js invalid assignment to const

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JavaScript TypeError – Invalid assignment to const “X”

This JavaScript exception invalid assignment to const occurs if a user tries to change a constant value. Const declarations in JavaScript can not be re-assigned or re-declared.

Error Type:

Cause of Error: A const value in JavaScript is changed by the program which can not be altered during normal execution. 

Example 1: In this example, the value of the variable(‘GFG’) is changed, So the error has occurred.

Output(in console):

Example 2: In this example, the value of the object(‘GFG_Obj’) is changed, So the error has occurred.

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TypeError: invalid assignment to const "x"

Const and immutability, what went wrong.

A constant is a value that cannot be altered by the program during normal execution. It cannot change through re-assignment, and it can't be redeclared. In JavaScript, constants are declared using the const keyword.

Invalid redeclaration

Assigning a value to the same constant name in the same block-scope will throw.

Fixing the error

There are multiple options to fix this error. Check what was intended to be achieved with the constant in question.

If you meant to declare another constant, pick another name and re-name. This constant name is already taken in this scope.

const , let or var ?

Do not use const if you weren't meaning to declare a constant. Maybe you meant to declare a block-scoped variable with let or global variable with var .

Check if you are in the correct scope. Should this constant appear in this scope or was is meant to appear in a function, for example?

The const declaration creates a read-only reference to a value. It does not  mean the value it holds is immutable, just that the variable identifier cannot be reassigned. For instance, in case the content is an object, this means the object itself can still be altered. This means that you can't mutate the value stored in a variable:

But you can mutate the properties in a variable:

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TypeError: Assignment to Constant Variable in JavaScript

Last updated: Mar 2, 2024 Reading time · 3 min

# TypeError: Assignment to Constant Variable in JavaScript

The "Assignment to constant variable" error occurs when trying to reassign or redeclare a variable declared using the const keyword.

When a variable is declared using const , it cannot be reassigned or redeclared.

Here is an example of how the error occurs.

# Declare the variable using let instead of const

To solve the "TypeError: Assignment to constant variable" error, declare the variable using the let keyword instead of using const .

Variables declared using the let keyword can be reassigned.

We used the let keyword to declare the variable in the example.

Variables declared using let can be reassigned, as opposed to variables declared using const .

You can also use the var keyword in a similar way. However, using var in newer projects is discouraged.

# Pick a different name for the variable

Alternatively, you can declare a new variable using the const keyword and use a different name.

We declared a variable with a different name to resolve the issue.

The two variables no longer clash, so the "assignment to constant" variable error is no longer raised.

# Declaring a const variable with the same name in a different scope

You can also declare a const variable with the same name in a different scope, e.g. in a function or an if block.

The if statement and the function have different scopes, so we can declare a variable with the same name in all 3 scopes.

However, this prevents us from accessing the variable from the outer scope.

# The const keyword doesn't make objects immutable

Note that the const keyword prevents us from reassigning or redeclaring a variable, but it doesn't make objects or arrays immutable.

We declared an obj variable using the const keyword. The variable stores an object.

Notice that we are able to directly change the value of the name property even though the variable was declared using const .

The behavior is the same when working with arrays.

Even though we declared the arr variable using the const keyword, we are able to directly change the values of the array elements.

The const keyword prevents us from reassigning the variable, but it doesn't make objects and arrays immutable.

# Additional Resources

You can learn more about the related topics by checking out the following tutorials:

• SyntaxError: Unterminated string constant in JavaScript
• TypeError (intermediate value)(...) is not a function in JS

Borislav Hadzhiev

Web Developer

Copyright © 2024 Borislav Hadzhiev

TypeError: invalid assignment to const "x"

The JavaScript exception "invalid assignment to const" occurs when it was attempted to alter a constant value. JavaScript const declarations can't be re-assigned or redeclared.

What went wrong?

A constant is a value that cannot be altered by the program during normal execution. It cannot change through re-assignment, and it can't be redeclared. In JavaScript, constants are declared using the const keyword.

Invalid redeclaration

Assigning a value to the same constant name in the same block-scope will throw.

Fixing the error

There are multiple options to fix this error. Check what was intended to be achieved with the constant in question.

If you meant to declare another constant, pick another name and re-name. This constant name is already taken in this scope.

const , let or var ?

Do not use const if you weren't meaning to declare a constant. Maybe you meant to declare a block-scoped variable with let or global variable with var .

Check if you are in the correct scope. Should this constant appear in this scope or was it meant to appear in a function, for example?

const and immutability

The const declaration creates a read-only reference to a value. It does not mean the value it holds is immutable, just that the variable identifier cannot be reassigned. For instance, in case the content is an object, this means the object itself can still be altered. This means that you can't mutate the value stored in a variable:

But you can mutate the properties in a variable:

© 2005–2021 MDN contributors. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License v2.5 or later. https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Errors/Invalid_const_assignment

How to Fix the ‘TypeError: invalid assignment to const “x” ‘ Error in Our JavaScript App?

• Post author By John Au-Yeung
• Post date August 22, 2021
• No Comments on How to Fix the ‘TypeError: invalid assignment to const “x” ‘ Error in Our JavaScript App?

Sometimes, we may run into the ‘TypeError: invalid assignment to const "x"’ when we’re developing JavaScript apps.

In this article, we’ll look at how to fix the ‘TypeError: invalid assignment to const "x"’ when we’re developing JavaScript apps.

Fix the ‘TypeError: invalid assignment to const "x"’ When Developing JavaScript Apps

To fix the ‘TypeError: invalid assignment to const "x"’ when we’re developing JavaScript apps, we should make sure we aren’t assigning a variable declared with const to a new value.

On Firefox, the error message for this error is TypeError: invalid assignment to const "x" .

On Chrome, the error message for this error is TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.

And on Edge, the error message for this error is TypeError: Assignment to const .

For example, the following code will throw this error:

We tried to assign 100 to COLUMNS which is declared with const , so we’ll get this error.

To fix this, we write:

to declare 2 variables, or we can use let to declare a variable that we can reassign a value to:

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Web developer specializing in React, Vue, and front end development.

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• RegExp.@@match
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• Set.@@iterator
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• set.entries
• Set.forEach
• SharedArrayBuffer
• SharedArrayBuffer.byteLength
• SharedArrayBuffer.planned_changes
• SharedArrayBuffer.sharedArrayBuffer
• sharedArrayBuffer.slice
• for-await...of
• import.meta
• try...catch
• String.@@iterator
• string.anchor
• string.blink
• string.bold
• String.charAt
• String.charCodeAt
• String.codePointAt
• string.concat
• String.endsWith
• string.fixed
• string.fontcolor
• string.fontsize
• String.fromCharCode
• String.fromCodePoint
• string.includes
• String.indexOf
• string.italics
• String.lastIndexOf
• String.length
• string.link
• string.localeCompare
• string.match
• String.matchAll
• string.normalize
• String.padEnd
• String.padStart
• string.repeat
• string.replace
• String.replaceAll
• string.search
• string.slice
• string.small
• string.split
• String.startsWith
• string.strike
• String.string
• string.substr
• string.substring
• String.toLocaleLowerCase
• String.toLocaleUpperCase
• String.toLowerCase
• String.toSource
• String.toString
• String.toUpperCase
• string.trim
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• String.valueOf
• Symbol.@@toPrimitive
• Symbol.asyncIterator
• symbol.description
• Symbol.hasInstance
• Symbol.isConcatSpreadable
• Symbol.iterator
• Symbol.keyFor
• Symbol.match
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• Symbol.replace
• Symbol.search
• Symbol.species
• Symbol.split
• Symbol.symbol
• Symbol.toPrimitive
• Symbol.toSource
• Symbol.toString
• Symbol.toStringTag
• Symbol.unscopables
• Symbol.valueOf
• TypedArray.@@iterator
• TypedArray.@@species
• typedArray.at
• typedArray.buffer
• TypedArray.byteLength
• TypedArray.byteOffset
• TypedArray.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT
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• TypedArray.findIndex
• TypedArray.forEach
• TypedArray.from
• typedArray.includes
• TypedArray.indexOf
• typedArray.join
• typedArray.keys
• TypedArray.lastIndexOf
• typedArray.length
• typedArray.map
• TypedArray.name
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• WebAssembly.memory.grow
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TypeError: invalid assignment to const "x"

The JavaScript exception "invalid assignment to const" occurs when it was attempted to alter a constant value. JavaScript const declarations can't be re-assigned or redeclared.

What went wrong?

A constant is a value that cannot be altered by the program during normal execution. It cannot change through re-assignment, and it can't be redeclared. In JavaScript, constants are declared using the const keyword.

Invalid redeclaration

Assigning a value to the same constant name in the same block-scope will throw.

Fixing the error

There are multiple options to fix this error. Check what was intended to be achieved with the constant in question.

If you meant to declare another constant, pick another name and re-name. This constant name is already taken in this scope.

const , let or var ?

Do not use const if you weren't meaning to declare a constant. Maybe you meant to declare a block-scoped variable with let or global variable with var .

Check if you are in the correct scope. Should this constant appear in this scope or was it meant to appear in a function, for example?

const and immutability

The const declaration creates a read-only reference to a value. It does not mean the value it holds is immutable, just that the variable identifier cannot be reassigned. For instance, in case the content is an object, this means the object itself can still be altered. This means that you can't mutate the value stored in a variable:

But you can mutate the properties in a variable:

© 2005–2022 MDN contributors. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License v2.5 or later. https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Errors/Invalid_const_assignment

JavaScript Debugging Toolkit: Identifying and Fixing "Invalid assignment left-hand side"

This error arises when you attempt to assign a value to something that cannot be assigned to. JavaScript requires valid "left-hand sides" (targets) for assignments, which are typically variables, object properties, or array elements.

Correct Usage:

• Declared variables ( var , let , or const )
• Existing variables
• Object properties directly (without functions)
• Array elements using their numerical indices ( myArray[0] = 5 )

Incorrect Usage:

• Attempting to assign to expressions or values returned by functions
• Assigning to undeclared variables (causes ReferenceError )
• Using incorrect keywords or operators (e.g., using = for comparison instead of == or === )

Sample Code:

Precautions:

• Carefully check variable declaration (using var , let , or const ) to avoid undeclared variable errors.
• Remember that constants ( const ) cannot be reassigned after declaration.
• Use == or === for comparisons, not = for assignments.
• Be mindful of operator precedence (assignment has lower precedence than logical operators like && ).
• For object properties and array elements, ensure the object or array exists before assignment.
• ReferenceError: Occurs when trying to assign to an undeclared variable.
• TypeError: Occurs when trying to assign to a value that cannot be hold a value (e.g., modifying a constant or a returned function value).
• SyntaxError: Occurs if the code has incorrect syntax issues that prevent parsing.

Key Points:

• Understand the different assignment operators and when to use them.
• Declare variables before using them (except var , which has hoisting).
• Be mindful of object property and array element accessibility.
• Use strict equality comparison ( === ) or loose equality ( == ) instead of single assignment ( = ) for comparisons.
• Practice debugging techniques to identify and fix assignment errors.
• Consider using linters or code analysis tools to catch potential errors early.

By following these guidelines and carefully avoiding incorrect assignment scenarios, you can write clearer, more robust JavaScript code.

The JavaScript exception "invalid assignment left-hand side" occurs when there was an unexpected assignment somewhere. It may be triggered when a single = sign was used instead of == or === .

SyntaxError or ReferenceError , depending on the syntax.

What went wrong?

There was an unexpected assignment somewhere. This might be due to a mismatch of an assignment operator and an equality operator , for example. While a single = sign assigns a value to a variable, the == or === operators compare a value.

Typical invalid assignments

In the if statement, you want to use an equality operator ( === ), and for the string concatenation, the plus ( + ) operator is needed.

Assignments producing ReferenceErrors

Invalid assignments don't always produce syntax errors. Sometimes the syntax is almost correct, but at runtime, the left hand side expression evaluates to a value instead of a reference , so the assignment is still invalid. Such errors occur later in execution, when the statement is actually executed.

Function calls, new calls, super() , and this are all values instead of references. If you want to use them on the left hand side, the assignment target needs to be a property of their produced values instead.

Note: In Firefox and Safari, the first example produces a ReferenceError in non-strict mode, and a SyntaxError in strict mode . Chrome throws a runtime ReferenceError for both strict and non-strict modes.

Using optional chaining as assignment target

Optional chaining is not a valid target of assignment.

Instead, you have to first guard the nullish case.

• Assignment operators
• Equality operators

© 2005–2023 MDN contributors. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License v2.5 or later. https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Errors/Invalid_assignment_left-hand_side

Prevent Time-Zone Tantrums: Best Practices for Using Date.toLocaleTimeString()

The basic syntax for Date. toLocaleTimeString() is:dateObject: A Date object representing the date and time you want to format

• Taming the Locale Beast: Precautions and Error Handling for Array.toLocaleString
• JavaScript Power and Responsibility: Precautions and Error Handling
• Cautiously Approaching Error.lineNumber in JavaScript: Usage, Precautions, and Alternatives

JavaScript for Beginners: Demystifying the "Can't Access Lexical Declaration Before Init" Error

Error-Proof Sorting: Avoiding Pitfalls in JavaScript Array Manipulation

Demystifying "is not iterable" in javascript: a guide to looping through data structures.

Web/JavaScript/Reference/Errors/Invalid const assignment

The JavaScript exception "invalid assignment to const" occurs when it was attempted to alter a constant value. JavaScript const declarations can't be re-assigned or redeclared.

• 2 Error type
• 3 What went wrong?
• 4.1 Invalid redeclaration
• 4.2.1 Rename
• 4.2.2 const, let or var?
• 4.2.3 Scoping
• 4.3 const and immutability

What went wrong?

A constant is a value that cannot be altered by the program during normal execution. It cannot change through re-assignment, and it can't be redeclared. In JavaScript, constants are declared using the const keyword.

Invalid redeclaration

Assigning a value to the same constant name in the same block-scope will throw.

Fixing the error

There are multiple options to fix this error. Check what was intended to be achieved with the constant in question.

If you meant to declare another constant, pick another name and re-name. This constant name is already taken in this scope.

const , let or var ?

Do not use const if you weren't meaning to declare a constant. Maybe you meant to declare a block-scoped variable with let or global variable with var .

Check if you are in the correct scope. Should this constant appear in this scope or was it meant to appear in a function, for example?

What went wrong?

A constant is a value that cannot be altered by the program during normal execution. It cannot change through re-assignment, and it can't be redeclared. In JavaScript, constants are declared using the const keyword.

Invalid redeclaration

Assigning a value to the same constant name in the same block-scope will throw.

Fixing the error

There are multiple options to fix this error. Check what was intended to be achieved with the constant in question.

If you meant to declare another constant, pick another name and re-name. This constant name is already taken in this scope.

const , let or var ?

Do not use const if you weren't meaning to declare a constant. Maybe you meant to declare a block-scoped variable with let or global variable with var .

Check if you are in the correct scope. Should this constant appear in this scope or was it meant to appear in a function, for example?

const and immutability

The const declaration creates a read-only reference to a value. It does not  mean the value it holds is immutable, just that the variable identifier cannot be reassigned. For instance, in case the content is an object, this means the object itself can still be altered. This means that you can't mutate the value stored in a variable:

But you can mutate the properties in a variable:

Document Tags and Contributors

• JavaScript basics
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• Introducing JavaScript objects
• Introduction
• Grammar and types
• Control flow and error handling
• Loops and iteration
• Expressions and operators
• Numbers and dates
• Text formatting
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• Indexed collections
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• A re-introduction to JavaScript
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• (currently at stage 1) allows the creation of chained function calls in a readable manner. Basically, the pipeline operator provides syntactic sugar on a function call with a single argument allowing you to write">Pipeline operator
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• RangeError: invalid date
• RangeError: precision is out of range
• RangeError: radix must be an integer
• RangeError: repeat count must be less than infinity
• RangeError: repeat count must be non-negative
• ReferenceError: "x" is not defined
• ReferenceError: assignment to undeclared variable "x"
• ReferenceError: can't access lexical declaration`X' before initialization
• ReferenceError: deprecated caller or arguments usage
• ReferenceError: invalid assignment left-hand side
• ReferenceError: reference to undefined property "x"
• SyntaxError: "0"-prefixed octal literals and octal escape seq. are deprecated
• SyntaxError: "use strict" not allowed in function with non-simple parameters
• SyntaxError: "x" is a reserved identifier
• SyntaxError: JSON.parse: bad parsing
• SyntaxError: Malformed formal parameter
• SyntaxError: Unexpected token
• SyntaxError: Using //@ to indicate sourceURL pragmas is deprecated. Use //# instead
• SyntaxError: a declaration in the head of a for-of loop can't have an initializer
• SyntaxError: applying the 'delete' operator to an unqualified name is deprecated
• SyntaxError: for-in loop head declarations may not have initializers
• SyntaxError: function statement requires a name
• SyntaxError: identifier starts immediately after numeric literal
• SyntaxError: illegal character
• SyntaxError: invalid regular expression flag "x"
• SyntaxError: missing ) after argument list
• SyntaxError: missing ) after condition
• SyntaxError: missing : after property id
• SyntaxError: missing ; before statement
• SyntaxError: missing = in const declaration
• SyntaxError: missing ] after element list
• SyntaxError: missing formal parameter
• SyntaxError: missing name after . operator
• SyntaxError: missing variable name
• SyntaxError: missing } after function body
• SyntaxError: missing } after property list
• SyntaxError: redeclaration of formal parameter "x"
• SyntaxError: return not in function
• SyntaxError: test for equality (==) mistyped as assignment (=)?
• SyntaxError: unterminated string literal
• TypeError: "x" has no properties
• TypeError: "x" is (not) "y"
• TypeError: "x" is not a constructor
• TypeError: "x" is not a function
• TypeError: "x" is not a non-null object
• TypeError: "x" is read-only
• TypeError: 'x' is not iterable
• TypeError: More arguments needed
• TypeError: Reduce of empty array with no initial value
• TypeError: can't access dead object
• TypeError: can't access property "x" of "y"
• TypeError: can't define property "x": "obj" is not extensible
• TypeError: can't delete non-configurable array element
• TypeError: can't redefine non-configurable property "x"
• TypeError: cannot use 'in' operator to search for 'x' in 'y'
• TypeError: cyclic object value
• TypeError: invalid 'instanceof' operand 'x'
• TypeError: invalid Array.prototype.sort argument
• TypeError: invalid arguments
• TypeError: property "x" is non-configurable and can't be deleted
• TypeError: setting getter-only property "x"
• TypeError: variable "x" redeclares argument
• URIError: malformed URI sequence
• Warning: -file- is being assigned a //# sourceMappingURL, but already has one
• Warning: 08/09 is not a legal ECMA-262 octal constant
• Warning: Date.prototype.toLocaleFormat is deprecated
• Warning: JavaScript 1.6's for-each-in loops are deprecated
• Warning: String.x is deprecated; use String.prototype.x instead
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TypeError: invalid assignment to const "x"

The JavaScript exception "invalid assignment to const" occurs when it was attempted to alter a constant value. JavaScript const declarations can't be re-assigned or redeclared.

What went wrong?

A constant is a value that cannot be altered by the program during normal execution. It cannot change through re-assignment, and it can't be redeclared. In JavaScript, constants are declared using the const keyword.

Invalid redeclaration

Assigning a value to the same constant name in the same block-scope will throw.

Fixing the error

There are multiple options to fix this error. Check what was intended to be achieved with the constant in question.

If you meant to declare another constant, pick another name and re-name. This constant name is already taken in this scope.

const, let or var?

Do not use const if you weren't meaning to declare a constant. Maybe you meant to declare a block-scoped variable with let or global variable with var .

Check if you are in the correct scope. Should this constant appear in this scope or was it meant to appear in a function, for example?

const and immutability

The const declaration creates a read-only reference to a value. It does not mean the value it holds is immutable, just that the variable identifier cannot be reassigned. For instance, in case the content is an object, this means the object itself can still be altered. This means that you can't mutate the value stored in a variable:

But you can mutate the properties in a variable:

© 2005–2023 MDN contributors. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License v2.5 or later. https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Errors/Invalid_const_assignment

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This JavaScript exception invalid assignment to const occurs if a user tries to change a constant value. Const declarations in JavaScript can not be re-assigned or re-declared.

Error Type:

Cause of Error: A const value in JavaScript is changed by the program which can not be altered during normal execution. 

Example 1: In this example, the value of the variable(‘GFG’) is changed, So the error has occurred.

Output(in console):

Example 2: In this example, the value of the object(‘GFG_Obj’) is changed, So the error has occurred.

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