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128 Plastic Surgery Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

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Plastic surgery has become increasingly popular in today's society, with more and more people opting for cosmetic procedures to enhance their appearance. Whether it's a minor tweak or a major transformation, plastic surgery can help individuals achieve the look they desire. However, with the growing popularity of plastic surgery comes a need for more research and discussion on the topic.

If you're looking to explore the world of plastic surgery through an essay, you may be wondering where to start. To help you get inspired, here are 128 plastic surgery essay topic ideas and examples:

• The history of plastic surgery
• The different types of plastic surgery procedures
• The rise of plastic surgery in popular culture
• The psychological effects of plastic surgery
• The ethical implications of plastic surgery
• The risks and benefits of plastic surgery
• The impact of social media on plastic surgery trends
• Plastic surgery and body dysmorphia
• Plastic surgery and self-esteem
• The role of plastic surgery in gender identity
• Plastic surgery and ageism
• Plastic surgery and race
• The cost of plastic surgery
• Plastic surgery and beauty standards
• Plastic surgery and cultural appropriation
• Plastic surgery and mental health
• The rise of non-invasive plastic surgery procedures
• Plastic surgery and celebrity culture
• Plastic surgery and medical tourism
• Plastic surgery and body image
• Plastic surgery and identity
• The impact of plastic surgery on relationships
• Plastic surgery and self-expression
• Plastic surgery and empowerment
• The rise of plastic surgery among men
• Plastic surgery and the LGBTQ+ community
• Plastic surgery and aging
• Plastic surgery and technology
• Plastic surgery and art
• The future of plastic surgery
• Plastic surgery and consent
• Plastic surgery and beauty ideals
• The global impact of plastic surgery
• Plastic surgery and social class
• Plastic surgery and disability
• Plastic surgery and cultural norms
• Plastic surgery and body modification
• The role of plastic surgery in the fashion industry
• Plastic surgery and the workplace
• Plastic surgery and social media influencers
• Plastic surgery and the beauty industry
• Plastic surgery and body positivity
• Plastic surgery and body shaming
• Plastic surgery and self-acceptance
• The rise of plastic surgery in developing countries
• Plastic surgery and the media
• Plastic surgery and gender norms
• Plastic surgery and identity politics
• Plastic surgery and feminism
• Plastic surgery and cultural heritage
• The impact of plastic surgery on mental health stigma
• Plastic surgery and intersectionality
• Plastic surgery and the medical industry
• Plastic surgery and environmental sustainability
• Plastic surgery and consumerism

With these 128 plastic surgery essay topic ideas and examples, you can delve into the complexities of this fascinating and evolving field. Whether you're interested in the cultural, social, ethical, or medical aspects of plastic surgery, there's a topic here for you to explore. So, pick a topic that piques your interest, conduct some research, and start writing your plastic surgery essay today!

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Essays on Plastic Surgery

Faq about plastic surgery.

Tips on Plastic Surgery Argumentative Essay with Samples

Welcome to The Knowledge Nest's comprehensive guide on writing a plastic surgery argumentative essay. In this article, we will provide you with valuable tips and advice to help you craft a compelling piece that stands out from the rest. Whether you are a student, researcher, or simply interested in the topic, our detailed guide will equip you with the necessary tools to tackle this subject with confidence.

The Importance of Plastic Surgery Argumentative Essays

Plastic surgery has become a hot topic of debate in recent years, and writing an argumentative essay allows individuals to critically analyze and evaluate various aspects of this subject. Argumentative essays provide a platform to present logical arguments and counterarguments in a structured manner, encouraging readers to explore different viewpoints.

Understanding Different Perspectives

Before diving into the process of writing a plastic surgery argumentative essay, it is essential to comprehend the various perspectives surrounding this controversial topic. Plastic surgery can be viewed from multiple angles, including aesthetic, medical, ethical, and societal viewpoints.

Aesthetic Perspective

From an aesthetic standpoint, plastic surgery is often perceived as a means to enhance physical appearance and self-confidence. Supporters argue that it can help individuals achieve their desired look and improve their overall quality of life. On the other hand, critics argue that an excessive focus on physical beauty can have detrimental effects on self-esteem and body image.

Medical Perspective

Approaching plastic surgery from a medical perspective involves examining the benefits and risks associated with different procedures. Supporters argue that plastic surgery can have a positive impact on patients' physical and psychological well-being, particularly in cases involving reconstructive surgery after accidents or medical conditions. However, opponents argue that unnecessary cosmetic procedures may result in health complications or addiction to altering one's appearance.

Ethical Perspective

The ethical aspect of plastic surgery revolves around questions of autonomy, consent, and societal pressure. It is important to consider whether individuals are making an informed decision without being coerced by societal influences. Additionally, ethical debates often arise regarding age restrictions, the role of advertising, and access to affordable and safe procedures.

Societal Perspective

Plastic surgery also has societal implications, which include its portrayal in the media, cultural norms, and the influence it has on social perceptions of beauty. Discussing these aspects in your argumentative essay can provide a broader context and shed light on the wider implications of plastic surgery.

Structuring and Writing Your Argumentative Essay

Now that we have explored the different perspectives surrounding plastic surgery, it's time to delve into the process of structuring and writing your argumentative essay. Here are some key steps to help you create a compelling piece:

1. Research Thoroughly

Before starting your essay, it is crucial to conduct comprehensive research from reputable sources. Gather evidence, statistics, case studies, and expert opinions to support your arguments effectively. Thorough research will not only enhance the credibility of your essay but also strengthen your ability to counter opposing viewpoints.

2. Develop a Clear Thesis Statement

A strong thesis statement is the foundation of an effective argumentative essay. Clearly articulate your stance on the topic of plastic surgery and summarize the key arguments you will present throughout your essay. Make sure your thesis statement is concise, specific, and thought-provoking.

3. Organize Your Arguments

Use logical reasoning to organize your arguments in a clear and coherent manner. Start by introducing a strong claim, followed by supporting evidence, and counterarguments. Use transition words and phrases to ensure a smooth flow between paragraphs and enhance the overall readability of your essay.

4. Address Counterarguments

An effective argumentative essay acknowledges and addresses counterarguments. Anticipate opposing viewpoints and provide a rational response to strengthen your position. This demonstrates critical thinking and shows that you have considered multiple perspectives before forming your own opinion.

5. Provide Real-Life Examples and Case Studies

Enhance the credibility of your argumentative essay by incorporating real-life examples and well-documented case studies. Personal stories, testimonials, and interviews with individuals who have undergone plastic surgery can provide valuable insights and add depth to your essay.

6. Maintain a Neutral Tone and Professional Language

When writing your essay, it is important to maintain a neutral tone and use professional language. Avoid personal biases or derogatory remarks towards any individual or group. Present your arguments objectively, relying on factual information and logical reasoning.

Examples of Plastic Surgery Argumentative Essays

To inspire and guide you in writing your own plastic surgery argumentative essay, we have included samples from our team of experienced writers:

Sample 1: The Pros and Cons of Cosmetic Surgery

In this essay, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of cosmetic surgery, exploring its impact on physical appearance, self-esteem, and overall well-being.

Sample 2: Ethical Considerations in Plastic Surgery

By examining the ethical aspects surrounding plastic surgery, this essay delves into questions of autonomy, consent, and societal pressure. It highlights the importance of ethical decision-making in the plastic surgery industry.

Sample 3: The Media's Influence on Body Image Perception

This essay explores the role of the media in shaping society's perception of beauty and its impact on individuals' body image. It delves into the potential consequences of unrealistic beauty standards and the increasing demand for plastic surgery.

We hope these samples provide valuable insights and serve as a starting point for your own plastic surgery argumentative essay. Remember, research, thorough analysis, and a well-structured argument are key to creating a compelling and informative piece.

Writing a plastic surgery argumentative essay can be a challenging task, but with the right approach and resources, you can create a piece that stands out from the rest. The Knowledge Nest's comprehensive guide equips you with valuable tips, samples, and expert advice to help you navigate this subject with confidence. Whether you are a student, researcher, or simply interested in the topic, your essay has the potential to contribute to a meaningful discussion surrounding plastic surgery and its various dimensions.

No matter where you stand on this topic, engaging in a respectful and evidence-based dialogue is crucial. By presenting well-researched arguments, addressing counterarguments, and providing real-life examples, you can craft a compelling piece that captures attention and adds value to the ongoing conversation about plastic surgery.

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Writing Prompts about Plastic Surgery

• 🗃️ Essay topics
• ❓ Research questions
• 📝 Topic sentences
• 🪝 Essay hooks
• 📑 Thesis statements
• 🔀 Hypothesis examples
• 🧐 Personal statements

🔗 References

🗃️ plastic surgery essay topics.

• The history and evolution of plastic surgery.
• Ethical considerations in plastic surgery.
• Exploring the psychological effects of plastic surgery and self-image.
• Plastic surgery and cultural beauty standards.
• Understanding the connection between plastic surgery and body dysmorphia.
• The role of plastic surgery in gender identity and transition.
• The risks and complications of plastic surgery.
• Media promotion of cosmetic surgery in women.
• Plastic surgery as a form of self-expression and personal motivation.
• Plastic surgery and societal perceptions of beauty.
• Meeting the demands of an aging society with plastic surgery.
• Plastic surgery and its impact on self-esteem and quality of life.
• The influence of social media on plastic surgery trends.
• Plastic surgery and its impact on interpersonal relationships.
• Exploring the implications of seeking plastic surgery abroad.
• Plastic surgery and examining the ethics of borrowing aesthetics.
• The economic impacts of the body modification industry.
• The role of plastic surgery in reconstructive procedures.
• Plastic surgery and its influence on gender roles and expectations.
• The role of plastic surgery in addressing congenital anomalies.
• Plastic surgery and the intersection of race and beauty ideals.

❓ Essay Questions on Plastic Surgery

• What are the motivations and psychological factors driving individuals to undergo plastic surgery?
• How does plastic surgery impact body image and self-esteem among patients?
• What are the short-term and long-term physical and psychological outcomes of plastic surgery procedures?
• What are the most common types of plastic surgery procedures performed globally?
• How has the demand for plastic surgery changed over time, and what factors contribute to these changes?
• What are the cultural and societal influences on attitudes toward plastic surgery?
• What are the risks and complications associated with different plastic surgery procedures?
• What are the ethical considerations surrounding plastic surgery, particularly in cases of elective procedures?
• How effective are non-surgical alternatives to traditional plastic surgery procedures?
• What role does plastic surgery play in the treatment and management of physical deformities or injuries?
• What are the economic implications of the plastic surgery industry, including costs, revenues, and market trends?
• How do cultural and societal beauty standards influence the demand for and acceptance of plastic surgery?
• What are the factors influencing patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction with plastic surgery outcomes?
• How do gender and identity intersect with the motivations, experiences, and outcomes of plastic surgery?
• How accessible and affordable is plastic surgery for different socioeconomic groups and regions?

📝 Topic Sentences about Plastic Surgery

• The increasing popularity of plastic surgery has sparked debates regarding its ethical implications and societal impact.
• Plastic surgery, once considered a taboo topic, has become a cultural phenomenon driven by media influence and the pursuit of perfection.
• Advancements in plastic surgery techniques and technologies have revolutionized the field, offering individuals a wider range of options for aesthetic enhancement and self-improvement.

🪝 Top Hooks for Plastic Surgery Paper

📍 autobiography hooks about plastic surgery.

• In my journey through life, I never expected plastic surgery to become a chapter in my autobiography. Little did I know that a desire for change would lead me down a path of transformations, both physical and emotional, revealing the complex layers of self-perception and societal pressures.
• As I reflect on the chapters of my life, the pages of my autobiography unveil the unexpected twists and turns that brought me to the world of plastic surgery. From insecurities to newfound confidence, this is the story of how I reshaped my appearance and my perception of myself.

📍 Definition Hooks for Essay on Plastic Surgery

• Plastic surgery, often referred to as cosmetic surgery, is a specialized branch of medical science that focuses on enhancing or altering a person’s physical appearance through surgical procedures. It involves reshaping, reconstructing, or rejuvenating various body parts to improve aesthetic appeal or address functional concerns.
• Plastic surgery, also known as aesthetic surgery, encompasses a range of surgical procedures aimed at enhancing or modifying an individual’s physical features. It involves altering or reshaping body structures to achieve desired aesthetic outcomes, addressing concerns related to appearance, symmetry, proportion, or function.

📍 Statistical Hooks on Plastic Surgery for Essay

• Did you know that the number of plastic surgery procedures performed globally reached a staggering 23 million in 2020? This statistic highlights the increasing popularity of cosmetic enhancements, shedding light on the evolving attitudes and desires toward physical appearance in contemporary society.
• According to recent statistics, the demand for plastic surgery has soared, with a 45% increase in procedures over the past decade. With over 17 million surgical and non-surgical interventions performed each year, it is clear that the quest for aesthetic enhancement is on the rise.

📍 Question Hooks on Plastic Surgery

• What are the societal implications of the growing popularity of plastic surgery? Does it promote self-acceptance and empowerment, or does it reinforce harmful beauty standards and create a culture of conformity?
• Is the pursuit of perfection through plastic surgery a reflection of personal empowerment and autonomy, or does it reveal society’s obsession with physical appearance and the pressures to conform to unrealistic beauty standards?

📑 Top Plastic Surgery Thesis Statements

✔️ argumentative thesis on plastic surgery.

• Plastic surgery, when approached responsibly and with proper medical guidance, can be a transformative tool that enhances self-esteem, corrects physical anomalies, and improves overall well-being, empowering individuals to feel more confident and comfortable in their own skin.
• Plastic surgery, while offering potential benefits in terms of physical transformation and self-confidence, raises ethical concerns about societal beauty standards, potential risks, and the impact on mental well-being, highlighting the need for critical evaluation and responsible decision-making.

✔️ Analytical Thesis Examples about Plastic Surgery

• An analytical exploration of plastic surgery examines the cultural, psychological, and societal factors that influence the decision to undergo cosmetic procedures, as well as the implications for body image, self-esteem, and the medical profession’s ethical responsibilities.
• An analytical examination of plastic surgery delves into the motivations, outcomes, and social implications of cosmetic procedures, considering factors such as societal beauty standards, body image dissatisfaction, psychological well-being, and the influence of media and advertising on perceptions of beauty.

✔️ Informative Thesis Samples about Plastic Surgery

• Plastic surgery, as a medical specialty aimed at enhancing or reconstructing physical features, plays a significant role in addressing medical conditions, improving self-esteem, and facilitating the emotional well-being of individuals, while also raising important ethical considerations surrounding body image and societal beauty standards.
• Plastic surgery, a branch of medicine focused on altering and enhancing physical appearance, provides individuals with options for improving their aesthetic features, correcting deformities, and restoring function while raising questions about the impact on body image and psychological well-being.

🔀 Plastic Surgery Hypothesis Examples

• Undergoing plastic surgery will lead to increased self-esteem and improved body satisfaction among individuals.
• The satisfaction with the outcome of plastic surgery is positively correlated with the perceived improvement in physical appearance among patients.

🔂 Null & Alternative Hypothesis about Plastic Surgery

• Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference in psychological well-being between individuals who undergo plastic surgery and those who do not.
• Alternative hypothesis: Individuals who undergo plastic surgery experience a significant improvement in psychological well-being compared to those who do not undergo any cosmetic procedures.

🧐 Examples of Personal Statement about Plastic Surgery

• As an aspiring medical student with a passion for plastic surgery, I am driven by the desire to make a lasting impact on individuals’ lives through transformative procedures. Witnessing the profound effect plastic surgery can have on enhancing self-esteem and restoring confidence, I am dedicated to honing my skills and knowledge to become a compassionate and skilled plastic surgeon. By combining my innate creativity with scientific expertise, I aim to contribute to the field by developing innovative techniques that prioritize patient safety and satisfaction.
• As a student with a deep fascination for the field of plastic surgery, I am captivated by its transformative potential to enhance both physical appearance and emotional well-being. Witnessing the profound impact that plastic surgeons have on their patients’ lives, I am inspired to pursue a career in this specialized field. From a young age, I have been drawn to the intersection of artistry and science. Plastic surgery provides the perfect blend of these passions, allowing me to utilize my creativity while applying intricate surgical techniques to help individuals achieve their aesthetic goals.
• Does plastic surgery need a rewiring? A survey and systematic review on robotic-assisted surgery
• Perception of plastic surgery in the society
• Minors and Cosmetic Surgery: An Argument for State Intervention
• What could we make of AI in plastic surgery education
• Recent Trends and Future Directions for the Integrated Plastic Surgery Match

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Essays on Plastic Surgery

Plastic surgery: Introduction Plastic surgery can be defined as the surgical specialty involving the reconstruction, restoration or alteration of a human body. Plastic surgery can be divided into two categories: reconstructive surgery which includes hand surgery, craniofacial surgery, microsurgery as well as the treatment of burns. The second one is the...

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Investigating the credibility of a lookup follows several aspects like the readers' appeal, use of credible sources and use of convincing facts and facts. Furnham and Levitas article on ""Factors that motivate people to undergo surgery"" is a applicable article for analysis. The author researches on the elements making people...

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Home — Essay Samples — Nursing & Health — Plastic Surgery — Arguments In Favor Of Plastic Surgery

Arguments in Favor of Plastic Surgery

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Published: Apr 29, 2022

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• Maalouf, A. (1998). In the Name of Identity: Violence and the Need to Belong. Aeon Retrieved from http://veraznanjemir.bos.rs/materijal/in_the_name_of_identity_-_maalouf.pdf
• Paglia, C (). The Pitfalls of Plastic Surgery. Retrieved from
• The Socialist Health Association (2018, December 4). Plastic surgery pros and cons. The Socialist Health Association. Retrieved from https://www.sochealth.co.uk/sp/cosm/plastic-surgery-pros-and-cons/

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Plastic Surgery Argumentative Essays Samples For Students

6 samples of this type

While studying in college, you will certainly need to write a lot of Argumentative Essays on Plastic Surgery. Lucky you if putting words together and organizing them into meaningful text comes naturally to you; if it's not the case, you can save the day by finding a previously written Plastic Surgery Argumentative Essay example and using it as a model to follow.

This is when you will definitely find WowEssays' free samples database extremely helpful as it contains numerous professionally written works on most various Plastic Surgery Argumentative Essays topics. Ideally, you should be able to find a piece that meets your criteria and use it as a template to develop your own Argumentative Essay. Alternatively, our qualified essay writers can deliver you a unique Plastic Surgery Argumentative Essay model crafted from scratch according to your individual instructions.

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The Plastic Surgery Controversy Research Paper

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Vishal Thakkar, a New Yorker living in Tulsa, Oklahoma, got divorce in 2006. The divorce lowered his self esteem and he decided to “do something selfish” (Thakkar). He made an appointment to see Angelo Cuzalina, who happened to be the 2011 President of the American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery.

Thakkar decided to get a rhinoplasty to bring up his self confidence. After the first surgery he was suffering some breathing problems that was causing him to have problems exercising and sleeping. Between 2006 and 2007, Thakkar had eight surgical interventions before returning to New York. On 2011, Thakkar went back to Tulsa for more surgeries. He was put to sleep in order for the surgeon to work on his nose.

By the time he woke up his nose was completely gone. Dr. Cuzalina told Thakkar that “there was an infection” (2011) and since he was on the table he had to make a decision. Since this incident happened, Vishal Thakkar has been covering his face with medical masks. His self esteem is now on the floor. Thakkar stated “ There is no way I am going to live like this. It is worse than being dead”. Experts have divided opinions about whether or not enhancement plastic surgeries should be performed so openly.

One may think that aesthetic surgeries are procedures that has recently started to be performed to help patients to boost their self esteem, but in reality these kind of interventions have been performed since the year 800 AC in India.

According to Charles Tipton, Professor of the Department of Physiology at the University of Arizona, “Ancient India used skin grafts for facial reconstruction”. This procedure was an innovation used by Sushruta. Charles Tipton refers to Sushruta as the father of Surgery. Sushruta wrote several texts related to surgical interventions.

For several centuries, India was well known for its reconstructive surgical methods. Joseph Carpue, a british physician, spent 20 years in India to learn their methods. According to hematologist and medical journalist Stephen Lock, in 1815, Carpue was the first person to perform and succeed to do a rhinoplasty.

The plastic surgery revolution occurred during the Civil War. According to R. Backstein, B. Sc. and A. Hinek, M. Sc., as a consequence of the war, many soldiers were disfigured and Dr. Gurdon Buck performed 32 plastic operations to reconstruct the soldiers faces. Gurdon Buck is now considered the father of modern plastic surgery.

On 1920, the American Society of Plastic Surgery was founded by Dr. J. Maliniac and Dr. G. Aufricht, as stated on the website of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. By 1930, the ASPS was able to create the American Board of Plastic Surgery, which role is to license physicians that qualify and meet the requirements to practice as plastic surgeons.

The ASPS continued to grow and in 1946, Dr. G. Aufricht launched the first edition of the Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Paul Schnur, MD (ASPS historian and former ASPS president), said “the journal has been used by surgeons to spread their knowledge and discoveries”. This journal is meant to be from surgeons to surgeons.

The 1960s became the decade were many scientific developments occurred. One of these discoveries was a new element, Silicone. At first, it was used to correct skin imperfections, but since it could be manufactured in different forms ranging from liquid to solid, Thomas Cronin, MD, began to used the gel form of Silicon to do breast implants. It became popular in society.

During mid 1970s and 1990s, a chain of negative events occurred and the usage of Silicon was affected. According to ASPS historian, Pamela Hait, the Food and Drug Administration got permission to regulate medical devices. Therefore, the FDA, turned silicon breast implants a level III device, forcing manufacturers to perform and provide scientific reports about the safety of breast implants.

In 1990, journalist Connie Chung made a report about the “horrors of breast implant”. This report sparked a wave of concern between women. the societies’ concern had an impact on the FDA. The FDA, announced that breast implants would be only available to women needing breast reconstruction. In other words, optional silicone breast implant was not available to the public.

Saline breast implants became the option for women but its popularity was not as good as the silicone due to the lack of natural feeling. In 2002, Botox, a non-invasive kind of plastic surgery, was approved by the FDA. Twelve years after Silicone was banned, the FDA approved to return silicon implants.

Recent multi-procedural statistics released by the ASPS shows that since 1997 the popularity of plastic surgery has increased 250%. The study shows that in 2012, the most popular procedures in ranking were breast augmentation, followed by liposuction, tummy tucks, eyelid surgery and rhinoplasty. 90% of all procedures were performed on women.

Top 3 cosmetic procedures for women were: breast augmentation, liposuction, and tummy tuck. On the other hand, men conform the other 10% of all procedures done during 2012. Top 3 cosmetic procedures for men were: liposuction, rhinoplasty, and eyelid surgery.

Robert Rey is one of the most famous plastic surgeons in the USA. He stars in a reality show Dr 90210 and performs numerous procedures (Cassimatis, 2007). Dr. Rey believes that the world has always been preoccupied with beauty.

He says, “Nothing changed in 2000 years . [i]n Asia they used to bind girls feet and here I am stuffing silicone balloons inside women’s chests” (Cassimatis, 2007, p. 78). Dr. Rey also believes that people want to be happy and being beautiful is one of the ways to become happy. He claims, “My goal is to make the patient happy with the least amount of damage” (Cassimatis, 2007, p. 79).

Dr. Gregory R.D. Evans is one of the most successful plastic surgeons in the US. He is currently the President of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS). Dr. Evans believes that plastic surgery is really important as it helps numerous people become satisfied with their life.

However, the surgeon also stresses that the field is overwhelmed with a variety of myths which can negatively affect people’s attitude towards the plastic surgery. He claims, “It’s my job to try to clear up the myths and make sure each patient is clear about the benefits and risks” (“Gregory R.D. Evans,” n.d.). Dr. Evans insists on being professional and truthful as he thinks that it is crucial for the patient to know the outcomes of the surgery.

Dr. Evans states that people do not know what exactly they want and why they want to undergo the procedure. Thus, they do not know what to expect from the procedure. This is what leads to dissatisfaction and further problems. He adds, “I prefer an educated patient – one who has done some homework before we meet” (“Gregory R.D. Evans,” n.d.).

Canice E. Crerand, Ph.D., Martin E. Franklin, Ph.D. and David B. Sarwer, Ph.D are professionals in the field of psychiatry. They claim that plastic surgery leads to life satisfaction and better psychological state even in BBD patients (excluding cases of severe BBD symptoms).

Canice et al. (2006, p. 176) argue that “cosmetic treatments may benefit some persons with body dysmorphic disorder”. The researchers conducted a profound research and found that “[c]osmetic treatments in conjunction with appropriate psychiatric care may prove to be an effective treatment combination for body dysmorphic disorder” (Canice et al., 2006, p. 176).

Joan Rivers is a famous Hollywood actress. She became popular in the 1960s and she has been in the spotlight since then. The celebrity is 80 this year. She has also confessed that she is a surgery addict. She has undergone more than 700 surgeries and she is not going to stop.

She claims that she believes in plastic surgery as it helps her be the person she wants to be. Joan Rivers often attends surgery clinics. She always wants to look better and to have something done. She is eager to change as often as possible. She says, “Every weekend I just go in and I do something” (Stephenson, 2013).

It is noteworthy that her surgeon tries to persuade her that she does not need more surgeries. However, the celebrity keeps coming and asking for new procedures. Joan Rivers does not think there is anything about her addiction. She wants to look nice and be as attractive as any other celebrity in Hollywood. Besides, Rivers stresses that she is not the only one to resort to plastic surgery. She notes, “I have done what everyone does in California” (Stephenson, 2013).

Those in opposition of plastic surgery and it’s recoil include support from a medical doctor of psychology, an infamous feminist, a Jewish scholar, and famous actresses. Vivian Diller, Ph.D. was a professional dancer and model in her adolescence. She chose instead to pursue a career as a psychologist. Diller has served as a media expert on many shows including NBC, ABC, CBS and CNN discussing the topic of women and aging.

Furthermore, she has been published in a number of magazines and newspapers including Oprah, Forbes, and LA Times Daily and published her own book called Face It: What Women Really Feel As Their Looks Change, which explores the emotional changes women experience as their physical appearance changes. Plastic surgery is often advertised as a way for people to “fix” their insecurities, but in recent studies, that is not seeming to be the outcome.

Diller (2012) reports, “A growing number of women in my practice express frustration for having paid dearly, both financially and emotionally, for procedures that leave them feeling uncomfortable and insecure.” Instead of helping women becoming more comfortable in their own skin, plastic surgery is making women feel increasingly unlike themselves and regretful that they changed their natural appearance.

This out-of-body feeling is presenting itself to satisfied and dissatisfied patients alike. “Even women who feel surgery changed their lives or those who are simply satisfied with the results often say they were not prepared for the physical and psychological ups and downs involved in the whole process” (Diller, 2012). Plastic surgery is not a quick fix for insecurities, it is a mask for much deeper psychological issues.

Yale graduate and outspoken feminist Naomi Wolf is also a firm believer in leaving a woman’s body natural. She has been featured in a number of publications including The New Republic, Wall Street Journal, Glamour, Ms., Esquire, The Washington Post, and The New York Times. She is a group speaker across the nation and has written several books, including The Beauty Myth, which address plastic surgery as a much more serious issue then it is made to be in today’s day and age.

Wolf believes that the plastic surgeons sugar coat the realities of surgery to the patients (1991, pg. 257). She voices that, “Surgery changes one forever, the mind as well as the body” (1991, pg. 257). Many see plastic surgery as a physical change to strive for physical perfect so that in turn emotional hiatus can be reached, instead of simply being satisfied with what we are given in the physical form.

She expresses, “If we don’t start to speak of it as serious, the millennium of the man-made woman will be upon us, and we will have had no choice” (1991, pg. 257). In contrast to the idea that plastic surgery can take “The Ugly Duckling” and make her into the “Swan Princess” in just an hour on the television series The Swan, Wolf sees these surgeries as life and body altering, not just a quick and easy fix.

Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda Waldenberg is a very well renowned Rabbi in the Jewish community and is the author of a multivolume set of responses dealing mostly with medical issues and Jewish law called Tzitz Eliezer. Rabbi Waldenberg believe that surgery should not be performed on anyone if the patient is not in pain or ill.

In Eisenberg’s article Judaism and cosmetic surgery, he expresses Rabbi Waldenberg’s opinion, “He argues that such activities are outside the boundaries of the physician’s mandate to heal (since he questions whether cosmetic surgery is truly included in the category of healing)” (2006).

According to Jewish law, surgery should only be used for healing the body and a physician should only be willing to perform a surgery that is healing to the patient. He further explains that a patient should not even ask a physician to inflict pain on themselves for personal gain.

This idea is against the religious views that Rabbi Waldenberg restates, “God creates each person in His image, exactly as he or she should be, with nothing extra nor anything lacking. He therefore posits that cosmetic surgery that is not for pain or true illness is an affront to God and is forbidden” (Eisenberg, 2006). According to Rabbi Waldenberg, plastic surgery is unacceptable and intolerable in the eyes of God.

British actress, Academy Award Winner, and shining star of the 1997 tragedy, Titanic, Kate Winslet, also known as “The Golden Girl” is an icon in the movie industry for her beauty and elegance (Vallely, 2009). Winslet, along with a few of her other movie star friends, Rachel Weisz And Emma Thompson, have taken a stand and formed the Anti-Cosmetic Surgery League because they prefers to look natural and age gracefully.

In the Huffington Post, journalist Ellie Krupnick (2011) quoted Winslet “I will never give in… [Cosmetic surgery] goes against my morals, the way that my parents brought me up and what I consider to be natural beauty.” Instead of succumbing to the pressures of fame, fortune, and the want most celebrities posses to look younger as each birthday passes, Winslet simply wants to be in her own skin and is comfortable all the while.

In addition, Krupnick explains that, “Winslet, famous for her curvy, womanly physique, argued that she was raised to appreciate ‘natural beauty’ and doesn’t want, as an actress, to have cosmetic surgery or botox ‘freeze the expression’ of her face” (Hutchison, 2011). Not only does she want to be natural for herself and her own morals, she feels that it is necessary to remain natural in that industry for her to put out her best possible work.

To sum up, it is possible to note that plastic surgery has been a burning issue for decades. Notably, it came into existence as the means of diminishing consequences of a variety of injuries in the second part of the 19 th century. At present, many people resort to it to remove consequences of injuries or various disorders. However, the popularity of plastic surgery has increased significantly since the late 20 th century.

Women as well as men strive for better looks. They claim that changes in their appearance can make them happier and more satisfied with their life. Nonetheless, there are those who argue that plastic surgery cannot be a solution to emotional problems as it only masks real issues. Many people claim that it is against moral rules and different religious beliefs to alter the human body.

Admittedly, there are opposing views on the matter even though it seems opponent of plastic surgery are winning the struggle. Development of medicine and technology has enabled people to address a variety of issues related to health. In many cases, plastic surgery is the only way out, but many people abuse it. At any rate, the use of plastic surgery is the matter of choice and morality. Each person should make his/her choices.

However, it is crucial to remain responsible, sensible and moral. The ongoing debate on the matter suggests that the society is torn between the two camps. However, the discussion can also make people understand that they need to focus on development of their souls rather than on artificial improvements of their bodies. Development is a hard work which leads to improvement in the entire human society. The ongoing debate will help people understand this.

ABS Overview | American Board of Surgery. Web.

Backstein, R. & Hinek, A. (2005). War and Medicine: The Origins of Plastic Surgery.University of Toronto Medical Journal, 82(3).

Cassimatis, G. (2007). Meet Dr 90210. OK! Web.

Crerand, C. E., Franklin, M. E., & Sarwer, D. B. (2006). Hyperplastic Breast Anomalies in the Female Adolescent Breast. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 118(7), 167-180.

Diller, Ph.D., V. (2012). Cosmetic surgery—proceed with caution . Web.

Eisenberg, M. D., D. (2006). Judaism and cosmetic surgery . Web.

Gregory R. D. Evans, MD, FACS. Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery Institute. Web.

The History of Plastic Surgery | American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Web.

Hutchison, C. (2011). Curvy kate winslet speaks out against cosmetic surgery . Web.

Lock, S., Last, J. M., & Dunea, G. (2001). The Oxford illustrated companion to medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

News Releases – Statistics, Surveys & Trends – ASAPS Press Center – Cosmetic Procedures Increase in 2012. Web.

Stephenson, A. (2013). Self-confessed surgery addict Joan Rivers celebrates 80th birthday . Web.

Tipton, C. M. (2008). Susruta of India, an unrecognized contributor to the history of exercise physiology . Journal of Applied Physiology, 104(6). Web.

Vallely, Paul (2009). Kate Winslet: The Golden Girl: The Independent. Web.

Wolf, N. (1991). The beauty myth: How images of beauty are used against women. (1st ed., p. 257). New York, NY: First Perennial.

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IvyPanda. (2022, December 7). The Plastic Surgery Controversy. https://ivypanda.com/essays/plastic-surgery/

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IvyPanda . (2022) 'The Plastic Surgery Controversy'. 7 December.

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1. IvyPanda . "The Plastic Surgery Controversy." December 7, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/plastic-surgery/.

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Turkey's plastic surgery boom

Ever more people are visiting Turkey from abroad for nose jobs, hair transplants and similar procedures. Prices are low, but what are the risks?

"I wanted a nose job since turning 13. I heard Turkish doctors were good at them. A few girlfriends of mine had similar surgeries; they were very satisfied." Benita Paloja, a 28-year-old woman from the United States, decided to do as her friends had done and flew to  Turkey  to get cosmetic surgery on her nose. She says she paid just €4,600 and was able to fly home a week later.

Paloja, who works in the finance industry and as a part-time model, is pleased she had the surgery. She says she feels more confident today and has been hired for more modelling gigs. She also enthusiastically recalls the comprehensive care she received at the clinic. She says she is still in touch with the medical team. 

"I could have had the same surgery in the U.S. for €27,800, though I certainly wouldn't have received the kind of attention and care I did in Turkey," says Paloja.

A real boom

Turkey has seen a medical tourism boom since the  COVID-19  pandemic. In 2021, over 670,000 foreigners visited Turkey to receive medical treatment, according to the country's state-owned International Health Services (USHAS) agency. One year later, that number rose to over 1.25 million, an increase of 88%. In the first six months of 2023, the figures remained similarly high. 

Turkish health care facilities are generating considerable revenue from this international business, totaling more than €1.85 billion in 2022. Revenue fell slightly in the first half of 2023, though experts believe this was primarily due to  Turkey's devastating February earthquake , which claimed the lives of more than 50,000 people.

Germans top the list

In 2022, most foreigners seeking medical treatment in Turkey hailed from  Germany , followed by  Britain  and  Switzerland , according to the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS). Botox and hyaluronic acid treatments for combating wrinkles were the most popular nonsurgical procedures among foreigners in Turkey. The top three surgical procedures were liposuction, rhinoplasty and breast augmentation.

Turkey has also become ever more attractive for leg lengthening procedures. It is especially popular with men from the West who want to be taller. One of those who underwent the procedure is 31-year-old Ash (not his actual name) from the United States, who until recently was dissatisfied with his body proportions. After undergoing surgery, he has gained 12 centimetres in height and is now 184 centimetres tall.

Ash says he feels much better now, though he admits that "it was a very painful procedure and the recovery phase took an incredibly long time". Even so, he says it was worth it. Ash says his chances when flirting have improved, and he now enjoys more respect from others. 

Yunus Oc, an experienced Istanbul-based orthopaedic surgeon, says he has performed more than 200 leg lengthening procedures in the past two years alone. "I used to mainly perform this procedure for medical reasons following accidents or because of growth disorders or short stature," he says. 

In recent years, however, more and more people have sought him out for cosmetic rather than medical reasons, Oc says. He thinks the number of these surgeries will continue to rise over the next three to five years.  But he warns that, unlike with nose or breast surgeries, leg lengthening procedures can have very serious consequences if the desired results are not achieved.

Poisoning following botox stomach treatments

There has been a growing number of reports about complications resulting from cosmetic surgery performed in Turkey. A year ago, Germany's public health agency, the Robert Koch Institute, reported that some 27 people had suffered poisoning following a botox stomach treatment. The procedure involves injecting botox into the stomach lining to create a prolonged feeling of satiety. The treatment caused serious side effects in some patients, including muscle weakness, blurred vision, breathing difficulties and sometimes paralysis.

In mid-January, a Brazilian butt lift had deadly consequences for a British woman. The mother of three went to Istanbul for the cosmetic surgery and suffered a fatal heart attack four days later that was triggered by a fat embolism, according to British media. The procedure involves removing fat from the patient's body and using it plump up and enlarge the buttocks.

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Turkey is considerably cheaper

Do such incidents indicate that Turkish doctors or clinics are not professional enough? Dr. Susanne Punsmann, an expert with the North Rhine-Westphalia Consumer Advice Centre in Germany, advises against generalisations, saying "there are good and bad [healthcare] facilities in Turkey, just like everywhere else". Punsmann points out that the title of "cosmetic surgeon" is not protected by law.

She recommends that anyone interested in getting treatment in Turkey thoroughly check the doctors' qualifications or find out how often they have already performed the planned procedure. Punsmann also says that doctors with the relevant qualifications are known as "specialists in plastic and aesthetic surgery". 

She adds, however, that "other doctors – usually surgeons, dermatologists or gynaecologists – are also allowed to perform cosmetic surgery".

She says it is also important to check whether the doctor or clinic is certified according to European standards, such as the ISO standards, indicating that the clinic is regularly inspected, among other things. Patients should also find out about the materials or laboratory used, according to Punsmann.

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Watch out for non-certified clinics

Ali Ihsan Okten of the Turkish Medical Association (TTB) says one should be careful about non-certified clinics. He warns that the health tourism boom is causing an increasing commercialisation of the industry.

The market is highly competitive. Clincs are using aggressive advertising tactics, sending out text and WhatsApp messages and promoting their low prices to attract customers around the world. "The key criterion for getting treatment in Turkey is often the low cost," says Punsmann. "Savings of up to 70% are possible." She says that while a breast augmentation procedure will cost at least €4,500 in Germany, such a procedure can be had for as little as €2,500 in Turkey. 

In Dusseldorf, Germany, getting a surgical procedure to reduce the size of one's stomach costs around €12,500, whereas in Turkey it costs only a third of that price. This means you can save a lot of money in Turkey, especially on expensive procedures. 

But these savings may increase the willingness of some people to take greater risks. 

Elmas Topcu & Aynur Tekin

© Deutsche Welle 2024

Earth Day 2024: Planet Vs. Plastic

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Born in 1970, Earth Day has evolved into one of the largest civic events of all time. When we observe the 54 th Earth Day on April 22, the health and safety of the planet couldn’t be timelier, especially when it comes to dealing with the proliferation of plastic.

Over the past 60 years, around eight billion tons of plastic has been produced, according to a recent study in the journal Science Advances — 90.5 per cent of which has not been recycled . As a result, this year’s Earth Day theme— “Planet vs. Plastic”— demands a 60% reduction in the production of all plastics by 2040.

Just how big of a challenge is this? What type of numbers are we talking about? Here’s some perspective:

• In 1950, the world produced just two million tons of plastic. We now produce over 450 million tons .
• Half of all plastics ever manufactured have been made in the last 15 years.
• P roduction is expected to double by 2050.
• More than one million plastic water bottles are sold every minute.
• Every year, about 11 million tons of plastic waste escapes into the ocean.
• Only 9% of plastics ever produced has been recycled.
• Plastics often contain additives that can extend the life of products, with some estimates ranging to at least 400 years to break down.

Plastic is literally everywhere

An advertisement from the American Plastics Council in a 1997 edition of the New Yorker suggested that plastic wrappers and containers were the “sixth food group” that were there to keep contaminates out of our food.

Close up shot of microplastics on a hand.

In a twisted type of irony, Microplastics are now in almost everything and everywhere. Even in in much of the food we eat and water we drink! Microplastics are tiny particles of plastic (from ½ inch to microscopic) is synthetic that never disappears. As Stephen Jamieson recently explained in a Future of Supply Chain podcast, “We're ingesting a credit card size worth of plastic every single week as humans, and the real health impacts of that, we don't truly know and don't truly understand.”

What is the world doing about it?

In the Podcast, Stephen discussed the upcoming fourth session of the United Nations Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee he is attending in Ottawa, Canada from 23rd to the 29th of April. The goal is to develop an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment, that will, as Stephen stated, “by early next year, actually ratify a new treaty at the United Nations to eliminate plastic pollution by 2040”.

What can businesses do about it?

Think about optimizing your entire supply chain for sustainability, rather than just individual functions.

For example, you may be pulling certain levers in your design processes, or manufacturing plants, only to realize that the sustainability gains in that process are offset by much a much larger negative impact on logistics or at the end of life of a product.

Perform Life Cycle Assessments on your products

A Life Cycle Assessment is a method for the compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product throughout its life cycle (ISO standard 14040).

In simple terms, it’s a way by which you can understand the sustainability footprint of a product throughout it’s full lifecycle, from “cradle to grave.”

By enabling product footprints periodically across the entire product lifecycle, you can gain insights on the environmental impacts of your products across the entire lifecycle for disclosure and internal product and process optimization.

Design with end of life in mind

As Earthday.org says, “We need to invest in innovative technologies and materials to build a plastic-free world”.

And this starts with how we design products and packaging material in the goods we manufacture and deliver. The sooner we phase out all single use plastics, the better. We need responsible design and production solutions that facilitate a product and package redesign that enables companies to engage in the circular economy and reduces waste without sacrificing quality.

Enforce compliance at each step of the product lifecycle

If you look at most companies’ website for their mission statement or purpose, sustainability is front and center. And supply chain sits right in the middle, both as a major contributor to the problem, and a major opportunity to improve.

But you can’t manage regulatory and sustainability requirements, track registrations and substance volumes, classify products, and create compliance documents, as well as package, transport, and store hazardous materials properly with accurate labeling you won’t be able to measure how you are performing.

This takes a stepwise approach to:

Record: The first step is to gather all necessary ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) data along the entire value chain. This data cannot be found easily in one single system. Currently this is a highly manual and therefore time consuming effort compounded by data quality challenges.

Report: There are more than 600 ESG frameworks/standards out there and they are being constantly developed further (Take the evolving plastics taxes across Europe for example). The requirements for companies are constantly changing. A high effort is required to keep up with the current requirements to report along the respective regulatory & voluntary frameworks.

Act: In many companies sustainability action is already happening but in many cases this this is still partly disjoint from the strategy or not yet covering all business processes

What can we as individuals do about it?

The reality is that everybody has a role to play in the “Planet vs. Plastics battle, and the sustainability of the planet in general.

Little things like using reusable bottles and straws and bringing reusable bags to the store are great first step.

You can also go to earthday.org to learn more about the battle between planet vs. plastics, and find an event near you where you can help clean up the planet.

Let’s make every day Earth Day, to protect this beautiful rock we live on for future generations.

To learn more, listen to The Future of Supply Chain Podcast – Earth vs. Planet .

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South Korea Introduces A Bizarre New Plastic Surgery Trend That Even Koreans Find Alarming

It is no secret that South Korea is a pilgrimage in the true sense of the word for those seeking cosmetic surgeries. The strict beauty standards that pretty much decide the life path of even ordinary citizens, coupled with advanced medical research and development, have normalized plastic surgery and other beauty treatments as part and parcel of Korean society.

But even in the context of this culture, a newly introduced cosmetic procedure has netizens scratching their heads over its apparent “insanity.” Recently, a user on the community forum theqoo posted about surgery being heavily promoted in South Korea, and it went viral with over 90,000 views at the time of writing.

The OP’s (original poster) post had compiled multiple ads and promotions of pupil enlarging surgeries, also dubbed as “Eye-ring Surgery.” According to some of the ads, the goal of the surgery is to achieve visually similar effects of wearing circle contact lenses by enlarging the pupil of the eye permanently.

Notably, circle lenses have been in vogue for a while, especially in the K-Pop scene. Idols are often seen sporting these lenses, which can potentially change the complete look of their faces.

The procedure involves inserting a circular silicone ring around the pupil to enlarge it. A clinic offering this procedure promoted it as the first of its kind in the world, developed through seven years of research, following which it was patented. It is also described as a “ simple surgery” done on the white part of the eye without involving the pupil itself.

The OP added that nobody can know about the side effects of this surgery because it was introduced less than a year ago, pointing out potential concerns. The comments, over 850 at the time of writing, largely expressed similar concerns and deemed it excessive.

• “Let’s just live the way we were born, please. Do human beings fear nothing?”
• “Just wear lenses…”
• “It didn’t turn up on Naver, though.”
• “Wow…your eyes can’t even recover naturally. What kind of bullshit is this?”
• “This is super weird…I’m glad everyone else also found it bizarre…”
• “Don’t mess with your eyes…”
• “I couldn’t even go for a LASIK laser surgery because I was scared. You’re telling me people are doing that ?”

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