description of fair presentation

Accounting Policies – Fair Presentation and Faithful Representation for IFRS

What does fair presentation mean.

Financial statements are described as showing a ‘true and fair view’ when they are free from material misstatements and faithfully represent the financial performance and position of an entity.

In some countries, this is an essential part of financial reporting.

Under International Financial Reporting Standards, financial statements are required to present fairly the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of the entity.

This issue is not dealt with directly by the Framework.

However, if an entity complies with International Financial Reporting Standards, and if its financial information is both relevant and faithfully represented, then the financial statements ‘should convey what is generally understood as a true and fair view of such information’.

Under IAS 1, ‘Fair presentation requires the faithful representation of the effects of transactions, other events and conditions in accordance with the definitions and recognition criteria for assets, liabilities, income and expenses set out in the IASB Framework.

What does faithful representation mean?

Faithful representation means more than that the amounts in the financial statements should be materially correct.

The information should present clearly the transactions and other events that it is intended to represent.

Also, the financial information must account for transactions and other events in a way that reflects their true substance and economic reality, their commercial impact, rather than their strict legal form.

If there is a difference between substance and legal form, the financial information should represent the economic substance.

An example of this is when a company enters into a finance lease, the substance of the transaction requires the entity to record an asset in its financial statements and a corresponding liability for the lease payments due.

Faithful representation also requires the presentation of financial information in a way that is not misleading to users, and that important information is not concealed or obscured as this may be misleading.

Fair presentation and compliance with IFRSs

“Fair presentation” is presumed when the International Financial Reporting Standards are applied with necessary disclosures.

Under IAS 1:

• When the financial statements of an entity fully comply with International Financial Reporting Standards, this should be disclosed.
• Financial statements should not be described as compliant with IFRSs unless they comply with all of the International Financial Reporting Standards.

So IAS 1 assumes financial statements are presented fairly when they comply with accounting standards.

However, it is important to remember the spirit and nature of the accounting standard, and not its strict definition when preparing financial statements.

This is especially true for complex transactions which may not be covered by an accounting standard.

In these cases, the substance of the transaction should take precedence over the strict legal form of the transaction.

Under IAS 1, fair presentation also requires an entity:

• to select and apply accounting policies in accordance with IAS 8 Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors. IAS 8 sets out guidance for management on how to account for a transaction if no accounting standard is applicable
• to present information in a manner that provides relevant, reliable, comparable and understandable information
• to provide additional disclosures where these are necessary to enable users to understand the financial position and performance of the entity, even where additional disclosure is not required by the accounting standards.

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Fair presentation

IAS 1 says that the statements must present fairly the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of the entity. It specifies that it is presumed that this will be achieved by compliance with IFRS. However, it does allow that ‘in extremely rare circumstances’ an entity may decide that compliance would not result in a fair presentation, and in such circumstances it may depart from individual standards. If it does this, it must explain why and show the effect on the financial statements.

It adds a proviso that this is available to the extent that the relevant regulatory framework, normally national law, allows or does not prohibit such a departure. For example, the EU company law directives specify that if following GAAP does not give ‘a true and fair view’ an entity should in the first instance disclose extra information, and only if that is not thought workable, not follow the standard concerned. (The UK Accounting Standards Board obtained a legal opinion that producing statements that fairly present under IFRS is equivalent to providing a true and fair view.)

the statements must present fairly the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of the entity

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Presentation of Financial Statements (IAS 1)

Last updated: 14 November 2023

IAS 1 serves as the main standard that outlines the general requirements for presenting financial statements. It is applicable to ‘general purpose financial statements’, which are designed to meet the informational needs of users who cannot demand customised reports from an entity. Documents like management commentary or sustainability reports, which are often included in annual reports, fall outside the scope of IFRS, as indicated in IAS 1.13-14. Similarly, financial statements submitted to a court registry are not considered general purpose financial statements (see IAS 1.BC11-13).

The standard primarily focuses on annual financial statements, but its guidelines in IAS 1.15-35 also extend to interim financial reports (IAS 1.4). These guidelines address key elements such as fair presentation, compliance with IFRS, the going concern principle, the accrual basis of accounting, offsetting, materiality, and aggregation. For comprehensive guidance on interim reporting, please refer to IAS 34 .

Note that IAS 1 will be superseded by the upcoming IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements .

Now, let’s explore the general requirements for presenting financial statements in greater detail.

Financial statements

Components of a complete set of financial statements.

Paragraph IAS 1.10 outlines the elements that make up a complete set of financial statements. Companies have the flexibility to use different titles for these documents, but each statement must be presented with equal prominence (IAS 1.11). The terminology used in IAS 1 is tailored for profit-oriented entities. However, not-for-profit organisations or entities without equity (as defined in IAS 32), may use alternative terminology for specific items in their financial statements (IAS 1.5-6).

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Compliance with IFRS

Financial statements must include an explicit and unreserved statement of compliance with IFRS in the accompanying notes. This statement is only valid if the entity adheres to all the requirements of every IFRS standard (IAS 1.16). In many jurisdictions, such as the European Union, laws mandate compliance with a locally adopted version of IFRS.

IAS 1 does consider extremely rare situations where an entity might diverge from a specific IFRS requirement. Such a departure is permissible only if it prevents the presentation of misleading information that would conflict with the objectives of general-purpose financial reporting (IAS 1.20-22). Alternatively, entities can disclose the impact of such a departure in the notes, explaining how the statements would appear if the exception were made (IAS 1.23).

Identification of financial statements

The guidelines for identifying financial statements outlined in IAS 1.49-53 are straightforward and rarely cause issues in practice.

Going concern

The ‘going concern’ principle is a cornerstone of IFRS and other major GAAP. It assumes that an entity will continue to operate for the foreseeable future (at least 12 months). IAS 1 mandates management to assess whether the entity is a ‘going concern’. Should there be any material uncertainties regarding the entity’s future, these must be disclosed (IAS 1.25-26). IFRSs do not provide specific accounting principles for entities that are not going concerns, other than requiring disclosure of the accounting policies used. One of the possible approaches is to measure all assets and liabilities using their liquidation value.

See also this educational material at IFRS.org.

Materiality and aggregation

IAS 1.29-31 emphasise the importance of materiality in preparing user-friendly financial statements. While IFRS mandates numerous disclosures, entities should only include information that is material. This concept should be at the forefront when preparing financial statements, as reminders about materiality are seldom provided in other IFRS standards or publications.

Generally, entities should not offset assets against liabilities or income against expenses unless a specific IFRS standard allows or requires it. IAS 1.32-35 offer guidance on what can and cannot be offset. Offsetting of financial instruments is discussed further in IAS 32 .

Frequency of reporting

Entities are required to present a complete set of financial statements at least annually (IAS 1.36). However, some Public Interest Entities (PIEs) may be obliged to release financial statements more frequently, depending on local regulations. However, these are typically interim financial statements compiled under IAS 34 .

IAS 1 also allows for a 52-week reporting period instead of a calendar year (IAS 1.37). This excerpt from Tesco’s annual report serves to demonstrate this point, showing that the group uses 52-week periods for their financial year, even when some subsidiaries operate on a calendar-year basis:

If an entity changes its reporting period, it must clearly disclose this modification and provide the rationale for the change (IAS 1.36). It is advisable to include an explanatory note with comparative data that aligns with the new reporting period for clarity.

Comparative information

As a general guideline, entities should present comparative data for the prior period alongside all amounts reported for the current period, even when specific guidelines in a given IFRS do not require it. However, there’s no obligation to include narrative or descriptive information about the preceding period if it isn’t pertinent for understanding the current period (IAS 1.38).

If an entity opts to provide comparative data for more than the immediately preceding period, this additional information can be included in selected primary financial statements only. However, these additional comparative periods should also be detailed in the relevant accompanying notes (IAS 1.38C-38D).

IAS 1.40A-46 outlines how to present the statement of financial position when there are changes in accounting policies, retrospective restatements, or reclassifications. This entails producing a ‘third balance sheet’ at the start of the preceding period (which may differ from the earliest comparative period, if more than one is presented). Key points to note are:

• The third balance sheet is required only if there’s a material impact on the opening balance of the preceding period (IAS 1.40A(b)).
• If a third balance sheet is included, there’s no requirement to add a corresponding third column in the notes, although this could be useful where numbers have been altered by the change (IAS 1.40C).
• Interim financial statements do not require a third balance sheet (IAS 1.BC33).

IAS 8 also requires comprehensive disclosures concerning changes in accounting policies and corrections of errors .

Statement of financial position

IAS 1.54 enumerates the line items that must, at a minimum, appear in the statement of financial position. Entities should note that separate lines are not required for immaterial items (IAS 1.31). Additional line items can be added for entity-specific or industry-specific matters. IAS 1 permits the inclusion of subtotals, provided the criteria set out in IAS 1.55A are met.

Additional disclosure requirements are set out in IAS 1.77-80A. Of particular interest are the requirements pertaining to equity (IAS 1.79), which begin with the number of shares and extend to include details such as ‘rights, preferences, and restrictions relating to share capital, including restrictions on the distribution of dividends and the repayment of capital.’ While these kinds of limitations are common across various legal jurisdictions (for example, not all retained earnings can be distributed as dividends), many companies neglect to disclose such limitations in their financial statements.

For guidance on classifying assets and liabilities as either current or non-current, please refer to the separate page dedicated to this topic.

Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income

IAS 1 provides two methods for presenting profit or loss (P/L) and other comprehensive income (OCI). Entities can either combine both P/L and OCI into a single statement or present them in separate statements (IAS 1.81A-B). Additionally, the P/L and total comprehensive income for a given period should be allocated between the owners of the parent company and non-controlling interests (IAS 1.81B).

Minimum contents in P/L and OCI

IAS 1.82-82A specifies the minimum items that must appear in the P/L and OCI statements. These items are required only if they materially impact the financial statements (IAS 1.31).

Entities are permitted to add subtotals to the P/L statement if they meet the criteria specified in IAS 1.85A. Operating income is often the most commonly used subtotal in P/L. This practice may be attributed to the 1997 version of IAS 1, which mandated the inclusion of this subtotal—although this is no longer the case. IAS 1.BC56 clarifies that an operating profit subtotal should not exclude items commonly considered operational, such as inventory write-downs, restructuring costs, or depreciation/amortisation expenses.

Profit or loss (P/L)

All items of income and expense must be recognised in P/L (or OCI). This means that no income or expenses should be recognised directly in the statement of changes in equity, unless another IFRS specifically mandates it (IAS 1.88). Direct recognition in equity may also result from intra-group transactions . IAS 1.97-98 require separate disclosure of material items of income and expense, either directly in the income statement or in the notes.

Expenses in P/L can be presented in one of two ways (IAS 1.99-105):

• By their nature (e.g., depreciation, employee benefits); or
• By their function within the entity (e.g., cost of sales, distribution costs, administrative expenses).

When opting for the latter, entities must provide additional details on the nature of the expenses in the accompanying notes (IAS 1.104).

Other comprehensive income (OCI)

OCI encompasses income and expenses that other IFRS specifically exclude from P/L. There is no conceptual basis for deciding which items should appear in OCI rather than in P/L. Most companies present P/L and OCI as separate statements, partly because OCI is generally overlooked by investors and those outside of accounting and financial reporting circles. The concern is that combining the two could reduce net profit to merely a subtotal within total comprehensive income.

All elements that constitute OCI are specifically outlined in IAS 1.7, as part of its definitions.

Reclassification adjustments

A reclassification adjustment refers to the amount reclassified to P/L in the current period that was recognised in OCI in the current or previous periods (IAS 1.7). All items in OCI must be grouped into one of two categories: those that will or will not be subsequently reclassified to P/L (IAS 1.82A). Reclassification adjustments must be disclosed either within the OCI statement or in the accompanying notes (IAS 1.92-96).

To illustrate, foreign exchange differences arising on translation of foreign operations and gains or losses from certain cash flow hedges are examples of items that will be reclassified to P/L. In contrast, remeasurement gains and losses on defined benefit employee plans or revaluation gains on properties will not be reclassified to P/L.

The practice of transferring items from OCI to P/L, commonly known as ‘recycling’, lacks a concrete conceptual basis and the criteria for allowing such transfers in IFRS are often considered arbitrary.

Tax effects

OCI items can be presented either net of tax effects or before tax, with the overall tax impact disclosed separately. In either case, entities must specify the tax amount related to each item in OCI, including any reclassification adjustments (IAS 1.90-91). Interestingly, there is no such requirement to disclose tax effects for individual items in the income statement.

Statement of changes in equity

IAS 1.106 outlines the minimum line items that must be included in the statement of changes in equity. Subsequent paragraphs specify the disclosure requirements, which can be addressed either within the statement itself or in the accompanying notes. It’s crucial to note that changes in equity during a reporting period can arise either from income and expense items or from transactions involving owners acting in their capacity as owners (IAS 1.109). This means that entities cannot adjust equity directly based on changes in assets or liabilities unless these adjustments result from transactions with owners, such as capital contributions or dividend payments, or are otherwise mandated by other IFRSs.

Statement of cash flows

The statement of cash flows is governed by IAS 7 .

• Explanatory notes

Structure of explanatory notes

The structure for explanatory notes is detailed in IAS 1.112-116. In practice, there are several commonly adopted approaches to organising these notes:

Approach #1:

• Primary financial statements (P/L, OCI, etc.)
• Statement of compliance and basis of preparation
• Accounting policies

Approach #1 is logically coherent, as understanding accounting policies is crucial before delving into the financial data. However, in reality, few people read the accounting policies in their entirety. Consequently, users often have to navigate past several pages of accounting policies to reach the explanatory notes.

Approach #2:

• Primary financial statements (P/L, OCI, etc)

In Approach #2, accounting policies are treated as an appendix and positioned at the end of the financial statements. The advantage here is that all numerical data is clustered together, uninterrupted by extensive descriptions of accounting policies.

Approach #3:

• Explanatory notes integrated with relevant accounting policies

Approach #3 pairs accounting policies directly with the associated explanatory notes. For example, accounting policies relating to inventory would appear alongside the explanatory note that breaks down inventory components.

Management of capital

IAS 1.134-136 outline the disclosures related to capital management. These provisions apply to all entities, whether or not they are subject to external capital requirements. An important note here is that entities are not obligated to disclose specific values or ratios concerning capital objectives or requirements.

IAS 1.137 mandates disclosure of dividends proposed or declared before the financial statements were authorised for issue but not recognised as a distribution to owners during the period. Furthermore, entities are required to disclose the amount of any cumulative preference dividends not recognised.

Disclosure of accounting policies

IAS 1 specifies the requirements for disclosing accounting policy information which are discussed here .

Disclosing judgements and sources of estimation uncertainty

IAS 1 mandates disclosing judgements and sources of estimation uncertainty .

Other disclosures

Additional miscellaneous disclosure requirements are detailed in paragraphs IAS 1.138.

IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements

The upcoming IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements , which will supersede IAS 1, aims to enhance the comparability and transparency of financial reporting, focusing on the statement of profit or loss. Key changes include:

• The introduction of two new subtotals in the P/L statement: ‘operating profit’ and ‘profit before financing and income taxes’.
• A requirement for the reconciliation of management-defined performance measures (also known as ‘non-GAAP’ measures) with those specified by IFRS.
• Refined guidelines for the aggregation and disaggregation of information within the primary financial statements.
• Limited changes to the statement of cash flows, establishing operating profit as a starting point for the indirect method and eliminating options for the classification of interest and dividend cash flows.

Learn more in this BDO’s publication .

The release of IFRS 18 is expected in Q2 2024. This new IFRS will be effective from 1 January 2027 with early application permitted.

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The information provided on this website is for general information and educational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional advice. Use at your own risk. Excerpts from IFRS Standards come from the Official Journal of the European Union (© European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu). You can access full versions of IFRS Standards at shop.ifrs.org. IFRScommunity.com is an independent website and it is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or in any other way associated with the IFRS Foundation. For official information concerning IFRS Standards, visit IFRS.org.

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Difference Between Fair Presentation and Faithful Representation

Fair presentation is an accounting standards’ requirement that an entity’s financial statements should be presented in a fair way to all relevant users of these statements. In other words, it is premised on the requirement that these statements should not be misleading. Under the principle of fair presentation, financial statements must fairly present the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of the entity. Fair presentation requires the faithful (unbiased) representation of the monetary effects of transactions, other events and circumstances in accordance with the applicable concepts and recognition criteria for assets , liabilities , income and expenses .

On the other hand, faithful representation is an accounting concept (or principle) that entails that an entity’s financial statements shall be prepared and produced in a manner that accurately reflects the real state of affairs of that entity and the conditions under which it operates. In other words, faithful representation implies that the information presented in the financial statements should reflect the transactions and events that occur during a period in a manner that represents their true economic substance rather than merely their legal form.

Fair presentation is an expected outcome of maintaining qualitative characteristics (particularly, reliability ) of financial reporting and the application of accounting standards. Financial statements are meant to fairly present an entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. A major requirement for fair presentation is the faithful representation of the monetary effects of transactions, other events and conditions in line with the applicable concepts and recognition criteria for assets, liabilities, income and expenses.

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IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements

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IAS 1 sets out overall requirements for the presentation of financial statements, guidelines for their structure and minimum requirements for their content. It requires an entity to present a complete set of financial statements at least annually, with comparative amounts for the preceding year (including comparative amounts in the notes). A complete set of financial statements comprises:

• a statement of financial position as at the end of the period;
• a statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income for the period.  Other comprehensive income is those items of income and expense that are not recognised in profit or loss in accordance with IFRS Standards.  IAS 1 allows an entity to present a single combined statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income or two separate statements;
• a statement of changes in equity for the period;
• a statement of cash flows for the period;
• notes, comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information; and
• a statement of financial position as at the beginning of the preceding comparative period when an entity applies an accounting policy retrospectively or makes a retrospective restatement of items in its financial statements, or when it reclassifies items in its financial statements.

An entity whose financial statements comply with IFRS Standards must make an explicit and unreserved statement of such compliance in the notes. An entity must not describe financial statements as complying with IFRS Standards unless they comply with all the requirements of the Standards. The application of IFRS Standards, with additional disclosure when necessary, is presumed to result in financial statements that achieve a fair presentation. IAS 1 also deals with going concern issues, offsetting and changes in presentation or classification.

Standard history

In April 2001 the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) adopted IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements , which had originally been issued by the International Accounting Standards Committee in September 1997. IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements replaced IAS 1 Disclosure of Accounting Policies (issued in 1975), IAS 5 Information to be Disclosed in Financial Statements (originally approved in 1977) and IAS 13 Presentation of Current Assets and Current Liabilities (approved in 1979).

In December 2003 the IASB issued a revised IAS 1 as part of its initial agenda of technical projects. The IASB issued an amended IAS 1 in September 2007, which included an amendment to the presentation of owner changes in equity and comprehensive income and a change in terminology in the titles of financial statements. In June 2011 the IASB amended IAS 1 to improve how items of other income comprehensive income should be presented.

In December 2014 IAS 1 was amended by Disclosure Initiative (Amendments to IAS 1), which addressed concerns expressed about some of the existing presentation and disclosure requirements in IAS 1 and ensured that entities are able to use judgement when applying those requirements. In addition, the amendments clarified the requirements in paragraph 82A of IAS 1.

In October 2018 the IASB issued Definition of Material (Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8). This amendment clarified the definition of material and how it should be applied by (a) including in the definition guidance that until now has featured elsewhere in IFRS Standards; (b) improving the explanations accompanying the definition; and (c) ensuring that the definition of material is consistent across all IFRS Standards.

In February 2021 the IASB issued Disclosure of Accounting Policies which amended IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2 Making Materiality Judgements . The amendment amended IAS 1 to replace the requirement for entities to disclose their significant accounting policies with the requirement to disclose their material accounting policy information.

In October 2022, the IASB issued  Non-current Liabilities with Covenants . The amendments improved the information an entity provides when its right to defer settlement of a liability for at least twelve months is subject to compliance with covenants. The amendments also responded to stakeholders’ concerns about the classification of such a liability as current or non-current.

Other Standards have made minor consequential amendments to IAS 1. They include Improvement to IFRSs (issued April 2009), Improvement to IFRSs (issued May 2010), IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements (issued May 2011), IFRS 12 Disclosures of Interests in Other Entities (issued May 2011), IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement (issued May 2011), IAS 19 Employee Benefits (issued June 2011), Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2009–2011 Cycle (issued May 2012), IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (Hedge Accounting and amendments to IFRS 9, IFRS 7 and IAS 39) (issued November 2013), IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (issued May 2014), Agriculture: Bearer Plants (Amendments to IAS 16 and IAS 41) (issued June 2014), IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (issued July 2014), IFRS 16 Leases (issued January 2016), Disclosure Initiative (Amendments to IAS 7) (issued January 2016), IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts (issued May 2017), Amendments to References to the Conceptual Framework in IFRS Standards (issued March 2018) and Amendments to IFRS 17 (issued June 2020).

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Presentation of Items of Other Comprehensive Income (Amendments to IAS 1)

Presentation of Liabilities or Assets Related to Uncertain Tax Treatments (IAS 1)

Presentation of interest revenue for particular financial instruments (IFRS 9 and IAS 1)

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The requirement that financial statements should not be misleading. ‘Fair presentation’ is the US and International Accounting Standards equivalent of the British requirement that financial statements give a true and fair view.

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Tamsen Webster

Empowering Keynote Speaker and Presentation Strategist

How to Write Descriptions for Your Talks and Presentations – EP:098

Now that you have a great title , how do you write descriptions for your talk or presentation? Again, it’s about framing the ideas for the organizer to say yes, which means using the Red Thread. If we write descriptions so the organizer gets all their questions answered, it’ll answer their attendees’ questions, too.

To do this well, you need the Goal, Problem, Truth, Change, and Action of the talk or presentation, which you can plug into my framework. That doesn’t mean you need to have built the presentation, just the pieces.

Open with the Goal, then allude to the Problem or Truth. Next, match the outcomes they can expect from the talk with your authority to speak about those outcomes. Finally, put together some actionable takeaways based on what they’ll be able to do after your talk. We look at some examples to highlight the ins and outs of making each step work.

• How to Write a Conference Speaking or Session Proposal That Gets Chosen Every Time
• Tamsen’s Talks
• Can Your Message Survive an Edit? – EP:002

Transcription

– Okay, well, you’ve found The Red Thread for your talk. You’ve found an awesome title that combines something people want via an unexpected or ownable means to get there. Maybe you’ve adjusted it for a TEDx. How do you actually talk about this talk?

That’s what we’re talking about this week on Find The Red Thread. We’re going to talk about how to craft great descriptions that people also say yes to. I’m your host, Tamsen Webster of tamsenwebster.com. Please like and subscribe.

I have some bad news and I have some good news. So, the bad news is we’re dealing with the same Problem and Truth as we’ve been talking about titling our talks, TEDx or otherwise. We need to make sure that we’re framing our ideas in a format the organizer understands. Because the organizer is the one making decisions. The good news is we already know what that is.

We already know what the structure of information needs to be for someone to say yes to our talk. It’s the same structure of information that anybody needs to say yes to a new idea. And that structure is the Red Thread.

We need to give people answers to fundamental questions they have about an idea before they can say yes to it. When it comes to an organizer and the description we also need to make sure it’s written in such a way that’s perfect for the organizer to pop into their conference program. We want to keep it, ideally, as close to how we’ve written it as possible. And if we’ve done a good job the organizer’s likely to do that. Because if the organizer gets all their questions answered they know it’s probably going to answer all the questions of their attendees, too. And when their attendees say yes to a presentation then the organizer goes, “Yes, I’ve done my job.”

Alright, so, how do we do that? Well, a first step is to pull together the pieces of your idea’s Red Thread. So, you’re going to need the Goal, the Problem, the Truth, the Change and the Action of the presentation that you’re about to describe. The good news is that you don’t have to have built the whole presentation. You just need those pieces.

And once you have those pieces, you’ll have a description that definitely, you’ll be able to build a presentation off later. And not go back and say, “Why the heck did I say the presentation was going to be about that?” Not like I had ever done that before I discovered this process for myself but maybe you have. Okay, I totally did that. But since I started using this process I’ve been able to nail the conference description at a proposal or the talk description every time.

Here’s how it goes, it’s a simple framework that you’re just going to fill in the pieces of your Red Thread. Here’s how it goes: first, you’re going to open with the Goal. Open the description with the Goal. Second, you’re going to allude to the Problem or the Idea. You’re probably not going to tell them exactly what it is. But you probably, by the way, have told them something about it in the title. But you’re going to allude to it here in the next part.

In the third part, you’re going to match the outcomes they can expect from the talk with your authority to speak about those outcomes. And then, finally, you’re going to put together some actionable takeaways built on the pieces of the talk that you have already planned out.

Now, what does that actually look like? So, I’m going to use a talk description that I built for a webinar that I did recently for MarketingProfs PRO. Their PRO seminar on how to build presentations. And I really wanted to focus on how do you design a presentation from the ground up. Not so much on the slides but really how do you figure out what the idea is and how do you structure it? So, it was called, to evoke our titling descriptions from before, “Substance, Structure, Style: How to Build Presentations People Say Yes to.”

So, “Substance, Structure, Style” was indicating what the unexpected or unfamiliar approach might be. And then after the colon was, “How to Build Presentations People Say Yes to.” Now, I subsequently discovered that “Substance, Structure, Style” is what grand storyteller, expert Robert McKee uses. Had no idea at the time. So, in future versions, I would probably just call this the second part, “How to Build Presentations People Say Yes to.” Or I could use “The Red Thread” before the colon.

But since we’re talking about descriptions today let’s talk about this description. Now, remember the first thing I said is we’re going to open with the Goal. And in this case, I need to set it up a little bit. So, here’s how I did that. I said, “Each time we present, no matter how formally, we’re asking our audience to say yes to a change in thinking or behavior.”

That’s putting out a statement that most people will say yes to. Then, I’m starting to get more specific about what question this talk will answer. I say, “Too often though, we get a whole lot of no. Why?”

So, obviously, since I have in the title “How to Build Presentations People Say Yes to” that is the Goal. So, I’m just reframing it slightly differently in how I open this description. I’m saying, “We need people to say yes. We get a lot of no. Why do we get no?”

Here’s where I (second part) allude to the Problem or the Idea. I say, “Because we push for the yes rather than create the conditions for it.” Now, I am actually telling them the answer. I’m telling them what the Problem of my talk is.

But not in such a way that they go, “Oh I get it now. I don’t need to listen.” It’s enough information that they say, “Oh, that makes sense but I need to know what these conditions are. Why can’t we push for the yes?”

All these other questions come into play. But those are good questions. Those are good questions that say I want to know more. Not, what the heck is this about?

Now, the third piece, as I said, is to match outcomes with authority. I put the authority piece first. So, I said, “Join recovering 20-year Brand Marketer and former TEDx Executive Producer Tamsen Webster.” So, I’m picking pieces from my background that I think are relevant to this particular talk.

If you look at my talk descriptions at tamsenwebster.com/speaking you’ll see I treat this piece a little differently depending on what the topic of the talk is. Oftentimes, I’m going to be talking about message strategy or brand strategy in TEDx. But it depends on the talk. So, you pick the authority that you have and then match it to the outcomes of the talk.

So, this is going to be a little bit more specific now about the Goal. But also what are the Change and the Actions that you’ve planned out when you’re doing the work of your Red Thread?

“So,” I said, “join me as she explains how to build the substance, structure, and style of your presentations that make it easy for your audience to say yes.” I’m telling you this talk is going to give you how to build the substance and the structure and the style of your presentations so we get the outcome we’re looking for.

You’ll see also that I looped back to the Goal at the beginning. That’s a way to reinforce to people that when you listen to this talk, you’ll get what the title promised.

Now, sometimes you need to include actionable takeaways. And a lot of times, in fact for most of the time I put these takeaways together, I really focused on what people would learn. And I wanted to do that in a way that was a little bit marketing-y. It was a way that would get people to say, “Well, what are the five ways to do this?” Or, “What are the three things that most people miss?”

But I’ve recently started to be much more specific about that and frame it in this way. By the end of this talk or the seminar or this webinar you’ll be able to or the audience will be able to. And so, I’m framing some of those five key concepts from a truly actionable standpoint. In this case, I said, “Identify the five key concepts every presentation needs. And know how to find them in your own.”

So, instead of just saying, “you’ll learn the five key concepts every presentation needs.” I’m saying, “you’ll be able to identify the five key concepts and know how to find them in your own presentation.”

Meeting organizers love this. I had a meeting organizer approach me with a talk that they wanted me to give based on just that kind of phrasing. They said, “That’s one of the reasons we wanted to hire you. Because we understood that you had a focus on actual applicability of this information.”

So, I have two more here. The second one was, “Organize your content so it feels like a story even if it isn’t one.” So, you’ll be able to organize your content so it feels like a story even if it isn’t one. Yes, it tells people you’re going to be able to organize your content but adds a little bit more flavor into what they’re going to get.

Now they know there’s going to be some elements of story and story structure. And appeal to those people who really want to be better storytellers. ‘Cause why do they want to do this? I say, “even if it isn’t one” and it keeps your audience hanging on every word.

Because we don’t just want to organize our information. We want to organize it in such a way that people are interested in it, that they’re excited about it. They keep listening to it.

So, the third piece here was, “Choose the illustrations and information that make your presentation and you come to life.” Being specific here about what are the things that they’re going to walk away with and be able to do. So, be able to choose the illustrations and information that make your presentation and you come to life.

When you have all those pieces, which, again, you don’t have to write the talk first. All you need is the pieces of your Red Thread first. You’ve got everything you need to put together a super powerful description.

Now, if you want to see this written up, I wrote something on LinkedIn called, “How to Write a Conference Session Proposal That Gets a Yes Every Time or Gets Accepted Every Time.” You can search for that and find it. But you can also pay attention to how other people do this well.

Now, I’ve got more examples in my own speaking topics at tamsenwebster.com/speaking. But when you follow this format, I think you’ll find that it makes the writing the descriptions easier. But it also makes it much, much easier for the organizers to say yes.

So, just remember this, you open with the Goal. You allude to the Problem and/or the Idea. You match outcomes with your authority. And you give them actionable takeaways based on what they’ll be able to do after your talk.

That’s this weeks episode on how to write the descriptions for your talks so you can get that green light for them. If you want more information on how to build that you can find much of that same content in my “Building Blocks For Better Talks” presentation I did. And you can find that at tamsenwebster.com/blocksfortalks. I hope you enjoyed this week’s episode. If you did, please do me one more favor and like, subscribe or share it. Thanks so much and I’ll see you next time.

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Presentation Description Mastery: A Step-by-Step Guide in 2024

Anh Vu • 05 Apr 2024 • 6 min read

The correct presentation description is what makes it more interesting for the target audience.

It will provide an opportunity to make a text that will attract the attention of the target audience and help convey the key idea. But for this task to be completed, you need to make the description high quality. Let’s consider in more detail how to create an appealing presentation description.

Table of Contents

• Three Key Ideas
• Harmonious combination of speech and presentation
• Use the Services of Professionals
• The relationship of presentation elements
• Match the content of the presentation with its purpose
• Ignore the Myths About Ideal Scope
• Use the tips from the list below
• Put yourself in the audience place 
• Frequently Asked Questions

Tips for Better Engagement

• How to start a presentation
• Script presentation

Start in seconds.

Get free templates for your next interactive presentation. Sign up for free and take what you want from the template library!

1. Three Key Ideas – Presentation Description

To make it easier for the audience to perceive the meaning of what was said, the thoughts outlined in the presentation should be structured. Therefore, it is worth asking yourself: “If the audience remembered only 3 ideas from my speech, what would they be about?”. Even if the presentation is voluminous, it should revolve around these 3 key ideas. This does not narrow the meaning of what has been said. On the contrary, you will be able to focus the attention of the target audience around a few basic messages.

2. Harmonious Combination of Speech and Presentation – Presentation Description

Often speakers use the presentation as a dubbing of what they are saying. But this option is completely ineffective. It makes no sense to give the same content in different forms. The presentation should be an addition, not just a repetition of what has been said. She can emphasize key ideas, but not duplicate everything. An option is appropriate when the main essence of what was said is briefly structured in the presentation.

3. Use the Services of Professionals – Presentation Description

The team of professional EssayTigers writers will create a great presentation text for you that will work for you. This description will strengthen the idea and reveal it from the best side.

4. The Relationship of Presentation Elements – Presentation Description

Those presentations, the components of which look too fragmented, do not inspire confidence. The audience gets the impression that the material is grouped randomly. It is very difficult to understand such material. And most importantly, the audience needs to understand why this information is being offered to them. When there is no single plot, there is no unifying meaning. People who will be introduced to the presentation will not understand what exactly they want to say. Work to ensure that the relationship between the components of your presentation is built correctly. Then, having read one slide, the audience will expect another.

The most significant vector of efforts should be directed to what arouses people’s interest. Winning the fight for attention is a major win that can help you win other people’s love.

5. Match the Content of The Presentation with Its Purpose – Presentation Description

The goals may be different. If the task is to convince people of the benefits of a product or the benefits of an affiliate program, you need numbers, research, facts, and comparative characteristics. Emotional arguments in this case, as a rule, do not work. And if you need to enhance the meaning of an artistic or literary presentation, the presentation may consist of slides with art objects and short quotes or aphorisms. In each case, you need to pay attention to the context of the situation. If it is an informal context where people are sharing something creative, the text for the presentation can be written in a more free form. And if you need to convincingly argue in a given situation, textual content requires a clear structure.

6. Ignore the Myths About Ideal Scope – Presentation Description

The description really shouldn’t be too overloaded. This is the only tip that applies to all presentations. But its exact volume cannot be inscribed in some universal formula. It all depends on:

• performance time;
• the number of facts that you want to convey to the audience;
• the complexity of the information presented and the need for it to be complemented by specific explanatory footnotes.

Focus on the topic, the specifics of the content, and the time you have to spend on the presentation.

7. Use the Tips from The List Below – Presentation Description

We offer recommendations that will help make the text more literate, concise, and capacious:

• On one slide, reveal only one thought, this will not scatter the attention of the audience.
• If one of the ideas you want to convey to people is not easy to understand, break it up into several slides and provide footnotes with explanations.
• If the text can be diluted with images without losing its meaning, do it. Excess textual information is very difficult to perceive.
• Don’t be afraid of brevity. A clearly stated idea is remembered much better than too abstract, long, and vague formulations.
• Ask the audience for feedback after concluding the presentation! You could use a live Q&A tool to make this process easier, to make people feel comfortable to give you a response for improvement later on!

These tips are simple, but they will help.

8. Put Yourself in The Audience Place – Presentation Description

If you don’t know how people will be able to perceive what you plan to convey to them, put yourself in the place of the audience. Consider whether it would be interesting for you to listen to such a talk and watch the accompanying presentation. If not, what could be improved? This approach will allow you to look at the situation critically and prevent shortcomings instead of facing their consequences.

You could utilize different interactive tools for online presentations, to make sure that your slides are interesting and attractive to participants. Few features you could try include:

• Divide your team into groups by AhaSlides random team generator , to gather more diverse responses!
• AhaSlides’ AI  Online Quiz Creator  brings sheer joy to any lesson, workshop or social event
• AhaSlides  Live Word Cloud  Generator adds sparks to your presentations, feedback and brainstorming sessions, live workshops and virtual events.

About The Author

Leslie Anglesey is a freelance writer, journalist, and author of various articles with a passion for telling stories about the economic and social situation in the world. In case of any inquiries or suggestions kindly reach out to her at [email protected].

Frequently Asked Questions:

How do you write a presentation description.

Presentation description helps the audience perceive easily the meaning and the structure of the presentation. It is the very basic information for a presentation, and before writing a presentation description, you should ask yourself: “If the audience remembered only 3 ideas from my speech, what would they be about?”. You could also use the AhaSlides idea board to organize thoughts and opinions better in the presentation!

How long should a presentation description be?

There is no fixed rule on the length of a presentation description, as long as it provides sufficient information so that the audience can have a comprehensive view of the topic, structure, and purpose of the presentation. A good presentation description could make the audience know what the presentation is about and why they should participate in it.

More from AhaSlides

Pro Tips for Presenting Results of a FAIR Analysis

By observing hundreds of new FAIR practitioners, we have summarized the top five tips to help you become more effective at presenting results. With practice and preparation using these tips as guides, you will be on your way to confidently communicate the results of a FAIR analysis to your stakeholders.

Bernadette Dunn is a FAIR risk analysis trainer for RiskLens Academy.

Learn more about FAIR training. 

1. Be clear on the question you are answering 

This is one of the most repeatable statements we provide when teaching FAIR. Yet, when we practice presenting a FAIR analysis result, data is often being communicated with zero context. 

We recommend stating upfront the meeting's intention, starting with what the stakeholder asked you to do. Keep in mind that although you have spent a significant amount of time working on this request, the stakeholder has been off focusing on many other initiatives and needs to be reminded of the ask. 

An example of how to quickly create common ground for the intention of the meeting would be something like this: 

"Thank you, Ms. Dunn, for the time today. When we met a few weeks ago, you had asked me if my team can help you with a data breach concern. I have prepared a short presentation to support you with understanding this concern. Are you ready to see these results?" 

Notice that I kept the language simple and asked the stakeholder for buy-in to present the results. This step is essential to ensure there is common ground to move forward with presenting. It also opens up the discussion in the event the stakeholder is not on the same page for the meeting and allows for any misunderstanding to be cleared up right away.

2. Know your role as a presenter

Identifying your presenter role is also a common source of uncertainty we see in training. Analysts are unsure if they are being asked to make recommendations, give advice, teach FAIR, or simply present the data (aka answering the stakeholder's risk-related question.) 

If you don't know your role, ask. "Yes, Ms. Dunn, my team, can help you with your data breach concern. Are you looking for me to make recommendations or share the company's exposure?" 

Here are the most common types of business presentations to help you determine your role:

• Informative:  Brief and to the point. Stick to the facts and avoid complicated information. Neutral tone. Answers the stakeholder's question directly.
• Decision-making:  Most common with prioritization, assessments, treatments. Designed to support stakeholders in taking action by giving evidence and pointing out what can happen if this is not done. Leverages comparisons.
• Persuasive/Consultative:  Be clear if you are being asked to provide your advice or opinion - the analyst should be careful not to take on this role unless it is directly expected. Makes listeners accept and agree with the presenter's proposal. Often highly emotional to help gather support and approval. Leverages facts to support reinforcing credibility and solution.
• Instructional:  Teaches new ideas, concepts, FAIR, etc. Give specific directions or orders. Checks the audience’s understanding of theory and practice. Very thorough and usually takes a long time. 

3. Know your audience. 

We use the term "stakeholder" generally, but not all stakeholders are alike. A business stakeholder is going to be quite different from your boss. A security executive will also have specific knowledge that a CFO, CIO, or board member might lack. 

Most importantly, the presentation is about the audience (not the presenter). Spend time understanding what they care about and how they like to receive information. There are generally three types of audiences to support you in categorizing the type of presentation to create: 

a.    "Lay"  – No special or expert knowledge on the topic. They need to connect with relatable examples, need background information, expect more definition and description, and want attractive graphics/visuals.

b.    "Managerial"  – May have more knowledge than the lay audience about the topic, but they need knowledge so they can make a decision about an issue. Provide background information, facts, and statistics.

c.    "Experts"  – They may be the most demanding in terms of knowledge, presentation, graphics, and visuals. Often "theorists" or "practitioners." Document formats are often elaborate and technical, style and vocabulary may be specialized or technical, source up-to-date citations.

4. Answer the stakeholders’ question in the language they understand

Once you've established the type of audience you are presenting to, then cater your language to meeting them where they are. Most likely, your audience will fall into the 'lay" and "managerial" categories. 

It may seem like common sense to not talk in FAIR vernacular, but you just spent weeks, months, years learning this new language. It is incredibly important to take a step back and recognize that you may have built a habit using acronyms like "ALE" in place of words (Annualized Loss Exposure) or assumptions that everyone is on the same page with definitions of risk and vulnerability. 

If Ms. Dunn has concerns about data breach, then communicate in her language. It is OK to explain new terms and provide explanations along the way, so we are all on the same page.

"Ms. Dunn, to analyze the exposure to data breach, we had to determine what the most valuable thing is to our company that would be impacted by a breach. We determined that it is PII. From an industry perspective, we know data breaches compromise the confidentiality of PII, and we focused on this happening by malicious cybercriminals. Do you have any questions on this approach?" [TM2]  

Communicating the steps in "lay" terms for this audience type and checking for agreement allows everyone to stay on track. Ms. Dunn may fall into the "lay" category as it relates to a FAIR analysis. Still, she also may expect "managerial" details to help her make decisions on what to do next. This is why it is equally important to build your presentation and communicate in the style of the role Ms. Dunn asked of you (i.e., decision-making, informative, consultative, instructive.)

5. K.I.S.S. – Keep It Short & Simple 

Time is one of our most valuable assets. You will quickly gain respect from your stakeholder when you learn to respect the value of his or her time. It is recommended to keep presentations high-level and organized while having detailed data as a back-up if the stakeholder chooses to dive further. Send the agenda with the meeting request and ask for alignment or changes. Use the agenda as the structure for the presentation. 

Here is an example agenda:

• Introductions
• State the purpose/intention of the meeting
• List 3-5 Key Points that support goal(s) of the meeting
• Summary/Recap 
• Questions 

The more you practice, the better you get. By leveraging these five pro tips for presenting results, you will quickly gain a reputation in your organization for being an effective risk communicator.

Related: 

5 Essentials for a Good Rationale in Risk Analysis

To Bring Value in a Risk Analysis, Tell a Story and Provide a Solution

3 Tips for Better Risk Analysis Reporting

Learn How FAIR Can Help You Make Better Business Decisions

Recent Blogs

What’s New about Generative AI Risk?

FAIR Academy: Elevating Risk Quantification Education

Customize FAIR-MAM for Your Most Accurate Cyber Loss Data

Let’s Kill TPRM

FAIR Inst Europe Summit Panel: Strategies to Comply with the EU’s NIS2 and DORA

5 Ways to Get Your New FAIR Program Over the Hump

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How to Perfect Your Trade Show Presentation

May 25, 2019 by Paul Miller

Looking to up your trade show game? Consider adding a trade show presentation to your toolkit. A well-crafted presentation will attract, engage, and inform your target audience . It’s an effective way to add interactive content that’s also easy to set up and use. And it can help increase your leads, add to your brand message, and jumpstart your sales.

Why Add a Presentation to Your Trade Show Booth?

Trade show video or slide presentations can benefit your booth in a number of ways:

• Providing another way to use vertical space
• Disseminating information to visitors while leaving exhibit staff free to talk to possible leads
• Helping you get noticed and remembered on the trade show floor

The Keys to a Successful Presentation

Elaine Cohen, Founder of  Live Marketing  in Chicago, has further insight into how effective a presentation can be. She notes 10 things that should be factored into every trade show presentation, including virtual presentations:

• Start work at least two to three months in advance of the show – Give yourself plenty of time to make sure your trade show PowerPoint [or other presentation format] is both informative and engaging.
• Set clear goals and measurable objectives – Decide what you want to achieve at the show and how you will measure your results.
• Know your target audience – Match your tone, style, and content to your target demographic and psychographic profiles.
• Make sure the presentation is properly integrated with the rest of your trade show marketing strategy – All marketing materials should have a consistent theme, message, and look.
• Involve the right decision-makers from the start – For instance, coordinate with your marketing team to ensure consistency.
• Remember your brand message – Use your trade show presentation to build brand recognition by highlighting what makes you different from your competitors.
• Focus on high-level messages and solutions, when possible – Use no more than four major message points.
• Keep it short – The ideal presentation should be between 7 and 10 minutes.
• Amortize the presentation costs by reusing trade show presentations and other collateral materials at future shows, press conferences, and meetings.

Setting Up Your Presentation: Which Tool to Choose?

PowerPoint  is a popular choice for trade show presentations for a few reasons:

• It’s easy to use, both to create presentations and to set up the equipment you need to display them.
• It’s readily available.
• As a Microsoft product, it is fully integrated with other word processing tools.

Is it the best choice, though? While many people go with the trade show PowerPoint option, there are other ones out there. All are free or have a free subscription option. You won’t lose anything by checking them out, even if you decide to stick with what you’re used to!

Some alternatives to a trade show PowerPoint include:

Microsoft Sway :  Microsoft Sway is like PowerPoint but with some major improvements—and it works online right in your browser. Sway has plenty of useful features, such as the ability to pull content from virtually anywhere, including websites and social media. With a drag-and-drop method, you can embed tweets within your slides. Sway is cloud-based and free with any Microsoft account, including Outlook.

Google Slides : This is a popular alternative to PowerPoint, in part because it’s free to use if you have a Google account. It’s cloud-based, offers real-time collaboration, and can open and export PowerPoint files. There are hundreds of template options, and it’s easy to use, making it a good option when you don’t have much time to create a new presentation.

Apple Keynote : Free for all Mac users, Apple Keynote offers a solid alternative to Microsoft products. Create interactive charts and slides with cinematic effects and animations. This platform is compatible with PowerPoint, letting you import, edit, and save PowerPoint presentations as Keynotes.

Visme : This option is cloud-based and features drag-and-drop design tools for creating presentations, infographics, product demos, and more. Plus, there are millions of free images, HD backgrounds, templates, and layout options. There’s a comprehensive free option, along with premium plans with extra features.

Slidebean : When you need to create a new presentation and have limited time, Slidebean can be a great option. This PowerPoint alternative has pitch decks that are recreations of those used by well-known startups (including Uber and AirBnB) and are available as ready-to-use templates. Just insert your own content, and you’re good to go.

Prezi :  Unlike PowerPoint, Prezi allows you to make presentations with a non-linear flow. It’s also packed with well-crafted slide templates that can help you create slides and presentations more easily. But the real game-changer is the fact that you can interact on video with your presentations—in real time.

Canva :  Canva is a simple, easy-to-use interface with lots of free images and design templates. With this simple browser tool, you can make gorgeous slides that are virtually guaranteed to get attention. It’s perfect when you’re looking for spectacular imagery, but you can also upload your own photos and even add animation and music.

Emaze :  It’s a great all-around option for trade show presentations, with the ability to create mixed-media slides with audio and video content as well as images. Even the free version offers hundreds of templates. You can also import PowerPoint presentations into Emaze and then upgrade them with new content.

Powtoon :  If you want to create slideshows with lots of animation and video, Powtoon is a great choice. Sometimes plain text slides don’t allow you to say what you need to. Powtoon displays and explains more dynamic concepts.

Design Tips for a Powerful Presentation

Creating a slideshow isn’t as complex as it seems. In fact, the simpler your slides are, the better. Try out these presentation design tips, and you can’t go wrong:

• Focus your presentation tightly on your objectives.
• Keep text to a minimum – Use bullet points and other easy-to-read formats, so booth visitors or people on the trade show floor can quickly absorb the information.
• Simplify the layout – This is especially important for looping presentations. Choose a clear font and contrasting colors to make the display easy to read. It’s usually best to put a light font on a dark background to reduce glare.
• Don’t overdo it – A looping slideshow should spend around a minute showing each slide. To keep your presentation at the right length, limit it to 10 slides or fewer.

Viewing Options

What’s the best way to set up a trade show presentation? You generally have two options:

• A continuous loop: Once the presentation is set up, it doesn’t need any further user input. Slides are auto-timed to change at regular intervals. They can be synced with a voiceover or other audio. When the presentation ends, it begins again from the start.

With this kind of slideshow, each slide should be self-contained. This is important because viewers won’t always watch from the first slide to the last. They might come in at slide 2 or at slide 10. They should be able to understand each slide and catch the gist of your presentation, even if they haven’t seen previous slides.

• User-directed: The display is static until a visitor starts to interact with it. They can choose how long to view each slide. This kind of presentation has more interactive potential, as the user can click on hyperlinks or use action buttons to modify what they’re seeing.

A user-directed presentation offers possibilities the continuous loop does not. When users have control over the presentation, you can show more complex info. They’ll be starting at the beginning, so each slide can build on information from preceding ones.

You also have the opportunity to collect data about how people use and view your presentation, like:

• How long people spend on each slide
• Whether they click through when given the option to visit a website

You can also add an email entry point, so you have another opportunity to  collect contact information .

The Presentation Space

The presentation style you choose should be one that fits your trade show display space. Think about how users will interact with the presentation. Are there are certain locations where they’ll find it easier or more comfortable to view your trade show presentation? Consider:

• The size of your trade show exhibit space
• The lighting
• Furniture and display placement
• Where surrounding booths are located

For instance, the presentation should be in a well-lit area, but not one where glare makes it hard to view. The viewer area should be in a place that won’t be disturbed by traffic in and around the booth. It may be helpful to have a couple possible locations in mind. If your initial location turns out to be unsuitable once you arrive at the show, you have a backup that works without having to rearrange the booth.

Tailoring the Presentation to Your Needs

An effective trade show presentation is focused on helping you achieve your goals. So it’s important to know what your goals are and be confident that you can deliver them. Then build your trade show presentation around those goals. Hit all the key points that your audience is likely to be interested in.

An intimate booth environment, in which you host a smaller number of people, is a good opportunity for an interactive presentation. User-directed navigation, where the presentation is driven by user choices, helps drive engagement. If your company is one that deals in a relatively low volume of visitors and leads, upping the engagement factor is vital for a better conversion rate.

If your booth is geared toward a high volume of visitors, a different tactic is needed. In this case, a continuous loop on the perimeter of the booth space is a better option. A compelling presentation that offers valuable information helps  keep your booth full . It also occupies exhibit visitors while they wait to talk to staff members.

Set Trade Show Goals That Actually Matter

Digital options for virtual trade shows.

When it comes to virtual exhibits , much of the above advice still applies. Design and execution are still critical to creating a virtual presentation that gets results. The main difference is in how the message is delivered.

3D Virtual Studio by XtendLive : This high-tech option is a form of mixed reality that lets you create highly immersive virtual environments and powerfully upgrade your presentations at the same time. With a 3D virtual studio, you can give a presentation while simultaneously recording it and inserting it in real time into a 3D virtual world. At the same time, pre-recorded video, slides, and any other info you have can be integrated into the setting, rendering your visual data in a much more interesting and engaging way.

Because it’s all digital, this kind of tech can insert multiple people—in different locations—into the same virtual world at the same time. This means you can use 3D virtual studio production not just for solo presentations, but for group demos, discussions, and more.

Pre-recorded video: Depending on the virtual platform the event uses, your best option for delivering a trade show presentation may be via pre-recorded video. With this method, you’ll record yourself delivering the presentation, then upload it to your virtual trade show booth on the event platform. To view the presentation, people who visit your booth just need to click the appropriate link. With pre-recording, you can put your best foot forward, letting you practice as many times as you need to ensure your delivery is perfect.

The downside to a pre-recorded presentation is the lack of audience interaction. When your presentation is pre-recorded, you don’t get the chance to directly answer visitor questions or engage people personally. However, you can make up for this by inviting viewers to schedule a virtual appointment or contact you personally with questions and comments.

Presenting live online with PowerPoint: There are lots of great alternatives to the trade show PowerPoint, but sometimes PowerPoint itself is a good option! One reason why it’s still popular is that you can use PowerPoint to present live to a remote audience. Using PowerPoint Live in Teams , or Live Presentation in the web version, your audience can view the presentation in their web browser while you’re giving it. It’s easy to set up and is good to have in your toolkit for those times when you need a quick and effective option. One way to use this feature is to schedule product demos or presentations at your virtual trade show booth, then use Live Presentation as your delivery method.

Many PowerPoint alternatives have features that let you do something similar. However, PowerPoint is a good choice for this purpose because it’s a universal option that most people have used before. And it’s more likely than lesser-known options to integrate easily into virtual events platforms.

A Fantastic Presentation Elevates Your Exhibit

Developing a trade show presentation is a simple and effective way to provide a better experience for people who visit your exhibit. It gives you another chance to provide essential information and helps you get the most out of your booth space too.

• Latest Posts

Paul Miller

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• A Step-by-Step Guide to Trade Show Marketing: Capture Your Audience Before, During, and After - October 12, 2023
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How to Design an Exhibit That Can Be Adapted to Different Footprints

How to Craft the Perfect Trade Show Press Release and When to Send It Out

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Virginia 4-H Contest Guide - Science Fair Presentation & Display

Authors as published.

Prepared by Kathleen Jamison, 4-H Curriculum and Learning Specialist; Katie Lafon, State 4-H Events Coordinator; Kaci Daniel, Extension Agent, 4-H; Kelly Mallory, Extension Agent, 4-H; Bethany Eigel, Extension Agent, 4-H; Celia Brockway, Extension Agent, 4-H; Mandy Simons, Extension Agent, 4-H; Robbie Morrison, Extension Agent, 4-H; Kathy Alstat, Extension Agent, 4-H; Cathy Howland, Extension Agent, 4-H; Stacey Swain, 4-H Youth Educator

Description of Contest

The Science Fair Presentation& Display Contest provides youth with the opportunity to communicate scientific experiment by using the scientific method.

Levels of Competition

Unit (county), District, State

Age categories are as follows, using September 30th of the 4-H year as the determining date.

Juniors (ages 9-11)      Intermediates (ages 12-13)       Seniors (ages 14-18)

Awards to be Earned

The Danish awards system will be used at all levels of competition. Blue ribbons will be awarded to competitors earning 90-100 points; red ribbons will be awarded to competitors earning 75-89 points; white ribbons will be awarded to competitors earning 74 points or less.

Certain Extension districts award a purple ribbon to the highest scoring youth in the category. Districts determine the awarding of these ribbons, but they are generally reserved for blue ribbon winners only. At the state contest, the highest scoring youth will be awarded a project medal. Youth who win the state project medal are ineligible to compete in that category in future years.

Rules for this Contest

Originality  – The youth presenting the demonstration must have been actively involved in the science experiment demonstrated. However, it is acceptable for one youth to present a research project that involved a team effort. There is no restriction on presenting work that was prepared as a school project or other formal activity. If the original project was a group effort, the youth presenting the work must prepare his or her display specifically for this event.

Title  – The title may state the independent and dependent variables. Example: “The Effect of Salt Concentration on the Boiling Point of Water” or may be worded to capture the observers’ interest:”Does Salty Pasta Cook Faster

Size  – The display must be capable of sifting (freestanding) on a 3 ft x 3 ft space on a tabletop. Visual aids and props are allowed, provided they do not obscure the view of the display and relevant to the display. No live animals, or potential dangerous chemicals or substance are allowed.

Time : The science fair presentation will follow the same time limits as other presentations: Juniors (9-11 Yrs) 2-5 minutes, Intermediates (12-13 Yrs) 5-8 minutes, Seniors (14-19) 8-15 minutes. Each youth will be allowed up to three minutes to set up their display before presenting.

Judging Criterion

Content  – The display must “tell the whole story” by itself and will count for 40 out of a total of 100 points toward the final competition score.

Statement of Problem (Question)  – The essential research must be communicated through the problem state- ment. On a display board, a statement followed by the experimental hypothesis often achieves this. Example: “Is the temperature at which a salt/water solution boils higher than the temperature at which pure water boils?”

Hypothesis  – Example: “The more salt added the higher the temperature at which the mixture boils.

Materials  – Materials may be listed or stated in a paragraph format. Example: “Materials required for this experiment were distilled water, table salt, a sauce pan, a measuring cup, a teaspoon measure, a thermometer capable of measuring in the range of 200 to 250 Fahrenheit in one degree increments, and a stove.”

Method  – The procedure (materials methods) should be communicated either as a list or in narrative/paragraph form.

Step 1: Measure one cup of distilled water into a saucepan. (Control) Step 2: Place the saucepan on the stove and bring the water to a boil.

Step 3: Once the water is rapidly boiling, measure and record the temperature to the nearest degree Fahrenheit. Step 4: Discard the liquid and rinse the saucepan in tap water.

Step 5: Repeat steps 1-4 two times for a total of three trials.

Step 6: Repeat steps 1 through 5 except for each repetition add the appropriate amount of salt to the saucepan along with the distilled water (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 teaspoons of salt)”

Example: “One cup of distilled water was measured into a saucepan. For each trial a measured amount of table salt, varying from hone to five teaspoons (in one-teaspoon increments) was added and the mixture was stirred and brought to a rapid boil on the stove. Once boiling, the temperature was recorded to the nearest degree Fahren- heit. The boiling salt-water mixture was discarded and the saucepan rinsed with tap water. This procedure was repeated three times for each amount of salt.”

Creativity Inventiveness  – The presenter should convey how their experiment is innovative, original or a new approach to the question.

Results : Sufficient graphs and data tables must be presented to communicate the findings and to show how the data supports or denies the experimental hypothesis. Brief sentences summarizing the data may accompany the graphs and tables.

Acknowledgements/Bibliography  – The presenter must acknowledge any outside assistance he or she received in performing the experiment, list resources and site any additional research used.

Conclusion : The major research findings are summarized here. This may be done in list or paragraph form. Possible future research studies may be suggested. Example: “The data clearly show that the saltier the water, the higher the boiling point. Based on this finding it would be interesting to see if pasta will cook more rapidly in salted water than in unsalted water.”

Score Sheet for this Contest

VCE Publication 380-128 “4-H Science Fair Project/Presentation and Display Score Sheet” Available: pubs.ext.vt.edu/380/380-128/380-128.html

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, military status, or any other basis protected by law

Publication Date

June 18, 2020

Available As

• Virginia 4-H Contest Guide - Science Fair Presentation & Display (PDF)

Other resources in:

• 4-H Competition and Scoring Aids
• 4-H Family Sciences
• Science, Technology, Engineering and Math

Other resources by:

• Kathleen Jamison
• Katie Lafon
• Kaci Kaci Daniel
• Kelly Mallory
• Bethany Eigel
• Celia Brockway
• Mandy Simons
• Robbie Morrison
• Kathy Alstate
• Cathy Howland
• Stacey Swain

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• Logos and Trademark Rules Only members of NAR can call themselves a REALTOR®. Learn how to properly use the logo and terms.
• Your Membership Account Review your membership preferences and Code of Ethics training status.
• Highlights & News Get the latest top line research, news, and popular reports.
• Housing Statistics National, regional, and metro-market level housing statistics where data is available.
• Research Reports Research on a wide range of topics of interest to real estate practitioners.
• Presentation Slides Access recent presentations from NAR economists and researchers.
• State & Metro Area Data Affordability, economic, and buyer & seller profile data for areas in which you live and work.
• Commercial Research Analysis of commercial market sectors and commercial-focused issues and trends.
• Federal Advocacy From its building located steps away from the U.S. Capitol, NAR advocates for you.
• REALTORS® Political Action Committee (RPAC) Promoting the election of pro-REALTOR® candidates across the United States.
• State & Local Advocacy Resources to foster and harness the grassroots strength of the REALTOR® Party.
• REALTOR® Party A powerful alliance working to protect and promote homeownership and property investment.
• Get Involved Now more than ever, it is critical for REALTORS® across America to come together and speak with one voice.
• All NAR & Affiliate Courses Continuing education and specialty knowledge can help boost your salary and client base.
• Code of Ethics Training Fulfill your COE training requirement with free courses for new and existing members.
• Continuing Education (CE) Meet the continuing education (CE) requirement in state(s) where you hold a license.
• Designations & Certifications Acknowledging experience and expertise in various real estate specialties, awarded by NAR and its affiliates.
• Library & Archives Offering research services and thousands of print and digital resources.
• Commitment to Excellence (C2EX) Empowers REALTORS® to evaluate, enhance and showcase their highest levels of professionalism.
• NAR Academy at Columbia College Academic opportunities for certificates, associates, bachelor’s, and master’s degrees.
• NAR Newsroom Official news releases from NAR.
• REALTOR® Magazine Advancing best practices, bringing insight to trends, and providing timely decision-making tools.
• Blogs Commentary from NAR experts on technology, staging, placemaking, and real estate trends.
• Newsletters Stay informed on the most important real estate business news and business specialty updates.
• Leadership & Staff National, state & local leadership, staff directories, leadership opportunities, and more.
• History Founded as the National Association of Real Estate Exchanges in 1908.
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Fair Housing Act Presentation Materials

• 50 Years of the Fair Housing Act
• Fair Housing and Property Rights: a History
• What's Next for Fair Housing
• Communication Resources

Presentation Materials

• Showcase Stories
• Partners & Allies

The 50th anniversary of the Fair Housing Act was commemorated during the 2018 REALTORS® Legislative Meetings and Trade Expo. For REALTOR® Associations that are interested in hosting their own Fair Housing Act presentations, NAR is sharing materials used during NAR 360, General Session, and a special Fair Housing Reception that emphasize how “Fair Housing Makes Us Stronger.” We hope the materials below will help inspire you as you create your own presentation.

• Download this video (MP4: 459 MB) 
• The Future of Fair Housing

NAR 360 Presentation with Graphics

Please Note: The PowerPoint and Keynote files below are large and may take some time to download on slower connections.

• PowerPoint  (PPTX: 677 MB)
• Keynote  (ZIP: 652 MB)

Script from NAR 360 Vignettes  (PDF: 116 KB)

Original Poetry

The following poems were written by Joseph Green for the National Association of REALTORS®.

• Prelude to a Dream  (PDF: 112.45 KB)
• End of an Era  (PDF: 175.89 KB)
• Good People  (PDF: 185.4 KB)
• What is a Home?  (PDF: 85.85 KB)

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DREAMS Week Spring 2024: Celebration of Undergraduate Research, Scholarly, and Creative Works

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Support Johns Hopkins undergraduates by visiting the weeklong DREAMS (Day of Undergraduate Research in Engineering, Arts, Medicine, and the Sciences) online, sponsored by the Hopkins Office for Undergraduate Research (HOUR) . This week, please take a few minutes to explore and support the research, scholarly, and creative endeavors of Johns Hopkins's dedicated and hard-working undergraduates. Visit online, ask questions, leave comments. Your engagement means so much.

DREAMS Week runs April 15 to April 19: Visit all the presentations online at your convenience or drop in to the live (virtual) presentations, every hour on the hour from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m.

Three reasons to visit DREAMS Spring 2024:

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pqm4: Benchmarking NIST Additional Post-Quantum Signature Schemes on Microcontrollers

Description.

In July 2022, the US National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) announced the frst set of Post-Quantum Cryptography standards: Kyber, Dilithium, Falcon, and SPHINCS+. Shortly after, NIST published a call for proposals for additional post-quantum signature schemes to complement their initial portfolio. In 2023, 50 submissions were received, and 40 were accepted as round-1 candidates for future standardization.

In this paper, we study the suitability and performance of said candidates on the popular Arm Cortex-M4 microcontroller. We integrate the suitable implementations into the benchmarking framework pqm4 and provide benchmarking results on the STM32L4R5ZI featuring 640 KB of RAM. pqm4 currently includes reference implementations for 15 submissions and M4-optimized implementations for fve submissions. For the remaining candidates, we describe the reasons that hinder integration – the predominant reason being large key size or excessive memory consumption.

Presented at

5th PQC Standardization Conference (2024) [in-person]

Event Details

Fifth PQC Standardization Conference

Related Topics

Security and Privacy: post-quantum cryptography