antithesis noun def

Antithesis Definition

What is antithesis? Here’s a quick and simple definition:

Antithesis is a figure of speech that juxtaposes two contrasting or opposing ideas, usually within parallel grammatical structures. For instance, Neil Armstrong used antithesis when he stepped onto the surface of the moon in 1969 and said, "That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind." This is an example of antithesis because the two halves of the sentence mirror each other in grammatical structure, while together the two halves emphasize the incredible contrast between the individual experience of taking an ordinary step, and the extraordinary progress that Armstrong's step symbolized for the human race.

Some additional key details about antithesis:

• Antithesis works best when it is used in conjunction with parallelism (successive phrases that use the same grammatical structure), since the repetition of structure makes the contrast of the content of the phrases as clear as possible.
• The word "antithesis" has another meaning, which is to describe something as being the opposite of another thing. For example, "love is the antithesis of selfishness." This guide focuses only on antithesis as a literary device.
• The word antithesis has its origins in the Greek word antithenai , meaning "to oppose." The plural of antithesis is antitheses.

How to Pronounce Antithesis

Here's how to pronounce antithesis: an- tith -uh-sis

Antithesis and Parallelism

Often, but not always, antithesis works in tandem with parallelism . In parallelism, two components of a sentence (or pair of sentences) mirror one another by repeating grammatical elements. The following is a good example of both antithesis and parallelism:

To err is human , to forgive divine .

The two clauses of the sentence are parallel because each starts off with an infinitive verb and ends with an adjective ("human" and "divine"). The mirroring of these elements then works to emphasize the contrast in their content, particularly in the very strong opposite contrast between "human" and "divine."

Antithesis Without Parallelism

In most cases, antitheses involve parallel elements of the sentence—whether a pair of nouns, verbs, adjectives, or other grammar elements. However, it is also possible to have antithesis without such clear cut parallelism. In the Temptations Song "My Girl," the singer uses antithesis when he says:

"When it's cold outside , I've got the month of May ."

Here the sentence is clearly cut into two clauses on either side of the comma, and the contrasting elements are clear enough. However, strictly speaking there isn't true parallelism here because "cold outside" and "month of May" are different types of grammatical structures (an adjective phrase and a noun phrase, respectively).

Antithesis vs. Related Terms

Three literary terms that are often mistakenly used in the place of antithesis are juxtaposition , oxymoron , and foil . Each of these three terms does have to do with establishing a relationship of difference between two ideas or characters in a text, but beyond that there are significant differences between them.

Antithesis vs. Juxtaposition

In juxtaposition , two things or ideas are placed next to one another to draw attention to their differences or similarities. In juxtaposition, the pairing of two ideas is therefore not necessarily done to create a relationship of opposition or contradiction between them, as is the case with antithesis. So, while antithesis could be a type of juxtaposition, juxtaposition is not always antithesis.

Antithesis vs. Oxymoron

In an oxymoron , two seemingly contradictory words are placed together because their unlikely combination reveals a deeper truth. Some examples of oxymorons include:

• Sweet sorrow
• Cruel kindness
• Living dead

The focus of antithesis is opposites rather than contradictions . While the words involved in oxymorons seem like they don't belong together (until you give them deeper thought), the words or ideas of antithesis do feel like they belong together even as they contrast as opposites. Further, antitheses seldom function by placing the two words or ideas right next to one another, so antitheses are usually made up of more than two words (as in, "I'd rather be among the living than among the dead").

Antithesis vs. Foil

Some Internet sources use "antithesis" to describe an author's decision to create two characters in a story that are direct opposites of one another—for instance, the protagonist and antagonist . But the correct term for this kind of opposition is a foil : a person or thing in a work of literature that contrasts with another thing in order to call attention to its qualities. While the sentence "the hare was fast, and the tortoise was slow" is an example of antithesis, if we step back and look at the story as a whole, the better term to describe the relationship between the characters of the tortoise and the hare is "foil," as in, "The character of the hare is a foil of the tortoise."

Antithesis Examples

Antithesis in literature.

Below are examples of antithesis from some of English literature's most acclaimed writers — and a comic book!

Antithesis in Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities

In the famous opening lines of A Tale of Two Cities , Dickens sets out a flowing list of antitheses punctuated by the repetition of the word "it was" at the beginning of each clause (which is itself an example of the figure of speech anaphora ). By building up this list of contrasts, Dickens sets the scene of the French Revolution that will serve as the setting of his tale by emphasizing the division and confusion of the era. The overwhelming accumulation of antitheses is also purposefully overdone; Dickens is using hyperbole to make fun of the "noisiest authorities" of the day and their exaggerated claims. The passage contains many examples of antithesis, each consisting of one pair of contrasting ideas that we've highlighted to make the structure clearer.

It was the best of times , it was the worst of times , it was the age of wisdom , it was the age of foolishness , it was the epoch of belief , it was the epoch of incredulity , it was the season of Light , it was the season of Darkness , it was the spring of hope , it was the winter of despair , we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven , we were all going direct the other way —in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.

Antithesis in John Milton's Paradise Lost

In this verse from Paradise Lost , Milton's anti-hero , Satan, claims he's happier as the king of Hell than he could ever have been as a servant in Heaven. He justifies his rebellion against God with this pithy phrase, and the antithesis drives home the double contrast between Hell and Heaven, and between ruling and serving.

Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven.

Antithesis in William Shakespeare's Othello

As the plot of Othello nears its climax , the antagonist of the play, Iago, pauses for a moment to acknowledge the significance of what is about to happen. Iago uses antithesis to contrast the two opposite potential outcomes of his villainous plot: either events will transpire in Iago's favor and he will come out on top, or his treachery will be discovered, ruining him.

This is the night That either makes me or fordoes me quite .

In this passage, the simple word "either" functions as a cue for the reader to expect some form of parallelism, because the "either" signals that a contrast between two things is coming.

Antithesis in William Shakespeare's Hamlet

Shakespeare's plays are full of antithesis, and so is Hamlet's most well-known "To be or not to be" soliloquy . This excerpt of the soliloquy is a good example of an antithesis that is not limited to a single word or short phrase. The first instance of antithesis here, where Hamlet announces the guiding question (" to be or not to be ") is followed by an elaboration of each idea ("to be" and "not to be") into metaphors that then form their own antithesis. Both instances of antithesis hinge on an " or " that divides the two contrasting options.

To be or not to be , that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them ...

Antithesis in T.S. Eliot's "Four Quartets"

In this excerpt from his poem "Four Quartets," T.S. Eliot uses antithesis to describe the cycle of life, which is continuously passing from beginning to end, from rise to fall, and from old to new.

In my beginning is my end . In succession Houses rise and fall , crumble, are extended, Are removed, destroyed, restored, or in their place Is an open field, or a factory, or a by-pass. Old stone to new building , old timber to new fires ...

Antithesis in Green Lantern's Oath

Comic book writers know the power of antithesis too! In this catchy oath, Green Lantern uses antithesis to emphasize that his mission to defeat evil will endure no matter the conditions.

In brightest day , in blackest night , No evil shall escape my sight. Let those who worship evil's might Beware my power—Green lantern's light!

While most instances of antithesis are built around an "or" that signals the contrast between the two parts of the sentence, the Green Lantern oath works a bit differently. It's built around an implied "and" (to be technical, that first line of the oath is an asyndeton that replaces the "and" with a comma), because members of the Green Lantern corps are expressing their willingness to fight evil in all places, even very opposite environments.

Antithesis in Speeches

Many well-known speeches contain examples of antithesis. Speakers use antithesis to drive home the stakes of what they are saying, sometimes by contrasting two distinct visions of the future.

Antithesis in Patrick Henry's Speech to the Second Virginia Convention, 1775

This speech by famous American patriot Patrick Henry includes one of the most memorable and oft-quoted phrases from the era of the American Revolution. Here, Henry uses antithesis to emphasize just how highly he prizes liberty, and how deadly serious he is about his fight to achieve it.

Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take: but as for me, give me liberty or give me death .

Antithesis in Martin Luther King Jr.'s Oberlin Commencement Address

In this speech by one of America's most well-known orators, antithesis allows Martin Luther King Jr. to highlight the contrast between two visions of the future; in the first vision, humans rise above their differences to cooperate with one another, while in the other humanity is doomed by infighting and division.

We must all learn to live together as brothers —or we will all perish together as fools .

Antithesis in Songs

In songs, contrasting two opposite ideas using antithesis can heighten the dramatic tension of a difficult decision, or express the singer's intense emotion—but whatever the context, antithesis is a useful tool for songwriters mainly because opposites are always easy to remember, so lyrics that use antithesis tend to stick in the head.

Antithesis in "Should I Stay or Should I Go" by The Clash (1981)

In this song by The Clash, the speaker is caught at a crossroads between two choices, and antithesis serves as the perfect tool to express just how confused and conflicted he is. The rhetorical question —whether to stay or to go—presents two opposing options, and the contrast between his lover's mood from one day (when everything is "fine") to the next (when it's all "black") explains the difficulty of his choice.

One day it's fine and next it's black So if you want me off your back Well, come on and let me know Should I stay or should I go ? Should I stay or should I go now? Should I stay or should I go now? If I go, there will be trouble If I stay it will be double ...

Antithesis in "My Girl" by the Temptations (1965)

In this song, the singer uses a pair of metaphors to describe the feeling of joy that his lover brings him. This joy is expressed through antithesis, since the singer uses the miserable weather of a cloudy, cold day as the setting for the sunshine-filled month of May that "his girl" makes him feel inside, emphasizing the power of his emotions by contrasting them with the bleak weather.

I've got sunshine on a cloudy day When it's cold outside I've got the month of May Well I guess you'd say, What can make me feel this way? My girl, my girl, my girl Talkin' bout my girl.

Why Do Writers Use Antithesis?

Fundamentally, writers of all types use antithesis for its ability to create a clear contrast. This contrast can serve a number of purposes, as shown in the examples above. It can:

• Present a stark choice between two alternatives.
• Convey magnitude or range (i.e. "in brightest day, in darkest night" or "from the highest mountain, to the deepest valley").
• Express strong emotions.
• Create a relationship of opposition between two separate ideas.
• Accentuate the qualities and characteristics of one thing by placing it in opposition to another.

Whatever the case, antithesis almost always has the added benefit of making language more memorable to listeners and readers. The use of parallelism and other simple grammatical constructions like "either/or" help to establish opposition between concepts—and opposites have a way of sticking in the memory.

Other Helpful Antithesis Resources

• The Wikipedia page on Antithesis : A useful summary with associated examples, along with an extensive account of antithesis in the Gospel of Matthew.
• Sound bites from history : A list of examples of antithesis in famous political speeches from United States history — with audio clips!
• A blog post on antithesis : This quick rundown of antithesis focuses on a quote you may know from Muhammad Ali's philosophy of boxing: "Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee."

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Meaning of antithesis – Learner’s Dictionary

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(Definition of antithesis from the Cambridge Learner's Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)

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antithesis noun

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What does the noun antithesis mean?

There are nine meanings listed in OED's entry for the noun antithesis , two of which are labelled obsolete. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.

antithesis has developed meanings and uses in subjects including

How common is the noun antithesis ?

How is the noun antithesis pronounced, british english, u.s. english, where does the noun antithesis come from.

Earliest known use

Middle English

The earliest known use of the noun antithesis is in the Middle English period (1150—1500).

OED's earliest evidence for antithesis is from around 1450.

antithesis is a borrowing from Latin.

Etymons: Latin antithesis .

Nearby entries

• anti-terror, adj. 1882–
• anti-terrorism, n. 1844–
• anti-terrorist, n. & adj. 1797–
• antitetanic, adj. & n. 1875–
• antithalian, adj. 1818–
• anti-theft, adj. 1834–
• anti-theft movement, n. 1872–
• anti-theism, n. 1788–
• anti-theist, n. & adj. 1627–
• anti-theistic, adj. 1817–
• antithesis, n. c1450–
• antithesism, n. 1816–1919
• antithesistic, adj. 1796–
• antithesize, v. 1790–
• antithesizer, n. 1808–1915
• antithet, n. & adj. 1656–
• antithetic, adj. & n. 1610–
• antithetical, adj. 1582–
• antithetically, adv. 1594–
• antitheton, n. 1550–
• anti-tobacconal, n. 1862–63

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Meaning & use

Pronunciation, compounds & derived words, entry history for antithesis, n..

antithesis, n. was revised in September 2023.

antithesis, n. was last modified in March 2024.

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Revisions and additions of this kind were last incorporated into antithesis, n. in March 2024.

Earlier versions of this entry were published in:

OED First Edition (1885)

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Citation details

Factsheet for antithesis, n., browse entry.

Dictionary Definition of 'antithesis'

A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else. "The concept of war is the antithesis of peace."

Detailed Meaning of 'antithesis'

Antithesis is a literary and rhetorical device that involves the contrasting of two opposing ideas, usually in a balanced sentence. It is a figure of speech in which an opposite or contrasting idea is expressed in parallel structure. The ideas or words in antithesis are in a stark contrast to one another, creating a strong and dramatic effect. For example, "I came, I saw, I conquered" is an example of antithesis, as the three clauses are contrasting in meaning, "I came" and "I conquered" are opposite of one another. Similarly, the phrase "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country," spoken by President John F. Kennedy, is an example of antithesis as the two halves of the sentence are contrasting ideas. Antithesis can also be used to create a sense of tension, irony or paradox. It is often used to emphasize a point, or to make a comparison, to create a sense of balance and symmetry in a sentence or text. Overall, Antithesis is a literary and rhetorical device that is used to create a contrast between two opposing ideas, usually in a balanced sentence, to create a sense of tension, irony or paradox and to emphasize a point.

History and Etymology of 'antithesis'

The noun 'antithesis' has its roots in ancient Greek. It is derived from the Greek words 'anti,' meaning 'against' or 'opposite,' and 'thesis,' which means 'a setting' or 'a position.' In Greek rhetoric and philosophy, 'antithesis' referred to the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas or words within a sentence or argument, creating a sharp contrast to emphasize their differences. Over time, the term 'antithesis' was adopted into English to describe a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else. The etymology of 'antithesis' underscores its historical association with the art of rhetoric and argumentation, where contrasting elements are used to highlight their opposition or difference, illustrating the concept of direct opposition or contrast.

Examples of 'antithesis' in a Sentence

1. Black is the antithesis of white in the color spectrum. 2. In fashion, simplicity can be the antithesis of extravagance. 3. The antagonist is often the antithesis of the protagonist. 4. Freedom is the antithesis of oppression. 5. His loud personality is the antithesis of her quiet one. 6. The fast-paced city is the antithesis of a tranquil village. 7. In literature, the hero is the antithesis of the villain. 8. The dessert's sweetness is the antithesis of savory dishes. 9. Innovation can be the antithesis of tradition. 10. The night's darkness is the antithesis of daylight. 11. The mountain's grandeur is the antithesis of the flat plains. 12. The antithesis of love is indifference. 13. Her love for adventure is the antithesis of his caution. 14. The antique charm of the town is the antithesis of modernity. 15. The speech presented the antithesis of the government's policies. 16. The character's actions were the antithesis of what was expected of him. 17. The design was the antithesis of minimalism, with its intricate details and embellishments. 18. The proposal was the antithesis of the current regulations, calling for their complete abolition. 19. The poem's themes of love and hate are the antithesis of one another. 20. The novel's protagonist is the antithesis of the traditional hero. 21. The candidate's views on the economy were the antithesis of his opponent's. 22. The new plan is the antithesis of the old one, with completely different goals and strategies. 23. The concert was the antithesis of a traditional orchestral performance, with its electronic beats and unconventional instruments. 24. The statement was the antithesis of what was previously believed. 25. The philosophy of individualism is the antithesis of collectivism.

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Quiz Categories Containing 'antithesis'

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• 1.1 Etymology
• 1.2 Pronunciation
• 1.3.1 Antonyms
• 1.3.2 Derived terms
• 1.3.3 Translations

English [ edit ]

Etymology [ edit ].

Borrowed from Latin antithesis , itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀντίθεσις ( antíthesis ) . By surface analysis , anti- +‎ thesis .

Pronunciation [ edit ]

• IPA ( key ) : /æn.ˈtɪ.θə.sɪs/

Noun [ edit ]

antithesis ( plural antitheses )

• A proposition that is the diametric opposite of some other proposition.
• 1835 , L [ arret ] Langley, A Manual of the Figures of Rhetoric,   [ … ] , Doncaster: Printed by C. White, Baxter-Gate, →OCLC , page 22 : Antithesis , opposing things to things, Oft from the contrast strength and beauty brings.
• ( philosophy ) The second stage of a dialectical process in which the thesis is negated.

Antonyms [ edit ]

Derived terms [ edit ].

• antithesise
• antithesize
• antithetical
• antitheticality
• antithetically
• antitheticalness

Translations [ edit ]

• English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
• English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-
• English terms borrowed from Latin
• English terms derived from Latin
• English terms derived from Ancient Greek
• English terms prefixed with anti-
• English 4-syllable words
• English terms with IPA pronunciation
• English terms with audio links
• English lemmas
• English nouns
• English countable nouns
• English nouns with irregular plurals
• en:Rhetoric
• English terms with quotations
• en:Philosophy
• en:Figures of speech
• IPA for English using .ˈ or .ˌ
• Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations
• Greek terms with redundant script codes
• Japanese terms with redundant script codes
• Russian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations

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How to Use antithesis in a Sentence

Some of these examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'antithesis.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

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Synonyms of 'antithesis' in American English

Synonyms of 'antithesis' in british english, additional synonyms, browse alphabetically antithesis.

• antithetical
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Definition of antithetical adjective from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

antithetical

• A culture of violence is antithetical to the church’s traditional teaching.

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