proofread carefully. Spelling and grammar errors will reflect negatively and your attention to detail. Don’t use slang or abbreviations common in texting. Think of the email as something you would turn in for a grade. That said, be yourself! While it is best to be formal, the email does not have to be bland; let some of your personality show through. Lastly, if you don’t receive a reply after about two weeks, it’s okay to follow up by forwarding your original email back to the recipient and politely add “Dear Dr. ______, I’m writing to follow up on my earlier email about research opportunities in [your area of research]. I remain interested in speaking with you about your research if you are able. Thank you in advance for your time and consideration.” Faculty are very busy and your persistence may be appreciated, so it’s even okay to send another follow up email after another few weeks if you don’t hear back. After that, it may be time to move on to other opportunities.

Sample email

Dear Dr. ______,

I am a sophomore Computer Science major, and I am especially interested in your research on artificial intelligence.

With artificial intelligence constantly evolving, I am interested in exploring its true capabilities and how machine learning can improve language processing. While looking for research opportunities to explore my passions within artificial intelligence, I came across your Natural Language Processing Group at UNC. Connecting the capabilities of artificial intelligence and exploring its ability to communicate with human language is very captivating. I am enjoying my classes so far and doing well (My GPA is 4.0), but I am eager to supplement my classroom learning with a research opportunity. I feel that I would be able learn more about artificial intelligence by becoming a part of your research group or a similar project on campus. I’ve attached my resume in case it’s helpful for you to know a bit more about me and my research background.

I would appreciate an opportunity to briefly meet with you or someone in your research group to discuss your research and how I might be able to support your work at some point in the next three years. If you are able to meet with me, please let me know some times you are available to talk. Thank you in advance for your time and consideration, and I look forward to hearing from you.

[include a signature with your Name, Major, Class of 202_]

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How to Address Doctors

Last Updated: February 21, 2023 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Tami Claytor and by wikiHow staff writer, Janice Tieperman . Tami Claytor is an Etiquette Coach, Image Consultant, and the Owner of Always Appropriate Image and Etiquette Consulting in New York, New York. With over 20 years of experience, Tami specializes in teaching etiquette classes to individuals, students, companies, and community organizations. Tami has spent decades studying cultures through her extensive travels across five continents and has created cultural diversity workshops to promote social justice and cross-cultural awareness. She holds a BA in Economics with a concentration in International Relations from Clark University. Tami studied at the Ophelia DeVore School of Charm and the Fashion Institute of Technology, where she earned her Image Consultant Certification. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 92,890 times.

When you’re preparing an invitation, or navigating your way through a conversation, it can be difficult to know how to address a doctor properly. Thankfully, the rules of doctoral etiquette are really easy to suss out. With a little practice and repetition, you’ll be able to put your best foot forward in various social situations!

Writing Addresses or Invitations

• For instance, if you were filling out a check, you’d make it out to Clara Johnson, M.D.

• For example, if you’re filling out a wedding invitation, you can address it to: Dr. Dennis Matthews 200 Main Street Springfield, New Hampshire, 00000

• For instance, you may address a letter like this: CAPT Sarah H. Lewis, USNMC George Washington Military Clinic 200 Washington Street Alexandria, VA, 00000
• If you’re starting out the letter, you can address it as: “Dear Captain Lewis.”

• For example, you can address a party invitation like this: Dr. David Meyers 15 Mississippi Avenue San Francisco, CA, 00000.

• For instance, you may address a letter like this: Karen Michaelson, PhD 1300 California Boulevard Miami, FL, 00000.
• As a letter header, write something like: “Dear Karen Michaelson, PhD,.”

Tip: For something more casual, like an email, look at the doctor’s email signature to see what their preferred title is. [5] X Research source

• For example, you can address the letter like this: Dr. and Mrs. Matthew Richards 700 Sycamore Street Los Angeles, CA, 00000.
• If the wife has a doctorate and the husband does not, address the envelope like this: “Dr. Elizabeth and Mr. Ken Derwin.”

Speaking Conversationally

• For instance, you can say something like: “Good evening Dr. Morgan! How is your night going?”

• For instance, you may say something like: “Good morning Dr. Williams! Would I be able to talk with you about something?”

• For example, you can say “Hello Lieutenant Clark!” instead of saying “Hello Dr. Clark!”

Community Q&A

• Different people may have different preferences for letterheads. Follow a person’s specific request, if necessary. [9] X Research source Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0
• If you aren’t sure how to write something out, consider asking the doctor in question! It’s better to double-check than to address someone incorrectly by accident. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• You should still refer to someone as Dr., even if they’re no longer practicing or don’t have a license. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

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Expert Interview

Thanks for reading our article! If you'd like to learn more about being polite, check out our in-depth interview with Tami Claytor .

• ↑ https://www.minotstateu.edu/careers/pages/cover-letter-salutation.shtml
• ↑ https://bizfluent.com/how-7906953-address-letter-doctor-education.html
• ↑ https://www.dailywritingtips.com/how-to-address-your-elders-your-doctor-young-children-and-your-ceo/
• ↑ https://dcp.psc.gov/ccbulletin/articles/Protocol_04_2009.aspx
• ↑ https://bizfluent.com/info-7749962-proper-way-address-lawyer.html

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How to Address a PhD in Email

Last Updated: May 16, 2022 References

This article was co-authored by Shannon O'Brien, MA, EdM and by wikiHow staff writer, Eric McClure . Shannon O'Brien is the Founder and Principal Advisor of Whole U. (a career and life strategy consultancy based in Boston, MA). Through advising, workshops and e-learning Whole U. empowers people to pursue their life's work and live a balanced, purposeful life. Shannon has been ranked as the #1 Career Coach and #1 Life Coach in Boston, MA by Yelp reviewers. She has been featured on Boston.com, Boldfacers, and the UR Business Network. She received a Master's of Technology, Innovation, & Education from Harvard University. There are 9 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been viewed 19,376 times.

Writing an email to a college professor with a Ph.D.? Do you call someone with a Ph.D. a doctor? Figuring out the right way to address someone with a doctorate is a lot easier than it may seem, and we’re going to break this down so that you can get it right. In this article, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know about how to address someone with a Ph.D.

Do you address someone with a Ph.D. as a doctor?

How to Address an Email to Multiple Professors

• “Dear Professor Jones, Professor Smith, and Professor Ali.”
• “Dr. Jones, Dr. Smith, and Professor Ali,”
• “Dr. Jones and Professor Smith,”

What is the proper way to write a name with Ph.D.?

• You may have seen Ph.D. holders put “Ph.D.” at the end of their name. This is something authors do, but you shouldn’t need to write it this way.

Do you call a professor a doctor?

• You’re very unlikely to get into any trouble by referring to your college teacher as “professor,” even if they are a doctor. At worst, they’ll kindly correct you.
• In the United States, it is generally seen by most educators as socially acceptable to address a doctor who is also a professor as “professor.” It’s not technically correct, but you’re unlikely to offend any of your educators. As such, you can usually call a doctor a professor or Dr. in email. [5] X Research source

How do you address Ph.D. students?

• A Ph.D. student is not a doctor yet, but they may still be a professor.
• “Professor” traditionally refers to tenure-track educators at the collegiate level, but there’s no harm or risk of offense by calling an adjunct instructor, lecturer, or TA, “professor.” [7] X Research source
• “Miss” has historically been used to address unmarried women, while “Mrs.” has referred to married women. These titles are going out of style since many people find them offensive, so you’re best off skipping these. [8] X Research source

Do the rules for addressing Ph.D. holders ever change?

• For example, in Canada, you are not “officially” allowed to refer to non-medical doctors as “Dr.” You would address them as “Mr. Jones, Doctor of Mathematics.”
• This also applies to the “Jimmy Jones, Ph.D.” form, too. In the United Kingdom, for example, you don’t use any periods. Someone in the UK would write, “Jimmy Jones, PhD” without the punctuation.

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://www.universityaffairs.ca/career-advice/career-advice-article/what-should-i-call-my-professor/
• ↑ https://www.purdue.edu/advisors/students/email.php
• ↑ https://www.formsofaddress.info/post-nominal-abbreviations/
• ↑ https://writingcenter.gmu.edu/guides/sending-email-to-faculty-and-administrators
• ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-40530920
• ↑ https://healthenews.mcgill.ca/use-of-dr-doctor-in-quebec-and-updating-your-honorific-in-mcgills-systems/
• ↑ https://www.cmaj.ca/content/re-who-entitled-be-called-doctor
• ↑ https://www.qcc.cuny.edu/socialsciences/ppecorino/roark-textbook/Chapter-1.htm
• ↑ https://moviecultists.com/do-you-call-someone-with-a-jd-doctor

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What Should I Call My Professor?

Academia has its own customs and traditions that can be confusing for students. Even simple things like emailing your professor can seem like a minefield. Should you refer to them as “Professor”, “Doctor” or something else? These tips should help you avoid any gaffes.

The general rule is if someone’s title includes the word professor, then you can (and should) address them as “Professor Last Name.” In Canada and the US, this includes assistant, associate, clinical, and research professors, as well as full professors. In the UK, this applies only to full professors, not lecturers or senior lecturers.

Anyone who has earned a doctoral degree can be addressed as “Dr. Last Name”. The most common doctoral degree is a PhD, but you might also encounter instructors with other doctoral degrees such as a Doctor of Theology (DTh), Doctor of Public Health (DrPH), or Doctor of Engineering (DEng).

When in doubt, “Dr. Last Name” is the safest way to address an academic you don’t know anything about. It is generally the standard form of address for instructors who do not hold the rank of professor such as lecturers, readers, senior lecturers, and research associates.

While the titles of “Dr.” and “Professor” often overlap, they are not always interchangeable. Not all professors have PhDs. In fine arts, social work, and law, many professors will have an MFA, MSW, or JD (respectively) rather than a doctoral degree. And although some professors might also be doctors, “Professor” is a higher rank and thus tends to be preferred.

Mr. and Mrs.

When you were a kid, you might have been taught that the polite way to address an authority figure was as “Mr.” or “Mrs.” This is generally not true in academia. Calling a professor or someone with a doctorate “Mr.” or “Mrs.” can be disrespectful as it does not acknowledge the years of work they have done to earn the title of “Dr.” or “Professor”. This is especially true for women as “Mrs.” reduces a woman to her marital status and ignores her academic accomplishments.

However, you are addressing an instructor who is not a professor and does not have a PhD (such as a TA or lab instructor) you can call them “Mr.” or “Ms”. Unless your instructor you instructor specifically expresses a preference for “Mrs.” or “Miss”, “Ms” is now the standard English title for an adult woman—married or not.

First Names

Some professors prefer that their students call them by their first names while others find it rude and presumptuous. For this reason, it’s best to avoid calling your instructors by their first name unless they explicitly tell you that you can. This includes graduate student instructors as well.

Your instructors will often make this all very easy for you by indicating how they want to be addressed when they introduce themselves at the start of the class. If you still have doubts about what to call an instructor, err on the side of being overly respectful.

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How to address other academics by email?

Provides suggestions on the best way to address academics by email

Anne-Wil Harzing - Thu 18 May 2017 07:40 (updated Tue 13 Feb 2024 17:20)

You have done your hard work of networking at conferences, and now you want to write to some of the people you met. Or you have read someone’s work and want to alert them to some of your work, without of course resorting to mass email .

How do you address fellow academics

But how do you address them? It is quite important to get it right as the wrong form of address can be very off-putting to some people.

• As in “real life”, the first rule of thumb is that it is better to start out too formal than to start out too informal. Few people will take offense at a formal way of address, unless of course you had become best friends at the conference. In that case they might well wonder what went wrong.
• The second rule of thumb is that the less face-to-face contact you have had with the person before, the more formal your manner of address should be. So for someone you have met at a conference, you might use a less formal way of address than for someone you have never met before.
• The third rule of thumb is that more junior you are and the more senior the person you are writing to, the more likely it is that a “formal” form of address, such as “Dear Professor [Family Name]” or “Dear Dr. [Family Name]” would be appropriate. If you are a PhD student and the person you are writing to is a Professor in their fifties, “Hi Peter” or “Hi Anne” would probably sound a little strange even for someone who normally doesn’t insist on formalities.
• The fourth rule of thumb is to adjust to their expectations . Different cultures expect different levels of formality or simply different ways of address. It is hard to give hard and fast rules on this, but the piece I did on how to address your teacher might give you some clues. The problem is that most academics address people in the way they address their compatriots. I receive many emails from Indian students addressing me as Ma’m, or from Dutch students addressing me as Mrs. Harzing (my least favourite way of address!).
• A fifth rule of thumb is specific to academia: use the official title more often than you would in other situations. In many countries Professor and Dr. are not seen as a signal of hierarchy, they simply acknowledge someone’s seniority and expertise. That’s why, although to Western ears it might sound a little odd, the solution that many Asian students use when the lecturer wants them to use their given name – Professor [given name] or Dr. [given name] – is perfectly appropriate.
• A sixth rule of thumb is to pay equal respect where equal respect is due , a Professor is a Professor regardless of their age or gender. I am sure I am not the only woman to have been introduced without title and with her given and last name or even with her given name only, whereas my male colleagues were invariably introduced as Professor [Last Name]. Interestingly, someone has even done research on the effects of this tendency ( Why Curie's no Einstein ).

What if you are more senior yourself?

In many ways it can be more difficult to decide how to address someone if you are a bit more senior yourself. Using a very formal way of address might lead the recipient to mistake you for a student, especially in Anglo and Nordic countries, where the use of first names is common. On the other hand, if you are addressing a senior academic you want to signal that you are respecting their position and knowledge.

For me the fourth rule of thumb is paramount. I will rarely write to Asian academics using only their first name until I know them very well. For Brits and Nordics, the person would need to be quite senior for me to use a formal way of address. If unsure, I use a compromise with a dual form of address, e.g. “Dear Professor Smith, dear Peter,”. Another compromise that I have seen other people use is “Dear [given name] [last name].”

Ensure you get someone’s name right!

Whatever you do though, make sure you spell the name correctly. Spelling errors in an email are annoying, but spelling errors in someone’s name are really unforgivable . So check and double-check before you send your email. My given name for instance is Anne-Wil, not Annewil, Ann-Wil, Anne-Will, Ann-Will, Annwil, Annwill, or Anvil [yes, I do really get them all!]. I’ll forgive you Anne, but Ann is really stretching it! Oh… and one final thing. If you don’t know what part of someone’s name is their given name and what part is their family name, look it up! Otherwise, you might end up being very disrespectful quite by accident.

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• Please don't respond to the entire mailing list
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• How to address your lecturer?
• Would you ask a male academic the same question?
• Please be polite and considerate

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Address book, cup of tea and stationery at the ready, you start addressing invitations for your husband’s fortieth birthday party. All of a sudden you realize you are in a potential etiquette minefield. Jane and John are married, but she does not want to be addressed as “and Mrs. John Kelly;” Sam and Sue are not married, but live together; and Tanya is separated but not yet divorced. What are the correct forms of address for each of these invitations? Simply refer to our handy list and take the mystery out of addressing your social correspondence correctly.

Mx. Is the universal title that can be used by anyone. It is gender non-identifying. Even if you identify specifically with a gender you may still use Mx. and you may see Mx. used when the sender is unaware of your title.

Addressing a Man

Mr. is the title designated for an adult man age 16 or older. Short for Mister or Monsieur in french.

The abbreviated plural for Messieurs is Messrs. While some are under the assumption that Messrs. is used for brothers, it is actually used to indicated multiple gentleman (or also multiple companies ie Messrs. Sotheby) Messers. could also be used to indicate two married men. We suggest that you ask male couples if they prefer to be Mr. and Mr. Smith or the Messrs. Smith.

Addressing a Woman

Maiden name.

Ms. Jane Johnson

Miss Jane Johnson*

*Usually ‘Miss’ is for girls under 18

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Mrs. John Kelly Mrs. Jane Kelly* *Nowadays this is acceptable Ms. Jane Kelly

Separated, not divorced

Mrs. John Kelly Mrs. Jane Kelly Ms. Jane Kelly

Mrs. Jane Kelly Ms. Jane Kelly Ms. Jane Johnson (maiden name)

Mrs. John Kelly* *If you don’t know the widow’s preference, this is the traditional and preferred form Mrs. Jane Kelly Ms. Jane Kelly

Addressing a Couple

Married, she uses her husband’s name socially.

Mr. and Mrs. John Kelly

NOTE: Traditionally, a woman’s name preceded a man’s on an envelope address, and his first and surname were not separated (Jane and John Kelly). Nowadays, the order of the names—whether his name or hers comes first—does not matter and either way is acceptable. The exception is when one member of the couple ‘outranks’ the other—the one with the higher rank is always listed first.

Married, she prefers Ms.

Mr. John Kelly and Ms. Jane Kelly Ms. Jane Kelly and Mr. John Kelly *Do not link Ms. to the husband’s name: Mr. and Ms. John Kelly is incorrect

Married, informal address

Jane and John Kelly John and Jane Kelly

Married, she uses maiden name

Mr. John Kelly and Ms. Jane Johnson Ms. Jane Johnson and Mr. John Kelly

If you can’t fit the names on one line: Mr. John Kelly and Ms. Jane Johnson *Note the indent, either name may be used first

Unmarried, living together

Mr. John Kelly & Ms. Jane Johnson Note: Use one line

A woman who outranks her husband: elected office, military rank

The Honorable Jane Kelly and Mr. John Kelly

If you can’t fit both names on one line (note indent): The Honorable Jane Kelly and Mr. John Kelly

A woman who outranks her husband: professional or educational degree

Dr. Jane Kelly and Mr. John Kelly

Both are doctors (PhD or medical) and use the same last name

The Doctors Kelly (omit first names) Drs. Jane and John Kelly / Drs. John and Jane Kelly Dr. John Kelly and Dr. Jane Kelly / Dr. Jane Kelly and Dr. John Kelly

Both are doctors (PhD or medical), she uses her maiden name

Dr. Jane Johnson and Dr. John Kelly Dr. John Kelly and Dr. Jane Johnson

Ms. is the default form of address, unless you know positively that a woman wishes to be addressed as Mrs.

Professional designations—use only for business

Jane Kelly, CPA

Note: Do not use Ms. or Mr. if using a professional designation. Socially, drop the professional designation and use Mr., Ms., or Mrs.: Ms. Jane Kelly

Esquire: Attorneys and some court officials

Jane Kelly, Esquire

Note: If using Esquire, do not use Ms. or Mr. In conversation or socially, ‘Esquire’ is not used; use Mr. or Ms.: Ms. Jane Kelly

Attorney at Law

Ms. Jane Kelly Attorney at Law

Note: This is an alternative to ‘Esquire’ for attorneys. Use Mr. or Ms. and use two lines with no indent.

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What Do You Call A PhD Student?: Are They A Doctor?

When I started my PhD program, I did not know how to refer to other PhD students when addressing them at other universities. Also, it seems rather strange if you are a college student to address PhD students if they are your Teaching Assistant (TA) as professor. It just did not seem right. Over the years, I have learnt how to refer to PhD students under different roles. If you like this post, you might like our post on why life hacking and the importance of (not) life hacking.

If you are referring to PhD students, it is ok to address PhD students as Mr., Ms., or Mx. However, if they are your instructor, you might want to address them as professor as a way to show respect. If they are your Teaching Assistant, you can address them as Mr., Ms., or Mx., and, Sir or Madame. If they are more informal, you can use their first name, but ask their permission first. 

I am sure that you are much like me – not knowing what to do, but not wanting to mess up. We have all been there. Academia is often strange for those of us who did not grow up in an academic family, so don’t feel bad about knowing any of these issues. I did not grow up in an academic family, and I bumbled my way through.

Do not ask a PhD student these questions. Read this post to learn more.

By the way, I need to point out that if you make a mistake with anything, don’t worry about it. Mistakes with names and professional designations are common. I used to worry about this stuff a lot (I still do), but just cut yourself some slack. Mistakes happen, and its OK. It’s called being human. If and when I make mistakes with these kind of things, I just send a nice polite email apologizing for the mistake, or I make fun of myself, or both. 🙂

Oh, I just point out that I got my doctorate in Strategic Management back in 2011, and now an Associate Professor at a pretty well known school in the South Eastern States. If you like this post, you really should read this post on what are the differences between undergraduate and graduate education (there are some pretty big differences) .

Why do you want to address PhD students in a formal way?

Basically, you want to show respect to those that are just ahead of you in the academic system. They are not only a few years ahead of you, but it took a lot of work to get to where they are. They also had to pass several rights of passages, such as actually getting into the PhD Program, which is often difficult to do.

Many PhD students have professional degrees, particularly in Business Schools where I am, like engineering, economist, MDs, accountants, or an attorney. Indeed, it is extremely common to find PhD students with these professional degrees that would otherwise command respect in industry. Just as a way to be nice and show respect to others, you might want to error on be more formal first. Over time, as you get to know the PhD student, you can address them more informally by their first name, if that is OK with them.

Check out this blog post on must have software tools and apps that students and academics need. You might find it useful.

What is the typical age to get a PhD? Can you get one when you are younger (or older)? Read our blog post on when is it normal to get a doctorate.

Watch this video if you are confused about what is the difference between a PhD student and a PhD candidate:

Do you address PhD students as Dr (Doctor)? 

Generally, no. PhD students have not earned the terminal degree yet, so they are not technically suppose to be called Doctor. It’s kind of like putting on the marathon medal before you won the race. I even feel weird about wearing the race shirt during the race – you are just not quite finished yet. I would avoid doing that until they earned the degree. ( You might like this post on what is the PhD journey, and why it matters) .

Can a PhD candidate be called Doctor?

Again, no. I would just say

Sir or Madame.

Or, whatever they want to be called, but you should ask – it’s OK to ask.

To distinguish PhD candidates from PhD students, you can just say that they are ABD (all but dissertation). Many people will even put ABD on their academic resume (Vitae).

Have you had a bad PhD experience? Read this blog post for help!

What if you called a PhD student as Doctor or Professor by mistake?

Don’t worry about it. It’s kind of flattering for the PhD student. They will love the fact that you called them Professor or Doctor. I still remember when people started calling me that. 

Are you interested in doing a PhD? Find out about the average PhD Program acceptance rate.

It took me years to get used to the title of Professor or Doctor, and it still seems really weird to say that. To me, I am still the same boy that played in the sandbox when I was 5 years old. The only difference is that other people see me differently. At the end of the day, the only reason I use the term Dr. or Professor is to command a bit more respect, because people often mistake me for being really young. (This happened this year – I am 40 years old. It’s kinda like getting ‘carded’ when you buy a drink).

How do you refer to a PhD student in an email?

Like the question before, I would just say Mr., Ms., or Mx. So and So. I would definitely be polite and nice if you don’t know them. If they are your instructor, you might say “Dear Sir” or “Dear Madame” in the email. 

I would not write “Hey, Mr. X,” that just comes across way too informal. Instead, just write “Dear Sir/Madame.”

Here is a helpful video about emailing a Professor (or PhD Student) that you might want to see:

Here is another video that I did about PhD abbreviations:

In general though, I would just think about giving other people respect in these circumstances. Starting out formally is better than starting out informally. You can always come back to being more informal once you get to know someone a bit more. Just be nice, and good things will come.

Did you benefit from this post? Do you know of anyone at all that could use feedback on their writing or editing of their documents? I would be so grateful if you read this post on how to get feedback on your writing using R3ciprocity.com or let others know about the R3ciprocity Project. THANK YOU in advance! You are the bees knees.

The R3ciprocity Project started out as a side-project, where David Maslach created an App to help others get feedback on their work (r3ciprocity.com – it is seriously inexpensive and easy to use. You have to try it!) , but it is beginning to grow into a real movement. Check out the YouTube channel , or some of these posts if you want to understand more. You might want to read this helpful blog posts:

Thinking Of Grad School? Helpful Answers To “Do Professors…” Questions.

A Day in the Life of a Successful PhD Student (You Need To Know)

How Do You Get Feedback On Your Writing (During A PhD / In Grad School)?

Five Frustrating PhD Questions To (Never) Ask A PhD.

David Maslach

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How to address a college professor with a PhD (Dr. or Prof.)

Post by mac_guy » Thu Aug 11, 2016 1:50 pm

Re: How to address a college professor with PhD. (Dr. or Prof.)

Post by InvestorNewb » Thu Aug 11, 2016 1:52 pm

Re: How to address a college professor with a PhD (Dr. or Prof.)

Post by ABQ4804 » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:01 pm

Post by climber2020 » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:02 pm

Post by Spewin » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:04 pm

Post by livesoft » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:05 pm

mac_guy wrote: Say the person teaching the course is an Adjunct Professor/Lecturer/Instructor and they DO NOT have a PhD. How to address? Mr./Ms. or Prof.? Mr. / Ms. Say the person teaching the course is an Adjunct Professor/Lecturer/Instructor and they DO have a PhD. How to address? Dr. or Prof.? Dr. Say the person teaching the course is a tenure track Assistant Professor and they DO NOT have a PhD. How to address? Mr./Ms. or Prof.? Mr. / Ms. Tenure track but no PhD already, that's tough to believe. Say the person teaching the course is a tenure track Assistant Professor and they DO have a PhD. How to address? Dr. or Prof.? Dr. is fine, but Prof. is OK as well. Say the person teaching the course is an Associate or Full Professor and they DO NOT have a PhD. How to address? Mr./Ms. or Prof.? Mr. is fine since they do not have a PhD, but Associate or Full Professor without a PhD, I would be surprised, but you could call them Prof. if you like. Say the person teaching the course is an Associate or Full Professor and they DO have a PhD. How to address? Dr. or Prof.? Either is fine; they should not even care. If you know they are a Prof, then Prof is good.

Post by Geologist » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:06 pm

Post by Raymond » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:07 pm

climber2020 wrote: If they have a PhD, call them Dr. At least in the beginning until they tell you otherwise. If no PhD, Ms or Mr.

Post by Da5id » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:08 pm

alisa4804 wrote: Just completed grad school, and I addressed the professors as Dr. LastName, until they responded with "just call me Margaret." It's a sign of respect for their education and role as teacher, plus some professors are put off by students assuming a first name relationship without asking. Or, if you email them as Dr. LastName, and they respond with a signature "Joe," then you could assume first names are probably fine with that professor. Just my two cents worth!

Post by mouses » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:09 pm

Post by Da5id » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:09 pm

Raymond wrote: Agreed. However, if they have an MD/PhD, you must call them "Doctor Doctor Smith"

Post by dm200 » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:10 pm

Post by obafgkm » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:13 pm

Post by reriodan » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:26 pm

mouses wrote: Where i went to college, only medical doctors were addressed as doctor. All other faculty members above instructor were professor.

Post by marathonwmn » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:28 pm

Post by stoptothink » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:29 pm

reriodan wrote: mouses wrote: Where i went to college, only medical doctors were addressed as doctor. All other faculty members above instructor were professor.

Post by Da5id » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:30 pm

marathonwmn wrote: I agree with those who've posted that a person with a PhD should be addressed as Doctor until they ask you to do otherwise. It's a sign of respect.

Post by Teague » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:40 pm

reriodan wrote: That is kind of strange. The title of Doctor traditionally makes more sense for PhDs than physicians: http://www.design.caltech.edu/erik/Misc ... ctors.html .

Post by dk240t » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:41 pm

Post by mac_guy » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:41 pm

reriodan wrote: Not sure what the confusion is; if someone has a PhD address them as Doctor, as that is what the title is. If you know for a fact they don't have a PhD, just address them as Mr./Ms. or Professor. If you are unsure, just call them Doctor, it's not like they will get offended if they don't have a doctorate degree.

Post by Geologist » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:46 pm

mac_guy wrote: reriodan wrote: Not sure what the confusion is; if someone has a PhD address them as Doctor, as that is what the title is. If you know for a fact they don't have a PhD, just address them as Mr./Ms. or Professor. If you are unsure, just call them Doctor, it's not like they will get offended if they don't have a doctorate degree.

Post by sciliz » Thu Aug 11, 2016 2:59 pm

Post by jodydavis » Thu Aug 11, 2016 3:09 pm

Post by Perkunas » Thu Aug 11, 2016 3:12 pm

Post by Wolkenspiel » Thu Aug 11, 2016 3:26 pm

Post by 6miths » Thu Aug 11, 2016 3:32 pm

Teague wrote: I'd love to see the reaction that gets from the last surgeon that worked on me - H.R.H. Lord High Surgeon of the Gods, descended from Hippocrates himself, Dr. Wonderful.

Post by ruralavalon » Thu Aug 11, 2016 3:55 pm

Post by reriodan » Thu Aug 11, 2016 4:05 pm

Perkunas wrote: Just ask the dang professor if you're not sure

Post by Teague » Thu Aug 11, 2016 4:09 pm

6miths wrote: Teague wrote: I'd love to see the reaction that gets from the last surgeon that worked on me - H.R.H. Lord High Surgeon of the Gods, descended from Hippocrates himself, Dr. Wonderful.

Post by John151 » Thu Aug 11, 2016 4:17 pm

Post by Jags4186 » Thu Aug 11, 2016 4:33 pm

Post by whodidntante » Thu Aug 11, 2016 4:34 pm

Post by student » Thu Aug 11, 2016 4:34 pm

Post by student » Thu Aug 11, 2016 4:35 pm

whodidntante wrote: The poor.

How to address a college professor

Post by daveatca » Thu Aug 11, 2016 5:15 pm

Post by Toons » Thu Aug 11, 2016 5:32 pm

InvestorNewb wrote: I never once addressed any of my professors other than by their first name.

Post by le_sacre » Thu Aug 11, 2016 5:34 pm

Post by crit » Thu Aug 11, 2016 5:55 pm

Post by MathWizard » Thu Aug 11, 2016 5:56 pm

Post by DoTheMath » Thu Aug 11, 2016 6:00 pm

Spewin wrote: Any person, teaching any class, at a college or university can be addressed as "Professor" or any abbreviation, without causing offense. If you know they have a doctorate, "Dr." is also ok. The only time you might risk offense is saying "Mr./Mrs." to someone without a doctorate.

Post by soboggled » Thu Aug 11, 2016 6:04 pm

Post by Epsilon Delta » Thu Aug 11, 2016 6:08 pm

Spewin wrote: Any person, teaching any class, at a college or university can be addressed as "Professor" or any abbreviation, without causing offense.

Post by Lars_2013 » Thu Aug 11, 2016 6:24 pm

Post by leonard » Thu Aug 11, 2016 6:29 pm

Lars_2013 wrote: it's unfortunate that the college was not hiring more full-time, tenure-track faculty with PhDs who could be more consistently involved in their educations over the four years of their college experience, rather than a rotating set of adjuncts.

Post by Lars_2013 » Thu Aug 11, 2016 6:35 pm

leonard wrote: Lars_2013 wrote: it's unfortunate that the college was not hiring more full-time, tenure-track faculty with PhDs who could be more consistently involved in their educations over the four years of their college experience, rather than a rotating set of adjuncts.

Post by cheesepep » Thu Aug 11, 2016 6:54 pm

Post by finite_difference » Thu Aug 11, 2016 6:58 pm

Re: How to address a college professor

Post by student » Thu Aug 11, 2016 7:27 pm

daveatca wrote: You are the customer, they are the vendor.

Post by obgraham » Thu Aug 11, 2016 7:34 pm

Post by student » Thu Aug 11, 2016 7:37 pm

Lars_2013 wrote: In the states, what I've seen is: PhD = Dr. unless you have been invited to use first name Other = Prof. or Professor, unless you've been invited to use something else When I was a grad student adjuncting at a different college, the adjunct association encouraged us all to give a brief explanation at the beginning of class that we are not regular faculty at that university, that many of us teach at multiple colleges to make ends meet, that we do not have a PhD (assuming that's true), and that it's unfortunate that the college was not hiring more full-time, tenure-track faculty with PhDs who could be more consistently involved in their educations over the four years of their college experience, rather than a rotating set of adjuncts. As part of this explanation, we were encouraged to invite our students to call us "Lecturer lastname" or "firstname" as a way of pointing out that they were not being taught by a regular professor. Nonetheless, my students called me by a wide variety of things.

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Record-breaking PhD Cohort Joins Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Largest incoming class brings diverse talents and ambitious goals to the Whiting School.

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The Whiting School of Engineering’s Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering is set to welcome a record-breaking cohort of 43 new PhD students for the fall semester, representing the largest incoming PhD cohort in the department’s history.

“This is an exciting time for the department,” says Honggang Cui , professor and director of PhD admissions. “This cohort includes students from the top engineering programs in the United States and abroad who have already made many outstanding achievements in the field.”

Schools represented include the University of California, Berkeley; Cornell University; Duke University; the Indian Institutes of Technology (Bombay, Varanasi, and Kanpur); Peking University; the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; and others.

The department’s incoming class also boasts a wide range of achievements and includes three NSF Graduate Research Fellows, the department’s first Vivian Thomas Scholar Initiative scholar, three Percy Pierre Fellowship winners, and two Dean’s Scholars.

Luis Flores, a member of the cohort from the University of Texas at San Antonio, is a recipient of both the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (NSF GFRP)—which financially supports aspiring scientists and engineers pursuing advanced STEM degrees to broaden diverse participation—and the Vivien Thomas Scholars Initiative (VTSI)—which aims to address historic underrepresentation in STEM through academic and financial support.

“I am honored to receive these prestigious awards,” said Flores. “The NSF GRFP serves as a powerful catalyst for my professional career, validating my potential as a researcher. And being a representative of the VTSI program is a tremendous honor and responsibility. I’m a Latino from a low-income region near the Mexican-American border who wants to show those in my community that something as ambitious as a PhD will always be within their reach. These opportunities motivate me to excel in my work and contribute to society.”

Flores hopes not only to eventually start a pharmaceutical company focused on developing novel treatments for neurodegenerative diseases but also to establish a research lab to guide the next generation of scientists.

Shreya Ramesh, who comes to Hopkins from UC Berkeley, where she studied bioengineering and business, said she was attracted to Johns Hopkins Engineering’s program because it will allow her to explore a range of topics in the field, from medical applications to sustainable energy technologies.

“I was inspired by the high caliber of research and collaboration that happens here. All the people that I’ve gotten to meet so far, from professors to other fellow students, have been nothing but amazing,” she said.

Ramesh hopes to be involved in the start-up and entrepreneurship space in the future, perhaps by starting her own company.

“I hope that studying fundamental engineering principles and being involved in interdisciplinary research problems will allow me to think more critically about how to solve some of the world’s problems and connect me with resources that would allow me to do just that,” Ramesh said.

With aspirations that extend beyond the classroom, Flores and Ramesh exemplify the vision and drive of this year’s cohort, Cui said.

“This diverse blend of students will enrich the cultural diversity and intellectual vibrancy of our academic community. I am excited to see the innovative research and collaborative opportunities they will pursue within the chemical and biomolecular engineering department,” he said.

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What salutation to use for someone with a PhD who is a Lecturer or Reader in the UK?

What is the correct salutation to use when writing to someone with a PhD whose academic title is Lecturer or Reader in the UK?

(A related question addresses the case of a Lecturer without a PhD.)

• united-kingdom

The person's title in this case is (almost always) Dr, so "Dear Dr Last-name" would be the standard salutation for a first correspondence. If they sign their reply with their first name, then you can consider yourself welcome to write "Dear First-name" in future.

Academics in the UK are very used to receiving email addressing them as Professor, so it's not a big problem if you do this, but there is probably a slight increase in the chance that they might view your email as spam (I say this because the overwhelming majority of emails I get which address me as Professor are at least somewhat spammy). If someone's title is Professor, this will always be listed on the university website, so if you've done your research and found out that they are not a professor, it's probably best to use Dr.

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